QM77
LEGISLATIVE
GUIDANCE NOTES
MANAGEMENT SURVEY
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INDEX
SECTION 1
RECOMMENDATIONS
SECTION 2
METHOD OF RISK ASSESSMENT
SECTION 3
DEFINITION OF TERMS
SECTION 4
LEGISLATION, CODES OF PRACTICE AND
GUIDANCE NOTES RELATING TO WORK WITH
ASBESTOS AND ASBESTOS RELATED
MATERIALS
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1.
Recommendations
1.1
Our recommendations detailed within the Register in Appendix A are based upon
each items’ potential for fibre release as recommended by the guidance published by
the Health and Safety Executive, and with regard the safety of asbestos in buildings.
1.2
A quantifiable assessment of the risk of fibre release has been made using an
algorithm which takes into account all factors relevant to the item and the normal
activities of the buildings occupants, so as far as we have been able to establish.
Recommended action will normally involve removal, encapsulation or management
described below:i)
Removal of those items vulnerable to damage or in such poor condition that
removal is the only practicable option or where refurbishment or demolition
works are planned, such as these works will impinge on the asbestos
materials present and render such removal necessary.
ii)
Enclosure or encapsulation (together with repair where necessary) where the
material is in poor condition/vulnerable to damage such that these works are
necessary.
iii)
Management of the asbestos materials present where these are not in poor
condition/vulnerable to damage by labelling/registering/ periodic inspection
as necessary. Such management should be undertaken to comply with the
employers’ duty of care, required by the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act
1974 and Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 (see other sections for
further such recommendation).
1.2.1
Definition of terms:-
i.
Enclosure:
Provision of physical barrier to provide mechanical
protection of the material so as to prevent it being
disturbed/damaged.
ii.
Encapsulation:
Provision of paint type coating to effect a continuous
seal to the surface of the material and thereby prevent
fibre release.
iii. Labelling:
Fixing of labels – standard ‘red A’ label as per
Schedule 2 of the Control of Asbestos Regulations
2012 (CAR) and the associated Approved Code of
Practice for Work with Materials Containing Asbestos,
to the surface of the material to warn of the hazard.
iv. Registering:
Entering of details, including nature/location/ extent of
material, in a register which is brought to the attention
of all persons who might plan or undertake works in
the building.
v.
Inspection of the material at regular (defined) intervals
to verify that its condition has not deteriorated such as
to necessitate enclosure/ encapsulation/removal.
Periodic inspection:
vi. Repair:
Addition of a seal to the material to prevent the further
deterioration and breakdown of the material. Should
also be carried out with labelling.
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1.3
vii. Removal:
Complete removal of the material under controlled
conditions so as to comply with CAR 2012.
viii. Manage:
Provision of a policy of regular (periodic) inspection
together with procedures, including but not
exclusively limited to action should deterioration be
observed, as well as training for staff and persons
possibly coming into contact with the material.
We suggest that all items recommended for removal be actioned as soon as possible
to minimise potential health risks. These items are either damaged or are liable (by
virtue of their location or material type) to be damaged in normal occupation or
maintenance of the premises, and therefore pose a significant health risk to any
persons in the vicinity.
The recommendations generated by the risk rating indicated on the asbestos
register are overridden if the building is due for demolition or major structural
alteration. Current guidance requires removal of all asbestos containing
materials likely to be affected by such works. Where materials are suspected to
be present and consist of or contain asbestos, contractors should (prior to
commencing refurbishment works) first confirm the existence of such materials
under controlled conditions. Such contractors must be licensed to work with
asbestos materials in accordance with the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012.
1.4
Works on or removal of asbestos cement items should be carried out using
precautions in accordance with the guidelines within the Health and Safety Executive
guidance note HSG 189/2 Working with Asbestos Cement and the HSE’s Asbestos
Essentials Task Manual HSG 210 and The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012.
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1.5
Any work with asbestos containing materials should be assessed and an appropriate
contractor appointed. All works must be completed in a controlled manner and in
accordance with the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 and current guidance e.g.
HSG247 - Asbestos: The Licensed Contractors Guide.
