Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES CBI MARKET SURVEY LUGGAGE AND LEATHER GOODS THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES Publication date: March 2010 Report summary This CBI market survey discusses the following highlights for the EU market for wallets and purses: • The EU market for wallets and purses was worth almost € 1.5 billion in 2008. Approximately 79% of this was sold in the six selected countries, of which the France was the largest. Production of wallets and purses increased by an average of 7.1% in the EU and was valued at € 856 million in 2008, although volumes were falling. Italy was the largest producer and made high quality and fashionable wallets and purses. • More than three-quarters of all wallets and purses were sold through non-specialist outlets, especially department stores and market stalls. Specialist chain stores were still an important channel in Italy and Spain. A growing proportion of sales were sold through non-specialist outlets and direct (Internet). • Imports of wallets and purses into the EU were valued at € 1.2 billion in 2008 (72 thousand tonnes), an average annual increase of 11% since 2004. Volumes have increased by 5.8% since 2004. o Although EU imports from developing countries increased between 2004 and 2008, the share of developing countries in EU imports increased only marginally from 49% (74% by volume) in 2004 to 50% (74% by volume) in 2008. They were valued at € 611 million in 2008. Nevertheless, supplies of wallets and purses from developing countries, led by China and India, have an important impact on the operation of the consumer market in many EU countries. This survey aims to provide developing-country exporters of wallets and purses with productspecific market information related to gaining access to the EU market(s). By focusing on the EU market(s) for one product(group), this document provides additional in-depth information, complementary to the more general information and data provided in the CBI market survey ‘The luggage and leather goods market in the EU’, which can be downloaded from http://www.cbi.eu/marketinfo Detailed information on the wallets and purses is given in Appendix A. This survey discusses the EU in general and the following markets in particular: Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands. 1 Market description: consumption and production Consumption Total market size In 2008, retail sales of wallets and purses in the EU were estimated at almost € 1.5 billion, of which 79% was sold in the six selected countries. Between 2004 and 2008, total EU consumption was broadly unchanged, but increases were experienced in France, the UK and Spain, while sales fell in Italy, Germany and the Netherlands, as is shown in Table 1.1. The market had grown up to 2007 because of a boom in credit/bank, ID and loyalty card use, which require wallets to store these cards. However, sales have fallen back during 2008. Most wallets and purses have separate compartments to store cards. As people carry an excess of cards, there has been additional demand for credit card holders and larger slim-line wallets but a shift away from purses that are not designed to easily accommodate cards. Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 1 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES Table 1.1 Consumption of wallets and purses in the major EU markets in 2004 - 2008, € million / % change by value Total EU France € million 2004 € million 2008 1,461 1,463 219 255 Average ann. change +0.0% Population (million) 2008 496.3 Consumption per capita € 2008 2.95 +3.9% 63.6 4.01 United Kingdom 220 250 +3.2% 61.0 4.10 Italy 252 232 -2.0% 59.4 3.91 Germany 233 200 -3.7% 82.3 2.43 Spain 170 189 +2.7% 44.9 4.21 -3.1% 16.4 2.26 Netherlands 42 37 Source: Euromonitor, Hong Kong Trade Council, Trade estimates (2009) Wallets and purses represented approximately 14% of sales of luggage and leather goods, with significant variations between countries. More information can be found in Chapter 1.1 of the CBI market survey ‘The luggage and leather goods market in the EU’. There are no statistics available on the consumption by type of wallet or purse. However, EU imports by material may provide an insight into breakdown by product group. In 2008, EU imports of wallets and purses were sub-divided as follows: • Wallets and purses of leather - 52% of the total value of EU imports (22% by volume). • Wallets and purses of fabric - 19% of the total value (26% by volume). • Wallets and purses of plastic sheeting - 23% of the total value (39% by volume). • Wallets and purses of vulcanised fibre, paper or paperboard - 6% of value (13% by volume). Per capita consumption of wallets and purses is higher than the EU average in Spain, the UK, France and Italy, where style and brand play a more important role. However, most consumers in the other countries regard this as less important, because wallets and purses are kept mainly out of sight in pockets or in bags. Generally, most people in EU countries have a traditional taste and buy wallets and purses for practical reasons, or, when their existing one has worn out. Nevertheless, both wallets and purses remain popular gift items for birthdays and Christmas, especially for men. Purses accounted for 55% of the UK small accessories market (by value) in 2006. More than half was made of leather. However, the share of purses has declined, due to the boom in credit cards. Many purses previously did not have space to hold credit cards. Nowadays the purse segment has regained share by becoming more diversified. There are ‘wallet style’ purses, which have a credit card compartment. In addition, purses are made of different materials, which are popular among teenagers and young women. Leather purses are most popular for women. They are soft and supple to touch, and are made from sheep leather, cow hide, Italian leather, goat nappa etc and are available in many colours such as maroon, saddle, black, brown, cherry, red and many other innovative colours or in contrast. There are many other purse styles available, the most popular of which are coin purses, cigar box purses, monogrammed purses, quilted purses, sequin purses, licensed plate purses, photo purses and even dog purses. They tend to have the following features: • Sleek and slim designs. • Multiple compartments with dividers. • Internal linings of satin, silk and velvet. • Internal compartments with zipped or buttoned pockets. • Outer pockets which are multi functional and numerous. • Purses close with a central zip or flaps with magnetised buttons. Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 2 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES Wallets accounted for 45% of the UK small accessories market (by value) in 2006 of which 60% were made of leather. The larger traditional style wallets remain a popular gift item for men. The size of wallets has become smaller with less space for cards. ‘Billfolds’ with compartments for coins and credit cards remain most popular for men. Fashion wallets are part of fashion accessories and they can match with your outfit. There are designs with patterns such as snakeskin and deer skin in blacks, browns, grays, maroons and in almost all colours. The inclination is to have a wallet that includes an organiser that fits in pockets and has the capacity to hold cash, change, bank and store cards, and even larger items such as a cheque book. It should fold to less space than its actual size. There are two fold and three fold wallets, and occasionally more. Many wallets and purses have a transparent window for an ID card, bus/train pass or photo. Men generally keep change in pockets and prefer a slim-line wallet or billfold for credit cards and banknotes. Despite their appeal to fashion, wallets and purses are viewed as essential items. They are in daily use and need to be replaced. The average woman owns at least three purses, although male ownership of wallets is lower. Higher quality items are appreciated for their aesthetic appeal as well as their practical uses, although more consumers are drawn to this segment by lower prices and a wider choice of styles. This is