RESPIRATORY THERAPY MANUAL Hôpital régional de Sudbury Regional Hospital ISSUED BY: AUTHORIZED BY: ICU Patient Care Team Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee Critical Care Program Council 03 July 2003 REVISION DATE: 25 Jan 2008 27 Nov 2007 13 July 2005 12 May 2004 11 Dec 2003 CATEGORY: Policy and Procedure cross-ref with Medication Administration PAGE: 1 SUBJECT: Epoprostenol sodium (Flolan) Administration via Nebulizer ISSUE DATE: of 5 VALUE STATEMENT It is the mission of the HRSRH to deliver safe and quality administration of flolan to patients. POLICY Inhalation of nebulized epoprostenol sodium is used in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension to provide selective pulmonary vasodilation and improve arterial oxygenation. Flolan may also improve cardiac output, especially in RV failure caused or exacerbated by pulmonary vasoconstriction. Nebulized Epoprostenol sodium will be administered by the Registered Respiratory Therapist or Registered Nurse in the Intensive Care Unit on the order of the physician for the following clinical conditions: • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) • Hypoxia evidenced by FiO2 requirements > 0.60 • RV Failure caused or exacerbated by pulmonary vasoconstriction The methods of delivery of nebulized epoprostenol sodium include: • Ventilator • Non-invasive ventilation • Mask and nebulizer NOTE: There is minimal data available on the side effects of exposure to epoprostenol sodium in pregnancy, therefore pregnant staff should avoid exposure when the delivery method is non-invasive ventilation or mask and nebulizer. PROCEDURE Respiratory Therapist Responsibilities: A. Ventilator Prior to Epoprostenol sodium administration • Ventilate as per Mechanical Ventilation Guidelines in ALI/ARDS (NIH) policy and procedure • Arterial Blood Gases • Calculate and record PaO2/FIO2 ratio • Record peak airway pressure • Record plateau pressure Ventilator set up requirements • Use AVEA ventilator or equivalent • Set up air/oxygen blender • Remove heat moisture exchanger (HME) • Install heated humidifier and disposable dual heated wire circuit CATEGORY: SUBJECT: • • • • Policy and Procedure cross-ref with Medication Administration Epoprostenol sodium (Flolan) Administration via Nebulizer PAGE: 2 of 5 Put Pall filter on expiratory line of ventilator circuit and change Q6H and PRN. NOTE: Due to the “sticky” nature of the glycine diluent, the filter may have to be changed more frequently. Install nebulizer system with IV port (for continuous infusion of medication) on inspiratory line of ventilator circuit at patient wye. Set blender to same FIO2 as set on ventilator Set flow from blender to nebulizer at 6 Lpm B. Non-Invasive Ventilation Prior to Epoprostenol sodium administration • Arterial blood gases • Calculate and record PaO2/FIO2 ratio Non-Invasive Ventilator set up requirements • Set up air/oxygen blender • Install heated humidifier • Change non-invasive circuit to disposable heated wire circuit • Install nebulizer system with IV port (for continuous infusion of medication) on non-invasive circuit distal to temperature probe. • Set blender to same FIO2 as set on non-invasive ventilation unit • Set flow from blender to nebulizer at 6 Lpm C. Face Mask and Nebulizer Prior to Epoprostenol sodium administration • Arterial blood gases • Calculate and record PaO2/FIO2 ratio Face Mask and Nebulizer set up requirements • Set up air/oxygen blender • Install nebulizer system with IV port onto face mask • Set blender to same FIO2 as patient currently on • Set flow from blender to nebulizer at 6 Lpm Assessments following initiation of Epoprostenol sodium A. Ventilated Patients • Record peak airway pressure and plateau pressure at 15, 30 and 60 minute interval and then q2h and PRN: - If peak airway pressure increases, but remains < 45 cm H2O → no change - If peak airway pressure increases to > 45 cmH2O → decrease airway flow by 5 Lpm and repeat measurements in 15 minutes - If plateau pressure increases but remains < 35 cmH2O → no change - If plateau pressure increases, but remains > 35 cmH2O → decrease VT by 50 mL and repeat measurements in 15 minutes • Repeat ABG and calculate PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 60 minute interval then every 8 hours for 24 hours and then as ordered by physician CATEGORY: SUBJECT: Policy and Procedure cross-ref with Medication Administration Epoprostenol sodium (Flolan) Administration via Nebulizer PAGE: 3 of 5 If no increase in PaO2/FIO2 ratio after 1 vial Epoprostenol sodium infused, DISCONTINUE nebulized infusion. Notify physician on next rounds. B. Non-Invasive Ventilation/ Mask and Nebulizer • Repeat ABG and calculate PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 60 minute interval then every 8 hours for 24 hours and then as ordered by physician If no increase in PaO2/FIO2 ratio after 1 vial Epoprostenol sodium infused, DISCONTINUE nebulized infusion. Notify physician on next rounds. Nursing Responsibilities: EQUIPMENT • Epoprostenol sodium (15 or 30 micrograms/mL) prepared by pharmacy • Primary IV Plumset IV tubing • IV pump • Aluminum foil • Amber ultaviolet bag • Ice packs • During pharmacy off-hours: • Flolan (Epoprostenol sodium) vial 1.5 mg • Diluent vial(s) (50 mL or 100mL based on patient weight) • Viaflex bag PROCEDURE • Cover prepared Epoprostenol sodium bag with amber ultraviolet bag. Place between 2 ice / gel packs (cold and dark) • Spike convertible piercing pin of IV tubing into viaflex bag. • Prime tubing and insert into IV pump. • Attach pump tubing to nebulizer port. Cover nebulizer and tubing with aluminum wrap. • Infuse 3 mL prepared Epoprostenolsodium into nebulizer system as initial volume for nebulization. • Commence nebulized infusion by setting delivery rate and volume. • Start drip in nebulizer chamber at 50mg/kg/min (refer to Weight Based Infusion Rate tables) • Once infusion via pump commences, solution can be administered for up to 24 hours through use of frozen gel packs in a cold pouch. Gel packs should be changed every 12 hours or every 8 hours (if ambient temperature approaches 30° celcius). • When stored or in use, reconstituted Epoprostenol sodium must not be exposed to direct sunlight. CATEGORY: SUBJECT: Policy and Procedure cross-ref with Medication Administration Epoprostenol sodium (Flolan) Administration via Nebulizer PAGE: 4 of 5 Drug preparation instructions (for pharmacy off-hours): • Prepare syringe and needle. • Draw up 5 mL sterile diluent. Reconstitute only with specific STERILE DILUENT for Epoprostenol sodium supplied by manufacturer in 50 mL glass vial(s). No other diluent to be used in preparation of drug. • Inject 5 mL sterile diluent gently onto the side of the Epoprostenol sodium vial. Always direct the flow of the sterile diluent towards the side of the vial and inject it gently to prevent foaming of the solution. Mix by gently swirling the vial. Never shake the vial. • Withdraw entire vial contents once drug dissolved. • Inject mixed Epoprostenol sodium into medication port of viaflex bag. Add remaining STERILE DILUENT as required to make total of 50 or 100 mL (refer to Weight Based Infusion Rate tables). • Label medication Weight Based Infusion Rate (round up to nearest weight) Patient < 80 kg : Epoprostenol sodium 1.5 mg/ 100 mL diluent (15 micrograms/ml) Weight (kg) Rate (mL/hr) 50 10 55 11 60 12 65 13 70 14 75 15 Patient > 80 kg : Epopostenol sodium 1.5mg/50 mL diluent (30 micrograms/ml) Weight (kg) Rate (mL/hr) 80 8 85 8.5 90 9 95 9.5 100 10 CATEGORY: SUBJECT: • • Policy and Procedure cross-ref with Medication Administration Epoprostenol sodium (Flolan) Administration via Nebulizer PAGE: 5 of Blood Pressure monitoring parameters: (Epoprostenol sodium may be associated with some systemic effect and hypotension) • prior to commencement of Epoprostenol sodium infusion • at 15 and 30 minute interval following commencement of infusion, as ordered and PRN. If hypotension occurs, requiring increase in current vasopressors or initiation of vasopressors, notify Intensivist APPROVAL APPROVED REVIEWED 17 Sept 2003 09 sept 2003 11 Dec 2003 Dec 2003 16 June 2004 14 Sept 2004 25 June 2004 Critical Care Clinicians/Educators Critical Care Patient Care Teams Respiratory Therapy Committee Critical Care Council Pharmacy & Therapeutics Critical Care Planning Clinical Managers Committees Date of Draft Approval Final Approval Date Reviewed 16 June 2004 10 Jan 2008 06 Dec 2007 14 Sept 2005 07 Nov 2007 13 July 2005 25 Jan 2008 23 Sept 2005 Manager/Nurse Clinician/Educator ICU Patient Care Team Respiratory Therapy Committee Critical Care Program Council Medical Advisory Committee Clinical Management Committee All Rights Reserved H/p&p/online/ICU/EPOPROSTENOL SODIUM (FLOLAN) ADMINISTRATION VIA NEBULIZER/R Nov 2007/R Jan 2008 5
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