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Technologogical innovation challenges: building bridges between
university and industry.
How to Put Innovation Into Action?
Petter Krus
Fluid and Mechatronic Systems
Linköping University, Sweden
Volvo Dynamic Steering
•
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https://www.google.se/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esr
c=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ve
d=0CC4QtwIwAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww
.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DM7FIvfx5J
10&ei=pfN5U5LJDeHIsASD4LADg&usg=AFQjCNFOJJVMMRLUWFyxIvd
awSE2_TWiaQ&bvm=bv.66917471,d.cWc
Bridgeing the gap
3
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Jochen Pohl had a PhD at LiU/Flumes in
2001
•
He then worked for another ten years as 20%
assistant professor and 80% in his company.
•
Co-supervisor of PhD students.
•
Access to university network for informal
discussions.
•
Did the control system that is licensed for
”Volvo Dynamic Steering”
•
The Epic Split - most watched automotive
commercial on Youtube ever!! >72 million
downloads
Sweden is only second to
South Korea in Innovation
4
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Sweden ranked second in Bloomberg's
Global Innovation Index 2014. Determining
factors:
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R&D intensity: 4th
•
Productivity: 7th
•
High-tech density: 5th
•
Researcher concentration: 8th
•
Manufacturing capability: 22nd
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Tertiary efficiency: 13th
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Patent activity: 26th
Linköping University
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Sweden 9.5 million people
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Linköping Municipality 140 000 people
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Linköping University 27 000 students
5
Linköping, Sweden
Fluid and Mechatronic Systems
at Linköping University
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7 professors and assistant professors
•
9 PhD students
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Systems that are characterized by a close
coupling between:
•
•
Mechanical system
•
Power transmission/Actuation system
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Sensors
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Control System
This requires, Multidisciplinary co-design, i.e.
Mechanical design and control system codesign where modelling and simulation are
central
Model Based Product
Development
Functions implemented
in software
Software
design
Mekatronic
product
Functional
requirements
Hardware
design
Functions implemeted
in hardware
Karl Pettersson
Hydromechanical Transmissions System Design
Load
Implemented in Matlab/Simulink
Karl Pettersson
Energy Efficient Transmissions
for Construction Machinery
•Flumes/VCE project
•Hydromechanical transmission
•Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop testbench
Magnus Sethson
Alesandro Dell’Amico
Digital hydraulics
Multi-chamber cylinders
Digital valves
Discrete force spectrum
Mikael Axin
Energy Efficient Mobile Hydraulic
Actuation Systems
•
Project sponsored by Parker HannifinHannifin, USA
Original Load Sensing system (LS)
with closed loop controlled pump
Flow sharing system with open
loop controlled pump
Conceptual Design of a Closed-Centre Power-Steering
for Active Steering
Sid 14
Linköpings
universitet
2014-05-19
Alesandro Dell’Amico
Conceptual Design of a Closed-Centre Power-Steering
System using Hardware-in-the-Loop
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Electrohydraulic closedcenter valves for enabling
active steering and reduced
energy consumption
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A generic test rig
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A physical steering gear is in
the loop
 The conceptual design is in the software
 Fast servo valves simulates the behaviour of each conceptual design
Sid 15
Linköpings
universitet
2014-05-19
HOPSAN-NG (Next Generation)
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Bidirectional delay-lines
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Modelica support is under development
•
Genuine team work
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Freeware that can be downloaded from
http://www.iei.liu.se/flumes/system-simulation/hopsanng
Friday afternoon workshop= “happy hour”
Robert Braun
Peter Nordin
Björn Ericsson
Atlas Copco: Rock drill Simulation and Optimization
using the HOPSAN simulation package
Atlas Copco has 45% of the world market in rock drill
equipment
rock - drillbit
rock drill
systems
supply
system
stress waves
feed force
system
stress wave
rotation
feed force
tranfer and
damping
percussion
Atlas Copco: Rock drill Simulation
Piston velocity [m/s]
Valve position [mm]
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Inlet pressure [MPa]
Piston pressures [MPa]
Time [ms]
Example: Aircraft System
The aircraft attitudes during an Smaneuver.
