ICD-10: Preparing for the Challenges Ahead Robert Janowitz, MD Medical Director, Illinois Local Markets BCBSIL May 26, 2015 12:00-1:00 PM - Centegra Hospital - Woodstock A Division of Health Care Service Corporation, a Mutual Legal Reserve Company, an Independent Licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. Agenda Why does ICD-10 Matter? What is Changing? How do I get ready for ICD-10? How are we helping you prepare for ICD-10? ICD-9 ICD-10 2 ICD-10: Why does it matter? It’s a Federal Mandate! • • • • • DHHS final rule under HIPAA – new ICD standard Becomes effective 10/1/2015 – required for all HIPAA-covered transactions nationally Effective date or Implementation date means date of service or date of discharge No opting out – There are no provisions allowing opt out (e.g. paper claims, small practices, etc.) Same implementation date for everyone: Use ICD-9* Use ICD-10* O/P and Professional - Date of service 9/30/15 or earlier O/P and Professional - Date of service 10/1/15 or later For E/R and O/P Observation – treatment starts 23:59 or earlier on 9/30/15 For E/R and O/P Observation – treatment starts 00:00 or later on 10/1/15 O/P and Professional with from-through dates that cross 10/1/15 – split the record, request, or claim For I/P Institutional – Date of Discharge 9/30/15 or earlier For I/P Institutional – Date of Discharge 10/1/15 or later Prior authorizations, referrals, orders, and prescriptions written before 10/1/15 for services to be provided on 10/1/15 and later should contain ICD-10 where ICD is required 3 ICD-10: Why does it matter? Industry Benefits of the transition to ICD-10 Makes richer data sets available Helps research and public health surveillance – information on subsets of patients can be more easily aggregated for large-scale population health analysis New payment methodologies more practical The ability to capture greater detail and differentiation in acuity/severity will make complex outcome-based and risk-adjusted payment models more mainstream Drives health systems innovation Innovations will better reflect the intensity of patient needs than is currently possible ICD-10 will provide better information to accelerate the meaningful use of health data 4 ICD-10: Why does it matter? Benefits to You More specific coding – Detail often lost with ICD-9, physicians had a hard time conveying to payers how sick their patients really are Finding a diagnosis gets easier – Physicians and coders will find it easier to look up unusual diagnoses, signs, and symptoms. New AHIMA study shows conversion costs range from $1,960 to $5,900 for small practices Avoid audits and future payment delays – Claims are often suspended for review or denied due to non-specific information, which the detail in ICD-10 can help eliminate Makes ICD-9 limitations a thing of the past – ICD-9 increasingly fragmented and contained archaic medical terminology, contributed to coding errors and delayed/inaccurate payments More meaningful management of physician patient populations – Are you currently tracking a population of diabetic or asthmatic patients in your practice? ICD-10 will provide better information about patients’ overall health, aiding in clinical decision support 5 Let’s Hear From A Physician Champion at CMS As a practicing physician, Dr. Martinez offers his insights about the benefits of ICD-10 and four key points to help physicians with their transition to ICD-10. Link to Video – Internet connection required 02:46 min - Right click on link, select “Open Hyperlink” A new browser window will open, maximize window for best viewing, click “Play” button 6 What is Changing? ICD-10-CM New and Different Diagnoses Major Areas of Change • • • • • • • • • • • • Abnormal Test Findings & Borderline Diagnoses Acute Myocardial Infarction Adverse Effects, Dosing, & Poisoning Atherosclerosis, Angina & Hypertension Coma Diabetes Mellitus Kidney Disease & Urosepsis OB, Pregnancy, & Newborns Oncology & Neoplasms Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal, Injuries & Fractures Routine Exams / Physicals Vaccines / Immunizations 8 ICD-10-CM New and Different Diagnoses New Terminology and Concepts, some examples: • • • • • • • STEMI and Non-STEMI