Integra(ve Design & Carbon Neutrality For A Sustainable Singapore Singapore Environment Ins1tute Professional Sharing Series Members of: MEWR Hall March 30, 2015 © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd Objectives • • • • Improving knowledge on real, long-term and measurable sustainability Assisting leaders and managers to stay relevant and competitive, in the local and global context Provide solutions to meet CSR and mandatory requirements under the ECA Develop meaningful action plans moving forward © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 2 What We Do • Integrative Design to reduce CAPEX and OPEX • Holistic Carbon Neutrality Solutions © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 3 Whole systems approach • Solving a systemic problem requires a holistic approach • Systems thinking = holistic approach • Integrative design uses systems thinking © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 4 The whole systems approach to reducing capital and operating costs • High performance design deals with a complex web of interrelated issues • This complexity cannot be addressed through a “broad brush-stroke” or single issue approach • Efficiency requires “designing out” technical complexity and cost by carefully rethinking, challenging and improving • A well-defined, collaborative, integrated multi-disciplinary team process is essential = © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 5 Whole systems thinking • The process of understanding how things influence one another within a whole o In nature, various elements must work together in ecosystems o In buildings, all the components that make up the building must work together • Solve ‘problems’ by viewing them as parts of an overall system, rather than reacting to specific parts, outcomes or events o Piecemeal approach potentially creates unintended consequences. An improvement in one area of a system can adversely affect another. o Small catalytic events can cause large changes in complex systems © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 6 Whole systems thinking • Most people think that efficient systems are about energy efficient equipment and expensive gadgets. • This is like saying that using the best ingredients will ensure a tasty dish. © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd Courtesy Eng Lock Lee Whole systems thinking But the finest ingredients won't make our dish tasty unless: • We use a good recipe • The recipe combines the right ingredients… • …in the right manner and proportions © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd Courtesy Eng Lock Lee Make decisions based on lifecycle costs, not just first costs Procurement costs Life cycle costs to all of us © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 9 What is IDP? • IDP is the most effective process for exploring and implementing sustainable design principles on a project while staying within budget and program schedule constraints. • The process is essential to achieving high performance (sustainable) buildings while avoiding or minimizing incremental costs • Requires a multi-disciplinary and collaborative team • Follows the design through the entire project life, from predesign through occupancy and into operation • Can be used for both new and existing buildings. Don’t replicate the old mistakes. • LEED/Green Mark is not the same thing as IDP © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 10 Factor Ten Engineering (10xE) • Factor Ten Engineering (10xE) aims to help engineers, architects and their clients attack resource-intensive design problems, such as manufacturing/industrial processes and facilities using whole-system principles in order to produce fundamentally better results. • 10xE currently offers design principles and a growing set of case studies over several projects and as pioneered by RMI. Rather than a rigid formula, 10xE is a set of ideas for shaping the design space and design approaches within it. These ideas will be used by those purchasing or approving design services, as well as design practitioners. • CRX facilitates the exchange of expertise by and between the design team and consultants. The approach also allows for solutions to be presented at the outset to be followed through from construction through operations. © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 11 Integrative Design Opportunities Opportunities to engage integrative design © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 12 Reducing Resource Consumption from operations Efficient' servicing' strategies' Design' $$$' E User' behavioural' change' Y' G' R' E N Passive' design' measures' Opera,on' $' Improved' controls' © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 13 The Differences Integrative Design Process vs Conventional Design Process Inclusive from the outset vs Involves team members only when essential Front-loaded — time and energy invested early vs Less time, energy, and collaboration in early stages Decisions influenced by broad team vs Iterative process vs Whole-systems thinking vs Allows for full optimization vs Seeks synergies vs Life-cycle costing vs Process continues through