Licensed materials (as per CAR 2012):
Any asbestos containing materials deemed ‘licensable’ can only be worked
upon/removed by a licensed asbestos contractor and are usually subject to a 14 day
notification to the relevant enforcing authority (Health and Safety Executive or local
Environment Health Department). In some circumstances, a waiver of the 14 day
notice period may be granted, however, this is reviewed on an individual job by job
basis by the relevant enforcing authority.
Non-Licensed materials (as per CAR 2012):
Work with asbestos containing material not deemed as ‘licensable’ can be undertaken
by a competent non licensed contractor (a non licensed contractor must meet the
criteria detailed in regulation 3 of the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012) and are
not normally subject to a 14 day notice.
Important note: any non licensed materials acting as fire protection or for
insulation purposes become licensable under CAR 2012 and any works must be
undertaken by a licensed asbestos contractor.
1.6
An assessment and plan of work is required to be prepared by the contractor
undertaking the works, taking account of the relevant regulations and guidance and the
local enforcing authority should be notified that such works are to take place, if
necessary. All waste generated by removal/repair works is to be disposed of as
asbestos waste.
1.7
It is further recommended that all licensed asbestos works should be inspected and
tested by an independent UKAS accredited analyst, appointed by the client.
1.8
Work involving asbestos removal contractors will be subject to the Construction
(Design and Management) Regulations 2007. Where the works lasts longer than 30
days or involving over 500 person days of construction the works will be notifiable to
the Health and Safety Executive. The client is required to appoint CDM Co-ordinator
and must ensure his competency for the nature of the project as per the Construction
(Design and Management) Regulations 2007.
1.9
Prior to major refurbishment, structural alteration or demolition it is recommended
that a Refurbishment/Demolition or Destructive/Intrusive Survey for Asbestos
Containing Materials be carried out. The Survey should incorporate any areas to which
access was either partial or not available.
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2
Method of Risk Assessment
2.1
Introduction
2.1.1
The system of risk assessment, which has been adopted here, is based on the
current guidance and recommendations as set out by the HSE. The System
uses a two-part numerical algorithm.
2.1.2
The algorithm sets out the factors, which are most relevant in assessment of
the potential release of fibres from a suspect material. These factors have
been assigned quantifiable numerical values. The algorithm produces a
single numerical value for each asbestos item, which may then be used as a
priority rating for remedial work.
2.1.3
Both the material and priority assessments have been undertaken with
regard to the parameters as set out in the following tables:-
2.2 Material Assessment Algorithm
Sample Variable
Score
Examples of Scores
Product type
1
Asbestos reinforced composites (plastics, resins, mastics,
roofing felts, vinyl floor tiles, semi-rigid paints or
decorative finishes, asbestos cement etc.)
(or debris from
product)
2
3
Extent of
damage/deterioration
Good condition: no visible damage
1
Low damage: a few scratches or surface marks; broken
edges on boards, tiles etc.
Medium damage: significant breakage of materials or
several small areas where material has been damaged
revealing loose asbestos fibres
3
High damage or delamination of material, sprays and
thermal insulation. Visible asbestos debris.
0
Composite materials containing asbestos: reinforced
plastics, resins, vinyl tiles.
1
2
3
Asbestos type
Thermal insulating (e.g. pipe and boiler lagging),
sprayed asbestos, loose asbestos, asbestos mattresses and
packing
0
2
Surface treatment
Asbestos insulating board, mill boards, other low density
insulation boards, asbestos textiles, gaskets, ropes and
woven textiles, asbestos paper and felt.
Enclosed sprays and lagging, AIB (with enforced face
painted or encapsulated), asbestos cement sheets etc.
Unsealed AIB, or encapsulated lagging and sprays
Unsealed lagging and sprays
1
Chrysotile
2
Amphibole asbestos excluding crocidolite
3
Crocidolite
TOTAL
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2.3
Example of a risk assessment algorithm
Assessment parameter
Normal occupant activity
Main type of activity
in area
Score
Examples of score variables
0
Rare disturbance activity
(e.g. little used store room)
Low disturbance activities
(e.g. office type activity)
Periodic disturbance (e.g. industrial or vehicular activity
which may contact ACMs.)