instead of “Heart Attack” or “AMI” Underdosing and more Borderline conditions can be coded New scales for Asthma (4 levels), Diabetes (5 levels), Coma, and other conditions Episode of care indicators Pregnancy coded in trimesters Only 1 code to use for vaccinations Routine exams split into “with” and “without findings” categories Data will behave differently, some examples: • • • • • • • Fewer heart attacks (coded for 4 weeks following infarct instead of 8 in ICD-9) More cancer cases (anemia coded 2nd in ICD-10 after cancer, ICD-9 rule was opposite) when looking at primary Dx No V codes for rehab visits, instead this is part of the episode of care digit Pregnancies include new code for weeks gestation More combination codes will cause some conditions harder to locate in queries (e.g. kidney failure due to diabetes) Abnormal test findings will appear in more records Smokers and patients exposed to tobacco smoke will appear more often 9 ICD-10 Diagnosis Changes Asthma ICD-10 requires the following scales into documentation: Mild intermittent Mild persistent Moderate persistent Severe persistent More instructions to code tobacco use/exposure ICD-9-CM 493.22 chronic obstructive asthma, with status asthmaticus ICD-10-CM J44.1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with (acute) exacerbation J45.42 Moderate persistent asthma with status asthmaticus Z72.0 Tobacco use Risk Stratification – The varying degrees of asthma severity will make it easier to identify high risk populations in health care data sets; more identification of patients who smoke/exposed to tobacco smoke ICD-10 Diagnosis Changes Acute Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack:) • Duration changed from 8 weeks in ICD-9 to 4 weeks in ICD-10 • The terms “Acute MI” or “AMI” is no longer used. Codes reflect newer terminology and distinguishes between ST elevation (STEMI) and non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarctions STEMI of anterior wall, inferior wall, other sites, or unspecified site NSTEMI (subendocardial, nontransmural) • Category I21 used for initial treatment of STEMI and NSTEMI and all continued treatment during next 4 weeks, but use Category I22 for subsequent episode: ICD-9-CM 410.71 Subendocardial infarction, initial episode of care ICD-10-CM I21.4 Non-STelevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction I48.91 Fibrillation, atrial or auricular Initial STEMI or NSTEMI Subsequent STEMI or NSTEMI during next 4 weeks Category I21 code used during 4 weeks after first episode occurred Category I22 code used when a patient who has suffered an AMI has a new AMI within the 4 week time frame of the initial AMI (regardless of site). A code from category I22 must be used in conjunction with a code from category I21. The sequencing of the I22 and I21 codes depends on the circumstances of the encounter. No concept of “initial” or “subsequent” myocardial Infarction in ICD-9 Risk Stratification – Fewer records with heart attack diagnoses in the same patient population, more information about the sequence and nature of the event ICD-10 Diagnosis Changes Angina, Hypertension, & Atherosclerosis Angina • Often occurs in combination codes for atherosclerotic heart disease • Angina is rarely coded separately, mainly if angina is due to something other than atherosclerosis Essential (primary) hypertension – only 1 code: I10 • In ICD-10-CM, hypertension not classified by type (benign, malignant, unspecified) Hypertension causing chronic kidney disease, heart disease or both heart and kidney disease each have separate categories of combination codes, similar to ICD-9 More specificity in heart disease sites, e.g. native vessels, nonautologous vs autologous grafts ICD-9-CM 414.00 Coronary atherosclerosis, of unspecified type of vessel, native or graft 413.9 Other and unspecified angina pectoris ICD-10-CM I25.119 Atherosclerosis heart disease of native coronary artery with unspecified angina pectoris Risk Stratification – Fewer records with angina diagnoses in the same patient population, risk of excluding hypertensive patients if not looking at combination codes with hypertension, more smokers identified ICD-10 Diagnosis Changes Diabetes Combination codes