post-occupancy vs Source: Roadmap for the Integrated Design Process More decisions made by fewer people Linear process Systems often considered in isolation Limited to constrained optimization Diminished opportunity for synergies Emphasis on up-front costs Typically finished when construction is complete © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 14 LEED/Green Mark is not the same thing as an Integrative Design Process Often the team’s only purpose is to achieve LEED points • The architecture is designed separately, without the engineer’s input concerning its energy performance • Energy modeling is done only to get the point, rather than to inform design decisions • Commissioning is often an afterthought • Etc. © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 15 Bank of America in NYC – The New Republic Magazine July 28, 2013 “What LEED designers deliver is what most LEED building owners want—namely, green publicity, not energy savings,” John Scofield, a professor of physics at Oberlin, testified before the House last year. Governments, nevertheless, have been happy to rely on LEED rather than design better metrics. Which is why New York’s release of energy data last fall was significant. It provided more public-energy data for a U.S. city than has ever existed. It found the worst-performing buildings use three to five times more energy per square foot than the best ones. It also found that, if the most energy-intensive large buildings were brought up to, the city’s total greenhouse gases could be reduced by 9 percent" the current seventy-fifth percentile © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 16 Performance Metrics Importance of Integrative Design Process • Early feedback from engineers informs the design process • Building performance metrics set clear indicators for evaluating competing design solutions • Load reduction measures can be exploited in sizing and selection of equipment (offsetting cost of premium elements) Courtesy of UWCSEA - Simon Thomas © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 17 London City Hall “Norman Foster’s City Hall, which is billed as an exemplary sustainable building, uses 50% more energy than it was designed to do.” BREEAM “Excellent” Why? What’s gone wrong? Where is the discrepancy? © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd Improvements in IR’s plant from IDP Performance metric Plant item Worst value in Final IDP value initial Vendor bids % improvement Air handling units 900 cfm/kW 1656 cfm/kW 84% Compressed dry air 3.2 cfm/kW 4.92 cfm/kW 54% Scrubber 515 cfm/kW 775 cfm/kW 51% Vacuum pumps 20.7 cfm/kW 34 cfm/kW 64% Ultra-pure water plant 78 USG/hr.kW 101 USG/hr.kW 30% Lighting Ductwork: Average pressure drop Pa/m Including bends & transitions Pipework: Average pressure drop Pa/m Including bends & fittings Filter & AHU face velocity 60 Lumens/Watt 2 Pa/m 95.5 Lumens/Watt 1.0 Pa/m 59% 50% 500 Pa/m 300 Pa/m 40% 2.5 m/s 1.8 m/s 28% © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd Example: Reduction in fan power Airflow rate = 180m3/h Diameter of duct 100mm Velocity =6.5m/s Pressure loss =7.0Pa/m If duct diameter increased to 150mm Velocity =2.9m/s Pressure Loss = 0.9Pa/m A 50% increase in duct diameter results in a 90% reduction in duct pressure loss, this will deliver: A 4 to 5 fold reduction in fan power! © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd What does this mean in terms of reduced OPEX? Example: Air Handling Unit (AHU) • Fan motor size reduced from 27.5 kW to 15.3 kW • Saves 106,800 kWh/year • Operating cost reduction = S$ 26,000/year (@ 24 c/kWh) © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd Goals • Reduce CAPEX Ø Complexity, fees and mistakes Ø Over-Design Ø Plant and equipment • Reduce OPEX Ø Maintenance & replacement costs Ø Exposure to energy price variability Ø Equipment malfunctions • Reduce Risk © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 22 Holistic Approach to Sustainable Development The 12 Pillars of Sustainability ENERGY TRANSPORT & MOVEMENT LANDUSE MATERIALS ECONOMICS BIODIVERSITY WATER DESIGN QUALITY & FUTURE PROOFING QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT WASTE HEALTH, PRODUCTIVITY & WELL-‐BEING BUILDING MANAGEMENT & MAINTENANCE © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 23 BIODIVERSITY TRANSPORT & MOVEMENT ECONOMICS QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT ENERGY LANDUSE The 12 Pillars MATERIALS WATER DESIGN QUALITY & FUTURE PROOFING WASTE HEALTH, PRODUCTIVITY & WELL-‐BEING BUILDING MANAGEMENT & MAINTENANCE ENERGY ENE-‐01 INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENE-‐03 APPLIANCES ENE-‐02 ENERGY CONSERVATION © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 24 BIODIVERSITY TRANSPORT & MOVEMENT ENERGY LANDUSE MATERIALS Activities Within Each Pillar ECONOMICS QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT WASTE WATER DESIGN QUALITY & FUTURE PROOFING HEALTH, PRODUCTIVITY & WELL-‐BEING BUILDING MANAGEMENT & MAINTENANCE ENERGY ENE-‐01 INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENE-03 APPLIANCES ENE-02 ENERGY CONSERVATION ENE-01A POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND POLICY