1. health and fitness
2. disease

Posters, Monday 12 September
Cognitive neurology and
neuropsychology
P2193
BEHAVIORAL AND NEURO-STRUCTURAL
MARKERS OF EARLY EMPATHIC
IMPAIRMENT IN THE BEHAVIORAL
VARIANT OF FRONTOTEMPORAL
DEMENTIA
C. Cerami1, F. Cortese2, A. Dodich2, N. Canessa2,
A. Marcone1, G. Chierchia3, E. Scola4, A. Falini4,
S.F. Cappa1,2
1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, San Raffaele
Scientific Institute, 2Vita-Salute University, Milan,
3University of Trento, Trento, 4Neuroradiology - CERMAC,
Vita Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute,
Milan, Italy
Background: Changes in social behaviour, loss of empathy
and impairment of social insight are early and consistent
symptoms of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal
dementia (bvFTD), thus constituting key-elements for
differential diagnosis.
Materials and methods: We investigated alterations of
empathy, both in its cognitive (Theory-of-Mind) and
affective (emotional empathy) components, in 13 mild
bvFTD patients (CDR≤1) and 39 age-, gender- and
education-matched healthy controls. They performed a
cartoon-task, requiring the identification of the correct
ending (among three possible choices) of comic strip
lacking verbal components and sub-divided in 3 conditions
(Theory of mind-ToM; empathy-Emp, causal inferencesCaus), with either one or two interacting characters. VoxelBased-Morphometry (VBM) was used to correlate
performance with grey-matter (GM) density, both in wholebrain and in a-priori regions-of-interest.
Results: Behavioural results highlighted deficits in bvFTD,
compared with controls, in all conditions and particularly in
Emp with one character. VBM analyses showed significant
correlations between both Emp and ToM performance and
GM-density in the left temporo-parietal junction, right
temporal pole and amygdala, structures previously
associated with mentalizing. Anterior cingulate cortex and
bilateral amygdala and insula (involved in emotional
processing), were associated with performance in Emp
conditions, while medial prefrontal regions were specifically
associated with Emp involving two characters.
Discussion: We provide behavioural and neuro-structural
evidence, supporting the early impairment of cognitive and
emotional empathy in bvFTD, associated with overlapping
but distinct brain-networks. The emotional component of
empathy (mainly associated with prefrontal, temporal and
limbic damage) is particularly disrupted in mild bvFTD,
thus representing a potential marker for early diagnosis.
413
P2194
THE “EXTENDED LOCKED-IN
SYNDROME”
M. Seidl1, S. Golaszewski1, A. Kunz1, Y. Krenn1,
R. Nardone2, E. Trinka1, F. Gerstenbrand3
1Department of Neurology, Paracelsus Medical University
Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria, 2Department of Neurology,
F. Tappeiner Hospital, Meran, Italy, 3Karl Landsteiner
Institute for Neurorehabilitation and Space-Neurology,
Vienna, Austria
The locked-in syndrome is one of the most devastating
neurological conditions. However, despite thorough
description of the condition and its clinical appearance, the
classic locked-in syndrome, which is defined as
quadriplegia, only vertical eye movement and blinking
possible with preserved cognitive abilities, seems to be
infrequently present. Since MRI verified isolated damage to
the pons poses the finding in this certain case, the question
arises, how the symptomatology increases, if additional
lesions are found in cranial brain areas. Therefore, the
terminus complete Locked-in syndrome was proposed in
1979, characterizing the total loss of voluntary muscle
movement. However, as damage can spread to occur in
main brainstem arousal centres and in more cranial brain
areas, disablement of cognitive functions can be expected.
Here, brain areas of special interest constitute the
mesencephalic structures, especially the periaqueductal
grey matter to the thalamic nuclei. In such remarkable
cases, brain damage does not only affect the patients’ motor
abilities, but also their consciousness. We demonstrate five
cases of locked-in syndrome, each with different patterns of
structural lesion, as obtained by 3T MRI in great detail and
discuss how clinical appearance and imaging results relate
to each other. The question will be approached if it is useful
to differentiate extended forms locked-in syndrome with
differentiated severe chronic disorders of consciousness as
for instance akinetic mutism and parasomnial syndromes.
We analyzed the lesions from the brainstem and propose a
hierarchical scheme of consciousness.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
414
Posters, Monday 12 September
P2195
P2196
POOR INTELLECTUAL PERFORMANCE IN
ANTORETROVIRAL THERAPY NAÏVE
NIGERIANS WITH HUMAN
IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION
CSF TOTAL TAU AND TAU PROTEIN
PHOSPHORYLATED AT THREONINE 181
IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND VASCULAR
COGNITIVE IMPARIMENT
T.A. Sunmonu1, O.A. Ogunrin2, M.A. Komolafe3,
O.T. Afolabi4, F.O. Olanrewaju3, B.Y. Oladimeji5
Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, 2Medicine,
University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City,
3Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals
Complex, 4Community Medicine, 5Mental Health, Obafemi
Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
1
Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa carries the heaviest
burden of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the
world and cognitive impairment is a major clinical
complication of this illness. The study was designed to
assess the intellectual performance of anti retroviral therapy
naïve Nigeria patients with HIV infection.
Methods: 58 ART naïve HIV patients were studied along
with 50 age, sex and educationally matched healthy
seronegative controls. Clinical history was taken from each
patient and general physical examination and neurological
examinations were done on all the study participants. Blood
samples were collected from the patients for HIV testing,
CD4 cell count and packed cell volume. The patients were
also staged clinically using WHO HIV staging system. The
intellectual function of each subject was assessed with the
aid of Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale adapted for
Nigerians. The data was collated and analyzed with SPSS
15.0 software.
Results: The HIV infected patients performed more poorly
than normal controls in the Verbal IQ, Performance IQ and
Full scale IQ scores (p<0.05). About 32 of 58 HIV infected
patients (55%) had intellectual impairment (IQ<70) while 5
of 50 normal controls (10%) had Full scale IQ scores<70.
Out of the laboratory clinical variables assessed it was only
the patients’ weight that had significant impact on their
intellectual performance (p<0.05)
Conclusion: This study showed that ART naïve patients
with HIV infection had significant intellectual impairment
when compared with normal seronegative controls. In
addition significant weight loss had deleterious effect on
patients’ intellectual function.
M. Boban1,2, H. Sarac1, M. Mladinov2,3, C. Süßmair4,
N. Ackl4, B. Bader5, A. Danek4, N. Mimica2,6, P.R. Hof7,
G. Simic2,3
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre,
School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 3Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia,
4Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum der Universität München,
5Zentrum für Neuropathologie und Prionforschung, LudwigMaximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,
6University Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital
Vrapče, Zagreb, Croatia, 7Department of Neuroscience,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
1
2
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular cognitive
impairment (VCI) are the two most common causes of
dementia in older age groups. Due to inadequacy of current
clinical diagnostic criteria in differential diagnosis of
dementia, the identification of new biomarkers that would
help establishing the diagnosis and primary cause of the
dementia is therefore of great relevance. The aim of this
study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of two
potential CSF biomarkers, total tau protein (t-tau) and tau
protein phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) in the
differential diagnosis of patients with AD and VCI. The
concentrations of CSF biomarkers were measured in 29 AD
patients, 12 VCI patients and 25 control subjects. The CSF
concentrations of both markers were significantly higher in
AD group compared to VCI (p>0.001) group and control
subjects (p<0.001); however none fulfilled the criteria for
the "ideal" marker (sensitivity and specificity higher than
85%). Finally, using logistic regression analysis with t-tau
and p-tau181 as independent variables led to improvement
in diagnostic accuracy with correct classification in more
than 85% of cases.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
Posters, Monday 12 September
415
P2197
P2198
ACUTE STROKE IN THE BASAL GANGLIA
- CONSEQUENCES FOR REWARD BASED
LEARNING
EMPATHY PROCESSES IN
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES:
PRELIMINARY RESULTS IN PARKINSON’S
DISEASE (PD)
U.K. Seidel1, O. Todica1, M. Wicking2, I. Daum3,
C. Bellebaum3, D.M. Hermann1
Neurological Clinic, Vascular Neurology, University
Hospital Essen, Essen, 2Institute of Neuropsychology und
Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health,
Mannheim, 3Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of
Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum,
Germany
1
Objectives: The basal ganglia (BG) play an important role
in feedback learning. Deficits in reversal learning are
presumably associated with focal lesions in the dorsal
striatum. So far, research on BG functions has mostly been
carried out in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease,
which does not only affect the BG, but also other brain
regions.
Methods: A probabilistic learning task based on feedback
has been completed by 7 patients suffering from stroke in
the BG and 13 neurologically healthy patients. Subjects had
to form associations between different visual stimuli based
on differential monetary feedback. Different aspects of
reward-based learning, such as acquisition, reversal
learning, impact of the quantity of the reward and acquired
equivalence, were analyzed. Preliminary findings: Patients
showed deficits in reward based learning. The number of
correct responses and the number of trials until the learning
criterion was reached corresponded to a large degree
between stroke patients and healthy controls during memory
acquisition and reversal learning. Patients revealed a deficit
in learning a stimulus-stimulus association from feedback
in a second acquisition phase as well as a significant lower
memory span with digits (short-term memory and working
memory).
Conclusion: While the patients’ performance of the
learning task did not differ in a first acquisition - reversal
learning - or acquired equivalence task patients typically
did not reach a predefined learning criterion in a second
acquisition task. This indicates that a stroke in the BG
impairs the ability to learn from feedback.
