EQUITY RESEARCH CANADIAN RESEARCH AT A GLANCE March 31, 2015 Price Target Revisions ! Alacer Gold Corp. ! Klondex Mines Ltd. Summary Copler reserve update bolsters economic potential Summary Potential for continued outperformance on operational and exploration success Summary On the road with Interfor Summary Hedged to mid 2017; FY14 results slight CF beat Summary Down by the Bay: Looking for in-line Q4 results; Focus will be on 2015 guidance Summary Driving the base while maintaining upside optionality Summary Crude Oil Inventories Continue to Rise First Glance Notes ! Interfor Corporation ! Ithaca Energy Earnings Preview ! Hudson's Bay Company Company Comments ! TransCanada Corp. Industry Comments ! Global Energy Perspectives ! Global Mining Trends & Values ! Integrated Oil and Senior E&P ! Paper & Forest Products Weekly ! RBC International E&P Daily Summary Summary So what WTIE price are the large caps discounting? Summary Summary IAE; DNO Technical Research ! It's All Relative - March 30, 2015 Summary Priced as of prior day's market close, EST (unless otherwise noted). For Required Non-U.S. Analyst and Conflicts Disclosures, see Page 10. EQUITY RESEARCH U.S. RESEARCH AT A GLANCE March 31, 2015 Ratings Revisions ! Continental Building Products, Inc. Summary Upgrading to Outperform: Free Cash Flow Story Summary Copler reserve update bolsters economic potential Summary Adjusting Estimates, Gross Margins Should Surprise to Upside. Maintain Outperform Summary Sizable Repurchase Completed As PE Investors Reduce Stake Summary 4Q/14 Key Takeaways Summary Future Upside After DOW Deal Dependent on Chlor-Alkali Market Recovery Summary Negative Pre-announcement and 3D NAND Update Summary Refinancing complete; exchange offers reduce debt by $130M Summary Highlights from Investor Meetings with ATU's CEO Summary Credit contraction concerns reduced after 3Q, but valuation still a challenge Summary On the road with Ericsson Summary Thoughts from PANW's analyst day Summary Breaking Down the Scenarios Summary Fueled by Dropdowns Summary 10K Highlights, Channel Checks, & Pangaea – Steady As She Goes Summary Driving the base while maintaining upside optionality Summary Stronger Yield vs Weaker Fundamentals Summary Turn up the volume Summary Crude Oil Inventories Continue to Rise Price Target Revisions ! Alacer Gold Corp. ! Apple Inc. ! Central Pacific Financial Corp ! Fifth Street Asset Management Inc. ! Olin Corporation ! SanDisk Corporation First Glance Notes ! Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Company Comments ! Actuant Corp. ! CarMax, Inc. ! LM Ericsson Telephone Company ! Palo Alto Networks, Inc. ! Reynolds American, Inc. ! Sunoco LP ! The Rubicon Project, Inc. ! TransCanada Corp. Industry Comments ! Diversified Metals & Mining ! European Exchanges ! Global Energy Perspectives ! Global Mining Trends & Values ! Integrated Oil and Senior E&P ! Paper & Forest Products Weekly ! RBC European Industrials Daily ! RBC International E&P Daily ! Specialty Pharmaceuticals ! We've Got Issues Summary Summary So what WTIE price are the large caps discounting? Summary Summary Philips lighting sale confirmed; RPC pre-close Summary IAE; DNO Summary Payor influence likely to provide initial push for biosimilar adoption Summary Utilities More Attractive; All Eyes on PJM Technical Research ! It's All Relative - March 30, 2015 Summary 2 EQUITY RESEARCH In-Depth Reports ! Colony Financial, Inc Summary Transformational Colony Capital Acquisition Remains a Key Positive 3 EQUITY RESEARCH UK & European Research at a Glance March 31, 2015 Ratings Revisions ! Burberry Group Plc Summary Global pricing pickle and weak sector trends should hold back stock performance Summary Cruel summer ahead Summary Refinancing complete; exchange offers reduce debt by $130M Summary Very short-life duration rail contract causes cut to Q1-3 2015/16E Summary On the road with Ericsson ! Diversified Metals & Mining ! Euro area Quarterly Outlook ! European Exchanges ! Global Mining Trends & Values ! Luxury Goods: The luxury global Summary Stronger Yield vs Weaker Fundamentals Summary Happy Jam-day! Summary Turn up the volume ! Summary Price Target Revisions ! Deutsche Post AG First Glance Notes ! Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. Company Comments ! Go-Ahead Group PLC ! LM Ericsson Telephone Company Industry Comments pricing pickle RBC Diamond News Summary Summary De Beers finds conditions tough in March Find our Research at: RBC Insight (www.rbcinsight.com): RBC's global research destination on the web. Contact your RBC Capital Markets' sales representative to access our global research site, or use our iPad App "RBC Research" Thomson Reuters (www.thomsononeanalytics.com) Bloomberg (RBCR GO) SNL Financial (www.snl.com) FactSet (www.factset.com) 4 Price Target Revisions Alacer Gold Corp.(TSX: ASR; 2.81; ASX: AQG) Dan Rollins, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-9893; [email protected] Mark Mihaljevic (Associate) (416) 842-3804; [email protected] 52 WEEKS Rating: Price Target: 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 3.50 Sector Perform 3.50 ▲ 3.25 Copler reserve update bolsters economic potential Due to the positive impact increased oxide/sulfide reserves at Copler had on our near- and long-term cash flow forecasts, we have raised our price target on Alacer to C$3.50 from C$3.25. Given the implied 25% return to our price target, we reiterate our Sector Perform recommendation. 3.15 2.80 2.45 2.10 30000 20000 10000 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks EPS, Adj Diluted Prev. 2014A 0.17 2015E 0.10 2016E 0.07↑ 0.06 2017E 0.07↑ 0.04 P/E 13.1x 21.5x 33.5x 30.1x All market data in CAD; all financial data in USD. Klondex Mines Ltd.(TSX: KDX; 2.65) Sam Crittenden, P.Eng., CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7886; [email protected] Wayne Lam, CFA (Associate) (416) 842-7840; [email protected] 52 WEEKS • Economic potential positively impacted by additional reserves • Alacer's near- and long-term cash flow potential has been enhanced as a result of the company's positive reserve update at Copler. Additional oxide reserves have extended the life of the heap leach operation and should provide greater capital flexibility during the construction and ramp-up of the Sulfide project. Given the continued use of elevated grades during initial years, the economics of the Sulfide project were enhanced by an additional 4.5 years of reserves and optimized grade profile. • Copler reserves increase 23% • Following on resource conversion, increased pad capacity and revised parameters, reserves at Copler increased 23% to 4.31 Moz. • Oxide reserves increased 30% • Sulfide reserves bolstered by 22% • Higher strip-ratio • Incremental production expected to positively impact near-term cash flows • As a result of incremental oxide production and updated grade expectations for the sulfides, we now forecast average annual production of 170 Koz (80% basis) over the next 5 years compared to 160 Koz previously. Over the same period (2015-19), total and mine-site sustaining cash costs are forecast to average $610/ oz and $715/oz which compares favourably to our previous forecasts of $635/oz and $740/oz, respectively. • Based on our revised operational assumptions, we now forecast average sustaining CFPS (operating cash flow after sustaining capital) of $0.24 through 2019, 13% higher than our previous estimate of $0.22. 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 2.60 Rating: Outperform Risk Qualifier: Speculative Risk Price Target: 3.50 ▲ 3.00 Potential for continued outperformance on operational and exploration success We see further upside potential in Klondex shares as continued production growth and exploration results could provide catalysts in 2015. Klondex is well positioned for lower gold prices due to above average grades and it has one of the highest free cash flow yields in our coverage universe. 