particularly the case in parts of Eastern Europe. Sales are also driven by increased population, and they may be more resiliant to the economic downturn than other products such as luggage. Market outlook The market did not increase in value in 2009, and sales will also struggle in 2010. It may be 2011 before growth in the market resumes. However the products in this market are evolving due to the growth in small electronic devices that consumers now carry with them. This will result in more small bags that can contain both small phones, iPods as well as cash and cards. There will continue to be a large market for higher quality small leather goods, primarily for older consumers, but lower-priced imports will continue to make inroads into the market as these are popular with younger people with less disposable income. Market segmentation The wallets and purses market can be segmented in a number of different ways. • Demographic segmentation This is the most basic way in which this market can be segmented. The majority of purses are made for females, primarily women, but there is a growing market for purses for younger teenagers and girls. There are bright, colourful purses designed specifically for younger children in mind. Many of these products take advantage of popular licensed characters as part of the purse’s design. According to a survey by market research specialist Mintel done in 2007, 37% of British women aged between 15-24 years bought a purse or a wallet in that year. Men tend to buy wallets, but an increasing number of women are also buying wallets, particularly with the greater use of credit cards, as well as the trend to more casual dress. This means it is more practical to carry a wallet in a pocket, whereas a purse would tend to be used in conjunction with a handbag. Men tend to spend more money on a wallet and make it last longer, whereas women tend to own a number of different purses. • Segmentation by price/fashion level There is a high correlation between the price of a wallet or purse and its fashionability. This can provide a more detailed analysis of the market than the more straightforward genderbased segmentation as outlined above. o Low price/fashion. In this segment imports from Asia dominate, with most non-leather items coming from China and cheaper leather items coming from India. Leather is still seen as a mark of quality and durability within this segment. There is a growing demand for items made of soft leather. Younger people and those on lower incomes would tend to purchase these products. Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 3 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES o o Medium price/fashion. Dark colours such as black or brown remain the most popular. Some people pay attention to brands, especially in Italy, the UK, Spain and the Netherlands. However, the majority of items sold are unbranded or are private labels of department stores. Discretion and practicality are key elements and women prefer a wallet or purse with a separate zip section. For younger people style is more important and purses or wallets should follow the seasonal fashion trends. High price/fashion. At the higher end of the market, fashion and brand play a major role with influences from Italian and French couturiers. Well-known international brand names (Gucci, Hermes, Louis Vuitton) and designer names (Versace, Dolce&Gabana, Armani, Hugo Boss,) dominate this segment. In addition, fashion magazines such as Elle and Marie Claire have their own leather goods collections that include wallets and purses. Items are made of high quality leather and some of them include well-designed metal parts, zippers or clasps, while others are simple. Consumers are prepared to pay for the best for a particular brand. In Italy, France and the UK this segment is important, as it sets the trends in the other segments. In other EU countries, this high price/fashion segment is smaller. Market trends Trends can vary between countries but they are increasingly visible across national frontiers as most trends are now internationalised. • More design elements are being built into wallets and purses, mirroring design developments in handbags. Textured, embossed and printed surfaces, as well as various hardware embellishments are being used to provide greater choice. Design styles include the business style, mainly traditional blacks or browns; the fun style, mainly whimsical designs, floral embellishments and pastel designs and vintage purses, sometimes beaded, embroidered, fur trimmed and carved mother of pearl or wooden handles. Niche designs remain popular. Novelty design elements for coin purses, key fobs and mobile phone holders in the form of animals or fruit or similar images sell well, particularly as a Christmas gift. • New materials. Leather continues to be the most popular material, but the economic slowdown, as well as new technological developments in new materials such as microfibres are starting to challenge the dominance of leather. • Recycled materials. This is part of the trend towards greater interest by consumers in ethical products and environmentally-friendly products. There has been a number of products, mainly purses, made from recycled materials that are starting to make an impact in this sector. • More flexibility. New products are appearing that also include straps for wallets or purses that enable the user to attach it to the outside of your clothing or around your shoulder. Smaller wallets are also appearing that meet the demand for travelling as light as possible. Another related new product is designed to be worn on your wrist and be able to hold a mobile phone, iPod, cash, credit cards and keys. • Clear travelgoods are selling well due to travel restrictions that require liquid and cosmetic products to be visible when passing through security checkpoints in airports. • Increasing role of the Internet. Sales via the Internet are growing strongly as consumers increasingly trust this medium. They also choose the Internet as it is perceived as a lower cost sales channel than traditional retailers, as well as more convenient. This convenience is experienced in terms of online viewing of wallets and purses. It saves time compared with traditional shopping. Photographs of these products on websites have significantly improved in quality, and the number of websites and blogs relating to trends is a powerful mechanism for finding out about the latest new products. • Data-safe wallets. A new developments in wallets has resulted in the launch of a range of products that are designed to protect against identity theft and credit card fraud. This has been achieved by incorporating a radio frequency blocking material into the material that the wallets are made with. Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 4 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES Production Total production Small leather goods, which mainly consists of wallets and purses, accounts for a relatively small proportion of luggage and leather goods production in the EU. In 2008, it was valued at € 856 million. This figure includes the production in the major EU markets, accounting for well over 90% of this value, as well as the production in Romania, the Czech Republic, Poland and Portugal where wallets and purses are an important element. In 2008, the share of small leather goods in EU production averaged 18% of the total production value, compared with 16% in 2004. There have been the following changes to the production in the selected countries since 2004. • In Italy, wallets and purses production share in total EU production of wallets and purses has increased from 16% to 17%. • In France, wallets and purses production share has increased from 12% to 18%. • In Spain, wallets and purses production share has decreased from 26% to 25%. • In the UK, wallets and purses production share has decreased from 27% to 18%. • In Germany, wallets and purses production share has remained at around 6%. • There was no production of wallets and purses in the Netherlands. Table 1.2 Production of wallets and purses in the major EU markets, 2004 - 2008, € million, % change by