P. Narme1, P. Krystkowiak1,2, M. Roussel1,2, H. Mouras1,
O. Godefroy1,2
1Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies
EA 4559, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2Department of
Neurology, CHU Nord, Amiens, France
PD is frequently associated with behavioural disorders that
could affect the social functioning. Empathy, known as a
crucial phenomenon in social relationships, could be
reduced in PD. At least two dissociable processes are
involved: emotional empathy (automatic contagion) and
cognitive empathy (theory of mind -ToM). This study was
conducted to assess 1) empathy processes in PD using an
extensive neuropsychological battery and 2) relations
between empathy and behavioural disorders. 18 PD patients
and 34 healthy controls, matched for age and education
level, were included. All have received a neuropsychological
examination. Empathy was estimated with a scale filled out
by caregivers. The emotional process was examined by a
facial emotion recognition task and the cognitive one by
two ToM tasks ("Faux pas"; "Yoni"). Patients with PD
showed 1) a spared empathy as estimated by caregivers
(p=0.83); 2) a facial emotion recognition impairment
(p<0.001), unexplained by perceptual deficits (p=0.09),
suggesting an emotional empathy impairment; 3) lower
performance in the Faux pas task (p<0.005) and the Yoni
task (only on cognitive ToM items, p<0.05) suggesting a
cognitive empathy deficit. The Faux pas task was correlated
with some behavioural disorders. Patients with PD show
impairments in both emotional and cognitive processes of
empathy, in contrary to the caregivers’ estimation. The
neuropsychological examination of empathy seems
interesting to better understand non-motor aspects of PD,
such as behavioural disorders (especially the dysexecutive
one, i.e. loss of interest, irritability...)
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
416
Posters, Monday 12 September
P2199
P2200
EFFECTS OF REPETITIVE
TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC
STIMULATION ON HYPOTHALAMICPITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS OF PATIENTS
WITH DEPRESSION
APATHY AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Z. Gu
Department of Psychiatry & Neurology, Affiliated
Lianyungang Hospital, Medical College of Xuzhou,
Lianyungang City, China
Objective: To investigate the effects of sleep
electroencephalogram-modulated repetitive transcranial
magnetic stimulation (SEM-rTMS) and conventional rTMS
(C-rTMS) on the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA) axis in patients with depression.
Methods: In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial,
164 patients diagnosed with depression were randomized to
treatment with SEM-rTMS (n=57), C-rTMS (n=55) or
sham rTMS (n=52) for 30 min every day for 10 d. Before
and after treatment plasma concentrations of
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (CORT)
were measured, and the 24-item Hamilton Depression
Rating Scale (HAMD-24) was used for assessment.
Results: The HAMD-24 scores and plasma ACTH and
CORT concentrations of these depressive patients before
treatment were significantly different from those of the
normal control group (p<0.05). The HAMD-24 scores and
plasma ACTH and CORT concentrations in the SEM-rTMS
group and conventional rTMS group were decreased
significantly (p<0.05). There was a significant positive
correlation between the HAMD-24 scores and plasma
ACTH (n=240, r=0.105, p=0.048) and CORT concentrations
(n=240, r=0.126, p=0.023) in patients with depression
before and after treatment.
Conclusion: The antidepressant effect of rTMS, including
SEM-rTMS, may be related to its decreasing HPA axis
activity. (This trail was registered. No: ChiCTRTRC-00000465)
A. Ivanov
Neurology, Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy,
Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
Apathy is usually defined as a lack of motivation. It may
occur as part of another disorder (notably depression and
dementia) or as an isolated syndrome. In Parkinson’s
disease (PD), apathy is common and several studies have
reported an association between this condition and more
severe cognitive symptoms, such as executive dysfunction.
However, this association has not been thoroughly
investigated. The aim of this study (in non-depressed, nondemented PD patients) was to examine whether or not
cognitive decline and/or dementia occurred more frequently
in apathetic subjects than in non-apathetic subjects. 30
consecutive PD patients participated in the study (15 with
apathy and 15 without). None of the subjects were either
demented or depressed at the time of study entry. The
patients’ cognitive functions were extensively assessed
twice: at study entry and after an 18-month follow-up
period. At study entry, the apathetic PD patients had
significantly lower global cognitive status and executive
function scores than the non-apathetic subjects. After a
median period of 18 months, the rate of conversion to
dementia was found to be significantly higher in the
apathetic group than in the non-apathetic group (7 of 15 and
1 of 15, respectively). Even in non-demented patients, the
decrease over time in cognitive performance (mainly
executive function but also memory impairment) was
significantly greater in apathetic subjects than in nonapathetic subjects. These findings suggest that in nondemented, non-depressed PD patients, apathy may be a
predictive factor for dementia and cognitive decline over
time.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
Posters, Monday 12 September
417
P2201
P2202
PSEUDONEGLECT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA:
THE ROLE OF THE RIGHT PARIETAL
CORTEX
THE CYTOTOXICITY OF INTRACELLULAR
NON-SECRETORY EXPRESSED
AMYLOID-BETA PEPTIDE
M. Ribolsi, G. Lisi
Y. Yang, Z.-N. Guo, J. Wu, X. Sun
University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Neurology, The First Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
Objectives: Pseudoneglect refers to the systematic leftward
misbisection of horizontal lines made by healthy subjects.
Aim of this study is to compare the performance at the line
bisection (LB) among unipolar patients (UP), healthy
subjects (HS), schizophrenia patients (SCZ) and first degree
relatives of SCZ (FdR).
Methods: 65 SCZ patients, 46 UP patients, 35 FdR and 103
HS were asked to perform LB. Furthermore, we investigated
how transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over
both left and right parietal cortex influenced LB
performances in a subgroup of 12 SCZ patients.
Results: We report a lack of a significant leftward bias both
in SCZ and, in a milder way, in FdR in comparison to UP
and HS. Furthermore, LB performance of SCZ can be
modified through a selective stimulation of the right
posterior parietal cortex.
Conclusions: A noteworthy finding never reported in
literature before is that even first degree relatives of
schizophrenic patients show a lack of leftward bias at LB.
Furthermore, as pseudoneglect may be modified through a
selective stimulation of the right posterior parietal cortex,
we hypothesize a deficit of right-hemisphere function in
SCZ patients.
Objective: To established a retrovirus expression system
that allowed the intracellular non-secretory expression of
amyloid-beta(Abeta). And to explore the intracellular
toxicity of Abeta.
Methods: Clone and sequence Abeta gene. Establish the
retrovirus expression system that allowed the intracellular
non-secretory expression of Abeta, the vector plasmid
pLxsn only and the report gene EGFP. And transfect the
SK-N-SH cell. We compared the control, simple RV and
Abeta group by morph observation, MTT and flow
cytometry to detect of cytotoxicity of intracellular Abeta
peptide.
Result: We detected the expression and the transfect rate of
the objective gene in the target cell by the report gene EGFP
and flow cytometry, the result shows that recombinant RV
transfect the SK-N-SH cell effectively. By morph
observation, we found that Abeta group showed stronger
cytotoxicity. MTT showed that the activity of the cell
degraded, the growth rate of the cell became lower, and the
exponential phase of growth and the platform phase
disappeared. The flow cytometry showed that the normal
cell of the Abeta group was obviously decreased, and the
number of early apoptosis cells was increased, and so was
the later apoptosis and the necrotic cells compared with the
other two groups (p<0.01).
Conclusion: We established a retrovirus expression system
that allowed the intracellular non-secretory expressed
amyloid-beta, which could transfect SK-N-SH cell
effectively. Our data showed that intracellular non-secretory
expressed amyloid-beta had stronger cytotoxicity and not
only led to apoptosis, but also necrosis, which is different
from the results reported before.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
418
Posters, Monday 12 September
P2203
P2204
DIABETES MELLITUS AND COGNITIVE
DECLINE: SCREENING SCALES ARE NOT
SENSITIVE ENOUGH IN EARLY STAGES
OF DISEASE
THE ROLE OF CA1 -ADRENOCEPTOR
ON SCOPOLAMINE INDUCED MEMORY
IMPAIRMENT IN MALE RATS
O. Kal’bus
Department of Neurology, Dnepropetrovsk State Medical
Academy, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor of
MCI, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia. Structure of
cognitive impairment among type-2 DM patients was not
studied in the Ukraine.
Aim: To establish the cognitive decline structure in type-2
DM patients depending on duration of disease and to
compare the sensitivity of screening scales (MMSE and
FAB) and neuropsychological tests which are traditionally
used in Ukraine.
Design: 108 patient in age 35-65 (average age - 55.3±14.78)
suffering from type-2 DM were assessed with MMSE,
FAB, Luria test (short-term and long-term verbal memory
assessment), Rybakov test (visual memory), Shulte tables
(attention). The patients were divided into 3 groups
depending on DM duration: first group - up to 5 years
(n=35), second group - 6-10 years (n=41), third group more than 10 years (n=32).
Results: The main domain in structure of cognitive
impairment among type-2 DM patients is short-term
memory decline, which correlates with duration of disease
and dominates in all stages of disease. MMSE scale has not
enough sensitivity to establish cognitive decline on early
stage. Moderate attention decline is common for later stages
of DM and correlates with MMSE. Visual memory
impairment and frontal cognitive dysfunction are not
common for DM patients. Mild long-term memory decline
is only common for patients with long duration of DM
(more than 10 years).
Conclusion: A separate assessment of short-term memory
is recommended for all patients suffering from type 2 DM
in early stages of disease in spite of screening scales
assessment results.
N.S. Azami1, M. Heidari1, M. Jahanshahi2,
M.-R. Zarrindast3
Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, 2Neuroscience
Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences,
Gorgan, 3Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1
In the present study, the possible role of α-adrenergic
receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on scopolamine statedependent memory in adult male Wistar rats was evaluated.
The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic
cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus,
trained in a step-through type inhibitory avoidance task, and
tested 24 h after training to measure steps through latency.
