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Our History
Stories from the Historical Committee
Windflyer: The John Walker Spy Case
by Beverly Andress with Ray Batvinis
What she didn’t know, fortunately, was that John was
now selling the KGB U.S. Navy secrets stolen by their son,
Michael, then serving aboard the aircraft carrier Nimitz. I
Oleg Kalugin called him a spy “who turns up once in a
say “fortunately” because in a later televised interview with
lifetime.” High praise; especially from a KGB general with
journalist Barbara Walters, Barbara confessed that she would
thirty years of intelligence experience and a resume that
have taken the family secret to the grave had she known her
included the kidnapping of a FBI double agent off the streets
son was involved.
of Vienna, Austria. Kalugin was also the spy’s original handler.
Walker began his spying in 1967 when he walked
One high ranking American intelligence official offered a
into the Soviet Embassy in Washington, DC and handed
much darker assessment charging that no sentence imposed
an official a sample of the keylists for the Top-Secret KL-47
by a court could “atone for the unprecedented damage” the
cryptographic machine. After retiring from the U.S. Navy in
spy had done to U.S. national security. Both were referring to
1976, he settled in Virginia Beach, where he was living in
John Anthony Walker who was arrested by the FBI thirty years
1985. ago this month.
The Norfolk FBI office was relatively small at the time
The case began one day in November 1984 in tiny West
with a complement of forty Agents assigned to just four
Dennis, MA when Barbara, John’s estranged wife, telephoned
squads. Its size made it valuable as a training ground for new
the Boston office with a remarkable tale to tell. Fueled by
Agents. Squad Four, responsible for counterintelligence and
heavy doses of booze, impoverishment and years of marital
applicant matters, was made up of highly seasoned Agents
misery she began describing John’s spying for the Russians
and first office rookies. I was in the latter category.
while he served in the U.S. Navy. Over the span of almost
At the end of February 1985, Boston’s “airtel” landed
twenty years, the KGB had paid him approximately one
on the desk of our supervisor, a courtly Virginia lawyer and
million dollars for America’s most sensitive cryptographic
true gentleman, named Joe Wolfinger. Joe wasted no time
secrets; keys that opened the door to the highest level White
in selecting Bob Hunter to handle what would become the
House and Pentagon thoughts and plans. She suspected that
famous Windflyer investigation. Bob was the ideal choice.
he was still spying.
His impressive resume included 18 years of experience in
That wasn’t all. John had accomplices. There was his
both criminal and FCI matters including the Brian Patrick
brother, Arthur and a close Navy friend later revealed as
Horton case. (Brian Horton was a U.S. Navy enlisted man
Jerry Whitworth. John also made an unsuccessful attempt
working for the Nuclear Strike Planning Branch at the
to recruit his daughter, Laura, into espionage. Barbara had
Commander-in-Chief compound, who tried to sell Top Secret
known about his treachery almost from the beginning and
information to the Russians.) Bob was also Joe’s primary
had even accompanied him on spying missions. It had been
relief, and Joe trusted his judgment implicitly.
the family’s dirty little secret for years.
“Hell hath no fury like a woman
scorned” wrote the eighteenth century
English playwright, William Congreve.
That famous line was undoubtedly hidden
in the deep recesses of Bob’s mind at the
start of the case. He had to know Barbara’s
motive. Was she being truthful? Or was she
merely a vengeful spouse falsely accusing
a decorated U.S. Navy veteran and popular
Virginia Beach businessman? The answer
was critical. If she lied, then the case
would be still-born. Her truthfulness,
however, would have devastating
implications for the nation’s security. Bob
Hunter relied on Paul Culligan in Buffalo,
Squad 4 in 1985: Kevin Kenneally, Ray Zicarelli, John Hodges, Bev Andress and Bob Hunter
30 May 2015
who was in touch with Laura Walker and Case Agent Walter
Price was working with Barbara in Boston to convince them
to take a polygraph. After agreeing, both mother and daughter
quickly found themselves wired up by Barry Colvert, one of
the Bureau’s finest polygraph examiners. Barry’s conclusions
were both definitive and terrifying — no deception indicated.