ENE-01B BEHAVIORAL CHANGE ENE-03A ENERGY RATING LABELS ENE-‐01D HVAC PLANT SYSTEM EFFICIENCY ENE-‐01C PASSIVE DESIGN ENE-‐01C MEASURES ENERGY DATA ENE-‐01E ENE-‐01B COLLECTION AHU SIZING & ENERGY AND EFFICIENCY MODELLING MONITORING ENE-‐01F CORRECT DUCTING SIZING ENE-02A INCREASING USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ENE-‐02B REDUCTION OF FOSSIL-FUEL ENE-‐03B BUILDING CODE AND APPLIANCE STANDARDS ENE-‐03C ENERGY INPUT LABELING ENE-‐02D WASTE HEAT RECOVERY ENE-‐02C BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 25 BIODIVERSITY TRANSPORT & MOVEMENT ENERGY LANDUSE MATERIALS ECONOMICS QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT WASTE WATER DESIGN QUALITY & FUTURE PROOFING HEALTH, PRODUCTIVITY & WELL-‐BEING BUILDING MANAGEMENT & MAINTENANCE ENERGY ENE-‐01 INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENE-03 APPLIANCES ENE-02 ENERGY CONSERVATION ENE-01A POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND POLICY ENE-01B BEHAVIORAL CHANGE ENE-03A ENERGY RATING LABELS ENE-‐01D HVAC PLANT SYSTEM EFFICIENCY ENE-‐01C PASSIVE DESIGN ENE-‐01C MEASURES ENERGY DATA ENE-‐01E ENE-‐01B COLLECTION AHU SIZING & ENERGY AND EFFICIENCY MODELLING MONITORING ENE-‐01F CORRECT DUCTING SIZING ENE-02A INCREASING USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ENE-‐02B REDUCTION OF FOSSIL-FUEL ENE-‐03B BUILDING CODE AND APPLIANCE STANDARDS ENE-‐03C ENERGY INPUT LABELING ENE-‐02D WASTE HEAT RECOVERY ENE-‐02C Important to recognise the BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE cross-links between © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd Pillars and Activities 26 Envisioning a Sustainable Development Whole-Systems Integration Economics IDP CAPEX, OPEX & Budget Baseline, Goals, M&V and Reporting accurately Define Performance Metrics 12 Pillars of Sustainability with CO2 offsets © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd Please consider keysystems, environmental & Stakeholder impact 27 Methodology Framework for reducing carbon emissions Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 • Establish baseline emissions at organization/project level based on the GHG Protocol • Consider both direct and indirect emissions 2012 • Validate findings based on ISO14064 • Consider option for offsetting emissions to neutralize carbon footprint for CSR – RE and EE Projects & purchasing carbon credits • Develop VCS or Gold standard projects as administered by the IETA or purchasing existing carbon offsets from VCUs • Transfer VCUs into corporate registry account to neutralize emissions or retire them on behalf of clients to improve their CSR simultaneously © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 28 Benefits Improved CSR & Reporting Continued Improvement Increased Profitability Increased client base Added value to clients © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 29 Emission Reductions with CSR benefits developed for our clients • Residential Developers – offset CO2 from volume of concrete used and energy used at project site development – 80,000 ton CO2 - upfront • Commercial & Industrial Facilities (Retail Malls, Data Centers – Offset CO2 emissions from direct and indirect emissions – 250,000 ton CO2 per annum • Originated RE & EE projects and generated 23,000,000 tons CO2 from RE projects globally from 2003 through to 2014 © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 30 Involvement in a Project with DfE: International Rectifier Clean Room Wafer Fab in Singapore • Series of four IDP charrettes • Estimated net energy reduction of 40% • Overall estimated electrical energy savings = 1.710 GWh per annum • Annual OPEX savings = $461,700 per annum © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 31 Involvement in a Project with DfE: European Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facility in Singapore • • • • • • Total GFA – 33,206 m2 Total energy requirement per annum – 87,408.351 MWh Total Savings identified at IDP charrette – 19.8 GWh p.a Agreed Tariff – $0.27 Dollar savings – $5,346,00 in OPEX per annum Increased Productivity through facade © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 32 Involvement in a Project with DfE: New Data Centre IDP Charrette • CAPEX savings ≥S$ 12m • OPEX savings ≥S$ 11m/year (based on 2,500W/m2) • 11% increase in lettable floor area • 33% increase in number of racks/ floor • Extra floor to building • Greater GFA/floor • Future proofing—power density • Can be genuinely marketed as the “greenest” data centre in Singapore (possibly the most efficient/lowest PUE in SE Asia) © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 33 Involvement in a Project overseas: New Mixed-Use Development in Yangon, Myanmar • First charrette on August 29 & 30 2013 • Total gross floor area for mixed use of 350,000m2 • Projected savings S$21m in CAPEX S$10m in OPEX © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 34 Contact details www.climate-xchange.com Contact: Email: Mobile: DID: Skype: Vinod Kesava, Co-Founder/MD & CEO [email protected] +65 9384 0166 +65 6922 9881 icarbonman © Climate Resources Exchange (2014) Pte Ltd 35
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