value Average ann. change +7.1% 2004 value 651 2004 volume 10 2008 value 856 2008 volume 9 Italy 322 6 479 4.5 +10.4% France 131 2 180 1.7 +8.3% Spain 108 1.2 107 0.8 -0.2% 46 0.3 29 0.3 -10.9% 0.1 10 10 0 Netherlands 0 0 Source: Eurostat, National Statistics, Trade estimates (2009) 0.1 +0.0% 0 +0.0% Total EU United Kingdom Germany Eurostat does not provide information on the material used in the production of wallets and purses, although globally 30% of all wallets and purses are made of leather. Consequently this share is likely to be higher in EU production. Production statistics also do not provide information on the type of items produced. It can be assumed that much of EU production of fashionable and high quality wallets and purses comes from Italy and France, while other EU countries such as Germany mainly produce the traditional classic styles. It is expected that the Italian and French industries are in a stronger position to survive than other countries, although Spain also has a relatively strong production base. The size of their industries, their reputation in the global market and the appeal of their brands give these countries a distinct advantage over other countries that are less established in this industry. Other countries will face difficulties in the future to maintain their production. In addition, the whole luggage and leather goods sector is expected to suffer from falling exports to non-EU destinations due to the current strong value of the Euro against other leading currencies. Wallets and purses do not cost too much to produce and are not too difficult to make; they are light in weight and easy to transport over long distances. This implies that production can be done wherever labour costs are lowest, which means in Asian countries, Africa, Latin America or in (former) Eastern EU countries. Main and interesting players Many manufacturers of wallets and purses act more as importers and produce their items elsewhere. Very often, they are also involved in the manufacture/import of other small Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 5 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES accessories such as belts, holders, pouches, folders and portfolios as well as handbags. In the selected countries, in addition to the main trade associations, there are a number of companies that may be worth contacting, either to develop business, or for market advice: • In Italy, Tuscany Leather - http://www.tuscanyleather.it - is a company that presents leather goods made from a range of producers in this important manufacturing area of Italy. Giudi – http://www.giudi.it - supplies a range of quality bags and small leather goods for men and women. • In France, leading companies such as Louis Vuitton - http://www.louisvuitton.com - are based here. Hermes - http://www.hermes.com - is an important producer. Goyard http://www.goyard.fr - also offers small leather goods in a classic/colonial style. • In Spain, Gabol – http://www.gabol.es - produces small leather goods and handbags. • In Germany, many producers supply a wide range of leather-based items. Beadbags http://www.beadbags.de - is a producer of bags and small leather goods. • In the UK, the most well-known brand is Burberry, but a number of wallets and purses producers are also based here, including Jane Shilton - http://www.janeshilton.co.uk and Radley – http://www.radleyandco.com. • No further detail within the Netherlands is provided due to the very small size of their production industry. Trends in production Production of wallets and purses in the EU are not significant, especially when compared to handbags. Although production value has increased, there has been a gradual decrease in production volume. Most production of these products have been made of leather, but competition from low cost imports, particularly made of other materials has made it very difficult for many producers to stay in business. There is an increasing trend of higher quality leather items also being produced outside of the EU. Therefore, EU producers increasingly have to specialise, or focus on the high-end of the market to survive, for example, by working together or by working with fashion houses or with designers. Opportunities and threats + Many opportunities will be found by DC exporters by considering the possibilities that have been created by the growing demand for eco-friendly small leather goods, whether they are made of recycled materials, or using more environmentally-friendly production processes. + Opportunities are found by keeping a close eye on the latest fashion trends. For example the children’s sector for purses is very fashion sensitive. This may involve a new colour for a season, or a new character that has become popular from a TV programme. + Opportunities exist for leather goods manufacturers if they can find a partnership with a manufacturer in an EU country who needs to find a lower cost source of production, while opportunities exist for exporters who have access to the latest developments in new materials and can demonstrate market advantages that derive from these new materials. + More opportunities appear to come from interest in this product group shown by women rather than men. Women are more interested in changes in fashion and will find uses for different purses on different occasions, whereas men would tend to use the same wallet until it needs replacing. + The giftware segment remains an interesting channel for exporters as it is perhaps more fragmented than the mainstream consumer market and exporters may find it easier to reach the buyer. The same development or trend can be an opportunity for one exporter and a threat for another. Exporters should therefore analyse if the developments and trends discussed in this chapter provide opportunities or threats. The outcome of this analysis depends on each exporter’s specific circumstances. See Chapter 7 of the EU survey ‘The luggage and leather goods market in the EU’ for more information on opportunities and threats. Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 6 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES Useful sources • There are a number of commercial research organisations that produce reports on the small accessories market, including wallets and purses, but these can only be obtained at a cost. They include Mintel - http://www.mintel.co.uk - and Keynote http://www.keynote.co.uk. • Note this market is often studied alongside the market for clothing or other fashion accessories. There are many similarities in the supply and the distribution chain. • Production information can be obtained from Eurostat as well as National Statistics websites of the countries in question. • The French Fashion Institute - http://www.ifm-paris.com - produces market reports on fashion accessories, as well as producing a market review for Interselect http://www.interselection.net, the international fashion show for multiple retailers. • Seasonal trends of total outfits including small accessories can be found at the fashion forecasts that can be downloaded from the CBI site, at the sites http://www.vogue.com and http://www.indiadesignclub.com. 2 Trade channels for market entry Trade channels Wallets and purses are primarily sold through department stores, variety stores, market stalls, luggage and leather goods specialists. Purses are purchased by women, so distribution tends to follow the pattern of department stores and womenswear retailing. Men’s wallets are sold through the equivalent menswear channels. The most important channel to enter the wallets and purses market is the direct channel (with retailers). Non-specialist retailers dominate however, but this varies between countries. Some large retailers and many service companies import direct from manufacturers overseas. See Chapter 3 of the CBI market survey ‘The luggage and leather goods market in the EU’ for more information on trade channels. The indirect channel, or via a wholesaler or importer, is still the most important channel to enter the wallets and purses market in Italy and Spain. In these countries, small wholesale and retail specialists are as important as department