Post-training intra-CA1 administration of scopolamine (0.5
and 2µg/rat) dose-dependently reduced the step-through
latency, showing an amnestic response. Amnesia produced
by post-training scopolamine (2µg/rat) was reversed by pretest administration of the scopolamine (0.5 and 2µg/rat) that
is due to a state dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1
injection of α1-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine (0.25,
0.5µg/rat) in the dose range that we used, could not affect
memory impairment induced by post-training injection of
scopolamine (2µg/rat). However intra-CA1 pre-test
injection of α2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine (0.5µg/rat)
improved post-training scopolamine (2µg/rat) intra- CA1
injection induced retrieval impairment. Furthermore, pretest intra-CA1 microinjection of phenylephrine (0.25 and
0.5µg/rat) or clonidine (0.25 and 0.5 µg/rat) with an
ineffective dose of scopolamine (0.25µg/rat), synergistically
improved memory performance impaired by post-training
scopolamine (2µg/rat). Our results also showed that, pretest injection of α1-receptor antagonist prazosin (1, 2 µg/rat)
or α2-receptors antagonist yohimbine (1, 2µg/rat) before
effective dose of scopolamine (2µg/rat) prevented the
improvement of memory by pre-test scopolamine.These
results suggest that α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors of the
dorsal hippocampal CA1 region may play an important role
in scopolamine-induced amnesia and scopolamine statedependent memory.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
Posters, Monday 12 September
419
P2205
P2206
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND
DISEASES AS PREDICTORS FOR
COGNITIVE DISTURBANCES IN CHRONIC
KIDNEY DISEASE
ALZHEIMER’S PATIENTS TREATED WITH
REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC
STIMULATION INTERLACED WITH
COGNITIVE LEARNING TREATMENT
SHOW IMPROVED COGNITIVE FUNCTION
COMPARED TO CONTROL THAT LASTS
AFTER TREATMENT PERIOD
O. Todica1, M. Dalis1, J. Gronewold1, M. Volsek2,
A. Kribben2, H. Bruck2, D.M. Hermann1
1Department of Neurology, 2Department of Nephrology,
University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
Cognitive deficits are common findings in patients with
chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies have shown
that verbal memory and cognitive flexibility are the most
often affected domains. There is strong evidence for
association between CKD with cardiovascular risk factors
and diseases. The precise link between these risk factors
and cognition remains vague. 56 patients with stage 3-4
CKD (66±12 yrs.) were prospectively compared with a
group of 21 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
on dialysis (CKD 5; 60±15 yrs.) and a control group of 52
patients without CKD (59±11 yrs.). All participants were
assessed with a neuropsychological test battery comprising
tests for memory, information processing, cognitive
flexibility and visuospatial abilities. Both groups of patients
with CKD and ESRD performed significantly worse in
comparison to the control group most of the cognitive
measurements. Furthermore, patients with ESRD showed a
significantly worse performance in scores for global
cognition and in measurements for visuospatial abilities
compared to patients with CKD 3-4 and healthy participants.
The most important predictors for cognitive performance in
the group of patients with CKD 3-4 were fibrinogen,
indicating a role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of
cognitive deficits. In patients with ESRD, on the other hand,
cognitive deficits were predicted by HbA1c. Impaired
kidney function is associated with deficits in specific
cognitive domains with impairments becoming worse in the
ESRD. Both the cognitive profile and the predictors of
cognitive deficits differ between CKD 3-4 and ESRD,
pointing towards different aetiologies of cognitive deficits
in both conditions.
J.M. Rabey1,2, E. Dobronevsky1, S. Aichenbaum1,
M. Haigrecht1
Neurology, Asaf Harofe Hospital, Zrifin, 2Sackler Faculty of
Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
1
Objective: To test the efficacy of using the combination of
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
interlaced with cognitive training (CgT) for the treatment of
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients.
Patients and methods: A pilot study with 8AD treated
patients followed by a second phase of a randomized
controlled study with additional 12 patients (6 treatment, 6
control), MMSE 18 to 24 were recruited, all treatment
patients were subjected to 30 daily sessions (45 mins; 6w),
followed by bi-weekly maintenance sessions for 3M, of
rTMS while performing CgT tasks, using the Non-Invasive
Cortical Enhancement (NICE®, Neuronix, Israel) system.
6 cortical brain regions, were stimulated. CgT was
specifically developed according to the regions stimulated.
Control patients were following the same protocol while
exposed to a sham device. Pilot study patients were assessed
also after 9 month. Treatment effects were assessed using:
ADAS-Cog, ADAS ADL, MMSE and CGIC.
Results: ADAS-Cog results of both phases showed average
improvements of -4.15 points after 6w in active treatment
group compared to -0.87 in sham group and -4 after 4.5
months in treatment compared to +0.12 in control (p=0.03
and p=0.03, respectively). No side effects were reported.
Average CGIC at 6w was 3.4 and control 4.17 (p=0.045)
while at 20w treatment 3.6 and control 4.6 (p=0.03). AdasCog change after 9M follow-up of 7patients (4.5m with
treatment and 4.5 without) was -2.78 from baseline.
Conclusions: We conclude that based on the above results,
the NICE system seems to offer a valuable tool for the
treatment of cognitive functions in AD patients that lasts
beyond treatment time.
P2207
Abstract cancelled
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
420
Posters, Monday 12 September
P2208
P2209
VOXEL BASED MORPHOMETRY
ANALYSIS OF THE ANATOMICAL
CORRELATES OF ’CLOSING-IN SIGN’
PERSISTENT PSYCHOSIS IN THREE
SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS WITH RIGHT
INFERIOR FRONTAL LOBE STROKE
S.-Y. Kwon, S.-J. Han, D.-W. Yang
M. Devine1, P. Bentley2, B. Jones3, H. Jenkins2,
P. Malhotra2
Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary
Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Background and objectives: The “closing-in phenomenon”
in figure-copying tasks refers to a tendency to copy near the
target, or to overlap the target to be copied. The anatomical
localization of the closing-in phenomenon has not been
elucidated yet. This study investigates the neuro-anatomical
correlates of “closing-in sign” with voxel-based
morphometry (VBM) method.
Materials and method: A total of 36 patients who were
diagnosed as probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 16
normal controls were included for the study. They were
asked to copy the figure of alternating square and triangle,
starting at the designated point and continuing from left to
right. The distances of original figure and the patient’s at
both extreme point (the starting point and ending point)
were measured and the starting to end point distance ratio
was calculated. All subjects underwent neuropsychological
test to diagnose dementia and high resolution 3D MPRAGE
brain MRI. We used SPM5 for the voxel based statistical
analysis of gray matter loss according to the distance ratio
of “closing-in sign”.
Result: As regard to the closing-in sign, the AD patients
showed a steeper slope than the normal controls. On VBM
analysis, the AD patients have more parietal and temporal
atrophy than normal controls, and the atrophy of frontal
lobe was associated with the degree of closing-in sign.
Conclusion: Our study, using an objective method of
measuring the degree of closing-in and VBM analysis,
suggests that the degree of closing-in is correlated with
frontal lobe dysfunction.
1Institute of Neurology, University College London, 2Centre
for Neuroscience, Imperial College London, 3Department of
Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London,
UK
Background: Although delusions and auditory
hallucinations following hemispheric stroke have been
described, previous case reports have been varied and
symptoms have often been specifically related to
unawareness of deficit or abnormal bodily perception. To
date there has been no previous use of lesion overlap
analysis to identify a specific common neuro-anatomical
locus for persistent psychosis secondary to stroke, although
delusional ideation has been reported following lesions to
the right frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, as well as
subcortical structures.
Patients: Here we report 3 cases of right hemisphere stroke
associated with auditory hallucinations and paranoid
delusional beliefs in addition to, in two cases,
misidentification of carers as family members (Fregoli
phenomenon). All 3 individuals previously never had
psychotic symptoms but had consulted their medical
practitioner for psychiatric issues. 1 had suffered from
haemorrhage and the other 2 patients from infarcts.
Methods: We mapped patients’ lesions to the MNI
anatomical template before carrying out overlap analysis
using MRIcro software.
Results: The common region of damage in this group was
the right inferior frontal gyrus and underlying white matter,
including the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Unlike some
previous studies of psychosis in the context of stroke, we
found no evidence of significant atrophy in these patients.
Conclusion: This result provides evidence of the key role
for right frontal dysfunction and/or disconnection in the
pathogenesis of psychosis, and in keeping functional
imaging studies of schizophrenic patients which have
demonstrated abnormal function and connectivity of this
region.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
Posters, Monday 12 September
421
P2210
P2211
DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE
VALUE OF MONTREAL COGNITIVE
ASSESSMENT IN IDENTIFYING PATIENTS
WITH "VASCULAR COGNITIVE
IMPAIRMENT NO DEMENTIA" AFTER
CEREBRAL INFARCTION
I.V. Pershina, O.B. Bondar, T.K. Mikhaielian
Neuropathology and Neurosurgery, Kharkov Medical
Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkov, Ukraine
Depression is a common post-stroke disorder, which not
only reduces the quality of life of the patients and the
functional outcome of stroke, but also increases the
mortality rate. The objective of the study is to examine the
prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD), its relation to
the cognitive impairment and functional outcome.
Material and methods: The data of 200 patients in acute
stroke and in terms of 6, 12 months and 2 years after stroke
have been studied. Patients were tested with Hamilton
Depression Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination
(MMSE), Barthel index and Rankin scale. All patients
underwent neuroimaging study - MRI.
Results: Depressive states were observed in 17% in the
acute stage of stroke, in 35% after 6 months, 43% at one
year and 56% at 2 years after stroke. In 48% of patients with
ischemic stroke a focus was located in the right hemisphere,
in 52% in the left hemisphere. Cognitive impairment,
neurological and physical complications as well as the
everyday life dependence were more pronounced in the
patients with depression than without it, and it progressed
with time.
Conclusions: A significant number of patients has a PSD
and its frequency increases by the 2nd year after stroke. In
post-stroke period, all patients need psychological
adjustment due to direct correlation between the
development of depression and outcome of stroke (cognitive
and neurological disorders).