for diabetes include the type, body system affected and the complication affected in that body system (disease + complication or manifestation), such as: • • • • E10.42 Type 1 Diabetes mellitus with diabetic polyneuropathy E11.21 Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy In ICD-9-CM, disease and manifestation were coded separately Multiple diabetes codes can be used when multiple complications involved 5 Categories of Diabetes can be identified (only 1 category in ICD-9-CM) • • • • • E08 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition, e.g. Cushing’s or Cystic fibrosis E09 Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus + code for drug/adverse effect E10 Type 1 diabetes mellitus (not determined by patient age) E11 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (default if type not specified) ICD-9-CM E13 Other specified diabetes mellitus, e.g. post-procedural diabetes; 250.61 Type I diabetes due to genetic factors ICD-10-CM diabetes codes do not include concepts of “uncontrolled” or “not stated as uncontrolled”, Diabetes “out of control” or “poorly controlled”; instead coded as: • Diabetes, by type, with hyperglycemia Diabetes Mellitus with neurological manifestations ICD-10-CM E10.40 Type I Diabetes Mellitus with neuropathy unspecified 357.2 Polyneuropathy in diabetes Risk Stratification – Methods used to detect complications and manifestations in health care data will need to be modified to include these combination codes, e.g. diabetics with kidney disease no longer coded separately. Type I and II may be defined differently for the same population ICD-10 Diagnosis Changes Routine and Administrative Exams New information needed in ICD-10 for Exams by physician which are not well documented in many physician office records today: 3 categories of routine exams, divided further by nature of findings • Z00.00-Z00.01 General adult medical exam • Z00.121-Z00.129 Routine child health exam • Z01.411-Z01.419 Routine gynecological exam • With abnormal findings • Without abnormal findings Specific reasons needed for administrative exams (e.g. “screening physicals”) • School exam • Admission to residential institution • Pre-employment • Sports participation • And more….. ICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM V20.2 Routine infant or child health check Z00.121 Encounter for routine child health examination with abnormal findings 794.15 Nonspecific abnormal auditory function studies R94.120 Abnormal auditory function study Risk Stratification – Can better identify abnormal vs normal screening exams in a population of patients ICD-10 Diagnosis Changes Vaccines & Immunizations An example of where ICD-10-CM is less specific than ICD-9 • ICD-10: One code, Z23 used as diagnosis for all types of immunizations • ICD-9: Several codes depending on type of immunization Procedure code (rather than diagnosis) identifies • Administration of the injection • Type of immunization given ICD-9-CM V05.4 - Vaccination and inoculation; varicella (chicken pox) ICD-10-CM Z23 Encounter for immunization Code First: any routine childhood examination Risk Stratification – Can no longer rely on Dx to identify type of vaccine given, must look to CPT/HCPCS code for most records ICD-10 Diagnosis Changes Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal, Injuries & Fractures Changing concepts: • Codes organized by body site, then injury type • Significant site specificity by bone, joint or muscle • Many codes added because of number of sites and laterality included in most codes: right, left or unspecified • Differentiation between chronic or recurrent conditions • Conditions that are result of healed injury Seventh character required to identify the encounter sequence: • A = Initial encounter or active treatment Not always easy to • D = Subsequent encounter (Additional identify in current medical records qualifiers available for fractures (e.g. delayed healing, malunion vs non-union) • S = Sequela V codes for aftercare eliminated in ICD-10, use seventh character qualifier instead ICD-9 ICD-10 V54.16 Aftercare for healing S82.161D Torus fracture of traumatic fracture of lower upper end of right tibia, leg subsequent encounter for