stores. Unlike other parts of the EU, there are fewer specialist chains. The wholesale sector serves these small retail specialists and they often do not require large quantities. Other important channels for wallets and purses are service companies, such as premium companies, oil companies, airlines and credit card companies. The role of agents is still important in the high price/fashion segment, where exclusivity plays a role. However, in western and northern EU countries their influence has decreased due to the growth of large retailers. Still, wholesalers continue to be an alternative intermediary to large retailers. Buying groups are important in some countries, particularly in Germany and the Netherlands. Interesting wholesalers and importers in the selected countries include: • In Italy, La Veneziana - http://www.laveneziana.com - is an importer of fashion accessories, including wallets and purses. • In France, Le Site du Sentier - http://www.le-sentier-paris.com - is a wholesaler of wallets and purses and a wide range of other accessories. • In Spain, DCM Argentona - http://www.dcmargentona.com - is a distributor and wholesaler of fashion accessories, including wallets, in the Barcelona region. • In Germany, Cheema Impex - http://www.cheema-impex.de - is a wholesaler of leather goods including wallets and purses. • In the UK, Taurus Leather - http://www.taurus-leather.co.uk - is a major supplier of leather goods to the UK market. Wholesalers can also be found at http://www.thewholesaler.co.uk/trade/distributor/Leather_Goods_Wholesalers/. • In the Netherlands, Gift House - http://www.gifthouse.nl - is a well known premium company that imports a range of items that include wallets. Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 7 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES Retail trade In the low to middle segments, department stores remain the most important sales channel, as is shown in Figure 2.1. They are able to update regularly the ranges to reflect changing consumer tastes. They are also able to offer a wide range of items at various prices. Market stalls remain a popular place by most consumers to buy wallets and purses. At each market there is at least one stall selling a full range of wallets, purses, handbags, rucksacks and shopping bags at low prices. It is very difficult to quantify the level of sales though this channel, but in 2008 it was estimated at 13% of EU retail sales of wallets and purses. Recently market stalls have to deal with competition from others, particularly from supermarkets and hypermarkets. Retailers have been reducing lead times and improving procedures in buying and merchandising to bring products earlier to market, especially at the peak season. As wallets and purses are small in size, they take up little space in a shop. Other retailers increasingly stock a limited range of items, especially clothing and shoe shops, other shops (accessory chains, gift shops, chemists and stationery shops) which now represent a substantial proportion of wallets and purses sales as is shown in Figure 2.1. Sales by leather goods specialists was confined to 20%, while direct sales are expected to grow further in the next few years. In the middle and higher segments, celebrities exert a major influence in the wallets and purses market, but other media influences such as magazines also strongly affect what sells. In fact, women in particular have driven the growth of ‘fast’ fashion. Figure 2.1 Wallets and purses distribution in the EU by different channel, % value 2008 Super/ Hyper market 8% Other shops 11% Market stalls 13% Direct sales 8% Leather goods shops 20% Clothing/ Shoe shops 9% Department stores 31% Source: Trade Estimates (2009) Key players in the selected markets • In Italy, La Rinascente - http://www.rinascente.it - and Gruppo Coin are the leading department stores - http://www.gruppocoin.it. • In France, Galeries Lafayette - http://www.galerieslafayette.com - is the leading department store group, Monoprix - http://www.monoprix.fr - a leading variety store, while Carrefour - http://www.carrefour.fr - is the leading hypermarket. • In the UK, Marks & Spencer - http://www.marksandspencer.com - and John Lewis http://www.johnlewis.com - are the leading department stores, while accessory specialists include Accessorize - http://www.accessorize.co.uk - and Claire’s Accessories http://www.clairs.com. Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 8 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES • • • In Germany, Kaufhof - http://www.kaufhof.de - is the leading department store chain. Goldkrone - http://www.goldkrone.de - is the leading buying group. El Cortes Ingles - http://www.elcorteingles.es - is the leading department store chain in Spain. Inditex - http://www.inditex.es - which includes Zara, and Cortefiel http://grupocortefiel.com - are the other two leading fashion and clothing retailers that dominate the Spanish retail market. In the Netherlands, Bijenkorf - http://www.bijenkorf.nl - and V&D http://www.vroomendreesmann.nl - are the leading department stores. Buying groups are also important. Price structure Margins on small accessories, including wallets and purses have been falling in recent years. This has tended to result in producer prices being squeezed. However, it is not just producers who have been hit. Many retailers have also had to reduce their margins, sometimes to levels they are unable to afford, in order to remain competitive. The ultimate beneficiary of these falling margins is the consumer. In each trade channel different margins and prices apply. If wallets and purses are imported by a retailer who buys from a wholesaler, the multiples vary between 2.9 and 3.9 times the export (CIF) price. Generally wholesalers’ margins range between 30–50% of the export price, agents’ margins are between 6–12%, while retailers’ margins are between 95–120%. Table 2.1 Overview of margins in wallets and purses Importers/wholesalers' margins Agents' margins Retailers' margins Mark-up Export (CIF) price - Consumer price Low High 30% 6% 95% 50% 12% 120% 2.9 3.9 VAT is included in consumer prices: Germany (19%), France (19.6%), Italy (20%), the UK (17.5%), Spain (16%) and the Netherlands (19%). These margins will vary depending on which market segment is being approached as well as on the kind of retailer. Department stores, clothing and variety chains or hypermarkets ask for large-volume discounts, which are then passed on to their affiliated stores. More information can be found in Chapter 3.2 of the CBI market survey ‘The luggage and leather goods market in the EU’, as well as in the CBI market surveys covering the market in individual EU countries. Finding a suitable trading partner There are a number of ways to look for a suitable trading partner in the EU. The first place to look would be to contact the main trade association(s), followed by trade fairs, which tend to feature a list of exhibitors, many of which may be potential partners – see Chapter 6. Trade magazines could also be a good source of contacts. Chapter 6 also features these details. The International Trade Centre - http://www.intracen.org - is a good source of contacts. The fashion portal Fibre to Fashion - http://www.fibre2fashion.com - features a section where you can make contact with importers. In addition to these sources, there are often a number of general or specific information portals that will be useful. The following organisations may be worth looking at: • In Italy, the portal http://www.fashionhub.it provides links to a wide range of wholesalers in this sector, including http://www.italianmoda.it. The Italian Fashion Federation http://www.federmoda.it - represents wholesalers and retailers of leather goods. There are many accessories agents in Italy. GruppoItalia agency - http://www.gruppoitalia.net - Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 9 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES • • • • • 3 specialises in all areas of the fashion industry. The Italian Chamber of Commerce http://www.chamberofcommerce.it - and the Institute for Foreign Trade http://www.italtrade.com or http://www.ice.gov.it - are also good sources of information. The main business community for doing business with Italy is http://www.italbiz.com/italbiz_services/home/default.asp#italmail. In France, the principle portal for leather goods can be reached at http://www.ctc.fr or http://www.ctcgroupe.com. Here you can find links to leather goods manufacturers, importers and retailers. The Bureau de Style des Industries Chaussure, Maroquinerie, Cuir http://www.b2styles.com - and the Federation of French Chambers of Commerce http://www.cci.fr - are also useful organisations. A directory of French companies involved in the leather goods sector can be found at http://www.francecuir.fr. Forthac http://www.forthac.fr - is a business development organisation active in this sector. In the UK, Leather Goods Online - http://www.leathergoods-online.com - details the major players in the sector. Leatherwise - http://www.leatherwise.co.uk - has good links to other leather-related sites, some of which include contacts, and UK Leather http://www.ukleather.org - is a directory designed to identify companies in the leather sector. The British Chambers of Commerce - http://www.chamberonline.co.uk - and UK Trade & Investment - http://www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk - help companies to do business in the UK. In Germany, the Association of Textile Retailers - http://www.bte.de - provides links to suppliers, as do the portals http://www.modeinfo.com and http://www.ensuite.de. The Association of German Chambers of Commerce and Industry - http://www.diht.de, the EHI Retail Institute - http://www.ehi.org - and the Retail Trade Association – http://www.bag.de - also provide advice. In Spain, a good website to find suppliers is http://www.buscaprof.es/marroquineria. The Spanish Fashion portal - http://www.fashionfromspain.com, http://www.pieles.com and http://www.multiprecio.com have links to companies. Moddo - http://www.moddo.com - is the leading electronic site for companies involved in leather goods. A blog for the fashion leather goods sector can be accessed at http://www.ubrique.com. The Spanish Chambers of Commerce – http://www.camaras.org - and the Spanish Institute for Foreign Trade http://www.spainbusiness.com or http://www.icex.es - are good contacts. In the Netherlands, a good leather goods portal is http://www.leather.nl. The Association of Intermediaries - http://www.vnt.org - is a good source of contacts for agents, importers and brokers in a number of industries, including leather goods. This is associated with the Dutch Association of Clothing & Textile Agents and Importers - http://www.nvkt.nl - which includes fashion accessories. The Chambers of Commerce - http://www.kvk.nl, the Retail Council - http://www.raadnederlandsedetailhandel.nl - and the International Development Agency - http://www.evd.nl - are all good points of contact. Trade: imports and exports Imports Imports of wallets and purses into the EU were valued at € 1.2 billion in 2008 (72 thousand tonnes), an average annual increase of 11% since 2004 (5.8% by volume). The share of intraEU imports has decreased from 42% (19% by volume) to just under 42% (but increased to 21% by volume). Although not featured in this report, import values in 2008 to Belgium (€ 45 million) were close to the Netherlands (€ 48 million). This suggests that there may be a considerable amount of re-exporting by both countries and many of these imports may in fact have originated in the developing world. EU imports from developing countries increased, as is shown in Table 3.3. However, the share of EU imports from developing countries increased only marginally from 49% (74% by volume) in 2004 to 50% (74% by volume) in 2008. The main reason is a substantial increase in EU imports from other EU countries (see Table 3.1). Within the developing countries, China was the dominant supplier. In 2008, EU imports from China were valued at € 435 million (46 thousand tonnes), an average annual increase of 12% Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 10 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES since 2004, and a 6.3% increase in volume. Supplies from India rose by 7.5% in value and by 5.6% in volume to reach € 127 million (4.9 thousand tonnes) in 2008. This may illustrate more EU imports of lower cost items but prices (see also Chapter 4) of imported wallets and purses from DCs starting to increase. Of the other major developing country suppliers, EU imports from Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Moldova, Tunisia, Morocco and Croatia increased. EU production of wallets and purses was valued at € 856 million in 2008, compared to € 651 million in 2004, an average annual increase of 7.1%, although production volumes were down. Exports were approximately 28% higher than imports, and exports were increasing at an average 8.8% per annum (lower than the rate of increases in imports). Consumption of wallets, purses and other small leather items was increasing slowly, but even so imports are expected to continue to account for an increasing share of the market. By sub-product group, EU imports of wallets and purses consisted of: • Items made of leather or patent leather (52% of value or € 637 million, 22% of volume or 16 thousand tonnes, an increasing share). • Items made of plastic sheeting (23% of value or € 278 million, 39% of volume or 28 thousand tonnes, an increasing share). • Items made of textile (19% of value or € 233 million, 26% of volume or 19 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share). • Items made of vulcanised fibre, paper or paperboard (6.2% of value or € 76 million, 13% of volume or 9.3 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share). Table 3.1 Product Total EU27 Italy France Germany Imports and leading suppliers of wallets and purses 2004 – 2008, share in % of value 2004 2006 2008 Leading suppliers in 2008 Share € mln € mln € mln Share in % (%) 342 410 511 Intra EU: France (9.7%), Italy (9.1%), Spain 41.8 (5.7%), Germany (5.7%), The Netherlands (3.3%) 71 84 102 Extra EU ex. DC*: Switzerland (4.4%), Hong 8.2 Kong (3.1%), Japan (0.4%), USA (0.4%), Taiwan (0.2%) 402 520 611 DC*: China (38.7%), India (11.3%), Thailand 50.0 (1.5%), Turkey (0.8%), Vietnam (0.5%), Tunisia (0.4%), Moldova (0.3%), Indonesia (0.2%), Croatia (0.2%), Morocco (0.1%) 43 52 78 Intra EU: France (19.4%), Romania (4.5%), 33.4 Germany (3.7%), UK (2.1%), Belgium (1.2%) 22 19 15 Extra EU ex. DC*: Switzerland (3.9%), Hong 6.4 Kong (1.6%), Japan (0.2%), USA (0.2%), S Korea (0.2%) 70 119 141 DC*: China (49.5%), India (3.5%), Tunisia 60.2 (1.5%), Turkey (1.5%), Croatia (0.7%), Moldova (1.3%), Thailand (1.0%), Indonesia (0.5%), Vietnam (0.3%), Brazil 102 90 118 Intra EU: Spain (22.3%), Italy (14.0%), 52.7 Belgium (6.0%), Germany (4.6%), The Netherlands (2.9%) 8 21 40 Extra EU ex. DC*: Switzerland (14.5%), 18.0 Japan (1.6%), Hong Kong (0.9%), USA (0.3%), S Korea (0.2%) 43 50 66 DC*: China (25.0%), India (1.9%), Morocco 29.3 (0.6%), Mauritius (0.4%), Vietnam (0.3%), Tunisia (0.3%), Thailand (0.1%), Moldova (0.2%), Turkey (0.2%), Mexico (0.1%) 46 61 70 Intra EU: France (10.1%), Italy (9.5%), 33.1 Czech Rep (3.6%), The Netherlands (2.7%), Belgium (1.6%) Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 11 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES Product 2004 € mln United Kingdom Spain The Netherlands Source: Eurostat (2009) *Developing Countries 11 2006 € mln 10 2008 € mln 13 90 109 129 45 68 75 11 16 14 73 79 97 17 25 27 3 3 2 32 44 50 5 6 6 4 6 6 28 30 35 Leading suppliers in 2008 Share Share in % (%) Extra EU ex. DC*: Hong Kong (4.0%), 6.3 Switzerland (1.5%), USA (0.3%), S Korea (0.2%), Taiwan (0.2%) DC*: China (35.4%), India (18.9%), Thailand 60.6 (4.4%), Turkey (0.5%), Vietnam (0.4%), Bangladesh (0.4%), Serbia (0.1%), Colombia (0.1%), Indonesia (0.1%), Pakistan (0.1%) Intra EU: Italy (14.1%), France (11.2%), The 40.2 Netherlands (6.9%), Germany (3.0%), Spain (2.0%) Extra EU ex. DC*: Hong Kong (5.2%), 7.8 Switzerland (1.2%), USA (0.7%), Taiwan (0.3%), Japan (0.1%), UA Emirates (0.1%) DC*: China (36.5%), India (13.9%), Turkey 52.0 (0.9%), Thailand (0.3%), Vietnam (0.1%), Pakistan (0.1%), Indonesia (0.1%), Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia Intra EU: France (12.7%), Italy (10.0%), 34.8 Germany (5.0%), Belgium (2.0%), UK (1.7%) Extra EU ex. DC*: Hong Kong (1.4%), 2.3 Switzerland (0.3%), Taiwan (0.3%), S Korea (0.1%), USA (0.1%) DC*: China (42.5%), India (17.2%), Thailand 62.9 (1.3%), Turkey (1.1%), Vietnam (0.3%), Morocco (0.3%), Mexico, Guatemala, Indonesia Intra EU: Germany (4.8%), Italy (2.6%), 13.3 Belgium (1.9%), UK (1.2%), Poland (0.8%) Extra EU ex. DC*: Hong Kong (8.9%), Taiwan 12.0 (0.9%), USA (0.8%), Switzerland (0.8%), S Korea (0.2%), 74.7 DC*: China (49.4%), India (23.4%), Ukraine (0.7%), Vietnam (0.4%), Indonesia (0.2%), Turkey (0.1%), Pakistan (0.1%), Thailand (0.1%), Guatemala (0.1%) Meanwhile, the selected countries had varying experiences of importing wallets and purses, over the period: • Italy was the largest EU importer with imports of wallets and purses valued at € 234 million in 2008 (13 thousand tonnes), an average annual increase of 15% over the period from € 135 million since 2004 (5.2% by volume from 10.6 tonnes). Italian imports from intra-EU sources increased from 32% to 33%. The share of developing country imports increased from 52% to 60% by value and from 77% or 8.2 thousand tonnes to 87% or 11 thousand tonnes by volume over the period. China’s supplies increased by an annual average 17% from € 61 to € 116 million in 2008, as supplies by India rose from € 4.9 to € 8.3 million over the period. Italian imports of wallets and purses consisted of items made of leather or patent leather (48% of value or € 113 million, 15% of volume or 1.9 thousand tonnes, an increasing share); items made of plastic sheeting (29% of value or € 67 million, 57% of volume or 7.4 thousand tonnes, an increasing share); items made of textile (20% of value or € 47 million, 21% of volume or 2.7 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share); and items made of vulcanised fibre, paper or paperboard (3.2% of value or € 7.5 million, 7.7% of volume or 1 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share). Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 12 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES • France had imports valued at € 224 million in 2008 (7 thousand tonnes), an average annual increase of 10% over the period from € 153 million (3.9% by volume from 6 thousand tonnes in 2004). The share of developing country imports increased from 28% to 29% by value and from 62% or 3.7 thousand tonnes to 63% or 4.4 thousand tonnes by volume. China’s supplies increased by an annual average 12% to € 56 million in 2008, and by 4.5% in volume from 3.4 to 4.1 thousand tonnes. French imports of wallets and purses consisted of items made of leather or patent leather (55% of value or € 124 million, 24% of volume or 1.7 thousand tonnes, an increasing share); items made of plastic sheeting (25% of value or € 56 million, 40% of volume or 2.8 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share); items made of textile (15% of value or € 34 million, 28% of volume or 1.9 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share); and items made of vulcanised fibre, paper or paperboard (4.3% of value or € 9.6 million, 8.8% of volume or 0.6 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share). • Germany imported € 212 million in 2008 (11 thousand tonnes) an average annual increase of 9.6% over the period from € 147 million since 2004 (5.3% by volume from 9 thousand tonnes). The share of developing country imports was unchanged at 61% by value and increased from 75% or 6.7 thousand tonnes to 83% or 9.1 thousand tonnes by volume over the period. By value, China’s supplies increased by an annual average 12% from € 48 to € 75 million in 2008, while imports from India increased by 3.9% from € 33 to € 40 million. By volume, supplies by China rose from 5 to 7.3 thousand tonnes. German imports of wallets, purses consisted of items made of leather or patent leather (64% of value or € 136 million, 32% of volume or 3.6 thousand tonnes, an increasing share); items made of plastic sheeting (16% of value or € 33 million, 29% of volume or 3.2 thousand tonnes, an increasing share); items made of textile (13% of value or € 28 million, 22% of volume or 2.4 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share); and items made of vulcanised fibre, paper or paperboard (7% of value or € 15 million, 17% of volume or 1.8 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share). • The UK had imports valued at € 186 million in 2008 (13 thousand tonnes), an average annual increase of 9.6% over the period from € 129 million (8% by volume). UK imports from intra-EU sources increased considerably. In comparison, the share of developing country imports decreased from 57% to 52% by value, and from 79% or 7.3 thousand tonnes to 73% or 9.1 thousand tonnes by volume over the period. Supplies from China increased by an annual average of 8% from € 50 to € 68 million between 2004 and 2008, and Chinese volume supplies rose from 6.3 to 7.8 thousand tonnes. Supplies from India rose from € 19 to € 25 million by value and from 0.8 to 1.1 thousand tonnes by volume over the period. UK imports of wallets and purses consisted of items made of leather or patent leather (52% of value or € 96 million, 27% of volume or 3.4 thousand tonnes, an increasing share); items made of plastic sheeting (20% of value or € 36 million, 28% of volume or 3.5 thousand tonnes, an unchanged share); items made of textile (18% of value or € 34 million, 25% of volume or 3.2 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share); and items made of vulcanised fibre, paper or paperboard (10% of value or € 19 million, 20% volume or 2.5 thousand tonnes, an increasing share). • Spain had imports valued at € 79 million in 2008 (6.8 thousand tonnes), an average annual increase of 11% over the period from € 52 million (3.1% by volume from 6 thousand tonnes). The share of developing country imports was unchanged at 63% by value, but decreased from 88% or 5.2 thousand tonnes to 83% or 5.6 thousand tonnes. China’s supplies increased by an annual average 12% from € 21 to € 34 million in 2008 and from 4.7 to 5 thousand tonnes. Spanish imports from India have increased from € 9 to almost € 14 million over the period. Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 13 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES Spanish imports of wallets and purses consisted of items made of leather or patent leather (44% of value or € 35 million, 15% of volume or 1 thousand tonnes, an increasing share); items made of plastic sheeting (25% of value or € 20 million, 50% of volume or 3.4 thousand tonnes, an increasing share); items made of textile (25% of value or € 20 million, 29% of volume or 2 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share); and items made of vulcanised fibre, paper or paperboard (5.1% of value or € 4 million, 6.9% of volume or 0.5 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share). • The Netherlands had imports valued at € 48 million in 2008 (4.6 thousand tonnes), an average annual increase of 6.1% over the period from € 38 million (2.9% by volume from 4.1 thousand tonnes). The share of developing country imports decreased from 76% to 75% by value, and from 85% or 4.1 thousand tonnes to 79% or 3.6 thousand tonnes by volume. China’s supplies increased by an annual average 4.9% from € 19 to reach € 23 million, while Dutch imports from India increased from € 8.4 to € 11 million in 2008. Dutch imports of wallets and purses consisted of items made of leather or patent leather (43% of value or € 20 million, 21% of volume or 1 thousand tonnes, an increasing share); items made of plastic sheeting (18% of value or € 8.4 million, 26% of volume or 1.2 thousand tonnes, an unchanged share); items made of textile (30% of value or € 14 million, 37% of volume or 1.7 thousand tonnes, a decreasing share); and items made of vulcanised fibre, paper or paperboard (9% of value or € 4.3 million, 16% volume or 0.7 thousand tonnes, an increasing share). Exports Exports of wallets and purses have increased over the period, as can be seen from Table 3.2. The increase in volume is less than the