R. Zhao1, C. Wang2, N.-N. Shen1
1Neurology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical
College, Qingdao University, 2Neurology Department,
Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
0bjective: To investigate the value of Montreal Cognitive
Assessment (MoCA) in identifying patients with vascular
cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) after cerebral
infarction.
Methods: Among the 119 cases of cerebral infarction, 71
subjects diagnosed with VCIND and 48 controls without
cognitive impairment were assessed by the Mini-Mental
State Examination (MMSE) and MoCA. Their demographic
data and vascular risk factors were also documented.
Results:
1) No significant differences were found between the two
groups on age, gender, education level (P>0.05).
2) Total scores of MoCA and MMSE in the VCIND group
were significantly lower compared with that in control
group (p<0.05). There was high correlation between total
scores of MoCA and MMSE by Pearson correlation analysis
(r=0.779, p<0.05).
3) According to the ROC curve analyses, with the best cutoff score of 21, MoCA can provide a sensitivity of 83.1 and
a specificity of 72.9% while the best cut-off score of MMSE
is 26 with a sensitivity of 69.0% and a specificity of 66.7%.
4) Except language and abstraction, significant differences
in other sub-items of MoCA were found between the two
groups (p<0.05).
5) Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension,
diabetes mellitus, smoking and leukoaraiosis had correlation
with VCIND (p<0.05).
Conclusions: MoCA has higher sensitivity and specificity
than MMSE in screening VCIND, and the optimal cut-off
point of MoCA is 21. Patients with VCIND have extensive
cognitive domains impairment. Hypertension, diabetes
mellitus, smoking and leukoaraiosis are risk factors of
VCIND.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
422
Posters, Monday 12 September
P2212
P2213
REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF
DOPAMINERGIC AGENTS IN THE
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENC AND
MORPHINE-INDUCED PLACE
PREFERENCE
THE EFFECTS OF AT1/AT2 ANGIOTENSIN
RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS ON ANXIETY
STATUS AND SOME OXIDATIVE STRESS
MARKERS IN RATS
Heidari1,
M.
N.-S.
A. Rezayof3
Azami1,
M.-R.
Zarrindast2,
Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan,
Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
3Animal Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
1
2
In the present study, effects of repeated intra-nucleus
accumbens (intra-NAc) administration of dopaminergic
agents on morphine-induced place preference have been
investigated. Effects of repeated intra-NAc injections of
dopamine receptor agonist and antagonist on morphineinduced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats were
investigated by using an unbiased 3-day schedule of place
conditioning design. Animals receiving once daily
subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of morphine (0.5-7.5mg/kg)
or saline (1.0ml/kg, s.c.) showed a significant place
preference in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum
response was observed with 5mg/kg of the opioid. Three
days intra-NAc injections of apomorphine (0.5 and 1mg/rat)
followed by five days free of the drug, increased or
decreased, respectively, CPP induced by lower dose of
morphine (0.5mg/kg, s.c.). The CPP induced by morphine
was also significantly increased in animals that previously
received the 3-days intra-NAc injections of SKF 38393
(4 and 8mg/rat) or quinpirole (2 and 4mg/rat, intra-NAc).
The CPP induced by a higher dose of morphine (5mg/kg,
s.c.) was significantly decreased in animals that had
previously received the 3-days SCH 23390 (0.005 and
0.01mg/rat; intra-NAc). On the other hand, the CPP induced
by morphine (5mg/kg, s.c.) was significantly increased in
animals that had previously received the 3-days sulpiride
administration (5mg/rat, intra-NAc). It is concluded that
repeated injections of dopamine receptors agents followed
by 5 days free of the drugs in the NAc can affect morphine
reward.
A. Ciobica1, L. Hritcu1, W. Bild2, M. Padurariu2, V. Bild2
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 2Gr.T. Popa University of
Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
1
Introduction: In addition to its known classical roles, the
renin angiotensin system (RAS) has more subtle functions,
which include the regulation of emotional responses.
Previous studies regarding the anxiety-related behaviour of
RAS have shown controversial results. Also, there is
evidence that oxidative stress accompanies angiotensin II
infusion, but the role of AT1/AT2 specific receptors is not
clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of
central angiotensin II receptor blockers on anxiety state and
oxidative stress.
Material and methods: Each experimental group received
individually losartan, PD-123177 or angiotensin II, icv
administered (0.1µg/kg b.w.) through a cannula
stereotaxically implanted in the left cerebral ventricle.
Behavioural testing included elevated plus maze, while
oxidative stress status was measured though the extent of a
lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde-MDA) and
the specific activity of some defence antioxidant enzymes
(superoxide dismutase-SOD and glutathione peroxidaseGPx).
Results: The rats treated with angiotensin II spent
significantly less time in the open-arms of elevated-plusmaze, while the administration of losartan resulted in a
significant increase of this time. We observed a significant
increase of MDA concentration in angiotensin II group and
decrease of MDA levels in both losartan and PD-123177
groups. Also, significant correlations between the time
spent in the open arms and oxidative stress markers were
found.
Conclusions: This could raise important therapeutic issues
regarding the anxiolytic effects of angiotensin II receptor
blockers used primarily for hypertension, such as losartan
and PD-123177. Also, it seems that oxidative stress could
play an important role in these actions.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
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423
P2214
P2215
POST-STROKE EPILEPSY AND
DEPRESSION EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION
SYNDROME
COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE ELDERLY
POPULATION OF THE GuidAge STUDY A 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF SUBJECTS
WITH MEMORY COMPLAINTS
N.Z. Radojkovic Gligic1, M.P. Petric2
1Stroke Unit, 2Neuropsychological Investigation, Hospital for
Cerebrovascular Disease St. Sava, Belgrade, Serbia
Background: Depression-executive dysfunction and poststroke epilepsy are independent sequels of stroke. Their
coexisting influence on post-stroke cognitive decline is not
well established yet.
Methods: Prospective study of 577 post stroke patients
performed (age 65±5.2 men/women ratio 381/196) all of
them are diagnosed CT/MRI at acute stage. Patients were
evaluated at 6 months and 1 year post-stroke. Cognitive
function is daily activity evaluated by MMSE, WB-sp,
Benton TVP, Test Bender-pictures test. Depressive
symptoms assessed by Hamilton depression rating scale
(ZUNG) and scale D from MMPi-201. According to test
data patients were divided into 3 groups
1. With DES
2. Without DES
3. With PSE
4. Without PSE
5. With PSE and DES
Groups did not differ due to vascular risk factors clinical
demographic and radiological variables. Result from 577
patients: DES was diagnosed in 92 cases (16.67%), PSE in
105 (18.19%) coexistence of PSE and DES in 97 cases
(16.95%). All patients with PSE and DSE had right
hemispheric stroke. Comparison of these 3 groups revealed
that patients with coexistence of DES and PSE had lower
MMSE, worse ADL index
Conclusion: Coexistence of DSE and PSE may have higher
risk for developing post stroke dementia. Definite treatment
options should be necessary to prevent development of this
sequel to stroke.
P.-J. Ousset1,2, N. Coley1,3, S. Andrieu1,3,4,
H. Mathiex-Fortunet5, P. Garnier5, B. Vellas1,3
INSERM U 1027, University of Toulouse III, 2Memory Clinic,
Gérontopole - University Hospital Purpan Casselardit,
3Gerontopole, University Hospital Purpan Casselardit,
4Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Toulouse
University Hospital, Toulouse, 5Drug Development, Ipsen,
Boulogne, France
1
Background: The GuidAge study assessed the potential
efficacy of standardized Gingko biloba extract (EGb761)
for the prevention of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) in elderly
subjects with memory complaints. The aim of this analysis
was to describe the subjects who underwent clinically
relevant cognitive decline during the 5 years of follow-up.
Methods: 2,854 subjects aged 70 years or older, were
assessed annually with a full cognitive battery. We
identified subgroups of subjects who underwent either an
increase of ≥0.5 points on the CDR, an increase of ≥3 points
on the CDR sum of boxes (CDR-SB), a decrease of ≥3
MMSE points, or a decrease of ≥3 words on the Free and
Cued Selective-Reminding-Test (FCSRT) total recall score.
Results: An increase of ≥0.5 points on the CDR was
observed in 845 subjects and ≥3 points on the CDR-SB in
149 subjects. 513 subjects had a decrease of ≥3 points on
the MMSE, and 1047 a decrease of ≥3 words on the
FCSRT.119 subjects underwent cognitive decline on both
the CDR-SB and FCSRT, 134 on both the MMSE and
FCSRT, and 100 on both the MMSE and CDR-SB. 81
subjects underwent cognitive decline on all 3 tests.
Demographic and psychometric characteristics of these
respective groups will be presented. Baseline factors
predictive of cognitive decline will be established.
Conclusions: The GuidAge study enabled 2854 elderly
subjects with memory complaints to be followed-up for 5
years. Clinically relevant cognitive decline was observed in
some subjects, and predictive factors will be described.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
424
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P2216
P2217
POST-STROKE DELIRIUM ASSESSMENT
AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND
ASYMPTOMATIC LACUNAR STROKE
J. Bednarik1,2, A. Mitasova1, M. Kostalova1,
R. Michalcakova1, P. Balabanova1, T. Kasparek3,
S. Vohanka1, L. Dusek4
D. Cuciureanu1, A. Cuciureanu2
Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Masaryk
University, 2Central European Institute of Technology,
Masaryk University, 3Department of Psychiatry, University
Hospital and Masaryk University, 4Institute of Biostatistics
and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
1
Introduction: Few studies have investigated the incidence
of post-stroke delirium and results from existing studies
reported incidence estimates ranging from 10% to 48%.
Aim: To describe the epidemiology of delirium in a cohort
of patients in the acute post-stroke period using DSM IV
criteria and to determine criterion validity and overall
accuracy of a tool for delirium assessment.
Design: A prospective cohort study.
