1. No category

New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Book 3
Ch 22 Respiration
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions (p. 22-35)
1 C
2 B
3
6 A
7 B
8
A
D
4
C
5
A
Short questions (p. 22-36)
9 a To show that carbon dioxide has been removed from the air entering flask C. (1)
b It turns cloudy / milky. (1)
c Respiration (1)
d Glucose / sugar (1)
e The energy is used to make new cells / for growth / movement / reproduction. (1)
10 a
b
11 a
b
c
12 a
b
c
d
A: inner membrane
B: matrix (1)
A: oxidative phosphorylation
B: Krebs cycle (1)
Anaerobic respiration / alcoholic fermentation in yeast (1)
produces carbon dioxide. (1)
ii Tube B is warmer than tube A, (1)
so enzyme activity / rate of chemical reactions is higher. (1)
There is no glucose. (1)
There is no change / same as C / the balloon does not inflate. (1)
i
Cytoplasm (1)
Enzyme / ATP / ADP / NAD (1)
X: pyruvate (1)
Y: ethanol (1)
(Arrow points out from the 2nd box, showing carbon dioxide and water are produced.) (1)
13 HKALE Biology 2012 I Q1
14 HKDSE Biology Practice Paper 2012 IB Q2
(a) (Palisade / spongy) mesophyll cell* (1)
(b)
Structure Process of ATP synthesis
Q (1)
oxidative phosphorylation (1)
S (1)
photophosphorylation / photochemical reactions (1)
P (1)
substrate level phosphorylation / glycolysis (1)
any 2 sets
(1), (1) x2
Max. (4)
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New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Book 3
Structured questions (p. 22-38)
15 a
Step
Reason for step
1
Allow seeds to germinate
2
Kill seeds / set up control
3
Remove / kill surface bacteria
3
b To trap any heat produced by the seeds. 1
c To allow carbon dioxide to escape. / To allow air / oxygen to enter the flask. 1
So the seeds will not be killed / to allow gas release / to prevent explosion.
1
d The temperature of the flask containing germinating seeds increases / is higher. / The
temperature of the flask containing dead seeds decreases / is lower. 1
This is because respiration releases heat. 1
16 HKALE Biology 2009 I Q5
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New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Book 3
17 HKDSE Biology 2012 IB Q9
(a) Drug X inhibited glycolysis (1)
as glycolysis is the first step in the respiratory pathway, the inhibition of glycolysis will halt
the processes that follow (1), i.e. Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
hence, the overall production of pyruvate, ATP and NADH are greatly reduced (1), showing
that the whole respiratory pathway was jeopardized.
OR
Pyruvate is the product of glycolysis. (1)
As the production of pyruvate is greatly reduced after treating with drug X. (1)
Glycolysis was inhibited in this case. (1)
(b) drug Y inhibited Krebs cycle (1)
when the respiratory pathway is halted at Krebs cycle, pyruvate will not be metabolised (1)
but glycolysis still proceeds as usual and produce pyruvate (1), as a result, pyruvate will
accumulate.
(c) in anaerobic conditions, muscle cells undergoes anaerobic respiration which produce less
ATP (1) and less NADH (1) than that of aerobic respiration.
lactic acid level rises as it is a product of anaerobic respiration. (1)
(d) glycolysis: cytoplasm (1)
Krebs cycle: mitochondrial matrix (1)
oxidative phosphorylation: mitochondrial inner membrane (1)
(12 marks)
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New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Book 3
18 HKALE Biology 2008 II Q2
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New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Book 3
 Oxford University Press 2014
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New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Book 3
Essays (p. 22-40)
19 HKALE Biology 2011 II Q6a
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New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Book 3
20 HKALE Biology 2010 II Q7
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New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition)
Book 3
Reading to learn (p. 22-41)
1
Muscle glycogen is converted to glucose. 1
Glucose is then completely broken down through glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative
phosphorylation to yield ATP. 1
2
Carbohydrate loading refers to having a diet with greatly increased amount of carbohydrates
several days before an endurance sport event. 1
The high intake of carbohydrates increases muscle glycogen levels above normal, so that the
time for depletion of muscle glycogen during endurance sport is delayed. 1
3
Muscle glycogen is converted to glucose. 1
Glucose is partly broken down to release energy by anaerobic respiration / lactic acid
fermentation. 1
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