New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition) Book 3 Ch 24 Non-infectious diseases and disease prevention Exercise Multiple-choice questions (p. 24-21) 1 2 B C 3 A Short questions (p. 24-21) 4 a b Uncontrolled cell division / mitosis / produces a mass of cells / a tumour. / The tumour cells cannot carry out normal functions. / They all originate from a single cell. / They are more likely to occur in areas with more cell division. / Mutation is associated with uncontrolled cell division. (any 3) @(1) × 3 = (3) Radiotherapy affects dividing cells. / Cancer cells are more susceptible to radiation than normal cells. / Radiotherapy damages the DNA / chromosomes. / By decreasing the diameter of blood vessels, the cancer cells are deprived of oxygen / glucose / nutrients. / Respiration in the cancer cells is reduced. / Waste products / Carbon dioxide cannot be removed from the cancer cells. / This will stop the spread of cancer cells / because the cancer cells are lack of energy / ATP for mitosis / DNA replication / cell division. This will kill the cancer cells. (any 3) @(1) × 3 = (3) 5 HKDSE Biology Practice Paper 2012 IB Q7 (a) (i) Coronary artery (1) (ii) The workload of the heart muscle cells is increased during exercise. (1) Narrowing of artery X results in a reduced blood flow to the heart muscles, and thus reducing the supply of oxygen and glucose to the heart muscle cells. (1) Some heart muscle cells may die. (1) Thus, Mr. Chan may suffer from a heart attack during vigorous exercise. (b) (i) The carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke will reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. / Quitting smoking reduces the amount of carbon monoxide inhaled, and hence helps increase the blood oxygenation. (1) (ii) A low fat diet reduces the chance of fatty substances in the diet being deposited on the wall inside the coronary artery. (1) 6 a i Group 1: To see the normal response / non-diabetic response / as a comparison with the diabetic response. (1)  Oxford University Press 2014 - 26 - New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition) Book 3 b 7 a b 8 a b Group 3: To ensure that any difference was due to exenatide / not due to salt / as a comparison to show the effect of exenatide on diabetes / to ensure the effect was not psychosomatic / to see the placebo effect. (1) ii Persons of different masses will have different amounts of insulin secreted. / Larger persons secrete more insulin. / It provides a basis for comparisons between different persons. (1) Exenatide increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cells to glucose. / It increases insulin secretion by the pancreas / causes diabetics to have similar insulin production as healthy people / non-diabetics / Group 1. / There is more stimulation of body cells. / More glucose is taken in from the blood. / The blood glucose level is lowered / kept at a normal level. / A diabetic can consume more carbohydrate / does not need a special diet / will not develop symptoms. (any 3) @(1) × 3 = (3) Corn oil containing plant sterols lowers the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. (1) Adding sterols alone reduces the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. (1) Corn oil without sterols leads to a higher concentration of cholesterol in the blood. / This proves that corn oil is the substance responsible for the increased concentration of cholesterol. (1) Amount of margarine eaten / amount of cholesterol in the diet / genetic predisposition / age / gender / amount of exercise / smoking (or other reasonable answers) (1) The tumour is smaller. (1) The tumour cells have not spread. (1) If the vaccine is given to boys, women will not get HPV infection from men. (1) Structured questions (p. 24-23) 9 HKDSE Biology 2012 IB Q7 (a) despite an increase in blood glucose level was detected in Tom’s blood, his insulin level was lower than that of the healthy person. (1) and the insulin level only showed little change. (1) this showed that Tom failed to produce the normal amount of insulin. (1) therefore, Tom suffered from insulin-dependent diabetes. (1) (b) with insufficient insulin, his body cells would not take up extra glucose from the blood as efficiently as the healthy person. (1) as a result, the blood glucose concentration rised to a higher level (1) after glucose consumption and remained high for a longer time / decreased slower than the healthy person. (1) (c) by injection of insulin / aerosal spray of insulin applied to nasal cavity. (1) (8 marks) 10 HKCEE Biology 2010 I Q4 (a) Overweight people may have higher chances of a heart attack (1)  Oxford University Press 2014 - 27 - New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition) Book 3 (b) To serve as a control group for comparing the exercise group with those that have not participated in the exercise programme (1) / to show the result is due to the effect of exercise (c) Equally divide the overweight people into groups 1 (exercise group) and 2 (non-exercise group) (1) in a randomly way (1) (d) (i) Group 1 : 25.64% (1) (78 - 58) ÷ 78 ≈ 25.64% (ii) Group 2: 1.33% (1) (75 - 74) ÷ 75 ≈ 1.33% (e) Only overweight people are involved in this study. The conclusion is not applicable to all people The chances of a heart attack may be affected by other factors that are not investigated / controlled in this study (e.g. genetic factors, sex, age, lifestyle, eating habit) The measured parameters, % reduction in blood fat/ blood pressure/ mean heart rate, may not necessarily relate to the chances of a heart attack. any two (1) x2 (or any other reasonable answers) Total: 8 marks 11 a b c 21.6 / 10.1 (1) = 2.14 times (1) Radiation increases the risk of cancer. / There is still a risk of developing cancer for non-smokers with no radon exposure. / The risk of developing cancer doubles for smokers and non-smokers when they are exposed to 800 Bq m–3 of radiation. / There is a greater risk for smokers at all doses. (any 3) @ (1) × 3 = (3) No: (1) There is little risk for non-smokers, so it does not worth it. / Other environmental factors have greater impact, so we should spend the money there. / Most people do not spend all their time at home. / Smokers choose to smoke, so public funds are not warranted. / Smokers should be advised to put the trap in by themselves. / There is only one study, so we do not know if the problem is widespread. / We do not know how many people were studied, so we might need a larger sample to show the risk. (any 2 or other reasonable answers) @ (1) × 2 = (2) OR Yes: (1) Any increase in risk affects a lot of people. (1) Lung cancer is very serious. (1)  Oxford University Press 2014 - 28 - New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition) Book 3 Essay (p. 24-24) 12 HKALE Biology 2008 II Q8  Oxford University Press 2014 - 29 - New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition) Book 3  Oxford University Press 2014 - 30 - New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology (Second Edition) Book 3 Reading to learn (p. 24-25) 1 2 3 The diets of Asians become westernized (high in animal fats and low in dietary fibre). / Asians are having less exercise. / More Asians smoke or drink. (any 2 or other reasonable answers) @(1) × 2 = (2) Screening allows detection of polyps, if any, in the colon or rectum. (1) Polyps can be removed before cancer develops. (1) Reduce the intake of animal fats and include more dietary fibre in the diet. / Exercise regularly. / Do not smoke nor drink. (any 2 or other reasonable answers) @ (1) × 2 = (2)  Oxford University Press 2014 - 31 -