increase in value, indicating increasing prices. However as EU production of wallets and purses in 2008 was € 856 million, it would appear that over half of all exports are in fact re-exports. Spain was the only major country to register a decrease in exports (by value). Around 67% of all exports are wallets and purses made of leather. Around 64% of EU exports went to extra-EU destinations led by Japan, Hong Kong, USA, Switzerland and Singapore. Table 3.2 Exports of wallets and purses 2004 – 2008, € million / thousands of tonnes 2004 value volume Total EU, of which from France Italy Germany Spain United Kingdom The Netherlands Source: Eurostat (2009) 1,118 538 216 79 119 40 28 20 3 4 3 1 1 3 2006 value volume 1,405 732 279 113 96 52 28 26 4 4 4 1 3 3 2008 Average value volume annual % change in value 1,568 738 384 130 98 54 44 23 3 4 3 2 1 2 8.8 8.2 15.5 13.3 -4.7 7.8 12.0 Opportunities and threats + The EU presents a mixed picture of opportunities and threats for exporters of wallets, purses and other small leather goods from developing countries. It has a marginally increasing domestic retail market, but local production volume has been falling. Imports have been increasing consistently in recent years, particularly since 2004. +/-The fact that the value share of imports from developing countries has increased over the period by more than the volume share indicates that import prices may increasing more rapidly than prices from other sources. This suggests that more opportunities can be found in the mid to higher market segments. Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 14 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES + + + The larger Asian suppliers, especially China and, to a lesser extent, India continue to dominate the market. However smaller DC exporters can find opportunities in niche segments of this diverse market, for example products using a particular ethnic design. The best opportunities appear to be in items made of leather, and plastic to a lesser extent. Italy has experienced the biggest growth in imports, particularly of leather-made items which have been offering opportunities. In fact all major importing countries, with the exception of the Netherlands have shown increased opportunities for leather-made items. It is also important to note that an opportunity for one developing country can also be a threat to another. Many EU countries switch country sources purely for competitive advantage, rather than moving supplier because of changes in demand for other reasons. Exporters should read carefully the trends and developments outlined in other parts of this survey before establishing whether a genuine export opportunity exists. The outcome of this analysis will depend on the specific situation of each exporter. See Chapter 7 of the CBI market survey ‘The luggage and leather goods market in the EU’ for more information on opportunities and threats. Useful sources • EU Expanding Exports Helpdesk http://exporthelp.europa.eu/ go to: trade statistics • Eurostat – official statistical office of the EU http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu; go to ‘themes’ on the left side of the home page go to ‘external trade’ go to ‘data – full view’ go to ‘external trade - detailed data’ • Understanding eurostat: Quick guide to easy comext http://www.eds-destatis.de/en/database/download/Handbook_Comext_Database.pdf 4 Price developments Consumer prices Global pressures on prices in the EU leather industry have resulted in lower priced wallets and purses in the lower and middle segments in recent years. EU consumers are demanding and look for good quality along with competitive prices. Special price promotions are important elements of the marketing of wallets and purses, particularly in the summer period. Consumers are less price sensitive to fashion-driven products, although a price-conscious fashion segment of younger consumers for wallets and purses is developing, especially for items made of plastic sheeting, textile and paperboard. However, in the higher segment, items made of soft leather and the existing fashion trend are strong determinants of prices and consumers are prepared to pay high prices for designer brands. In the past few years, prices of wallets and purses have been polarising in most Western EU markets between high-end products and lower priced imported products. Nevertheless, prices have increased in some Eastern EU countries. With the internationalisation of retailing and the existence of the same retail chains in many EU countries, it is possible to compare prices between countries. This fact is also resulting in a convergence of prices between countries. Import prices When looking at import prices between 2004 and 2008, the prices of total EU imports has been gradually increasing, as Table 4.1 indicates. However, intra-EU prices continue to narrow the differential with developing country import prices as DC import prices increase more rapidly. Intra-EU prices are approximately three times more expensive on average than developing country import prices. Rising prices from developing countries suggests perhaps that the continuing fall in consumer prices may be coming to an end. Another reason might be the Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 15 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES reduction of imports from China that were sold at dump prices. Please note that these trends should be interpreted with care, as changes in imports do not reflect the demand in the EU. There are a number of reasons why prices can apparently change, for example major buyers changing suppliers or changes in the composition of supply. Table 4.1 Development in the EU of average import values/prices, 2004 – 2008, € Total imports Intra-EU Developing countries Source: Eurostat (2009) 2004 ave price per item 14.25 31.67 9.55 2006 ave price per item 15.50 33.33 10.83 2008 ave price per item 17.11 34.53 11.53 Ave. annual % change 4.7 2.2 4.8 The position of prices varies between countries, as Table 4.2 demonstrates. It is interesting to note that prices rose by most in the countries that have a strong domestic production industry. Dutch import prices are likely to be lower than their neighbouring countries due to the Netherlands’ position as a re-exporter. Spanish import prices are almost half those of Germany and France. This may be partly explained by the relatively high share of wallets and purses made of leather in these countries. Table 4.2 Developments in average import prices from developing countries in major EU countries Germany United Kingdom France Italy Netherlands Spain 2004 ave price per item 13.45 9.99 11.51 8.57 8.14 6.21 2006 ave price per item 13.80 10.59 12.82 11.02 9.05 7.81 2008 ave price per item 14.12 10.63 14.91 12.36 9.86 8.88 Ave. annual % change 1.2 1.6 6.7 9.6 4.9 9.4 Source: Eurostat (2009) Consumer price indices, including other small accessories, are published on National Statistics websites (see individual country reports). The consumer prices of wallets and purses differ greatly depending on the item, material, brand and design. An idea of prices can be obtained from websites of online retailers such as: • http://www.mywalit.com • http://www.ciao.co.uk - select ‘fashion’ and ‘fashion accessories’ • http://www.soproma.fr – select ‘collection’ • http://www.gsell.fr • http://www.shopwahl.de/portemonnaies_brieftaschen.htm • http://www.speurders.nl - this is a website similar to eBay. A good link to wholesalers and wholesale prices in Italy, for example, are the directories http://www.italianmoda.com and http://www.forzieri.com. In Germany there is the site http://www.lederwaren.com. The main source now is the Internet. There are Internet websites of hypermarkets or large department stores. For example http://www.elcorteingles.es in Spain or http://www.karstadt.de in Germany. Websites of other department stores and other online retailers can be found in the CBI market surveys covering the market in individual EU countries. Mail order companies still provide good price references: • http://www.otto.de • http://www.wehkamp.nl Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 16 