fracture with routine healing 823.12 - Fracture of tibia and fibula; upper end, open S82.421E - Displaced transverse fracture of shaft of right fibula, subsequent encounter for open fracture type I or II with routine healing Risk Stratification – for any particular population of encounters, orthopedic conditions coded under ICD-10 will likely have many more codes per encounter than were possible under ICD-9. Analysis based on principle diagnosis should be extended to include additional diagnoses to get a full picture of a patient's injury ICD-10 Diagnosis Changes Obstetrics, Pregnancy, & Newborns Mom and Baby records must be coded separately, not combined Maternal Records • Many conditions must be coded to a trimester of pregnancy • Concepts of "delivered" and "not delivered" are no longer part of ICD-10-CM (but this information is captured in ICD10-PCS for OB procedures) • OB conditions (Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium O00-O9A) are never for use on the newborn record. • Conditions present in a fetus can be coded to a specific ICD-9 fetus in multiple pregnancies 650 Normal delivery • If a condition occurs during a specific week during V27.0 Outcome of pregnancy, the week can be coded in ICD-10 delivery, single liveborn • Normal deliveries coded similarly to ICD-9 • 5th digits for "episode of care" have been eliminated ICD-10 O80 Encounter for fullterm uncomplicated delivery Z37.0 - Single live birth Risk Stratification – new ability to track conditions by trimester, weeks of pregnancy, and fetus affected in multiple pregnancies ICD-10 Diagnosis Changes Obstetrics, Pregnancy, & Newborns Infant Records • Normal births coded separately from mother’s record • Newborn conditions (Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period - P00-P96) are never for use on the maternal record • Distinction between fetus and newborn in more diagnoses: ICD-9 ICD-10 760.75 Cocaine affecting fetus or newborn via placenta or breast milk ICD-9 ICD-10 V30.00 Single liveborn, born in hospital, delivered without mention of cesarean section *Z38.0 Single liveborn infant, delivered vaginally, born in birthing center or other health care facility *New note - Not to be used on the mother’s record P04.41 - Newborn (suspected to be) affected by maternal use of cocaine 'Crack baby‘ Can only be used on newborn record Congenital Defects • These codes may be used throughout the life of the patient if the condition is still present Risk Stratification – congenital defect conditions may appear on more records in a population of patients due to the new guideline to code conditions throughout the life of the patient Another Physician Perspective “The current transfer of information is still way too dependent on electronic means that were good 30 years ago… we need to start looking at how we’re going to get better information and data transfer to providers to get back to taking care of our patients better.” Link to Video – Internet connection required 05:24 min - Right click on link, select “Open Hyperlink” A new browser window will open, maximize window for best viewing, click “Play” button 19 ICD-10 Procedure Changes (Facility Inpatient only) Procedures Built with Tables, not Lists 1 16 Sections 2 Over 35 Body Systems 3 4 5 6 7 31 Root Operations Thousands of Body Parts Six Approaches Hundreds of Devices Intermittent Qualifiers (Examples) (Examples) Graft (e.g. synthetic, autologous, nonautologous) Diagnostic Prosthesis Temporary Intraluminal Cemented Leads Allogeneic Implants Zooplastic Fixation Devices Multiple Mechanical appliances Type of Substance (Examples) Medical/Surgical Section Medical/Surgical Obstetrics Placement Administration Measurement & Monitoring Extracorporeal Assist Extracorporeal Therapy Osteopathic Other Procedures Chiropractic Imaging Nuclear Medicine Radiation Oncology Phys Rehab & Diag Audiology Mental Health Substance Abuse Tx Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Heart and Great vessels Upper arteries Lower arteries Upper veins Lower veins Lymphatic and Hemic system Eye Ear, Nose, Sinus Respiratory System Mouth and Throat Gastrointestinal system Hepatobiliary System & Pancreas Endocrine system Skin and Breast Subcutaneous