Patients and methods: A consecutive series of 129 stroke
patients (57 women and 72 men; mean age 72.5, range
35-93 years) admitted to the 6-bed stroke unit of a university
hospital, were evaluated for delirium incidence. A serial
daily follow-up began within 24 hours of stroke, continued
for at least 7 days, and utilized the Czech version of the
confusion assessment method for the Intensive Care Unit
(CAM-ICU) and a reference standard evaluation using the
DSM IV criteria for delirium.
Results: An episode of delirium was detected in 55 stroke
patients (42.6%). In 37 of these (67.3%), delirium began
within 24 hours of admission. The sensitivity, specificity
and overall accuracy of CAM-ICU in detection of delirium
were 85.5%, 94.5%, and 91.5% respectively (95%
confidence interval, 73-93%, 88-99%, and 83-96%).
Conclusions: Post-stroke delirium may frequently be
detected, provided that the testing algorithm is appropriate
to the time profile of post-stroke delirium. Early (within 24
hours of stroke) and serial screening for delirium is
recommended. CAM-ICU showed a high sensitivity and
specificity for detecting delirium and should be considered
an aid in delirium screening and assessment in post-stroke
patients.
Neurology, Emergencies Hospital ’ Prof.Dr. N. Oblu’, Iassy,
Neurology, Emergency Hospital “Prof.Dr. N. Oblu”, Iasi,
Romania
1
2
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between mild
cognitive impairment and risk factors for chronic
asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease in middle aged
patients.
Method: A sample of 46 consecutively evaluated subjects
with MCI was followed-up for 1 year after a recruitment
period of 2 year, in our neurological service. The patients,
aged 55 - 70, had memory complaints, no stress, anxiety,
depression or causal medication, but 30 of them had
vascular risk factors. All met the operational criteria for
MCI. Patients were investigated by clinical examination,
neuropsychological test, brain computed tomography,
vascular related blood tests.
Results: The 46 patients were divided into 3 groups
according to existing risk factors: 18 with hypertension, 12
other vascular risk factors and 16 without vascular risk
factors. All patients had a Mini-Mental State Examination
score greater than or equal to 24. Neuropsychological
examination by “Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of
Neuro­psychological Status” (RBANS) revealed in the third
group a predominant memory impairment with relative
sparing of other cognitive domains and in 2 other groups
multiple domain non amnestic MCI. Combined analysis of
cerebral computed tomography and Neuropsychological
examination concluded that the hypertension group had
white matter ischemic changes (leukoaraiosis) in 25%, and
asymptomatic lacunar stroke in 88% cases.
Conclusion: Asymptomatic ischemic brain damage can
lead to MCI. We speculate that every patient with long-term
or uncontrolled vascular risk factors and minimal complaint
of memory loss must promptly be investigated with
neuroimaging techniques.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
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425
P2218
P2219
ANTI-SACCADE PARADIGM AND
COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT IN
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
CHANGES OF SOME OXIDATIVE STRESS
MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH ANXIETY
DISORDER
B. Poletti1, P. Meriggi2, A. Lafronza1, F. Solca1,
L. Carelli1, N. Ticozzi1, S. Messina1, C. Morelli1,
D. Meazzi3, P. Cipresso3, C. Lombardi4, G. Riva3,
V. Silani1
M. Padurariu1, A. Ciobica2, B. Stoica1, R. Dobrin1,
C. Stefanescu1
Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience,
“Dino Ferrari” Center - University of Milan - IRCCS
Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 2Polo Tecnologico - Biomedical
Technology Department, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi
Onlus, 3Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab,
IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 4Department of
Cardiology, San Luca Hospital - IRCCS Istituto Auxologico
Italiano, Milan, Italy
Background: Oxidative stress has been associated with
several diseases which are specific for the nervous system
and recent studies also suggest that there is a possible link
between oxidative stress status and generalized anxiety
disorder. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the
specific activity of some peripheral antioxidant defences
like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione
peroxidase (GPX) and the level of a lipid peroxidation
marker (malondialdehyde - MDA) in patients with anxiety,
in comparison with age-matched healthy subjects.
Material and methods: Patients involved in this study met
DSM-IV criteria for generalized anxiety disorder. Hamilton
Anxiety Scale (HAMA) was used in order to quantify the
severity of anxiety symptomatology. The biochemical
assessments mainly included chemiluminometric and
spectrophotometric methods.
Results: We demonstrated a significant increase of MDA
concentration in patients with anxiety, compared to the
control group. On the contrary, the specific activity of GPX
was significantly decreased in the anxiety group. When we
determined the linear regression between HAMA scores vs.
oxidative stress markers, we found a significant positive
correlation between HAMA scores vs. MDA levels and also
a significant negative correlation between HAMA scores
vs. GPX activity.
Conclusions: It seems that anxiety disorder is related to
oxidative stress, as expressed by altered antioxidant enzyme
activity and increased levels of lipid peroxidation. Although
these results point to a possible use for antioxidants in the
prevention or reduction of anxiety, further research is
necessary to show whether anxious subjects need more
antioxidants than non-anxious subjects.
1
Introduction: Frontal impairments in Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis (ALS) have been variously described and assessed
in literature. Involvement of frontal function has recently
been studied exploring ocular fixation with an eye-tracking
technology. Anti-saccade paradigm is ideal in exploring
frontal cognitive functions. In the anti-saccade paradigm
subjects are instructed not to make a reflexive saccade to an
appearing lateral target, but to make an intentional saccade
to the opposite side.
Objectives: Analyzing frontal cognitive functioning in
ALS patients with the use of cognitive computerized
measures and the anti-saccade paradigm.
Methods: 15 patients fulfilling El Escorial criteria for ALS
and 15 controls underwent an extensive neuropsychological
and psychodiagnostic assessment. Different cognitive
domains have been investigated with both cognitive
traditional tools as well as computerized tests: reaction
time, attention, eye-movements, executive functions,
cognitive flexibility, language, problem solving. Eyemovements were measured using a 1750 Tobii eye-tracker.
Results: Patients showed higher difficulties in the antisaccade task and in traditional neuropsychological tools.
Significant differences and paradigmatic patterns of data
emerged on different eye-movements/reaction times
measures, while a general cognitive slowness characterized
patients’ performances. Patients performed worse on frontal
measures of cognitive functioning. Finally, they also
showed significantly higher scores on depressive/anxious
symptoms scales.
Conclusions: Neuropsychological assessment revealed
specific cognitive and psychological profiles, as well as
peculiar alterations of eye-movements patterns.
Computerized assessment seems more sensitive in detecting
small ’frontal’ cognitive changes and in evaluating ALS
longitudinally. These data suggest that oculomotor
assessment and the anti-saccade paradigm may be useful for
ALS cognitive assessment.
1
2
Gr.T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi,
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
426
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P2220
P2221
A NORMATIVE STUDY OF THE COLOR
TRAILS TEST IN THE GREEK
POPULATION
THETA-BAND EEG ACTIVATION
SIGNALING SPATIAL WORKING MEMORY
FOR PERCEPTION DISCRIMINATION
VERSUS THE PLANNING OF ACTION
K. Konstantopoulos1, K. Spengos2
1Neurobiological Institute, Theodorou Theoxari Kotsika
Foundation, 2Assistant Professor of Neurology, Eginition
Hospital, Athens National University, Athens, Greece
Introduction and aim: The Color Trails Test (CTT) is a
neuropsychological test that measures perceptual tracking,
sustained and divided attention and was created as a culturefree alternate to Trail Making Test. Recently, its use has
been increased in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s
disease, brain injury and subclinical infarction. The aim of
the present study was to provide normative data for the CTT
in the Greek population. Possible relationships with mental
state, age and education were examined.
Methods: A total of 314 native Greek speakers with various
professional backgrounds took part in the study (113 males
and 201 females). Exclusion criteria involved the existence
of neurological and psychiatric diseases, history of alcohol
and/or drug dependence, traumatic brain injury and a
MMSE score below 24.
Results: The participants were divided in 6 groups
according to their age (20-29 n=50, 30-39 n=61, 40-49
n=58, 50-59 n=58, 60-69 n=50, 70-87 n=37, mean age
47.61 SD=16.15, mean education 13.07 SD=3.78). The
mean value for CTT1 was 55.18 SD=22.18 and the mean
value of CTT2 was 99.39 SD=36.16 (in seconds). Some
correlations were found between age and CTT (CTT1
r=0.635 p<0.0005, CTT2 r=0.651 p<0.0005), between
education and CTT (CTT1 r=-0.437, p<0.0005, CTT2
r=-0.475, p<0.0005) and between MMSE and CTT (CTT1
r=-0.267, p<0.0005, CTT2 r=-0.332, p<0.0005).
Discussion: CTT is a promising tool for the measurement
of attention in the Greek population. Further research is
needed to use this test in Greek patients with various
neurological diseases.
F. Protopapa1, C. Siettos1, I. Evdokimidis2, N. Smyrnis3
School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences
National Technical University of Athens, 2Cognition and
Action Group, Neurology Dept. National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, 3Dept. Psychiatry
and Dept. of Neurology, Cognition and Action Group,
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition
Hospital, Athens, Greece
1
It is proposed that working memory (WM) is sub-served by
different brain systems depending on the type of stimuli
being processed (verbal versus spatial etc). It is also
proposed that vision is decomposed in two processing
streams, one used in perception and one used for the
planning and execution of movements (action). We tested
whether the segmentation of perception is extended in
spatial WM. 10 healthy right-handed volunteers performed
four visuospatial tasks while EEG was recorded from 62
electrodes on the scalp. Two tasks involved a pointing
movement to a visual target and the other two involved a
perceptual discrimination of this target location from that of
a newly presented one. Each task involved two delay
conditions, one where the target had disappeared in the
delay (memory) and one where the target remained visible
(no memory). Spectral analysis of the EEG signals during
the delay period was performed at different frequency bands
(from 0.01Hz to 70Hz in steps of 5Hz). Time-frequency
analysis was also performed for selected frequency bands.