Life for all of us on Squad Four suddenly became a
relentless probe of John Walker’s life. We discovered that he
was a well-known and wired-in private-eye who owned and
operated two businesses. One was a detective agency called
Confidential Reports. The other was Electronic Counter-Spy, a
company which specialized in sweeping rooms and vehicles
for listening and tracking devices. A look at his personal
life surfaced a lively romance with a Norfolk police officer.
Working closely with John Hodges, another talented veteran,
Bob concluded that these three factors forced us to rule
out any physical surveillance or contacts with community
sources.
We caught a real break, however, in April when, through
a combination of hard work and chutzpah, Dave Szady
(known to most of us as the “Z-Man”), the FBI headquarters
supervisor handling the case, managed to get a court-ordered
wiretap on John’s home, office and house-boat telephones
despite absolutely no evidence of recent espionage activity.
Z’s miracle soon produced a flood of insights into Walker’s
movements, friends, contacts and perhaps most importantly,
his personality. Day after day John’s long hours on the
telephone exposed him for what he really was — a worthless,
self-centered and horrid creature who lied with impunity
even to his closest friends. Wolfinger later described him as
“a man who lied even when the truth would have served him
better.”
We soon narrowed our focus on John and Arthur’s
financial records as far back as they existed looking for any
unusual cash deposits. Arthur also lived in Virginia Beach
and worked for VSE Corporation, a defense contractor.
Passport records and foreign travel were analyzed as well for
any correlation with these deposits. Military records, which
arrived in March, made for scary reading. Both brothers were
retired career officers in the submarine service. Both had
Top Secret clearances for most of those years. John, trained
as a Radio Man, rose to the rank of Warrant Officer. Toward
the end of his career, he became a Cryptographic Custodian
responsible for the security of the U.S. Navy’s highest level
codes, ciphers and coding machines.
In Spy Hunter, a memoir Bob Hunter wrote years later
about the case, he described his request for a National
Security Agency assessment of John’s personnel file. After
one careful reading, the “visibly shaken” NSA expert offered
a chilling observation. “If these people gave the Soviets the
information they had access to, the damage will be not only
grave, it will be catastrophic.”
After the initial hubbub marking the start of the case,
things began settling into a regular routine until one day the
wild-card turned up — Barbara! In early April she traveled
to Norfolk for a ten-day visit with her daughter, Margaret.
Within hours of her arrival, Bob secretly met with her to
develop more information. Margaret knew nothing about her
mother’s call to the FBI but Barbara had told Arthur. Did he
warn John? She didn’t know. She had not spoken to either
of them. John knew she was in town, however, and would
demand a meeting with her. He never missed the chance
to bully her into keeping her mouth shut about the family
secret.
My role in the investigation abruptly shifted when I
became Barbara’s temporary minder. Bob introduced me
to a sad, chain smoking, hard drinking woman trapped in a
world of fear and deceit now complicated even further by
her secret cooperation with the FBI. She was terrified of her
ex-husband, yet she knew she had to meet him. Barbara and
I soon began lunching together, shopping together, running
errands and just driving around together. My only two
missions were to study her and to steady her.
It all went well. She remained strong when she met with
John, showing great courage in the face of his verbal abuse,
particularly so considering John’s hint that he was still spying
and that Michael might be involved. We all breathed a huge
sigh of relief, however, when we learned that neither she nor
Arthur had tipped him off. After an anxious week and a half,
we finally got Barbara out of town.
Working in a forty-man office can be hectic when
multiple high profile cases are underway at the same time.
Norfolk was no different. While we concentrated on John
and Arthur, the criminal squad was zeroing in on Thomas
Manning, a Top-Ten fugitive wanted for ten bombings and
the 1981 murder of a New Jersey state trooper. Squeezed
into the same off-site, the Squad Four crew monitored the
wiretap on John sitting side by side with the criminal squad
while they kept their eyes on a CCTV focused on a mail box
they believed Manning had rented. Toward the end of April,
Manning’s wife cleared the box leading to a surveillance that
ended with their arrest.