High levels of disturbance,
(e.g. Fire door with AIB sheet in constant)
as above
1
2
3
Secondary activities for area
Likelihood of disturbance:
Location
Accessibility
Extent/amount
Human exposure potential:
Number of occupants
Frequency of use
of area
Average time area
is in use
Maintenance activity
Type of maintenance activity
as
above
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
Outdoors
Large rooms or well-ventilated areas
Rooms up to 100m2
Confined spaces
Usually inaccessible or unlikely to be disturbed
Occasionally likely to be disturbed
Easily disturbed
Routinely disturbed
Small amounts or items (e.g. strings, gaskets)
>10 m2 or 10m pipe run.
>10 -<50 m2 or >10 - <50m pipe run.
>50 m2 or >50m pipe run.
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
None
1–3
4 – 10
>10
Infrequent
Monthly
Weekly
Daily
<1 hour
>1 - <3 hours
>3 - <6 hours
>6 hours
0
0
Minor disturbance (e.g. possibility of contact when gaining
access)
Low disturbance
(e.g. changing light bulbs in AIB ceiling)
Medium disturbance (e.g. lifting one or two AIB ceiling
tiles to access a valve).
High levels of disturbance, (e.g. removing a number of
AIB ceiling tiles to replace a valve or for recabling).
ACM unlikely to be disturbed for maintenance.
1
2
3
<1 per year
>1 per year
> 1 per month
1
2
3
Frequency of maintenance
activity
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2.4
Application and use of algorithm
2.2.1
2.5
The algorithm value has been considered in providing a basis in determining
a recommendation for management and/or remedial works.
Calculating the material hazard
It must always be remembered that asbestos is only harmful if fibres are released into an area
where they can be inhaled.
•
The potential for fibre release can be determined by four factors:
o
the type of material and its properties e.g friability
o
the type of asbestos used
o
the condition of the material and any sealant or enclosure
o
the location of the material
•
The first three factors listed fall within the category of ‘Material Assessment’ whilst the
fourth can be used to decide a priority and is covered in the Risk Assessment
•
For the material assessment a score for each part of the algorithm is assigned and they
are totalled to give a final score of between 2 and 12. (Presumed or strongly presumed
ACMs are always scored as crocidolite (blue asbestos) unless there is strong evidence to
the contrary).
•
The outcome of the material assessment is a score which can be used to indicate the
potential for each material to release fibres. Scores of 10 or more are regarded as having
a high potential to release fibres, 7-9 = medium, 5-6 = low potential and 4 or less = very
low potential.
•
This material assessment identifies the high hazard materials, that is those that will most
likely release airborne fibres if disturbed. It does not automatically follow that those
materials assigned the highest score in the material assessment will be the materials that
should be given the priority for the remedial action
This information can then be used to form part of a risk assessment. Materials with
assessment scores of 10 or more are regarded as having a high potential to release fibres, if
disturbed. Scores of between 7 to 9 are regarded as having a medium potential and between 5
to 6 a low potential. Scores of 4 or less have a very low potential to release fibres.
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2.6
Risk Assessment
•
The material assessment gives a figure relating to the likelihood of an ACM to
release fibres.
•
As mentioned earlier, a high figure does not necessarily mean that that ACM has
to be dealt with first. The figure gives an estimate of likely bold.
•
In order to determine the bold other factors have to be considered.
•
The guidance to be produced by HSE suggests the following:
o
o
o
o
Occupant activity – compare a little used storage room to a frequently
used fire door made from AIB.
Likelihood of disturbance – 3 parameters are considered here; location
of ACM, accessibility and the amount or extent of the ACM
Human exposure potential – again 3 different parameters are noted;
number of occupants, frequency of use of the area and average time or
use of the area
Maintenance activity – is scored for type and also frequency.
•
Guidance produced by HSE suggests the use of an algorithm to provide a
consistent framework for this process.
•
Algorithm is used as follows:
o
o
o
•
Each of the factors listed above should be scored using the attached
table. The score for each factor is the sum of the scores for the
parameters divided by the number of parameters; eg. Factor =
maintenance activity. If the score is a 2 for type and a 1 for frequency
then the score would be 3 (sum of scores) divided by 2 (number of
parameters) = 1.5. Figures should be rounded up but as this is not a
precise science, some practical consideration of the area will be needed.
