4 14 [ A A A b R B % K B [ [ [ 2 b cR 3 e o O O [ 2 e 3 K e b S cR O R 6 % 17 t O c c e Ar r B O x b % Ar 17 t r B 8 l S R Al B [ [ SK 示準化石 SK R [ [ [ bS cR O e e O R i % [ .% c04 O 9 ] o F F o o % ] l [ R [ A B [ A B O e b R b R 6 5 P 6 波長 μ P 8 8 " 6 1 " P159 現在、静止軌道に乗っている MTSAT(「ひまわり6号」 「ひまわり7号」) . 6 8 電波は水中を! 伝搬しない 海底地形・" 断層の検出" 音波 m 2014年3月マレーシア航空行方不明:" 飛行機の飛行記録装置は音波を自動的に" 発信する。海底から回収が可能だったが" 海底の変動の観測" GPS ! ! ! ! (1) ×1010 cm/s = 30 18 / 1 4 30 / 4 1 7 7.5 (2) km 200 km vs 3.5 1.2 g/cm3 P24,25 1.0 「氷河」は流れるが「山」は数百年では崩れないのと同じ原理 N N P12 0 !90 !45 90 0 45 P60 最小 0 P12 !最大 最大 P60 P " y P " " (2) A B (a) 1,000km X P56 30° 30° :1000 km = 360° : x X x= km 1000km B A 30° 40000km 40008km X (b) X 1000 km tan 30° = x x 30° x X 1700km 30° 1 (a) 5000km (b) 1000km (3) 1m 2m 2m / (3x1010 cm/s) = 200/(3 x1010 ) = 6.7 x 10-9 sec = 6.7 x 10-3 µsec DVD DVD P22 P68 AB cm/ 100km 100km 2 x 106 = 5 cm/ = 100 x 105 cm A 2Ma 2 x 106 B 5cm/ 10cm/ A B A B P EW S 3.1 Introduction to seismic sources and source parameters Fig. 3.3 depicts schematically an idealized sub-surface explosion and tectonic earthquake (of pure strike-slip type) in a homogeneous medium. P Fig. 3.3 Schematic sketches of an idealized underground explosion and of a strike-slip earthquake along a vertically dipping fault. The fault motion is "left-lateral", i.e., counterclockwise. The arrows show the directions of compressional (outward, polarity +, red shaded) and dilatational (inward, polarity -, green shaded) motions. The patterns shown on the surface, termed amplitude or polarity patterns indicate the azimuthal variation of observed amplitudes or of the direction of first motions in seismic records, respectively. While point-like explosions in an isotropic medium should show no azimuth-dependent amplitudes and compressional first motions only, amplitudes and polarities vary for a tectonic earthquake. The dotted amplitude lobes in Fig. 3.3, right side, indicate qualitatively the different azimuth dependence of shear (S) waves as compared to longitudinal (P) waves (rotated by 45°) but their absolute values are much larger (about 5 times) than that of P waves. P S It is obvious that the explosion produces a homogeneous outward directed compressional first 前回(6月23日)の問題の略解 前回(6月30日)の問題の略解 SNC (1)かんらん石��(Mg, Fe)2 SiO4��� (2)斜方輝石���(Mg, Fe) SiO3 (3)単斜輝石���(Ca, Mg, Fe) SiO3 (4)カクセン石����NaCa2 (Mg, Fe, Al)5 (Al, Si)8O22 (OH)2 (5)黒雲母����K (Mg, Fe)3 AlSi3O8 (OH)2 (6)斜長石����NaAlSi3O8〜CaAl2Si2O8 (7)アルカリ長石�(K, Na) AlSi3O8�� (8)石英��SiO2 OH H 2O 1996 SNC
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