2.40 2.20 2.00 1.80 4000 3000 2000 1000 M A M Close J J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks EPS, Adj Diluted Prev. 2014A 0.13↑ 0.10 2015E 0.37↑ 0.26 2016E 0.41↑ 0.31 2017E 0.61 M • 15% production growth in 2015: We expect production growth in 2015 as the Fire Creek and Midas mines continue to ramp up. We forecast gold equivalent production of 123koz in 2015 with cash costs of $638/oz (AuEq), up from 108koz at $679/oz in 2014. • High grades provide protection from lower gold prices: Fire Creek has a reserve grade of 45g/t AuEq with Midas at 18g/t AuEq, which is well above the industry underground mining average of 7g/t. This enables all-in sustaining cash costs in the range of $800–850/oz vs. our coverage universe average of $950/oz. 5 • 14% FCF yield for 2016: Low cash costs together with modest capital requirements result in one of the highest FCF yields in our coverage universe at 14% vs. the average of 5% (for 2016E based on $1,300/oz gold). All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. First Glance Notes Interfor Corporation(TSX: IFP; 19.97) Paul C. Quinn (Analyst) (604) 257-7048; [email protected] Hamir Patel (Analyst) (604) 257-7145; [email protected] Rating: 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 22.00 20.00 18.00 16.00 4000 3000 2000 1000 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. 52 WEEKS Rating: 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 1.60 1.20 0.80 20000 15000 10000 5000 A M Close J J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks All market data in CAD; all financial data in USD. Outperform Hedged to mid 2017; FY14 results slight CF beat 2.00 M • Q1 lumber prices looking weak – Interfor noted that increased North American (NA) lumber supply has effectively swamped the slowly recovering demand from the US housing market in early 2015 and Q1 results will be below their expectations at the start of the year. • Integration and optimization of recently acquired US sawmills is ahead of schedule – Interfor reports that its recent purchase of four sawmills from Simpson Timber (less than a month ago) is progressing extremely well. • Diversity in geography and mix a key strength - Interfor now has 2/3rds of its lumber capacity located in the US. This is a distinct advantage wrt softwood lumber duties versus WFT at 40% and CFP at 12% (growing to 23% over time). • Bottom line – Interfor remains our top idea in lumber. We see further opportunity for accretive growth through acquisitions, and expect additional margin expansion as Interfor optimizes its expanding sawmill system. Ithaca Energy(TSX: IAE; 0.59; AIM: IAE) Nathan Piper (Analyst) +44 131 222 3649; [email protected] Victoria McCulloch, CA (Analyst) +44 131 222 4909; [email protected] 2.80 2.40 Outperform On the road with Interfor M • Small cash beat in FY14 results: FY14 results were largely pre-announced, with 10,947boe/d production reflecting the contribution from the Summit acquisition completed 31 July 2014. This generated revenue of ~$379m ($100/bbl average realisation including $3/bbl hedging gain), leading to operating cashflow of ~ $153m ($0.55/share), ahead of our ($0.48/share) forecast; Ithaca ended the year with net debt of ~$763m. The ~$25m loss on earnings was a result of one-off post-tax impairments of ~$173m as oil prices declined at year-end. • $60m accelerated hedging gain realised in Q1/15: Ithaca has expanded its oil hedging and accelerated the receipt of hedging gains in Q1/15 by $60m to boost the realised gain to ~$80m in Q1/15. The company has further protected cashflows by hedging ~9,000b/d at $76/bbl from April 2015 to June 2016 (taking account of the value acceleration), plus an additional 4,000b/d at an average price of $69/bbl July 2016 to June 2017. This lowers the company's breakeven price for the existing production to under $10/bbl until Stella start-up. The company also has 20bcf of gas put options at $10/mcf for 2015/16 (benefit will be realized even without production from Stella). Earnings Preview Sabahat Khan (Analyst) (416) 842-7880; [email protected] Irene Nattel (Analyst) (514) 878-7262; [email protected] Hudson's Bay Company(TSX: HBC; 25.72) Rating: Price Target: Outperform 35.00 Down by the Bay: Looking for in-line Q4 results; Focus will be on 2015 guidance HBC will report Q4/F14 results on April 7. We are looking for Q4 EBITDA of $303MM (+19.5% YoY). Although recent discussions have focused primarily on the value of HBC's substantial real estate portfolio, at Q4 reporting we expect investor focus to be on the retail operations, progress on the core strategies, and 2015 guidance. Reiterating Outperform rating and $35 price target. 