I can still recall Butch Holtz, Ray Zicarelli, Kevin
Kenneally, Ed Schrader and the rest of us listening day
in and day out to John’s seemingly endless personal and
business telephone conversations. Following each call, we
made a record of his schedule along with planned meetings,
investigations and other jobs he had to do in the days and
weeks ahead. It gradually fell into a dull routine until the
evening of Thursday, May 16, 1985, when John’s tearful
mother called to tell him that “Aunt Amelia has cashed
in her chips” — her own colorful way of announcing the
death of his favorite aunt (a woman who we later learned
had practically raised him). Her funeral was scheduled for
Saturday, May 18, in Scranton, PA. John went on ad-nauseam
with “Mommy,” as he always called her, bemoaning Aunt
Amelia’s loss, but explaining that he could not attend as he
had something to do. John then called Arthur to inform him.
Aunt Amelia would have been so proud of her two nephews
had she known they settled on one bouquet of flowers from
them both after bickering over who was going to pay the
florist bill. Next, he spoke to his police officer fiancée, P.K.
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over the previous three months slowly deflated to boredom,
Carroll, who yelled at him for blowing off the funeral. That’s
however, as we idled away the day watching John cut his
when he insisted that he had to do something that weekend
grass, run errands and plan a dinner with a woman, while
that “only” he could do.
his fiancée was working. We broke off that evening only
The next day, a Friday, John was in the office again and
to mount up again, same time, same place, same crew on
as usual on the phone chatting. Everyone seemed to get a
Sunday morning. Shortly after noon, Hodges suddenly saw
different story regarding his weekend plans. With one caller,
John emerge from his house, get into his van and briefly drive
he was going to Charlotte and with another he was off to
around his neighborhood looking for surveillance. Convinced
Nags Head. Something was up but we didn’t know what.
that he was clean, John then made his way to Interstate 64
Then moments before the office closed, John offered us a
and began heading west. This operation forever sold me on
tantalizing clue. Picking up the telephone receiver to place
the value of aircraft surveillance. While we followed behind
a call, he momentarily hesitated to speak to some office
out of sight, Hank and John, sitting three thousand feet
workers who were leaving for the evening. Now with a live
overhead, never took their eyes off of him. The trigger point
microphone into his office we clearly heard him announce
was the Interstate 64/95 intersection. Would he go north on
that he was leaving for the weekend and would return to
I-95 to Washington or south to some place unknown. He
the office on Monday. He then put down the phone, never
swung onto the northbound ramp. Bingo!
completing the call. That tidbit of information suddenly
Wolfinger immediately relayed John’s change in direction
changed the course of the investigation.
to a command post at WFO. Moments later eighty-five
Just weeks before that Friday conversation, we
“beepers” (“The Big Beep”) went off signaling Agents and
had convened a conference to review our full range of
SSG personnel to begin a static surveillance at predetermined
investigative options. Wolfinger invited Culligan together
choke-points
with Jack Lowe and Jim
throughout suburban
“Dr. K” Kolouch, both
Maryland and
highly knowledgeable
Virginia. At 3:30 am
about KGB and GRU
Monday, May 20,
practices in Washington
1985, Bob arrested
as well as Szady and
John in the dark
Dennis DeBrandt from
hallway of a Ramada
Headquarters. The
Inn at Rockville, MD.
Department of Defense
Over the
was desperate to learn
previous twelve
what Walker gave up to
hours, WFO
Russians. The gravity of
watched Walker
his crimes ruled out any
cruise around the
thought of turning him
Virginia side of the
as a double agent. An
Capitol Beltway and
interrogation was quickly
across the American
rejected. His familiarity
Legion Bridge into
with law enforcement
Montgomery County
procedures would lead
driving aimlessly
to his immediate demand
for the next several
for an attorney. In the
hours looking for
end, our options were
surveillance in
reduced to trailing John
anticipation of filling
to Washington in the
John Walker. Photo courtesy of the International Spy Museum
and clearing his
hope of catching him
drop. Surveillance is
in the act of placing
like a battle. You make a plan, but once the battle is joined,
and clearing a dead drop — a gutsy call considering such a
you toss it away. In this case we lost him. After glumly waiting
tactic had never before been conducted. Norfolk and WFO
for several hours, Doug Stauffer and his team suddenly
began crafting a plan for a two-hundred mile surveillance,
boosted our spirits with the announcement that they found
commencing on a moment’s notice.
Walker’s package hidden along the side of a road in rural
Now the moment had come to kick our plan into action.
Poolesville, MD.
