Integra(ve Design & Carbon Neutrality For A Sustainable Singapore Singapore Environment Ins1tute Professional Sharing Series Members of:
MEWR Hall March 30, 2015 © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd
Objectives
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Improving knowledge on real, long-term and
measurable sustainability
Assisting leaders and managers to stay relevant
and competitive, in the local and global context
Provide solutions to meet CSR and mandatory
requirements under the ECA
Develop meaningful action plans moving forward
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What We Do
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Integrative Design to reduce CAPEX and OPEX
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Holistic Carbon Neutrality Solutions
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Whole systems approach
•  Solving a systemic problem requires a holistic
approach
•  Systems thinking = holistic approach
•  Integrative design uses systems thinking
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The whole systems approach to
reducing capital and operating costs
•  High performance design deals with a complex web of
interrelated issues
•  This complexity cannot be addressed through a “broad
brush-stroke” or single issue approach
•  Efficiency requires “designing out” technical complexity and
cost by carefully rethinking, challenging and improving
•  A well-defined, collaborative, integrated multi-disciplinary
team process is essential
=
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Whole systems thinking
•  The process of understanding how things
influence one another within a whole
o  In nature, various elements must work
together in ecosystems
o  In buildings, all the components that
make up the building must work
together
•  Solve ‘problems’ by viewing them as parts of an
overall system, rather than reacting to specific
parts, outcomes or events
o  Piecemeal approach potentially creates
unintended consequences. An improvement
in one area of a system can adversely affect
another.
o  Small catalytic events can cause large
changes in complex systems
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Whole systems thinking
•  Most people think that efficient
systems are about energy
efficient equipment and
expensive gadgets.
•  This is like saying that using the
best ingredients will ensure a
tasty dish.
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Courtesy Eng Lock Lee
Whole systems thinking
But the finest ingredients won't make
our dish tasty unless:
•  We use a good recipe
•  The recipe combines the
right ingredients…
•  …in the right manner and
proportions
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Courtesy Eng Lock Lee
Make decisions based on lifecycle costs,
not just first costs
Procurement
costs
Life cycle
costs to all
of us
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What is IDP?
•  IDP is the most effective process for exploring and
implementing sustainable design principles on a project while
staying within budget and program schedule constraints.
•  The process is essential to achieving high performance
(sustainable) buildings while avoiding or minimizing
incremental costs
•  Requires a multi-disciplinary and collaborative team
•  Follows the design through the entire project life, from predesign through occupancy and into operation
•  Can be used for both new and existing buildings. Don’t
replicate the old mistakes.
•  LEED/Green Mark is not the same thing as IDP
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Factor Ten Engineering (10xE)
•  Factor Ten Engineering (10xE) aims to help engineers, architects and
their clients attack resource-intensive design problems, such as
manufacturing/industrial processes and facilities using whole-system
principles in order to produce fundamentally better results.
•  10xE currently offers design principles and a growing set of case studies
over several projects and as pioneered by RMI. Rather than a rigid
formula, 10xE is a set of ideas for shaping the design space and design
approaches within it. These ideas will be used by those purchasing or
approving design services, as well as design practitioners.
•  CRX facilitates the exchange of expertise by and between the design
team and consultants. The approach also allows for solutions to be
presented at the outset to be followed through from construction
through operations.
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Integrative Design Opportunities
Opportunities to engage integrative design
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Reducing Resource Consumption
from operations
Eﬃcient'
servicing'
strategies'
Design'
$$$'
E
User'
behavioural'
change'
Y'
G'
R'
E
N
Passive'
design'
measures'
Opera,on'
$'
Improved'
controls'
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The Differences
Integrative Design Process
vs
Conventional Design Process
Inclusive from the outset vs
Involves team members only when essential
Front-loaded — time and energy invested early vs
Less time, energy, and collaboration in early
stages
Decisions influenced by broad team vs
Iterative process vs
Whole-systems thinking vs
Allows for full optimization vs
Seeks synergies
vs
Life-cycle costing vs
Process continues through post-occupancy vs
Source: Roadmap for the
Integrated Design Process
More decisions made by fewer people
Linear process
Systems often considered in isolation
Limited to constrained optimization
Diminished opportunity for synergies
Emphasis on up-front costs
Typically finished when construction is complete
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LEED/Green Mark
is not the same thing as
an Integrative Design Process
Often the team’s only purpose is to achieve
LEED points
•  The architecture is designed separately,
without the engineer’s input concerning
its energy performance
•  Energy modeling is done only to get the
point, rather than to inform design
decisions
•  Commissioning is often an afterthought
•  Etc.
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Bank of America in NYC –
The New Republic Magazine
July 28, 2013 “What LEED designers deliver is what most
LEED building owners want—namely, green publicity, not
energy savings,” John Scofield, a professor of physics at
Oberlin, testified before the House last year.
Governments, nevertheless, have been happy to rely on
LEED rather than design better metrics. Which is why New
York’s release of energy data last fall was significant.