The resultant figures are then summed together and added to the
material assessment figure.
If this process is repeated for a number of ACMs, a comparative list for
action may be drawn up.
Algorithm is a tool. Further discussion/interpretation may be required. The
recommended actions stated in this report represent our considered opinion as to
the appropriate course of action for each material.
The risk assessment should produce a ranking of materials which reflects the risk
they present to people working on or near them. This will also form part of the final
management plan and can be used to prioritise any work needed.
It is important to understand that if the use of the space changes, in which the
asbestos containing materials are present, this may alter the risks associated with that
material. The condition of the material will also deteriorate over time and therefore
risk assessments should be carried out on a regular basis.
The attached tables of values and assessment parameters along with the framework
of the algorithm provides a useful tool for this purpose and is suggested as the most
effective method of maintaining up to date assessments.
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2.7
Priority Risk Assessment.
For each sample/inspection a priority risk assessment is compiled using an algorithm.
A point score (weighting) is allocated on the basis of the examination of a number of
parameters. The value assigned to each of these parameters is added together to give
a total score, the higher scores indicating high priority risk. These scores are added to
the material assessment scores to give an overall score, from this final score an
accurate management plan can be put in place, and depending on the score depends
on the recommendation.
Specific recommendations are made for each item of asbestos containing material
that is identified. These recommendations are calculated using the combined score of
the material assessment and priority assessment and are based upon a risk band score
developed from both algorithms.
The following describes the different risk bands and associated appropriate actions.
These are only guidelines and should still be reviewed for suitability in each
circumstance.
Risk Band A (15 Points or more) – High risk situation requiring immediate action.
The potential hazard arising from this category warrants urgent attention.
Immediate plans should be made for the room/area to be isolated and signage
positioned highlighting the immediate danger.
Immediate plans should be made for the removal or permanent enclosure of the
ACM.
Risk Band B (10 – 14 Points) – Medium risk situation requiring near term action.
The potential hazard arising from this category warrants near term attention.
Immediate plans should be made for the repair/encapsulation/enclosure or removal of
the ACM.
Risk Band C (7 – 9 Points) – Low risk situation requiring minor remedial works.
The potential hazard arising from this category warrants minor remedial works.
Immediate plans should be made for the repair/encapsulation/enclosure of the ACM.
Risk Band D (6 Points or less) – Minor risk situation requiring annual inspection.
The potential hazard arising from this category warrants an annual visual inspection
in order to ascertain any change to the ACM and priority risk.
Risk Band E (0 Points) – No Asbestos Detected In Sample.
No action necessary.
All priority risk assessment calculations are based on the information provided by the
duty holder at the time of inspection. If no information is provided by the duty holder
then priority risk assessments cannot be carried out.
It is the duty holder’s responsibility to check and confirm the accuracy of the
information provided before it’s inclusion within their asbestos management plan.
Should the usage of the building change for any reason the duty holder would be
required to re-calculate the risk scores and re-evaluate the management option for
any asbestos containing materials affected.
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3.
Definition of Terms
3.1.
Asbestos Materials in Buildings
3.1.1
Sprayed coatings applied in the UK were typically a mixture of hydrated asbestos
containing up to 85% asbestos, mainly amosite but crocidolite and mixtures have
been used. Primarily used for anti-condensation and acoustic control and fire
protection to structural steelwork. It is a friable material and is likely to release
fibres, especially if disturbed during repair and maintenance work. As it ages the
binding medium of sprayed asbestos may degrade with the consequent release of
more fibres.
3.1.2
Thermal insulation to boilers, vessels, pipe work, valves, etc also known as lagging.
Lagging may have a protective covering of cloth, tape, paper, metal or a surface
coating of cement. All types of asbestos may be found in lagging and the content
can vary between 15 and 100% asbestos. The likelihood of fibre release depends
upon its composition, friability and state of repair, but it is particularly susceptible to
damage and disturbance through maintenance work or the action of water leaks.
3.1.3
Asbestos insulating boards usually contain between 16 to 40% amosite, although
boards may be found to contain other types of asbestos and in other quantities.