6 28.00 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 26.00 24.00 22.00 20.00 18.00 16.00 6000 4500 3000 1500 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks Revenue Prev. 4,077.0 5,223.4 8,075.8↓ 8,080.4 8,935.9↓ 8,962.4 2012A 2013A 2014E 2015E All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. • Expecting retail operations and 2015 guidance to be the focus of the Q4 release. Notwithstanding HBC's substantial real estate portfolio, ongoing improvements in the underlying retail operations remain a key driver of growth and value creation. At Q4 reporting, we expect investor focus to be on: 1) 2015 EBITDA and capex guidance; 2) retail trends YTD in both U.S. and Canada in light of the lower fuel costs and a strengthening U.S. economy; 3) inventory levels/quality coming out of the holiday selling season; 4) expected impact of the stronger USD on 2015 results; and, 5) indications of continued progress at Lord & Taylor. • Positive Q4 comps reported by peers. Recent Q4 results reported by HBC's peers reflected positive comps and higher capex budgets for 2015. We expect HBC to also report solid comps across its banners, particularly at OFF 5TH, and also expect a higher capex budget for 2015 versus prior year. JWN reported total company Q4 comps of +4.7%, which reflected +0.7% at full-line stores, +3.2% at Nordstrom Rack, and a 19% YoY increase in online sales. M reported Q4 comps of +2.5%, while JCP reported strong Q4 comps +4.4%. • Forecasting Q4 EBITDA of $302.9MM (+19.5% YoY). Looking for total sales of $2,539MM, +5.4% YoY. On a same-store basis, we are looking for +3.5% from the DSG (Hudson’s Bay, Lord & Taylor and Home Outfitters), and +3.0% at SKS. We forecast EBITDA of $302.9MM (+19.5% YoY), a tick ahead of consensus at $296.9MM. Company Comments TransCanada Corp.(TSX: TRP; 54.75; NYSE: TRP) Robert Kwan, CFA (Analyst) (604) 257-7611; [email protected] Kelsey Roste (Associate) (604) 257-7383; [email protected] Rating: Price Target: 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 Outperform 68.00 Driving the base while maintaining upside optionality We believe that investors should be attracted to the roughly 8% expected annual dividend growth on top of the almost 4% dividend yield. The base 8% dividend growth is expected to be driven by small to medium-sized projects, most of which are already under construction and upside to that is driven by the large, binary projects. 62.00 60.00 58.00 56.00 54.00 52.00 50.00 16000 12000 8000 4000 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks EPS, Adj Diluted 2013A 2.24 2014A 2.42 2015E 2.60 2016E 2.85 P/AEPS 24.4x 22.6x 21.1x 19.2x All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. M • On the road with Don Marchand. We recently hosted meetings with Don Marchand (CFO), which in our view reinforced the key messages laid out at the 2014 Investor Day, namely the roughly 8% EBITDA CAGR through 2017 driven by small to medium-sized projects, most of which are already under construction, while continuing to advance the larger, binary projects that could increase the growth rate to a 12% CAGR. • Not interested in jeopardizing the ability to fund the big projects. Given the significant magnitude of the roughly $34 billion in larger projects that face uncertain timing, the company is not interested in materially altering its financing approach or corporate structure in any way that could potentially jeopardize its ability to fund the larger projects. However, any changes remain options available to the company when there is greater clarity on the future funding needs. • TC PipeLines (TCP): the conveyor belt approach remains; we believe crisper distribution messaging may be on the way. The company continues to look to steadily dropdown its remaining natural gas pipeline assets into TCP targeted over the next two years and potentially Keystone following that. • Continuing to look for new projects with attractive returns. In particular, the company sees attractive opportunities for future investment in Mexican infrastructure that may unfold over the coming year, particularly in complex pipeline builds where there are fewer qualified parties (i.e., not a cost of capital shoot-out). Industry Comments Greg Pardy, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7848; [email protected] Global Energy Perspectives 7 Franz