Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
An Accredited Energy Services
Company
Professional Sharing Series
Airside Optimization
Steven Kang
[email protected]
30-Mar-2015
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Lesson from the richest man on earth
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
In the past year, I have been struck by
how important measurement is to
improving the human condition. You can
achieve incredible progress if you set a
clear goal and find a measure that will
drive progress toward that goal
Bill Gates, Gates Foundation Annual Letter 2013
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Where does it really count for a building?
Cost: S$ / pax / day
160
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
150
140
120
100
Make sure your
building IEQ is
conducive for high
performance.
80
60
40
20
1.3
Aircon system
energy cost
10
Office rent
Median
employee salary
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3
Goals for Good Air Quality (IAQ)
Temperature
23 to 25 C
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
CO2
concentration
<1000ppm
Air movement
0.1 to 0.3 m/s
Respirable
suspended
particles (10 m)
< 50 g/m3
RH < 65%
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4
Some energy cost saving strategies at the expense of IEQ
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
• Raise room temperature
• Reduce airflow
•
•
•
•
Use low rating filters
Reduce outside air
Minimize maintenance services
Squeeze all M&E equipment above ceiling
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Air conditioning system perspective
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Whole system KW/RT
Chiller plant KW/RT
Outdoor
Consider whole system energy efficiency and cost
Chiller
Cooling cap (RT)
Efficiency (KW/RT)
Power input (KW)
Evap PD (kpa)
Budget price (S$)
CHW: 6.7/12.2 C
600
0.530
318
45.0
305,000
CHW: 8.0/15.0 C
600
0.516
310
31.3
305,000
AHU CHW temp (C)
Airflow (CMH)
Total cooling capacity (RT)
Air On coil (DB/WB)
ESP (pa)
Cooling coil Rows & Fin per Ft
Coil Air DP (pa)
Coil water DP (Kpa)
Power input (KW)
Budget price (S$)
CHW: 6.7/12.2 C
18000
30
26.7 / 19.4
500
4 / 135
112.6
15.2
6.82
10,000
CHW: 8.0/15.0 C
18000
30
26.7 / 19.4
500
6 / 127
155.5
11.4
7.09
11,000
CHWP
Pipe & fitting DP
Total DP
Flow rate (l/s)
Power input (KW)
Budget price (S$)
CHW: 6.7/12.2 C
150
210.2
91.7
25.0
9,200
CHW: 8.0/15.0 C
92.6
135.3
72.0
12.6
8,500
1x 600RT Chiller + 20 x 30RT AHUs + 1 x CHWP
CHW: 6.7/12.2 C
Total cost (S$)
514,200
Total power input (KW)
479.4
Operating hours / year
2860.0
Electricity tariff ($/KWH)
0.22
Energy cost per year
301,616
Additional cost
Base
Energy cost savings per year
Base
Simple payback
Base
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
CHW: 8.0/15.0 C
533,500
464.2
2860.0
0.22
292,050
19,300
9,565
2.0
7
Goals for good airside efficiency
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Total Pressure
W
CMH
Types of air system
=
3600 x Ƞfan x Ƞmotor
Green
Mark
(W/CMH)
Green
Mark
(KW/RT)
Excellent
class
(W/CMH)
Excellent
class
(KW/RT)
Constant Volume AHU
Motor ≥ 4KW
0.42
0.29
0.20
0.14
Variable Volume AHU
Motor ≥ 4KW
0.58
0.39
0.20
0.14
AHU/FCU
Motor < 4KW
0.17
0.12
0.10
0.07
KW/RT = W/CMH * 680 CMH/RT /1000
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Accurate measurement is the essential to “drive towards our goals”
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
T
T
DP
F
T
Coil
Filter
CO2
RA
T
SP
M
F
AHU
OA
F
T
VSD
CHW
p
VAV
box
T
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T
RH
9
Creative but inefficient ways to move air
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
W
CMH
Patented
Total Pressure
=
3600 x Ƞfan x Ƞmotor
duct
Rocket
launcher
Traffic
lights
needed
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Creative but wrong way to save space for AHU
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Sorry,
we can’t hire
fat technicians
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Example of inefficiencies
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Example of inefficiencies
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Example of inefficiencies
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Ideas to improve
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Ideas to improve
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Example of inefficiencies
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
AHU with multiple discharge
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Ideas to improve
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Plenum Fan
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Ideas to improve: Electronic Air Filters
Traditional Passive Filters
Mid-life Pressure Drop:
100 – 200pa
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Verification Pte Ltd
Electronic Air Cleaners
Mid-life Pressure Drop:
30 – 70pa
19
Ideas to improve: Intelligent Control Valve