Insulating boards were developed in the 1950s to provide an economical,
lightweight, fire resisting insulating material. As insulation board is semicompressed it is more likely to release fibres as a result of damage or abrasion. Work
on asbestos insulation board can give rise to high levels of asbestos fibre.
3.1.4
Asbestos cement products generally contain 10 to 15% of asbestos fibre bound in a
matrix of Portland Cement or autoclaved calcium silicate. All three types of asbestos
have been used in the manufacture of asbestos cement. The asbestos fibres in
asbestos cement are usually firmly bound in the cement matrix and will be released
only if the material is mechanically damaged or as it deteriorates with age.
3.1.5
Ropes, yarns and cloths are usually high in asbestos content , approaching 100% and
all three types of asbestos have been used in their manufacture. They were used as
packing, caulking or gasket materials where thermal or fire protection was required.
The risk of fibre released depends upon the structure of the material; bonded gasket
material is unlikely to release asbestos but an unbonded woven material may release
fibres when in use, especially if damaged or frayed.
3.1.6
Millboard, paper and paper products are usually high in asbestos content,
approaching 100%, and all three types of asbestos have been used in their
manufacture. They were used for insulation of electrical equipment and for thermal
insulation. Asbestos paper has been used as fireproofing and wood fibre panels.
These materials are not well bonded and will release asbestos fibres if subject to
abrasion and wear.
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3.1.7
Bitumen felts and coatings may contain asbestos either bound in the bitumen matrix
or as an asbestos paper liner. These materials are not likely to present a hazard
during normal installation or use, but should be removed and disposed of carefully at
the end of their usual life.
3.1.8
Reinforced plastics and floor tiles may contain asbestos either bound in the matrix or
as an asbestos paper liner. These materials are not likely to present a hazard during
normal installation or use, but should be removed and disposed of carefully at the
end of their useful life.
3.1.9
Textured coatings and paints may contain small amounts of asbestos e.g. “Artex”.
3.1.10 Mastics, sealants, putties and adhesives may contain small amounts of asbestos.
3.2
Forms of Survey/Inspection
3.2.1
Preliminary Inspection
Wherever possible, a preliminary inspection will be carried out in order to identify
and explain the type of survey required and assessments to be undertaken. It is also
important to agree how to record and use the results of the survey, so that the
employer can manage the risk effectively.
The inspection generally takes the form of a ‘walk through’ and the aim is to help to
identify any safety issues and site specific hazards which may be encountered during
a sampling survey. The inspection can help to confirm the accuracy of any plans
available, entry limitation to certain areas etc. and should therefore be undertaken in
conjunction with a person who has a good working knowledge of the site.
This preliminary inspection can also help to identify and provide the basis for an
agreement on which areas or items will not be included and decorations or finishes
that cannot be disturbed etc.
3.2.2
Management Survey
A Management Survey is the standard survey. Its purpose is to locate, as far as ia
reasonable practicable, the presence and extent of any suspected ACM’s in the
building which could be damaged or disturbed during normal occupancy, including
foreseeable maintenance and installation, and to assess their condition. If a material
sampled is found to contain asbestos, other similar homogenous materials can be
strongly presumed also to contain asbestos. Where materials are not homogenous, a
greater number of samples will be required (unless limitations have been agreed in
terms of access or financial constraints).
The report will detail all items of asbestos found, including the nature of the material,
asbestos content and condition, as well as fully annotated plans and photographs
(where necessary to locate or identify an item). A full risk assessment will be
provided for each item, together with recommendations for remedial action. Where
the presence of asbestos materials is suspected in areas/parts which are not really
accessible, these will be identified in our report and recommendations made for
further investigation as the area will be presumed to contain asbestos. A
methodology for such work may be found below.
3.2.3
Refurbishment/Demolition Survey
This type of survey is used to locate and describe as far as reasonably practicable, all
ACM’s in the building and may involve destructive inspection as necessary to gain
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access to all known parts, including those not normally accessible or easy to reach
(e.g. service ducts, under floor spaces, walls, cavities) to detect any asbestos
materials concealed within the building structure. The survey is designed to be used
as a basis for tendering the removal of ACM’s from the building prior to demolition
or major refurbishment. The survey notes areas of damage or where additional
asbestos debris may be expected to be present. All suspect materials are sampled
accordance with Asbestos: The Survey Guide (HSG264). Where there is high
probability of asbestos materials being distributed during opening-up an HSE
licensed asbestos contractor will be engaged to ensure safe access. Otherwise
appropriate building trades will be engaged for all necessary opening-up. The report
will detail all items of asbestos found, including the nature of the material, asbestos
content and condition, as well as fully annotated plans and photographs (where
necessary to locate or identify an item). A full risk assessment will be provided for
each item together with recommendations for remedial action. A methodology for
such work may be found below.