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES • • • • http://www.laredoute.fr http://www.argos.co.uk http://www.quelle.es http://www.laredoute.it 5 Market access requirements As a manufacturer in a developing country preparing to access an EU country, you should be aware of the market access requirements of your trading partners and the respective country government. Requirements are demanded through legislation and through labels, codes and management systems. These requirements are based on environmental, consumer health and safety and social concerns. You need to comply with EU legislation and have to be aware of the additional non-legislative requirements that your trading partners in the EU might request. For information on legislative and non-legislative requirements, go to ‘Search CBI database’ at http://www.cbi.eu/marketinfo, select luggage and leather goods and your country of interest in the category search, click on the search button and click on market access requirements. Specific quality demands When exporting wallets and purses, take care of the following quality demands: • Wallets and purses have a compartment to accommodate both small coins alongside the big, heavy 2 Euro coins, as EU people handle a lot of coins. • In both wallets and purses there should be at least four compartments: for bank cards, credit cards, club-member cards, whose size is international, like American Express or Mastercard. • To avoid using embossed leather and stitching in contrasting colours. • To finish the items smoothly by folding (including the skiving) instead of having cut edges. With regards to the Euro, there are eight coins with diameters ranging from 16 to 25 mm. Manufacturers have developed new products, such as key cases with holders for coins; talones (a purse in the shape of a shoe heel); men's wallets with enlarged coin holders and women's purses with bigger compartments. Euro banknotes are issued in seven values in the following sizes: Sizes of euro banknotes • • • • 5 euro = 120 x 62 mm 10 euro = 127 x 67 mm 20 euro = 133 x 72 mm 50 euro = 140 x 77 mm • • • 100 euro = 147 x 82 mm 200 euro = 153 x 82 mm 500 euro = 160 x 82 mm There are currently discussions in the EU parliament about a second generation of Euro banknotes, which may be launched in 2012/2013 that may be different in size and in values. Detailed information on packaging can be found at the website of ITC on export packaging: http://www.intracen.org/ep/packit.htm. Information on tariffs and quota can be found at http://exporthelp.europa.eu/. 6 Doing business The most important ways to develop a business relationship are to either exhibit at one of the main leather goods trade fairs, or to make a direct approach to wholesalers or major retailers. In the EU, business people prefer a more stylish form of communication, both in the way a presentation is put together, and in the way contact is made. Business people are very interested in price, but it is also important to appreciate from the outset the importance of retaining your customers through high levels of service. Many buyers are not always loyal and it is much easier to lose a customer than to find a new one. It is also Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 17 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES extremely important that you have a professionally produced website, so that potential partners are able to independently see for themselves the type of organisation that you represent. They may well make an evaluation of you on this basis. Your website will enable you to contact consumers directly. See CBI’s publication ‘Website promotion - How to promote your website in the EU’. http://www.cbi.eu/marketinfo/cbi/docs/website_promotion_how_to_promote_your_website_in _the_eu?via=pub General information on doing business like approaching potential business partners, building up a relationship, drawing up an offer, handling the contract (methods of payment, and terms of delivery) can be found in CBI’s export manuals ‘Export Planner’ and ‘Your image builder’. Furthermore cultural awareness is a critical skill in securing success as an exporter. Information on cultural differences in the EU can be found in chapter 3 of CBI’s export manual ‘Exporting to the EU’. These manuals can be downloaded from http://www.cbi.eu/marketinfo go to search publications. Trade magazines Advertising in trade magazines can sometimes be an effective means of reaching a small target group. See individual country reports for trade press in each major EU country. • Leather International - http://www.leathermag.com. • World Leather Magazine - http://www.leatherbiz.com. Trade fairs The leading trade fairs for the luggage and accessories industry in the EU are: • Italy (The Bag Show in Milan – http://www.mipel.com), • France (in Paris – http://www.ff-maroquinerie.fr/ and http://www.premiere-classe.com), • Germany (in Offenbach - http://www.messe-offenbach.de), • The UK (the Spring and Autumn Fairs in Birmingham – http://www.springfair.com and http://www.autumnfair.com), • Spain (Iberpiel in Madrid - http://www.semanapiel.ifema.es), • The Netherlands (details can be found at http://www.schoenencentrum.nl). See the individual country reports for more information. Trade associations At an EU level, ‘Euroleather’ - http://www.euroleather.com - is the main trade association for the leather industry. Other useful contacts are: • Online portals - http://www.leathernet.com and http://leather.tradeworlds.com. • The Leather Connection - http://www.theleatherconnection.com. • Shoeinfonet - http://www.shoeinfonet.com - is a portal dedicated to footwear, leather goods and related industries. • The European Promotional Products Association - http://www.eppa-org.eu - represents the giftware industry. There is no specific source for wallets and purses, but see also trade associations listed in the CBI market surveys covering the market in individual EU countries. This survey was compiled for CBI by Searce Disclaimer CBI market information tools : http://www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 18 of 19 Luggage and leather goods CBI MARKET SURVEY: THE EU MARKET FOR WALLETS AND PURSES Appendix A General product description Wallets and purses fall into the product group ‘small leather goods’ and are defined as any type of device that is capable of being carried in a pocket or in a (hand) bag. The focus in this survey will be on wallets and purses, which form the largest part of this product group. Wallets tend to be used primarily, but not exclusively by men, for carrying notes and credit cards. Purses are more generally used for carrying coins, although nowadays they can also be used for notes and cards. Women are the principal users of purses. Other small leather goods are: key pouches, cigarette cases, toilet bags, holders for binoculars, cameras, spectacles, business cards, phones, portable music systems (ipods), maps, gps systems or video games. In this survey these items are included in all statistics, but are not covered in the explanations in the Chapters 1, 4 and 5 of this survey, which primarily focus on wallets and purses. The product groups used for this survey for imports and exports statistics are classified according to the material used in their manufacture. They are categorized as ‘other small accessories’ when looking at production figures, imports and exports. In 2006, around 45% of EU imports of small accessories by value were made of leather. Other small accessories HS codes 42023100 42023210 42023290 42023900 Description Wallets, purses, key pouches, cigarette cases, tobacco pouches & similar, of leather, composition or patent leather Wallets, purses, key pouches, cigarette cases, tobacco pouches & similar, of plastic sheeting Wallets, purses, key pouches, cigarette cases, tobacco pouches & similar, of textile Wallets, purses, key pouches, cigarette cases, tobacco pouches & similar, of vulcanised fibre, paper or paperboard PRODCOM 19201230 Description Articles normally carried in pocket or handbag Source: CBI Market Information Database • URL: www.cbi.eu • Contact: [email protected] • www.cbi.eu/disclaimer Page 19 of 19
© Copyright 2024