Hargo Muljo, CA (Associate) 416 842 8588; [email protected] Tom Callaghan, CA, CPA (Associate) (416) 842-7915; [email protected] Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (Analyst) (416) 842-7859; [email protected] Chris Drew, CFA (Analyst) +61 2 9033 3060; [email protected] Timothy Huff (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4866; [email protected] Des Kilalea (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4538; [email protected] Richard Hatch, ACA (Analyst) +44 20 7002 2111; [email protected] Ioannis Masvoulas, CFA (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4647; [email protected] Paul Hissey (Analyst) +61 3 8688 6512; [email protected] Ken Tham, CFA (Analyst) +61 2 9033 3064; [email protected] Crude Oil Inventories Continue to Rise • U.S. Commercial crude oil inventories (excluding SPR) built 8.2 mmbbl (1.8%) in the week ending March 20 (well above the expected 4.9 mmbbl build), and currently stand at 466.7 mmbbl, 22% above last year’s level and 27% above the 5year average (Exhibits 19-20). Cushing inventories increased by 1.9 mmbbl (3.5%) to 56.3 mmbbl, 98% above last year’s level and 48% above the 5-year average (Exhibits 19 & 22). Major product inventories decreased by 2.4 mmbbl this week, led by a 2.0 mmbbl draw in motor gasoline (above the expected 1.7 mmbbl draw) and a 0.3 mmbbl draw in jet fuel (Exhibits 19, 25-27). • Natural Gas Weekly Storage – Bearish. Weekly U.S. natural gas storage injection of 12 bcf in the week ending March 20 was above consensus of 8 bcf, versus last year’s same week withdrawal of 57 bcf and the 5-year average withdrawal of 16 bcf. Total working gas in storage sits at 1,479 bcf, above last year’s 896 bcf level, but below the 5-year average of 1,781 bcf. Global Mining Trends & Values • Highlights • Commodity Price Performance: • Metal prices were down on average 0.9% last week. Lead was the best performer up 4.1%, followed by copper up 3.8%, zinc up 2.7%, uranium up 0.6%, and aluminium up 0.5%. Nickel was the worst performer down 5.0%, followed by thermal coal down 4.3%, coking coal down 4.2%, iron ore down 3.6%, moly down 2.9%, silver down 1.9%, and gold down 0.5%. • Mining Share Price Performance: • Mining shares were down on average 3.2% last week. The best performing group was copper up 0.5%, followed by mineral sands down 1.9%, aluminium down 2.1%, miscellaneous down 2.8%, coal down 3.8%, iron ore down 4.6%, uranium down 5.3%, nickel down 6.9%, and the diversified group down 7.7%. • Valuation: • Mining shares are now trading at an 18.5% premium to NAV at forward curve prices, versus a 23.1% premium one week ago. • Long/Short Metal Positions: • RBC CM's proprietary data for the LME shows that the net short positions in copper and lead decreased last week. Net short positions in aluminium, zinc, and nickel were unchanged last week. • Exchange Inventories: • Total exchange inventories of aluminium, copper, and zinc decreased last week, while total inventories of nickel increased last week. Greg Pardy, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7848; [email protected] Integrated Oil and Senior E&P Franz Hargo Muljo, CA (Associate) 416 842 8588; [email protected] • Based on our net asset value analysis, our large cap independent and integrated coverage universe is currently discounting a long-term escalated WTI equivalent (WTIE) price of US$73/boe (vs. US$72/boe), up 1% from last week, and a longterm WTI price of US$87/b, unchanged from last week. • Current WTIE implied prices would compare with prior 2009–2014 YTD peak and trough levels of US$84/boe and US$61/boe, respectively, while current WTI implied prices would compare with peak and trough levels of US$102/b and US $62/b, respectively. • Spot WTIE prices of US$41/boe (vs. US$39/boe) were up 5% from last week. Long-dated (2015–2018) WTIE prices of US$51/boe were unchanged from last week. • Our implied WTIE price (defined as an equivalent barrel economically weighted approximately 75% to WTI crude oil and 25% to Henry Hub natural gas) is the long-term price incorporated into our collective net asset value analysis, which equates current share prices for our group to a P/NAV ratio of 100%. This analysis incorporates an 8.5% after-tax discount rate. Please refer to Exhibit 1 for our WTI equivalent price analysis. Tom Callaghan, CA, CPA (Associate) (416) 842-7915; [email protected] All values in USD unless otherwise noted. So what WTIE price are the large caps discounting? 