3.2.4
Partial Refurbishment/Demolition Surveying in a Premises
This type of survey is restricted to areas of a premises where partial refurbishment
works, which disturb the fabric of the building are to be undertaken. The
methodology is the same as Refurbishment/Demolition surveying (3.2.3) in the areas
indicated within the report. All other surveying undertaken within the premises will
be a Management Survey, as defined within the introduction. The introduction will
also establish where further information may be found, relating to possible additional
ACM’s of surveys already undertaken (eg. referring to a full management survey
undertaken by another surveying practice in which the data herein should be read in
conjunction with).
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3.3
Methodology for Inspection/Survey of Asbestos Containing Materials
3.3.1
The procedure for identifying suspected asbestos containing building materials is as
follows;
a.
b.
c.
d.
Carefully check all spaces in the building(s) or area(s) to be inspected where
safe access is granted in a systematic manner. Devise a methodical order
applicable to the site and inspect walls, partitions, ceilings, floors, beams,
ducts, risers, plant and equipment.
Identify the suspected asbestos containing building materials. All materials
not readily identifiable as non asbestos should be considered suspect until the
results of sampling prove otherwise;
Group these materials into homogenous sampling areas, uniform in texture,
colour, and which in all other respects appear identical. Materials which
appear to have been installed at different times or if there is any other reason
to suspect that materials may be different then the materials must be allocated
to different sampling areas.
Identification of suspect materials and selection of homogenous sampling
areas are by their very nature subjective processes. If there is any doubt the
material must be considered suspect or allocated a separate sampling area as
appropriate.
3.3.2
Prepare and annotate sketch plans.
3.3.3
Determination of the number of samples to be taken is in accordance with Asbestos:
The Survey Guide (HSG264).
3.3.4
Determination of the locations from where samples will be taken is dependant upon
the nature of the material but should be chosen so as far as is possible the sample will
be representative of the area and that personal bias is avoided.
3.3.5
Samples will then be collected using the techniques set out in the company
sampling/procedure manual.
3.3.6
All information will be recorded on standard sample report forms, which detail the
location, condition, nature and extent of the material from where the sample was
taken, together with the unique reference number and results of analysis, asbestos
type and approximate percentage content.
3.3.7
How the information is recorded on site will ultimately reflect in the register, risk
assessment and recommended remedial action. Location of all materials sampled
will be recorded on annotated plans to avoid confusion encountered by using
descriptive text. The annotation will include the nature, condition, location and
extent of the material.
3.3.8
A mathematical algorithm based upon all the factors, which give rise to fibre
release, which can be assessed at the time of inspection. The algorithm and
definitions are given in section 4 of this report. Use of this algorithm produces
uniformity between surveyors and sites surveyed leading to a more precise product.
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3.3.9
Whilst on site, we will make every effort to establish the full extent of asbestos
materials within the limits defined by the survey type. However where access has
been limited by presence of either ‘hazards’, refusal of access by tenant or similar, or
there are parts present of which we have no knowledge, we will not be able to
inspect these parts and thus cannot report on any asbestos that may be present in such
parts. These parts will, where possible, be detailed in the areas excluded from
inspection/survey within the written report. Typically such parts may include any or
all of the following:a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Flues, ducts, voids or any similarly enclosed areas, the access to which will
necessitate the use of specialist equipment or tools or which will cause
damage to decoration, fixtures, fittings or the structure.
Any parts or surfaces that would require the removal or relocation of carpets,
furniture, blinds, curtains, fixtures or fittings.
Any part requiring specialist access equipment other than stepladders. No
provision is made for specialist access equipment unless otherwise stated.