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Conventional
Set up
Belimo
Energy Valve
BTU meter
Temperature sensor
BELIMO
Energy ValveTM
Flowmeter
Valve & Actuator
CHWR
CHWS
CHWR
CHWS
Manaul Balancing
Valve
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Ideas to improve: Intelligent Control Valve
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Belimo Energy Valve - Five Functions in One Valve
Dynamic
Balancing
Modulating &
Shut-off Control
Flow & Temp
Measurement
F
Delta T Manager
& Power Control
Algorithms
Live Monitoring,
Data Logging,
BACnet Interface
T
T
Key element for
improvement
DN15…50
DN65…150
The energy efficiency story of Tien Wah Press
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Company business:
Printing Factory
Location:
Pandan Crescent
Gross floor area:
48,000 sqm
Project start date:
01 Feb 2013
Project completion date:
15 Dec 2013
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The energy efficiency story of Tien Wah Press
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Before 2006
Chiller plant
Chiller plant
0.96
0.58
0.60
2007-2013
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Funded by
NEA’s GREET
Fund
0.80 KW/RT
Chiller plant Airside
0.58
1.18 KW/RT
Airside
Airside
1.54 KW/RT
0.24
0.56
After 2013
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Issues with heat rejection
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Restrictive
louvers
starve
cooling
towers of
inlet air
CW
piping
has too
high
pressure
loss
Cooling
towers
infills
damaged
and
clogged
3 cooling
towers
are
squeezed
too
closely
together
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Uncommon common-sense solutions
Remove
alternate
louvers to
free up
inlet air to
cooling
towers
Straighten
out CW
piping to
reduce
pressure
loss
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Install 2
new high
efficiency
cooling
towers
Space out
the new
cooling
towers for
better
heat
rejection
25
Uncommon common-sense solutions
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Your teeth if
you only brush
once a year
Auto
tube
cleaners
for
chillers
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Annual energy saved from ECMs for chiller plant
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
141,248 KWH
Equivalent to annual energy
consumed by 31 nos of 4-rm
HDB flat
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Energy efficiency measures for AHUs
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
-
New accurate, real-time and web-based EMS is
introduced to the air handling units system.
-
Variable speed fans
-
High efficiency backward curve fans
-
Reduce pressure loss
- Low face velocity AHU coil (1.25 m/s)
- Low air and water pressure drop coil design
- Low pressure drop disposable filters
- Straighten fan discharge duct
- Deletion of unnecessary return air duct
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Energy efficiency measures for AHUs
New accurate, real-time and
web-based EMS to monitor
and optimize all AHUs
Temp %RH
DP
KW
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Data stored at 1 min
interval at client site
VSD
Internet
for 24 nos for AHUs
29
Annual energy saved from ECMs for AHUs
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
927,891 KWH
Equivalent to annual energy
consumed by 203 nos of 4-rm
HDB flat
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Energy efficiency measures for extractor fans
Post retrofit
duct has
good entry
into main
duct
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Pre-retrofit
duct has
poor entry
into main
duct
Video of extractor bin
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Energy efficiency measures for extractor fans
Preretrofit
extractor
fans are
belt
driven
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Extractor
fans are
directly
coupled
to motor.
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Energy efficiency measures for extractor fans
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
New accurate, realtime and
web-based EMS to
monitor and optimize
all extractor fan
operation.
Pre-retrofit
extractor fans
operate
continuously .
Post-retrofit
extractor fans
operate only when
cutter machines
operate.
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Annual energy saved from ECMs for extractor fans
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
148,744 KWH
Equivalent to annual energy
consumed by 33 nos of 4-rm
HDB flat
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Conclusions
Measurement &
Verification Pte Ltd
Measurement and Goals are
vital for improvement
Optimal IEQ is
where the rubber
meets the road
Optimize the entire air con system
(air + water) and adopt
continuous optimization and
M&V
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Thank you for your attention
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Verification Pte Ltd
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