8 Paul C. Quinn (Analyst) (604) 257-7048; [email protected] Hamir Patel (Analyst) (604) 257-7145; [email protected] Paper & Forest Products Weekly • Comparable valuation tables, commodity prices, and total return performance for our North American Paper & Forest Products coverage universe. Nathan Piper (Analyst) +44 131 222 3649; [email protected] RBC International E&P Daily Al Stanton (Analyst) +44 131 222 3638; [email protected] IAE.TO: Hedged to mid 2017; FY14 results slight CF beat; DNO (DNO.OL): Suspends Yemen Operations; EGY: Unsuccessful well Offshore Angola; Statoil ASA: Adds more gas offshore southern Tanzania; SK3.SG: Follow up discovery in Gulf of Thailand; GKP.L: Raises $41m; Haydn Rodgers, CA (Associate) +44 131 222 4911; [email protected] IAE; DNO Victoria McCulloch, CA (Analyst) +44 131 222 4909; [email protected] Adam Naughton (Associate) +441312223695; [email protected] All values in USD unless otherwise noted. Technical Research Robert Sluymer, CFA (Analyst) (212) 858-7066; [email protected] Anna Drotman (Associate) (212) 858-7065; [email protected] It's All Relative - March 30, 2015 OVERVIEW • Equity Markets – Equity markets have held and rallied from first support, with the S&P holding its 5-month uptrend at 2050 and the Russell 2000 bouncing from support near its recent break-out support near 1220. Regardless of whether or not Monday’s rally was quarter-end noise, there are more stocks resolving multi-month/multi-quarter trading ranges to the upside with improving relative performance than not, suggesting further upside in the coming weeks. • Group Highlights: (+) Household Durables, Homebuilders, Specialty Retail, IT Services (-) Credit Cards, Disk Drives, Tobacco. FEATURED CHARTS • DISCRETIONARY (+) Household Durables (JAH, MHK) are accelerating while Homebuilders (LEH, DHI) continue to show evidence of emerging. (+) Leading Specialty Retail (TJX, ORLY, MUSA, KMX) reaccelerating from trend after 3+ month pauses. • TECHNOLOGY (+) IT Services accelerating, led by BR and SAIC, with WU and IT emerging. (-) Disk Drives becoming oversold short-term in absolute price but relative performance continues to probe new lows: WDC, STX. • INDUSTRIALS (=/+) 12+ month downtrends in select Machinery (OSK, TEX) showing very early signs of basing/bottoming. • ENERGY (=/+) NFX rallies above its 200-dma, XEC rallies into its next resistance level just below its 200-dma. • FINANCIALS (-) Credit Cards (AXP, COF) becoming oversold short-term in absolute price but relative performance remains weak. • STAPLES (-) Tobacco – Another group becoming oversold short-term in absolute price but relative performance remains weak: MO, PM. 9 Required disclosures Non-U.S. analyst disclosure Nathan Piper;Al Stanton;Haydn Rodgers;Victoria McCulloch;Adam Naughton;Sam Crittenden;Wayne Lam;Robert Kwan;Kelsey Roste;Greg Pardy;Franz Hargo Muljo;Tom Callaghan;Dan Rollins;Mark Mihaljevic;Fraser Phillips;Chris Drew;Timothy Huff;Des Kilalea;Richard Hatch;Ioannis Masvoulas;Paul Hissey;Ken Tham;Paul C. Quinn;Hamir Patel;Sabahat Khan;Irene Nattel (i) are not registered/qualified as research analysts with the NYSE and/or FINRA and (ii) may not be associated persons of the RBC Capital Markets, LLC and therefore may not be subject to FINRA Rule 2711 and NYSE Rule 472 restrictions on communications with a subject company, public appearances and trading securities held by a research analyst account. Conflicts disclosures This product constitutes a compendium report (covers six or more subject companies). As such, RBC Capital Markets chooses to provide specific disclosures for the subject companies by reference. To access current disclosures for the subject companies, clients should refer to https://www.rbccm.com/GLDisclosure/PublicWeb/DisclosureLookup.aspx?entityId=1 or send a request to RBC CM Research Publishing, P.O. Box 50, 200 Bay Street, Royal Bank Plaza, 29th Floor, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2W7. 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