Concealed spaces, which may exist within the fabric of the building, where
the extent or presence of these is not evident due to inaccessibility or
insufficient knowledge or information supplied as to the structure.
The presence of asbestos in voids (under floor, floor, wall or ceiling) other
than those opened up during site investigation.
Bulk samples to be taken, at the frequency given in Asbestos: The Survey
Guide (HSG264), from all materials that upon visual inspection appear likely
to contain asbestos. However a reduced sampling density may be adopted to
meet client imposed technical or financial restraints (e.g. fixed price fee) and
the report annotated accordingly.
Samples will not be taken where the act of sampling would endanger the
surveyor or compromise the functional integrity of the item concerned. For
example; flash guards to fuse carriers within live electrical boxes, panels
within fire doors, gaskets associated with heating, glazing or power plant etc.
Whilst every effort will be made to identify the true nature and extent of the
asbestos material present in the building(s), no responsibility can be accepted
for the presence of asbestos in materials other than those sampled at the
requisite density (see g above).
Items of bitumen, plastic, resin or rubber, which may contain asbestos, the
thermal and acoustic properties of which are incidental to its main purpose,
will be excluded from the survey unless specifically stated otherwise.
Reference to materials as Asbestos Insulating Board or Asbestos Cement
will be based upon their asbestos content and visual appearance alone.
Water absorption tests on materials will not be carried out unless stated
otherwise.
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3.3.10
The criteria for sampling of suspected asbestos materials are that for the first
homogeneous area all suspect materials will be sampled in accordance with
Asbestos: The Survey Guide (HSG264): a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
For sprayed coatings one sample per 10 – 15m2 or in installations exceeding
100m2, one sample per 25 – 30m2 should be sufficient. Care being taken to
include all layers of the coating;
Lagging. In general one sample per 3m of pipe run, or for longer runs (over
20m) one sample every 6m will usually be sufficient. Particular attention
should be paid to pipe elbows, taps and valves. At least 2 samples of boiler
or cylinder lagging should be taken from any one unit, with additional
samples from any “patched” area of insulation on pipe work or plant;
Insulation board. One sample per sheet should be sufficient, provided it is
representative of the sheet as a whole. If numerous seemingly identical
panels have been used then 2 or 3 sheets should be sampled. If they contain
asbestos the others will be assumed to do so too.
Asbestos Cement Products. Unless there are obvious differences between
sheets, pipe runs etc., two or three samples should be taken for each roof, or
run of guttering or pipe work. Particular care should be taken to avoid
accidents when sampling roofing materials.
For asbestos ropes, yarns, cloth, millboard and paper products one small
sample from each location should be sufficient.
For textured coatings 2-3 samples should be taken in different areas of the
ceiling or coated areas as the material is unlikely to be uniform in content.
Thermo-plastic floor tiles, sealants and mastics. One sample from one tile of
each colour used in each room or location where they are laid.
Bitumen roofing felt, damp proof course, gutter lining and flashings. One
small sample per roll or run of material.
One sample only will be taken from all similar subsequent findings unless:i
ii
j
Result exists for identical building elements
Where a building element is suspected to contain an asbestos
containing material of known composition and that material is
within the building element concerned
iii
In which case no further samples will be taken of the repeat
finding(s)
Only one sample of each type of debris found in any one functional space
will be taken.
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3.3.11
Reports compiled as a result of the inspection strategy noted above will detail:a.
Details of the nature, location, extent and condition of the material, along
with risk assessments and laboratory test results of samples taken,
photographs (where specified) and annotated location diagrams.
b.
Details of the sites, buildings and locations, together with annotated floor
plans.
c.
A risk assessment algorithm to produce an objective risk rating that may be
used for comparative purposes.
d.
Periodic inspection record, providing an up to date risk assessment and
historical record of the material, from its discovery to eventual removal.
e.
Management plan in accordance with proposed legislation.
3.3.12
Where required by the client, a database for the management of the asbestos
information in a site (used to provide a fast, easy to use and comprehensive tool to
help property owners and managers record all information generated by survey and
used for risk assessment) will contain the following information:a.
b.
c.
d.
Details of the nature, location, extent and condition of the material, along
with risk assessments and laboratory test results of samples taken,
photographs and location diagrams.
