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 Name: ____________________________________ Date: ____________________ Motion Transmission & Transformation
Motion and Forces 1. Motion is movement and cannot occur by itself ­ it must be caused by a ​
force​
acting on the object​
. 2. Once something is in motion, it can only be ​
stopped by a force​
acting on the object. 3. The force that slows down two objects in contact with each other is called​
​
friction​
. 4. The units these forces are measured in are called ​
Newtons​
(N)​
. Types of Motion When things move, they either move in a ​
straight line​
or they ​
turn​
around a central point. Based on these two types of motion, there are 4 terms in science that we use to describe motion: Type of motion Description of motion rectilinear (translation) a straight line moving in one direction alternating (translation) moving back and forth in a straight line circular (rotation) moving around a central point (circle) in one direction oscillatory (rotation) moving back and forth around a central point (circle) helical combination of both translation and rotation Symbol Example window, drawer, skateboard, car keys on keyboard, trumpet’s piston valves clock hands, fan, door on hing swing, pendulum water bottle cap, walking up a spiral staircase, rollercoaster 1 Name: ____________________________________ Date: ____________________ Motion Transmission To transmit a message means to pass a message on. When we transmit motion, we pass the same type of motion on from one part to another in a system. For example, gears pass on circular motion from one gear to the next. Five common mechanisms for transmitting motion: 1. Gear train system 2. Friction gear system 3. Chain and sprocket system
4. Belt and pulley system 5. Worm and worm gear system Motion Transformation When we transform motion, we change it from going in a straight line to turning, or vice versa. For example we twist a screw and nut together, the nut moves up and down the body of the screw. 2 Name: ____________________________________ Date: ____________________ Four common mechanisms for transforming motion: 1. Slider­crank system 2. Rack and pinion system 3. Cam and follower system 4. Screw gear system In the table on the following page, complete a simple drawing for each of the 8 stations located around the room. For each object, label the motion of the moving parts using the motion symbols we learned today. Then label each object as either having motion transmission, transformation or both and explain. 3 Name: ____________________________________ Date: ____________________ Station # Drawing of Object with Motion Arrows Is this Transmission, Transformation or both? Explain 1 2 3 4 Drawing of Object with Motion Arrows Is this Transmission, Explain Transformation or Station # 4 Name: ____________________________________ Date: ____________________ both? 5 6 7 8 5