It provided more public-energy data for a U.S. city than
has ever existed. It found the worst-performing buildings
use three to five times more energy per square foot than
the best ones.
It also found that, if the most energy-intensive large
buildings were brought up to, the city’s total greenhouse
gases could be reduced by 9 percent" the current
seventy-fifth percentile
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Performance Metrics
Importance of Integrative Design Process
•  Early feedback from engineers informs the design process
•  Building performance metrics set clear indicators for
evaluating competing design solutions
•  Load reduction measures can be exploited in sizing and
selection of equipment (offsetting cost of premium
elements)
Courtesy of UWCSEA - Simon Thomas
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London City Hall
“Norman Foster’s City Hall, which is billed as an exemplary
sustainable building, uses 50% more energy than it was designed
to do.”
BREEAM “Excellent”
Why? What’s gone wrong? Where is the discrepancy?
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Improvements in IR’s plant from IDP
Performance
metric
Plant item
Worst value in
Final IDP value
initial Vendor bids
% improvement
Air handling units
900 cfm/kW
1656 cfm/kW
84%
Compressed dry air
3.2 cfm/kW
4.92 cfm/kW
54%
Scrubber
515 cfm/kW
775 cfm/kW
51%
Vacuum pumps
20.7 cfm/kW
34 cfm/kW
64%
Ultra-pure water plant
78 USG/hr.kW
101 USG/hr.kW
30%
Lighting
Ductwork: Average pressure drop
Pa/m
Including bends & transitions
Pipework: Average pressure drop
Pa/m
Including bends & fittings
Filter & AHU face velocity
60 Lumens/Watt
2 Pa/m
95.5 Lumens/Watt
1.0 Pa/m
59%
50%
500 Pa/m
300 Pa/m
40%
2.5 m/s
1.8 m/s
28%
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Example: Reduction in fan power
Airflow rate = 180m3/h
Diameter of duct 100mm
Velocity =6.5m/s
Pressure loss =7.0Pa/m
If duct diameter increased to 150mm
Velocity =2.9m/s
Pressure Loss = 0.9Pa/m
A 50% increase in duct diameter results in a 90% reduction in
duct pressure loss, this will deliver:
A 4 to 5 fold reduction in fan power!
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What does this mean in terms of reduced OPEX?
Example:
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
•  Fan motor size reduced from 27.5 kW to 15.3 kW
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Saves 106,800 kWh/year
•  Operating cost reduction = S$ 26,000/year
(@ 24 c/kWh)
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Goals
•  Reduce CAPEX
Ø  Complexity, fees and mistakes
Ø  Over-Design
Ø  Plant and equipment
•  Reduce OPEX
Ø  Maintenance & replacement
costs
Ø  Exposure to energy price
variability
Ø  Equipment malfunctions
•  Reduce Risk
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Holistic Approach to Sustainable Development
The 12 Pillars of Sustainability
ENERGY
TRANSPORT & MOVEMENT
LANDUSE
MATERIALS
ECONOMICS
BIODIVERSITY
WATER
DESIGN QUALITY & FUTURE PROOFING
QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT
WASTE
HEALTH, PRODUCTIVITY & WELL-‐BEING
BUILDING MANAGEMENT & MAINTENANCE
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BIODIVERSITY
TRANSPORT & MOVEMENT
ECONOMICS
QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT
ENERGY
LANDUSE
The 12 Pillars
MATERIALS
WATER
DESIGN QUALITY & FUTURE PROOFING
WASTE
HEALTH, PRODUCTIVITY & WELL-‐BEING
BUILDING MANAGEMENT & MAINTENANCE
ENERGY
ENE-‐01 INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENE-‐03 APPLIANCES
ENE-‐02 ENERGY CONSERVATION
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BIODIVERSITY
TRANSPORT & MOVEMENT
ENERGY
LANDUSE
MATERIALS
Activities Within
Each Pillar
ECONOMICS
QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT
WASTE
WATER
DESIGN QUALITY & FUTURE PROOFING
HEALTH, PRODUCTIVITY & WELL-‐BEING BUILDING MANAGEMENT & MAINTENANCE ENERGY
ENE-‐01 INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENE-03
APPLIANCES
ENE-02
ENERGY
CONSERVATION
ENE-01A
POWER
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS AND
POLICY
ENE-01B
BEHAVIORAL
CHANGE
ENE-03A
ENERGY RATING
LABELS
ENE-‐01D HVAC PLANT
SYSTEM
EFFICIENCY
ENE-‐01C PASSIVE
DESIGN
ENE-‐01C MEASURES
ENERGY DATA
ENE-‐01E ENE-‐01B COLLECTION
AHU SIZING &
ENERGY
AND
EFFICIENCY
MODELLING
MONITORING
ENE-‐01F CORRECT
DUCTING
SIZING
ENE-02A
INCREASING
USE OF
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
ENE-‐02B REDUCTION OF
FOSSIL-FUEL
ENE-‐03B BUILDING CODE AND APPLIANCE STANDARDS ENE-‐03C ENERGY INPUT LABELING
ENE-‐02D WASTE HEAT
RECOVERY
ENE-‐02C BEHAVIOURAL
CHANGE
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BIODIVERSITY
TRANSPORT & MOVEMENT
ENERGY
LANDUSE
MATERIALS
ECONOMICS
QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT
WASTE
WATER
DESIGN QUALITY & FUTURE PROOFING
HEALTH, PRODUCTIVITY & WELL-‐BEING BUILDING MANAGEMENT & MAINTENANCE ENERGY
ENE-‐01 INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENE-03
APPLIANCES
ENE-02
ENERGY
CONSERVATION
ENE-01A
POWER
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS AND
POLICY
ENE-01B
BEHAVIORAL
CHANGE
ENE-03A
ENERGY RATING
LABELS
ENE-‐01D HVAC PLANT
SYSTEM
EFFICIENCY
ENE-‐01C PASSIVE
DESIGN
ENE-‐01C MEASURES
ENERGY DATA
ENE-‐01E ENE-‐01B COLLECTION
AHU SIZING &
ENERGY
AND
EFFICIENCY
MODELLING
MONITORING
ENE-‐01F CORRECT
DUCTING
SIZING
ENE-02A
INCREASING
USE OF
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
ENE-‐02B REDUCTION OF
FOSSIL-FUEL
ENE-‐03B BUILDING CODE AND APPLIANCE STANDARDS ENE-‐03C ENERGY INPUT LABELING
ENE-‐02D WASTE HEAT
RECOVERY
ENE-‐02C Important to recognise the
BEHAVIOURAL
CHANGE
cross-links between
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Pillars and Activities
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Envisioning a Sustainable Development
Whole-Systems Integration
Economics
IDP
CAPEX,
OPEX &
Budget
Baseline, Goals,
M&V and Reporting
accurately
Define
Performance
Metrics
12 Pillars of
Sustainability
with CO2
offsets
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Please consider keysystems,
environmental &
Stakeholder impact
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Methodology Framework for reducing carbon
emissions
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
• Establish baseline emissions at organization/project level
based on the GHG Protocol
• Consider both direct and indirect emissions
2012
• Validate findings based on ISO14064
• Consider option for offsetting emissions to neutralize
carbon footprint for CSR – RE and EE Projects &
purchasing carbon credits
• Develop VCS or Gold standard projects as administered
by the IETA or purchasing existing carbon offsets from
VCUs
• Transfer VCUs into corporate registry account to
neutralize emissions or retire them on behalf of clients to
improve their CSR simultaneously
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Benefits
Improved
CSR &
Reporting
Continued
Improvement
Increased
Profitability
Increased
client base
Added value
to clients
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Emission Reductions with CSR benefits
developed for our clients
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Residential Developers – offset CO2 from volume of
concrete used and energy used at project site
development – 80,000 ton CO2 - upfront
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Commercial & Industrial Facilities (Retail Malls, Data
Centers – Offset CO2 emissions from direct and
indirect emissions – 250,000 ton CO2 per annum
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Originated RE & EE projects and generated
23,000,000 tons CO2 from RE projects globally from
2003 through to 2014
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Involvement in a Project with DfE:
International Rectifier Clean Room Wafer Fab
in Singapore
•  Series of four IDP charrettes
•  Estimated net energy
reduction of 40%
•  Overall estimated electrical
energy savings = 1.710 GWh
per annum
•  Annual OPEX savings =
$461,700 per annum
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Involvement in a Project with DfE:
European Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facility
in Singapore
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Total GFA – 33,206 m2 Total energy requirement per annum – 87,408.351 MWh
Total Savings identified at IDP charrette – 19.8 GWh p.a
Agreed Tariff – $0.27
Dollar savings – $5,346,00 in OPEX per annum
Increased Productivity
through facade
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Involvement in a Project with DfE:
New Data Centre IDP Charrette
•  CAPEX savings ≥S$ 12m
•  OPEX savings ≥S$ 11m/year
(based on 2,500W/m2)
•  11% increase in lettable floor area
•  33% increase in number of racks/
floor
•  Extra floor to building
•  Greater GFA/floor
•  Future proofing—power density
•  Can be genuinely marketed as the
“greenest” data centre in
Singapore (possibly the most
efficient/lowest PUE in SE Asia)
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Involvement in a Project overseas:
New Mixed-Use Development in Yangon, Myanmar
•  First charrette on August 29 &
30 2013
•  Total gross floor area for
mixed use of 350,000m2
•  Projected savings
S$21m in CAPEX
S$10m in OPEX
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Contact details
www.climate-xchange.com
Contact:
Email:
Mobile:
DID:
Skype:
Vinod Kesava, Co-Founder/MD & CEO
[email protected]
+65 9384 0166
+65 6922 9881
icarbonman
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