Details of the sites, buildings and locations managed, together with
diagrams, floor plans and photographs.
A risk assessment algorithm to produce an objective Risk Rating that may be
used for comparative purposes.
Periodic inspection record, providing an up to date risk assessment and
historical record of the material, from its discovery to eventual removal.
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4.
Legislation, Approved Codes of Practice and Guidance Notes for
Work with Asbestos and Asbestos Containing Materials.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Legislation, Approved Codes of Practice and Guidance Notes dealing with asbestos
for England and Wales include but not exclusively those listed on the following
pages. Equivalent documentation exists for Scotland and Northern Ireland
respectively.
All Legislation, Approved Codes of Practice and Guidance Notes listed together with
any subsequent amendments or revisions and any new relevant requirements should
be considered before undertaking any work with asbestos or asbestos containing
materials.
The following Legislation, Approved Codes of Practice and Guidance Notes deal
primarily with asbestos. Other legislation dealing with health and safety matters has
not been listed here, although such legislation still applies to work with asbestos and
should be considered at all times.
The following list was last revised in April 2007.
Legislation
1.
The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974:a.
Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012.
c.
Control of Asbestos in the Air Regulations 1990;
d.
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999;
f.
Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992;
g.
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998;
h.
Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007;
i.
Carriage of Dangerous Goods (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) and use of
Transportable Pressure Receptacles Regulations 1996;
j.
Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996;
k.
Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail Regulations 1996;
l.
Reporting of injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations 1995
(Revised 1999);
m.
The Health and Safety (Fees) Regulations 2002;
n.
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002;
o.
Workplace (Health, Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1992
2.
The Control of Pollution Act 1974:a.
Special Waste Regulations (Scotland only) 1996;
b.
Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002, and
subsequent amendments;
c.
Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005
3.
The Environmental Protection Act 1990:a.
Environmental Projection (Duty of Care) Regulations 1991;
b.
Waste Management Licensing Regulations 1994 (Revised 1999);
c.
Controlled Waste Regulations 1992 (Revised 1993);
d.
Controlled Waste (Regulations of Carriers and Seizure of Vehicles) Regulations
1991 (Revised 1998);
e.
Environmental Protection (Prescribed Processes and Substances) Regulations 1991
(Revised 1998).
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Approved Codes of Practice: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Work with materials containing asbestos. Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 Approved code of practice L143 (First Edition).
Waste Management. The Duty of Care. Approved Code of Practice (1991);
Respiratory protective equipment; legislative requirements and lists of approved standards
and type approved equipment, Fourth Edition (1995);
The Carriage of Dangerous Goods Explained Part 1, HGS160 (1996);
The Carriage of Dangerous Goods Explained Part 2, HGS161 (1996);
The Management of Asbestos in non-domestic properties. Regulation 4 of the Control of
Asbestos Regulations, L127 (2012).
A comprehensive guide to managing asbestos in premises HSG227 (2002).
ISO 17020:1998 General criteria for the operation of various types of bodies performing
inspection.
BS EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000 General requirements for the competence of testing and
calibration laboratories.
Health and Safety Executive Guidance Notes:1.
Environmental Hygiene Series:a.
2.
Medical Series:a.
3.
EH 57 The problems of asbestos removal at high temperatures (1993)
MS 13 Asbestos (Revised Third Edition, 1999)
Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances Series:a.
b.
c.
MDHS 87
Fibres in Air; Guidance on the discrimination between fibre type in
samples of airborne dust on filters using microscopy (1999);
Asbestos: The Survey Guide (2010)
MDHS 39/4 Asbestos Fibres in Air; Sampling and evaluation by phrase contrast
microscopy (PCM) under the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
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4.
Health and Safety Guidance Series:a.
HSG 53
Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective
equipment (Revised 1998).
Introduction to asbestos essentials: Comprehensive guidance on
working with asbestos in the building maintenance and allied
trades (2001).
Asbestos essentials task manual: Task guidance sheets for the
building maintenance and allied trades (2001).
b.
HSG213
c.
HSG210
d.
HSG248
Asbestos: The Analysts’ Guide for sampling, Analysis and
e.
HSG247
Clearance Procedures
Asbestos: The Licensed Contractors Guide
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