A significant increase in theta power for parietal areas
compared to frontal areas was observed for the memory
condition in both movement and discrimination tasks.
Time-frequency analysis showed that the memory increase
of theta band in parietal areas started earlier for the
perception discrimination task than for the movement task.
These results indicate a specific memory network activated
in spatial WM. The dynamics of this network in time
dissociate spatial WM for action from spatial WM for
perception.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
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427
P2222
P2223
Ndel1 ACTIVITY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TEST
FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA
FAMILIAL CLUSTERING OF TRANSIENT
GLOBAL AMNESIA
A.G.D.A. Araripe Neto1, M. Machado2, C. Yonamine3,
V. Oliveira2, R. Bressan1, M. Hayashi3
M. Galovic, L. Schilg, A. Felbecker
Psychiatry, 2Biophysics, 3Pharmacology, UNIFESP, São
Paulo, Brazil
1
Several lines of evidence suggest that disruption of normal
neurodevelopment is a central physiopathological process
in schizophrenia. Ndel1 plays multiple roles in neuronal
development and its reported cysteine protease activity
seems to be important for these processes. Cooperative
interaction identified between Ndel1 and the schizophrenia
risk gene Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) seems to
regulate neuronal morphogenesis and positioning during
embryogenesis. The relationship between Ndel1 and
schizophrenia at a genetic and biochemical level suggest
that the oligopeptidase activity of Ndel1 may play a role in
the etiology of major psychiatric disorders. Herein, we have
evaluated 82 patients that fulfilled DSM IV criteria for
schizophrenia assessed with the structured diagnostic
interview (SCID) by experienced interviewers with good
inter-rater reliability. All patients have been followed in
schizophrenia program (PROESQ) of UNIFESP, and the
diagnosis of schizophrenia was confirmed by 2 experienced
clinicians. We included so far 42 healthy controls matched
for sex, age and educational level. They have no personal
psychiatric diagnosis assessed by SCID and no familial
diagnosis of psychosis. We found that the enzymatic
activity has a lower mean value in the patients group
compared to healthy controls. This difference was
statistically significant t(129) = 2,622 with a p value of
0.01. Enzymatic activity values were converted to z score
once they did not follow a normal distribution. Our result
indicates that Ndel1 activity may be a useful tool to
differentiate patients and controls. The key role of Ndel1
activity in neurodevelopmental processes, makes it a
promising target to further studies.
Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen,
St. Gallen, Switzerland
Background and objectives: The pathogenesis of transient
global amnesia (TGA) is still unknown although several
hypotheses exist. We describe the clustering of transient
global amnesia in a Swiss family and discuss possible
pathomechanisms.
Methods/results: 4 out of 4 siblings as well as their mother
suffered from acute onset ante- and retrograde amnesia. In
4 cases the diagnosis of TGA was established retrospectively.
One case was evaluated during the acute phase at our
department using standard laboratory exams, EEG,
extracranial Doppler sonography and MRI-scan which
rendered normal results without evidence of hippocampal
lesions or internal jugular vein valve insufficiency. In all
affected family members the symptom onset was
approximately at the age of 70. In 4 out of 5 cases preceding
Valsalva like manoeuvres were reported. Despite the
familial clustering of TGA, every affected family member
suffered TGA only once per lifetime to date.
Conclusions: Familial incidence of TGA is a rare finding
which might be underdiagnosed due to the transient and
benign nature of the disorder. Further analysis of familial
TGA might provide new insights into the pathomechanism
of this disorder.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
428
Posters, Monday 12 September
P2224
P2225
INVESTIGATION OF COGNITIVE
DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASE
AN IRON BAR THROUGH THE HEAD:
A 50-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
N. Buyukkoyuncu1, N. Turgut1, G. Altiay2, M. Demir3,
H. Karadag4, B. Turgut3, T. Caglar2, H. Erbas5
Neurology Department, 2Chest Medicine, 3Hematology
Department, 4Pharmacology Department, 5Biochemistry
Department, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne,
Turkey
1
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) is a disease characterized with limitation of air
flow. Cognitive problems can appear in advanced stage of
this disease. A relationship is known between occurring
COPD and levels of homocytein and total antioxidan
capacity (TAC), and a relationship between cognitive
dysfunction and level of homocystein and TAC. We aimed
at the evaluation of cognitive functions in patients with
COPD, and demonstration of the relationship between
cognitive function and homocystein and TAC.
Method: 28 COPD patients with acute exacerbation
(hypoxic group) and 28 stabile COPD patients (non-hypoxic
group) were included in the study. Control group included
25 healthy people. Homocystein and TAC were measured
in patients and control groups. Cognitive functions were
evaluated with standardized mini mental test (SMMT),
clock drawing test (CDT), Blessed orientation memory
concentration test (BOMCT), Benton’s face description test
(BFDT) and the clinical dementia rating scale (CDRS).
Results: Homocystein level was high in the hypoxic group
(p=0.004), TAC levels were high in hypoxic and nonhypoxic groups (p=0.045), SMMT (p=0.000) and CDT
values were low in hypoxic group (p=0.000), the CDRS
values was high in hypoxic and non-hypoxic groups
(p=0.000), BFDT values were low in hypoxic and nonhypoxic groups (p=0.000), BOMCT values were high in
hypoxic group (p=0.000). There were a correlation between
TAC and SMMT (r=0.582, p=0.001) and CDRS (r= -0.384,
p=0.044).
Conclusion: We demonstrated the presence of cognitive
dysfunction in the COPD patients. Hypoxic patients had
more profound cognitive dysfunction. In addition, we
demonstrated a relationship between TAC and cognitive
dysfunction.
B.M. Aji, E. Ghadiali, A. Jacob, A.J. Larner
Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool,
UK
Objective: To report clinical and cognitive findings in a
patient 50 years after an iron bar passed through his head.
Such cases have rarely been reported since the seminal
report of Phineas Gage (1848), especially with long term
follow-up.
Results: At the age of 8, the patient suffered an accident in
which an iron bar passed through the right side of his head
(occipital to frontal). With surgery he made a good recovery,
but was sent to a special school. He learned to drive aged
20, and was in paid employment for many years. Assessed
at age 64, he had a mild left spastic dystonia. On MMSE he
scored 30/30 and on Frontal Assessment Battery 15/18
(impaired inhibitory control and motor series).
Neuropsychological assessment showed intellectual
function in the average range but performance on tests of
processing speed was at borderline. Language function was
preserved. Copy of the Rey Figure showed difficulties in
planning and was slow. On DKEFS he was impaired on
measures of cognitive flexibility, abstract thinking, and
category formation.
Conclusions: Unlike Phineas Gage, this man suffered no
dramatic change in personality following his brain injury,
but did show impairments in some aspects of executive
function on detailed neuropsychological testing. The early
age at which the injury occurred, coinciding with preserved
brain plasticity, may have permitted a relatively full
recovery.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
Posters, Monday 12 September
429
P2226
P2227
DEVELOPMENT OF A COGNITIVE LEVEL
EXPLANATION MODEL IN BRAIN
INJURY - COMPARISONS BETWEEN
DISABILITY AND NONDISABILITY
EVALUATION GROUPS
MELATONIN SECRETION, CHOLINERGIC
SYSTEM AND COGNITIVE STATUS IN
ACUTE PERIOD OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
O.-L. Kim
Background and aims: To determine the association
between serum acetylcholinesterase level (AChE),
melatonin sulphate level in urine (UMS) and cognitive
status in acute stroke patients. 25 patients (aged 57.1±2.15
years) with first hemispheric ischemic stroke were examined
within acute period with clinical and neuropsychological
methods: NIHSS, MMSE, FAB, MoCA, Clock Drawing
Test (CDT), Attention Assessment Test (AAT), Five Words
Remembering Test (FWT) and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT).
An assessment of serum AChE and UMS levels was
performed. Control group consisted of 20 persons without
cerebrovascular diseases. We used published data on UMS
level in normal subjects (aged group 51-65, N=16,
Me=20.4ng/mL).
Results: Average result of NIHSS: Me (25%; 75%) =3 (2;
4). We noted differences in stroke patients and control
group in results of MMSE (p=0.01), FAB (p<0.01), MoCA
(p<0.01), CDT (p=0.01), AAT (p<0.01), FWT (p=0.02) and
VFT (p<0.01). The UMS level was equal to 4.4 (2.2; 11.7)
ng/mL. Correlations between UMS level and MMSE
(r=-0.72; p=0.02), AAT (r=-0.76; p=0.03), VFT (r=-0.74;
p=0.01) was revealed. The serum AChE level was equal to
7568(3288; 11559) nmol/sec/L. Interactions between serum
AChE level and MMSE (r=0.56; p=0.01), sensitivity to
interference (r=0.58; p=0.01), CDT (r=0.68; p=0.002),
MoCA subtest “Attention” (r=0.59; p=0.009) were found.
Conclusion: Acute stroke patients have a low level of
melatonin secretion. In this group an association between
melatonin secretion and cognitive status was revealed. The
condition of cholinergic system and cognitive functions in
able-bodied patients with minimal neurological deficit are
interacting. The explanation of observed relationships
demands further investigations.
Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Objective: We investigated whether disability evaluation
(DE) situations influence patients’ neuropsychological test
performances and psychopathological characteristics and
which variables play a role to establish an explanation
model using statistical analysis.
Methods: Patients were 536 (56.6%) brain-injured persons
who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, classified into the
DE group (DE; n=300, 56.0%) and the non-DE group
(NDE; n=236, 44.0%) according to the neuropsychological
testing’s purpose. Next, we classified DE subjects into DE
cluster 1 (DEC1; 91, 17.0%), DE cluster 2 (DEC2; 125;
23.3%), and DE cluster 3 (DEC3; 84, 15.7%) via two-step
cluster analysis, to specify DE characteristics. All patients
completed the K-WAIS, K-MAS, K-BNT, SCL-90-R, and
MMPI.