tissue Muscles Tendons Bursae and Ligaments Head and Facial bones Upper bones Lower bones Upper joints Lower joints Urinary system Female reproductive system Male reproductive system Anatomical regions, General Anatomical regions, Upper extremities Anatomical regions, Lower extremities Pregnancy Anatomical Orifices Indwelling Device Excision Resection Destruction Extraction Drainage Extirpation Fragmentation Division Release Transplantation Reattachment Transfer Reposition Restriction Occlusion Dilation Bypass Insertion Replacement Supplement Change Removal Revision Inspection Map Repair Control Fusion Alteration Creation Abdominal Sympathetic Nerve Open Anterior Tibial Artery, Left Cephalic Vein, Right Cerebral Meninges Percutaneous Esophagus, Lower External Carotid Artery, Right Internal Mammary Artery, Left Lumbar Plexus Phrenic nerve Percutaneous endoscopic Via Natural or artificial opening Scapula, Left Shoulder Bursa Via Natural or artificial opening endoscopic Spleen Subcutaneous Tissue and Fascia, Left Lower Arm Ventricle, Right Via Natural or artificial opening with percutaneous endoscopic assistance Electronic appliances Source of tissue used for bypass or graft Z = NONE Z = NONE Upper Leg Muscle, Right Uterine Supporting Structure External Values for each position are not interchangeable among sections, body systems, and root operations Only valid combinations can be coded using carefully organized tables ICD-10 Procedure Changes Cardiology Facility I/P Procedure Coding Example Operation: PTCA of 2 coronary arteries, RCA w/drug-eluting stent & LAD without stent Two procedures, coded as follows: Section Medical and Surgical 0 Body System Heart and Great Vessels 2 Root Operation Dilation 7 Body Part Coronary Artery, One site 0 027034Z Approach Percutaneous 3 Device Intraluminal Device, Drug-eluting 4 Dilation of Coronary Artery, One Site with Drug-eluting Intraluminal Device, Percutaneous Approach Qualifier No Qualifier Z Section Medical and Surgical 0 Body System Heart and Great Vessels 2 Root Operation Dilation 7 Body Part Coronary Artery, One site 0 02703ZZ Approach Percutaneous 3 Dilation of Coronary Artery, One Site, Percutaneous Approach Device No Device Z Qualifier No Qualifier Z How do I get ready for ICD-10? Readiness Survey Results* VENDORS When do you plan to have your ICD-10 Services / Software available to customers? PROVIDERS What is your expected date to begin external testing? Unknown 10% Unknown 15% By Q2/Q3 2015 25% HEALTH PLANS What is your estimated date to begin external testing? Available Now 60% By Q1/Q2 2015 40% Have Started 50% Unknown 40% Have Started 30% By Q2/Q3 2015 30% From the Workgroup for Electronic Data Interchange (WEDI), largest industry ICD-10 surveyor with support from CMS, Feb 2015 Survey – 1,174 participants (68% providers, 17% health plans, 15% vendors) 23 How do I get ready for ICD-10? Know your 15 to 30 most frequently used diagnoses Acute Respiratory Infections Acute Serous Otitis Media ICD-9 ICD-10 ICD-9 ICD-10 462 Acute pharyngitis J02.0 - Streptococcal pharyngitis J02.8 Acute pharyngitis due to other specified organisms J02.9 Acute pharyngitis, unspecified 381.01 Acute serous otitis media 465.9 Acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified J06.9 Acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified H65.01 Acute serous otitis media, right ear H65.02 left ear H65.03 bilateral H65.04 recurrent, right ear H65.05 recurrent, left ear H65.06 recurrent, bilateral 466.0 Acute bronchitis J20.0 Acute bronchitis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae J20.1 due to Hemophilus influenzae J20.2 due to streptococcus J20.3 due to coxsackievirus J20.4 due to parainfluenza virus J20.5 due to respiratory syncytial virus J20.6 due to rhinovirus J20.7 due to echovirus J20.8 due to other specified organisms You will use a fraction of ICD-10 codes, just like you use a fraction of ICD-9 today Find your common diagnoses in ICD-9, look them up in ICD-10 Notice that many, but not all, have more specific variations in ICD-10 than existed in ICD-9 24 How do I get ready for ICD-10? Know Your Workflow Exam Rooms Scheduling & Front Desk: • • Forms and Systems, Recognize new alpha/numeric