The first surveillance of John Walker started on Saturday
The mother lode was a plastic garbage bag containing a
morning at 7:00 am with heavy reliance on aircraft coverage.
thick plastic package made up of eight by ten inch copies of
Henry “Hank” Bolin, an ex-Marine fighter pilot and, John
classified documents that included 129 stolen naval secrets.
Hodges, an ex-Air Force flier, were in the plane. Hank was
A thick study identifying the weaknesses of the land-based
at the controls with John spotting. All the tension built up
32 May 2015
Tomahawk missile, schematics and vulnerabilities of the USS
Nimitz’s missile defense system, an exhaustive study of how
America’s spy satellites could be sabotage and authentic
codes needed to launch US nuclear missiles were just
samplings of the impressive cache. Walker’s fate was sealed
when Department of Justice attorney, John Dion, authorized
his arrest on charges of espionage.
When WFO took over the surveillance, our team
returned to Norfolk. I got home late and exhausted. Around
4:00 am, Bob Hunter rousted me out of bed with a call
telling me that John was in custody. I was to meet up at the
office with the other Agents to begin interviews and searches.
Carroll Deane, a savvy criminal Agent (Hunter and Wolfinger
knew I needed adult supervision) and I soon found ourselves
knocking on Arthur’s door to start an interview. I knew the
facts but Carroll knew the ropes. He was the consummate
professional and I’ll forever be thankful to him for being
there. Our interview with Arthur that day lasted eight hours.
Over the next four days, Deane, Hodges, Kenneally and I
along with Barry Colvert interviewed Arthur for a total of
thirty-five hours. Following each failed polygraph, Art would
dribble out more incriminating facts about his involvement.
Gradually, he just started showing up at the office, often
before start of business, trying “to clear things up.” On May
24, 1985 he finally gave us a sworn signed statement about
documents he stole from his employer, VSE. Nine days after
John’s arrest, Arthur was taken into custody.
In the hours following John’s arrest, the Norfolk Naval
Base sent a flash message to the Nimitz then making a port
call at Haifa, Israel. It was an order for Michael Walker’s
arrest. When confronted by Naval Investigative Service
Agents, he denied everything. Some hours later after sitting
alone in the ship’s brig the twenty-one year old seaman asked
to speak to an Agent. His statements would later help seal his
fate as well. Weeks later, Jerry Whitworth, John’s Navy friend
then living in California, became the fourth man arrested.
After two more years of legal wrangling and lengthy
government debriefing sessions, all four received lengthy
prison sentences. John, ever the conniver, agreed to a life
term in exchange for a reduction in Michael’s sentence to
twenty-five years. He agreed also to testify against his close
friend, Jerry. As remote as the possibility was, the deal left the
door open for John’s future parole. A furious John Lehman,
then the Navy Secretary, publicly denounced the agreement
and resigned in protest after learning that Secretary of
Defense Caspar Weinberger had signed off on the deal. As for
the hapless Arthur, he was sentenced to a life sentence after
his conviction on all charges. Jerry took his chances in court
and lost. He is now in Leavenworth Prison where he will
remain for the next 350 years.
Three decades later, Barbara, John and Arthur are all
gone. Barbara died a few years ago. Ironically, both John and
Arthur were eligible for parole this year. They died within
a month of each other last summer in the Federal Prison
Hospital at Butner, NC. As for Michael, he was paroled in
2000 after serving fifteen years. Today, he lives quietly in
Massachusetts struggling to rebuild his life as a local artist.
Me, I’m retired and living the good life in Florida. But
today as I enjoy an easier pace — sharing days filled with
family and friends — I still occasionally think back to those
FOA years in Norfolk and realize how blessed I was. Not
only was I was privileged to learn from wonderful mentors
but the Walker case was probably the defining moment
which set the course for the rest of my Bureau career. A
person couldn’t get any luckier.
Our June 2015 history column will be The Kidnap Racket: E.J.
Connelley and the Weyerhaeuser Kidnapping by Brian Hunt.
Happy Armed
Forces Day!
We honor all of our veterans who have served
in the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, U.S. Coast Guard,
U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Navy!
The first holiday was celebrated on May 20,
1950 with parades, open houses, receptions and air
shows.
John Walker’s briefcase. Photo courtesy of the International
Spy Museum
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