Results: Comparison between DE and NDE, the DE group
showed lower intelligence quotients and more severe
psychopathologic symptoms, as evaluated by the SCL-90-R
and MMPI, than the NDE group did. When comparing the
intelligence among the DE groups and NDE group, DEC1
group performed worst on intelligence and memory and had
more severe psychopathologic symptoms than the NDE
group did. The DEC2 group showed modest performance
increase over the DEC1 and DEC3, similar to the NDE
group. Paradoxically, the DEC3 group performed better
than the NDE group did on all variables.
Conclusion: The DE group showed minimal “faking bad”
patterns. When we divided the DE group into three groups,
the DEC1 group showed typical malingering patterns, the
DEC2 group showed passive malingering patterns, and the
DEC3 group suggested denial of symptoms and resistance
to treatment.
A. Kulesh, V. Schestakov
Neurology, Perm State Academy of Medicine, Perm, Russia
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
430
Posters, Monday 12 September
P2228
P2229
CEREBELLAR NEUROCOGNITION: A NEW
AVENUE IN COGNITIVE AND
BEHAVIOURAL NEUROSCIENCE
RELATIONS OF HYPERTENSION AND
DEPRESSION-EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION
SYNDROME IN HYPERTENSIVE STROKE
PATIENTS
P. Mariën1, R. Crols2
Neurolinguistics, 2Neurology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis
Middelheim, Antwerpen, Belgium
1
Traditional neurological tenets posit that the cerebellum
coordinates skilled voluntary movements and controls
motor tone, posture, and gait. However, neuro-anatomical,
clinical, and neuroimaging studies conducted over the past
decades have convincingly shown that the cerebellum is
also crucially implicated in a broad variety of cognitive and
affective processes such as language, memory, visuospatial
skills, executive functions, thought modulation, and
emotional regulation of behaviour and affect. We present an
introductory overview of the recently acknowledged
concept of “cerebellar neurocognition” with special
emphasis on the role of the cerebellum in motor and nonmotor language functions. Many studies have shown that
cerebellar involvement in motor speech disorders is not
limited to (ataxic) dysarthria but also encompasses mutism
and apraxia of speech. At the non-motor level, a variety of
neuro-linguistic disturbances have been identified after
cerebellar lesions such as expressive agrammatism,
semantic retrieval deficits, syntactic comprehension
difficulties, depressed phonological verbal fluency and
even frontal (dynamic) aphasia. Recently, studies on apraxic
agraphia and dyslexia have indicated that the cerebellum
may also be implicated in the written language network. In
agreement with the findings indicating a topographical
organization of the cerebellar structures involved in
language pathology the concept of a ’’lateralized linguistic
cerebellum” is briefly discussed. Rather than being the
neuro-anatomical seat of cognitive and linguistic processes,
the cerebellum may be considered to modulate cognitive
functions through the feed forward loop of the corticoponto-cerebellar system and the feedback loop of the
cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways.
S. Kapianidze1, M. Janelidze1, M. Beridze1, E. Devidze2,
T. Maisuradze1, I. Urushadze3, L. Chinchaladze1,
N. Guldedava1
Khechinashvili Medical University Hospital, 2Referal
Hospital, 3Tbilisi Medical Academy Hospital, Tbilisi,
Georgia
1
Background: Depression-executive dysfunction syndrome
(DES) is a state leading to cognitive retardation, which
represents the basis of vascular dementia. Establishment
DES in hypertension stroke patients may help to choose
patients with high risk of dementia, prevent the
complications improve quality of life.
Objectives: The aim of the study was assessment of DES
prevalence among hypertensive stroke patients, who had
previously treated and non-treated hypertension
Patients and methods: Prospective study of 134
hypertensive stroke patients was carried out. (mean age
68±5.2; male/female ratio 76/58). Patients were divided
into 2 groups:
Group I - stroke patients with history of hypertension and
previously treated (71 patients) and
Group II - stroke patients with history of hypertension
which were not treated previously (63 patients).
Executive function was investigated by neuropsychological
battery tests (letter fluency, Stroop test, Wisconsin Card
Sorting test, digit span, letter number sequencing) and
Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D), Anxiety scale,
ADL Index, Barthel index.
Results: DES in hypertension-treated stroke patients was
found in 6 (8.4%), but in 11 non-treated (17.4%). Patients
with DES in both groups had more damage on the left
hemisphere, prevalence of ischemic damage with basal
ganglia lesion. Multiple linear logistic regression analysis
revealed the significant share of hypertension in the
development of DES. II group have worse ADL, Barthel
Index, higher score of anxiety.
Conclusion: Patients with non-treated hypertension have a
high risk for the development of DES, which is worsening
the outcome of stroke
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
Posters, Monday 12 September
431
P2230
P2231
A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY
INCIDENCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF
DEPRESSION DISORDERS IN ACUTE
POST-STROKE PATIENTS
AUDITORY EVOKED RESPONSES IN A
COMPLEX MODEL OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
IN RATS
J. Zhou, C. Wang, Y. Wang, PRIOD
G. Tuboly1, Z. Petrovszki2, P. Gombkötő2, A. Nagy2,
G. Benedek2, G. Horváth2
Department of Neurology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital
Medical University, Beijing, China
1Department of Neurology, 2Department of Physiology,
University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
Objective: To survey the incidence of depression disorders
within 14 days after stroke and to analyze its related factors.
Methods: 462 inpatients, which were selected from April
2008 to December 2009 in the department of Neurology in
Beijing Tiantan Hospital, 14 days post-stroke in the
department of Neurology in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, were
evaluated with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale -17 items
(HAMD) and we analyzed factors such as gender, age,
literacy, history and the type, sides or the National Institutes
of Health Stroke Scale after stroke.
Results: All the 462 patients completed HAMD scale
assessments within 14±2 days, the incidence of depression
disorder was 48.3% (n=223). 156 patients (33.8%) had mild
depression disorders, 47 (10.2%) patients had moderate
depression disorders, 4 (1.1%) patients had serious
depression disorders. The females and the patients who had
no history of drinking, had higher incidence of depression
(p<0.05). The proportion of mild, moderate and serious
depression disorders was higher in female patients (p<0.05).
The proportion of mild and moderate depression disorders
was higher in the patients graduated from elementary
school; the proportion of mild depression disorders was
higher in the patients who had history of respiratory disease
(p<0.05). 11.7% of patients (26/223) with depression
disorders were given drug intervention.
Conclusion: About 1/2 of patients had depression disorders
in acute stroke. The female patients, middle-aged and
elderly patients should be paid special attention after stroke.
At present, the intervention or treatment of depression
disorders is not enough in comprehensive hospitals.
Clinical studies have proved that schizophrenia is
accompanied by sensory gating dysfunctions. Ketamine
treatments and social isolation of rats reflect certain features
of schizophrenia, therefore, we induced schizophreniarelated alterations by subchronic ketamine treatment and
post-weaning social isolation in rats to examine their longlasting effects on auditory evoked potentials (AEP).
Methods: Male Wistar rats (21 days of age) were either
housed individually and treated with ketamine for 4 weeks
or grouped without any treatments. At the age of 11 weeks
animals were implanted with cortical electrodes. One week
later pair-click stimuli were applied and AEPs were
registered for two months. A positive peak (15ms) after the
click, followed by a negative (35ms) and a late positive one
at (60ms) could be identified. The amplitudes were
determined as differences between peaks: P1-N1; N1-P2.
Peak-latency and amplitude for the conditioning (first) and
test (second) stimuli were analyzed.
Results: The amplitude of the waves decreased significantly
after the second stimuli; however, gating of treated animals
was impaired. The latency of the first wave increased
significantly in the schizophrenic rats as well. These
changes were stable during the whole period investigated.
Our model simulates the deficit in auditory gating observed
in schizophrenia, suggesting that this paradigm might
produce an appropriate animal model of schizophrenia for
a long period. This work was supported by grants of
TÁMOP 4.2.2.-08/01-2008-0002 and a Hungarian Research
Grants (OTKA, PD75156 and K68594).
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
432
Posters, Monday 12 September
P2232
P2233
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS AND
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH
TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS
PERFORMANCE TASK ON EEG
SYNCHRONIZATION
R. Zhao1, C. Wang2
M.A. Nazari1, M. Ahmadlou2, F. Wallois3
1
Neurology Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical
College, Qingdao University, 2Qingdao Mental Health
Center, Qingdao, China
1University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 2Amirkabir University of
Technology, Tehran, Iran, 3GRAMFC, University of Picardie
Jule Verne, Amiens, France
Objective: To examine cognitive impairments and negative
emotions in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA).
Methods: Cognitive impairments and negative emotions
were assessed in 56 TIA patients and 60 healthy controls.
Cognitive impairments were tested using Montreal
Cognitive Assessment(MoCAand Mini-mental State
Examination (MMSE) negative emotions were tested using
self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety
scale (SAS).
Results:
(1) Scores of MoCA and MMSE in the TIA group were
significantly lower than those in the control group while
Scores of SDS and SAS in the TIA group were significantly
higher (p<0.01).
(2) MoCA subitems such as space/ executive function
score, named score, delayed memory score of the TIA
group were significantly lower than that of the control
group (p<0.05).
(3) MMSE subitems such as immediate memory score,
attention and calculation score, language ability score were
significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.01).
(4) The sensitivity of MoCA was obviously higher than that
of MMSE in evaluating cognitive impairment of TIA
patients (83.9% VS 60.7% , x2=6.423, p<0.05).
Conclusions: In TIA patients exist cognitive impairments
and negative emotions, and MoCA may be a better measure
to evaluate cognitive impairments of TIA patients than
MMSE.
Synchronization as a measure of quantification of
similarities in dynamic systems is an important concept in
many scientific fields such as neuroscience. A new measure
of synchronization, fuzzy SL, was used to investigate the
overall cortical functional connectivity during a cognitive
task compared to resting conditions. High-resolution
electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during eyesopen resting (EO1), continuous performance task (CPT),
and eyes-open resting again (EO2) in 16 healthy children.
