Edu-Kit Catalogue: Early Settlers - Clothing Artifact What is it? How was it used? Chemise The chemise was put on first and worn under other clothing. Pockets Pockets for girls were a separate article of clothing that were tied around the waist. Pockets were worn underneath the skirt. Skirt Skirts were worn over top of the chemise and pockets and had a slit in the side to access the pocket. Short Gown The short gown was like a jacket or blouse. It tied at the waist and the neck and it did not tuck into the skirt. Artifact What is it? How was it used? Apron The apron tied around the waist and kept the skirt clean while performing duties such as cooking. Mob Caps and Straw Hats The mob cap helped keep the hair clean. The straw hat was worn over the mob cap and helped protect the wearer from the sun. Square Scarf The square scarf was folded into a triangle and tied around the neck. Shawl Shawls were typically used for warmth. Artifact What is it? How was it used? Long Undershirt The shirt was worn underneath all other clothing. It was a long undershirt that went past the knees. Breeches Breeches used buttons and had a flap instead of a fly. Vest Tricorne Hat The vest was worn over the shirt. The tricorne hat was in the shape of a triangle and protected the wearer from the sun.. Edu-Kit Catalogue: Early Settlers - Daily Chores Artifact What is it? How was it used? Candle and Holder This candle had a metal holder that could open up so kindling could be added in the bottom as fuel. Flint Rocks These rocks would create sparks when scraped together, allowing people to build fires and light candles. Yoke (with 2 metal buckets) This would rest on a person’s shoulders making it easier for them to get around while carrying buckets of water. Butter Making Instructions Learn how early settlers used to make butter with a butter churn. Recipes These recipes come from actual cookbooks and articles from the 19th and early 20th century. Artifact What is it? How was it used? Butter presses like this one were used to stamp intricate designs on the Butter Press surface of butter, sometimes just for decoration and sometimes to identify the butter maker. The paddle was used to work the Butter Paddle butter. It had a notched edge so it wouldn’t fall into the bowl. The wooden spile was a tool used to Wooden Spile Rolling Pin extract syrup from trees. A tool we still use in the kitchen today, the rolling pin is used to flatten out dough and other ingredients to a consistent shape. Tin cups were used to drink out of or Tin Cup (2) to measure flour, milk, sugar, etc. Artifact What is it? How was it used? Mixing bowls were large and made of Mixing Bowl The Cook Not Mad wood. They would be used to stir things like butter or cookie batter, This is Canada’s first cookbook, published in 1831. Learn how to cool the way Canada’s early settlers used to! Utensils These spoons, forks and knives were often made of metal with a bone handle. Wooden Scoop Wooden Spoons (5) These were often used to scoop up flour. These long wooden spoons would be used to stir the batter in a recipe. Artifact What is it? How was it used? These were used to shape butter. Grooved Wooden Paddles Grooved wooden paddles could make butter look like a little corn cob or a top. Three Legged Frying Pan This iron pan had three legs so it could stand over a fire. It was used to cook food. Broom Pounder A small broom used to keep the early settler home tidy. This tool was used to pound dough or other cooking ingredients into shape. Artifact What is it? How was it used? Garden Hoe This agricultural tool was used to move soil. The intended purpose was often to control weeds or to create small trenches that were suitable for planting crops. Tree Driller This tool was used to drill holes in trees so that the sap could be harvested. Wooden Rake This tool would have been used for grooming or maintaining property and fields where crops would have been grown. Flail The flail is an agricultural tool used for threshing to separate grains from their husks. The longer stick is held and swung, causing the shorter stick to strike a pile of grain, loosening the husks. Artifact What is it? How was it used? In days when many people got their Shovel food by growing it themselves, this common tool would have been integral to planting crops or doing other work around the farm. The scythe is an agricultural tool used Scythe to mow grass and reap crops. It was used by farmers in Canada until the invention of horse drawn and eventually mechanical tractors. Edu-Kit Catalogue: Early Settlers - Toys Artifact What is it? “Posture Master” Alphabet Sheet Wooden Top How was it used? A fun way to teach kids the alphabet. Put the handle over the stick of the top and thread the string around the stick. Pull the string to make the top spin. Wooden Fife (1) Sheet Music A musical instrument that looks like a flute. These 18th and 19th century songs were transcribed into sheet music to be played on the wooden fife and tin whistle. Artifact What is it? Tin Whistles (2) How was it used? A musical instrument that is easy to play. Just blow lightly into the whistle and cover the holes. Jacks Bounce the ball and try to pick up as many jacks as you can with the same hand before the ball hits the ground again. Chalk Board Before students had paper and pencils, they would write using chalk and small boards. Alphabet Cards Horseshoes These kinds of flashcards were used to help children learn the alphabet. A classic game that is still popular today. Throw the horseshoes and try land them right around the poll. Whoever gets closest wins the game. As a toy—hold both wooden beads Climbing Bear tight and pull the strings back and forth to make the bear climb the rope. Artifact What is it? How was it used? Ball and Cup Swing the ball on the string and try to catch it in the cup. A more modern example of the ball Ball and Board and cup. Swing the ball on the string and try to make it fall through the hole in the board. Whirly Gig Hold each end of the string and spin the button away from you so the string winds up. Pull the ends of the string apart from each other to make the button spin. Herbal Remedy Cards These cards show how certain flowers can be used to treat various ailments. Playing Cards Used for a variety of different games. Artifact What is it? How was it used? Jacob’s Ladder Fold the top piece over the second piece and watch what happens. If nothing happens, try doing it the other way Do Nothing This strange toy does exactly what the name implies: nothing. Simply spin the handle around the block in endless circles. Hammer Brothers Pull each end of the base back and forth to make the figures hammer the anvil. This toy is fun with 2 people playing at once. Corn Husk Doll These dolls were made by twisting and rolling corn husks into human figures. Sometimes people would stitch little outfits for them as well. Jaw Harp A folk instrument that has been around since the Middle Ages, it produces sound through vibrations. Artifact What is it? Sampler How was it used? Little girls would often learn how to sew by practicing their stitching small piece of fabric called a sampler. People used to write using quill Quill Pens (2) and Inkwell (1) pens made of a feather dipped in ink. Clay Marbles Marbles were made of clay and used to play many different kinds of games. Whimmy Diddle Move the stick against the notched pieces in one direction and the propeller will spin. Jumping Man Squeeze the handles together to make the man jump. Edu-Kit Catalogue: Early Settlers Spinning, Knitting and Weaving Artifact What is it? How was it used? Corking Set The corking set is like a beginner’s knitting kit, perfect for teaching children to make small crafts with yarn. Fleece Fleece is the coat of a sheep after it has been sheared. This material was spun and woven into a variety of crafts and clothing items. Spindles (5) These were used to spin long strings of yarn from sheep’s fleece. These strings could be used for various knitting and weaving projects. Carders (10) These wire brushes were used to comb fleece before spinning. Artifact What is it? How was it used? Instruction Cards These cards will tell you everything you need to know to start carding fleece, spinning yarn, and weaving in many different patterns. Finger Knitting Instruction Booklet This booklet provides photos and instructions for how to finger knit. Finger knitting is a great craft for kids because the only materials it requires are yarn and your hands. Knitted Bag with Hanging Frame This bag is just one example of the types of crafts that can be made by knitting. The frame can be used to hang your own projects. Sample Samples were often made by children and novice weavers to practice their skills. This sample shows you a complete example made on cardboard loom. Several cardboard loom templates are provided so you can start your own sample as well.