format Ask about new requirements for prior authorizations Exam Rooms: • • Consider impacts to forms & ABNs (advance beneficiary notices) Clinical staff training EMR or Chart: • • System drop downs & forms System reports Medical coding: • • • Requires more documentation More codes per record Training & Productivity impacts Billing & Practice Management: • • • Review/adjust contracts Update policies/procedures associated with a disease/condition Review Budgets Scheduling Medical Coding Front Desk Orders/Referrals: Labs Imaging Rx EMR or Chart Billing & Practice Management Orders/Referrals: • Make sure providers who fulfill orders have the right Dx for future dates of service (consider standing orders) 25 How do I get ready for ICD-10? Your Roadmap Plan & Assess Create a Project Team Baseline Budget Formulation Internal Impact Assessment – talk to your staff External Impact Assessment – talk to your vendors Remediate Internal system changes Vendor system changes Business Process Changes Test & Validate Internal Testing & Validation External Testing & Validation Educate Review & Assess Medical Coder Training Physician Training Office staff, Report writers, & Analytics staff Key Metrics Review Comparison Studies 26 How are we helping you get ready for ICD-10? Test with Us – Available April through September 2015 28 How are we helping you get ready for ICD-10? Visit bcbsil.com/provider 29 How are we helping you get ready for ICD-10? Read the Blue Review 30 How are we helping you get ready for ICD-10? Industry Resources CMS Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services CMS ICD-10 Main Page CMS regulates ICD-10. Not just for Medicare, CMS oversees ICD-10 for the entire US, including all covered entities like health plans, clearinghouses, vendors and providers. Part of HIPAA regulations. http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/ICD10/index.html Available at this site: • Implementation guides by health care entity type: www.roadto10.org Start Here • "ICD 10: Getting from Here to There--Navigating the Road Ahead": http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/820612_2 - 21 minutes, 0.5 CMEs • ICD-10-CM & ICD-10-PCS code set downloads; ICD-10 coding manual downloads • GEMs downloads (forward and backward maps) • Link to subscribe to CMS news & updates about ICD-10 • CMS testing initiatives through local MACs • ICD-10 Final Rule language • ICD-10 Maintenance Committee minutes • MS-DRG conversion project & backward reimbursement maps • Links to other organizations with stake in ICD-10 BCBS ICD-10 Resource Page http://www.bcbsil.com/provider/standards/icd_10.html On our Provider Portal • Hear free webinars • Links to these resources and more Start Here 31 How are we helping you get ready for ICD-10? Other Key Industry Associations AHIMA American Health Information Management Association HIMSS Healthcare Information Management Systems Society WEDI Workgroup for Electronic Data Interchange AAPC American Association of Professional Coders • Medical Coder certifying organization, emphasis on facility coding • CMS advisor – Helps guide CMS policy about ICD-10 • Good training provider, multiple training formats available • AHIMA ICD-10 Home page: http://www.ahima.org/icd10/default.aspx • Links to online training, implementation guides, regulatory news • Integrator for many health information technology topics, including standards like ICD-10 • Developed ICD-10 cost calculator for providers • ICD-10 Playbook: http://www.himss.org/library/icd-10/playbook?navItemNumber=13480 • National Pilot Testing Program: http://www.himss.org/library/icd-10/national-pilotprogram?navItemNumber=13477 Note: program is co-sponsored by WEDI • Integrator for many electronic data interchange (EDI) topics, including standards like ICD-10 • Developed original recommended ICD-10 timeline with NCHICA • Largest regular ICD-10 surveyor of health care entities • WEDI ICD-10 Home page: http://www.wedi.org/topics/icd-10 • Medical Coder certifying organization, emphasis on professional coding • More commercially oriented, good training provider • AAPC ICD-10 Home page: http://www.aapc.com/icd-10/index.aspx 32
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