Global fuzzy SL for delta and beta bands was calculated per
condition. The opposite pattern was observed within
conditions; delta increased but beta decreased from the EO1
to CPT condition. From the CPT to EO2, changes in the
synchronization were also opposite. The findings might be
interpreted as condition-specific modulation of functional
connectivity of brain neuronal networks.
P2234
THE CORRELATION OF COGNITIVE
STATUS BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH
ISCHAEMIC AND HAEMORRHAGIC
STROKE
R. Amanovic-Curuvija, S. Atic, N. Radojkovic-Gligic
Hospital for Cerebrovascular Diseases ’Sveti Sava’,
Belgrade, Serbia
P2235
Abstract cancelled
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
Posters, Monday 12 September
433
P2236
P2241
FEATURES OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS
DEPENDED ON STRUCTURAL
AFFECTIONS, VASCULARIED BY
VERTEBROBASILAR VESSELS
EXPRESSION OF microRNA 132 AND
MeCP2 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT
MOUSE BRAIN AFTER TRACE FEAR
CONDITIONING
V.A. Yavorskaya, O.B. Bondar, I.V. Pershyna
I. Liu, R. Phang, E. Wang
Neuropathology and Neurosurgery, Kharkov Medical
Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkov, Ukraine
Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University,
Hualien, Taiwan R.O.C.
P2237
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS DIFFICULTIES
IN PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA:
NONFLUENT VERSUS LOGOPENIC
R.C.A.L. Miguel1, O. Ribeiro2, G. Horácio3, L. Alves4
Neurology, Lisbon Occidental Hospital Center, Egas Moniz,
Lisbon, Portugal, 2Neuropsychology, Lisbon Occidental
Hospital Center, Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Qatar,
3Neupsychology, Lisbon Occidental Hospital Center, Egas
Moniz, 4Neurology, Lisbon Occidental Hospital Center, Egas
Moniz and Medical Science University of Lisbon, Lisbon,
Portugal
1
P2238
PROGRESSIVE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
IN A PATIENT WITH
LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY FOLLOWING
CO-INTOXICATION
H.A. Yi, H. Lee
Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center,
Daegu, Republic of Korea
P2239
DEPRESSION SELF-ASSESSMENT AND
PERFORMANCE ON THE WISCONSIN
CARD SORTING TEST IN ALCOHOLDEPENDENT PATIENTS: A POSSIBLE
RELATIONSHIP?
N. Nešić, S. Pejić
Special Hospital on Addictions, Belgrade, Serbia
P2242
FRAMES OF REFERENCE FOR
REPRESENTATION OF SUBJECTIVE
"STRAIGHT AHEAD" POSITION
O. Chelnokova1, E. Bobrova2
1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway, 2Movement Physiology Laboratory, Pavlov Institute
of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint
Petersburg, Russia
P2243
OLANZAPINE VERSUS HALOPERIDOL:
WHICH CAN CONTROL STUTTERING
BETTER?
V. Shaygannejad1,2, A. Khatoon Abadi3
1Department of Neurology School of Medicine, Isfahan
University of Medical, 2Isfahan Neuroscience Research
Center, (INRC), Isfahan, 3Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
P2244
MEMORY DYSFUNCTIONS AFTER MILD
AND MODERATE TRAUMATIC BRAIN
INJURY: COMPARISON BETWEEN
PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT FRONTAL
LOBE INJURY
O.-L. Kim
Neurosurgery, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu,
Republic of Korea
P2240
OPTIMUM CONTROL OF TOP-DOWN
ATTENTION: LEARNING FROM A
STOCHOCASTIC MODEL
G. Veneri, E. Pretegiani, F. Rosini, P. Federighi, A. Rufa,
A. Federico
Dpt Neurological Neurosurgical&Behavioural Sci,
University of Siena, Siena, Italy
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
434
Posters, Monday 12 September
P2245
P2250
COGNITIVE POTENTIALS P300 AND
ANXIETY
APHASIA AS AN INITIAL SYMPTOM OF
CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB’S DISEASE
O. Ivetic1, V. Vasic2
G. Makrydakis, E. Anyfandi, C. Liapis, A. Bonakis,
C. Routsis, A. Tsapanou, E. Spilioti, N. Kalfakis,
S. Papageorgiou
Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty
of Medicine, 2Department of Psychiatry and Medical
Psychology, Medical Faculty, Novi Sad, Serbia
1
1st Neurology Dept., University of Athens, Athens, Greece
P2251
P2246
SPECT IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF
FTD BEHAVIORAL VARIANT VS.
PSYCHOSIS: A CASE STUDY
D.M. Pavlovic1, L. Brajkovic2, A.M. Pavlovic2
1Insttitute of Neurology, University of Belgrade, Medical
Faculty, 2Institute of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia,
Belgrade, Serbia
THE GAIN MODULATION BY N-METHYLD-ASPARTATE IN THE PROJECTION
NEURONS OF ROBUST NUCLEUS OF
THE ARCOPALLIUM IN ADULT ZEBRA
FINCHES
D. Li
South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
P2252
P2247
A RARE CAUSE OF DEMENTIA
T. Gomes, F. Correia, J.M. Roriz
Neurologia, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE TWO
HEMISPHERES TO LEXICALITY EFFECT
IN READING ARABIC
R. Ibrahim
P2248
PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA:
A CASE PRESENTATION
H. Ekmekci, S. Ozturk, A. Orhan Varoglu, A. Demir
Neurology, Selcuk University Selcuklu Medical Faculty,
Konya, Turkey
P2249
A CASE OF CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS
THROMBOSIS PRESENTING AS
PSYCHOSIS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
R. Yeni Albay1, B. Ozdilek2, F. Mayda Domac2,
E. Aydin Sunbul1, S. Isitmez1, G. Unal1
Psychiatry, 2Neurology, Erenkoy Mental Research and
Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
1
The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of
Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
P2253
STATUS OF MEMORY LOSS
P.M. Iyer1, M. Farrell2, G. Mullins3, J. Moroney1,
N. Delanty1
1Neurology, 2Neuropathology, 3Neurophysiology, Beaumont
Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
P2254
A NOVEL SENSORY ODDBALL
PARADIGM FOR P300 ELICITING
K.-C. Li1, S.-C. Yeh2, K.-H. Xue1, C.-C. Chen1
1Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National
Central University, Jhongli City, 2Computer Science,
Computer Science and Information, Taoyuan, Taiwan R.O.C.
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620
Posters, Monday 12 September
P2255
P2259
NEUROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL
BEHAVIOR AND MEMORY IN RELATION
TO DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
NEUROLOGICAL AND NEUROVISUAL
DATA IN A PATIENT WITH PITUITARY
APOPLEXY: A CASE REPORT.
O. Lopatina1,2, A. Inzhutova2,3, H. Higashida1
M.G. Zhestikova1, T.V. Karpinskay2, I.I. Sholomov3,
E.A. Ganovich - Novikova4, V.A. Minenkov1
Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science
and School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan, 2Krasnoyarsk
State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. VojnoYasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 3Helsinki University,
Helsinki, Finland
1
P2256
BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER’S DRIFT
TOWARD FRONTO-TEMPORAL
DEMENTIA
P.F. Fiori1, A. Monaco1, L.M. Giannetti2
Neurology, Civil Hospital of Ariano Irpino (AV) - ASLAV II University of Naples, 2Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil
Hospital of Ariano Irpino (AV) - Social Service - ASLAV II University of Naples, Ariano Irpino, Italy
1
435
1Neurology, State Educational Establishment of Additional
Medical Education “Novokuznetsk Post-Graduate-Medical
Institute” Russian Health Care, 2MRI-Department,
Municipal Clinical Hospital, Novokuznetsk, 3Neurology,
Saratov State Medical University named after V.I.
Razumovsky, Saratov, 4Neurology, Federal State
Establishment The Rehabilitation Centre of Social Insurance
Fund of the Russian Federation «Topaz», Myski, Russia
P2260
PATHOGENESIS OF COGNITIVE
NEUROSIS-LIKE DISORDERS IN
PATIENTS WITH INITIALLY CHRONIC
VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS
N. Filippovich1, N. Stahejko2, A. Filippovich3
P2257
Belarus Medical Academy of Post Graduate Education,
Minsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Minsk, 3Republican
Scientific Practical Center of Medical Examination and
Rehabilitation, Minsk Region, Belarus
1
2
PREVALENCE OF ATTENTION DEFICIT
DISORDERS IN CHILDREN IN BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
A. Bajraktarevic1, N. Kreso Dizdarevic1, E. Lokmic1,
S. Popovic2, S. Fadilpasic2, I. Lutolli3, B. Djukic4
Pediatrics Department, Public Health Institution of Canton
Sarajevo, 2Psychiatry for Children, Clinical Medical Center
Sarajevo, 3Neuropediatrics, Pediatrics Clinic, 4Pediatrics
Department, First Medical Aid, Sarajevo, BosniaHerzegovina
1
P2258
P2261
RADIO ELECTRIC ASYMMETRIC
CONVEYOR IN THE TREATMENT OF
BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHIATRIC
SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN ELDERLY
PATIENTS
P. Mannu1, V. Fontani1, A. Castagna1, S. Rinaldi1,2
PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA:
CLINICAL, RADIOLOGICAL AND
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES
1Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Instituto Rinaldi
Fontani, 2School of Occupational Medicine, University of
Florence, Florence, Italy
H. Khiari, I. Marouani, S. Chebbi, N. Oudia, A. Cherif,
T. Bellaej, A. Mrabet, H. Khiari, I. Marouani, S. Chebbi,
N. Oudiaa, A. Cherif, T. Bellaj, A. Mrabet
Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
© 2011 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 18 (Suppl. 2), 344–620