The aircraft trajectory during an Smaneuver.
Angular position and reference position of
the rudder actuator
Ingo Staack
KBE for system
Knowledge modelling of aircraft hydraulic System
SAAB
Teknikledar
2013-11-12
Raghu Chaitanya M.V. , Ingo Staack
KBE for Aircraft Conceptual
Design
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Design Optimization
Endurance
Example MAV optimization. Pareto optimal front
showing how endurance relates to weight.
Each dot in the figure represents a full CAD design,
optimal propulsion system combination, while meeting
mission related performance requirements such as
cruise speed, payload capacity, stall speed etc.
Sid 22
1727
Weight
5/19/2014
Vertical Integration
System of system
System
Subsystem
Component
Sid 23
Linköpings
universitet
2014-05-19
Fluid and Mechatronic Systems
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Maintain and develop laboratory resources
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Modelling and simulation technologies
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Design analysis and system optimisation
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Applications: Mechatronics, hydraulics, construction machines,
road vehicles, and aircraft.
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Keywords: System dynamics, and system efficiency
•
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Design – model – simulate –analyse – prototyping – model validation
– evaluation and testing
Education for Innovation in
Engineering
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Integrative subjects are needed
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Engineering System Design
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System Modelling and Simulation
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Product modelling
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Design Optimization
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Technologies
Aircraft Design, Hydraulics and Pneumatics,
Combustion Engines,...(Just some examples…)
Enduran
ce
•
25
1727
Weigh
t
CONCEPT REALISATION LABORATORY, CRL
The Concept Realisation Laboratory is the joint laboratory of
engineering divisions at the Department of Management and
Engineering at LiU. The Laboratory has activities in
Engineering Design, Product Design, Aircraft Design, and
Hydraulic Power Transmission and Motion Control,
Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Linköping University.
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Concept Realization
Laboratory
•Research in methods and tools
•Research in technologies
•Case studies
•Project courses
•Thesis work
CRL
•Project courses
•Thesis work
Sid 27
Linköpings
universitet
2014-05-19
Early prototype in product development
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-1
1
1
1
-1
0
1
0
km
s
km/h
40.00
8.00
100
12.75 11.25 11.25
1.25
1.10
1.10
1.00
9.00
0.88
1.00
17.25
1.69
9
0.93
9
9
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
EUR/km
EUR
0.20
0.00
5000
4.50 11.25
4.50
0.44
1.10
0.44
Safety weight
Customer req. priorities
Chassi cost
Cost
Running cost/km
Handling
Recharge time
Top speed
Acceleration (0-70)
Range
1
1
Emissions
Motor power
1.00
1.25
1.001.31
0.50
5,83 132,79
1,00
-0,45
-0,14
0,00
1,00
0,33
0,00
3,01
1,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,29 System
0,08
0,00
0,43 characteristics
0,12
0,00
0,00 priorities
0,00
0,00
80.00
-1,05
-0,35 1.26
0,00
0.73
0.29
1.12
-0.09
1.12
0.00
0.89
-0.41
1.71
0.00
0.89
0.27
0.45
0.00
1.12
0.11
0.45
0,91
-0,47
0,07
0,17
0,00
1,00
1,50
0,00
0,00
0,12
-0,31
0,04
0,11
0,00
0,67
1,00
0,00
0,00
1,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
Cost
Emissions
Running cost/km
Handling
s
tic
Customer requirements
Fun
Practical
Enronmentaly friendly
Safe
Economical
Sign
Demand or whish
Units
Target values
System char. priorities
Normalized system char. priorities
57,25
57,25
1,00
5,83
-0,25
132,79
-0,73
1,00
0,00
0,91
-1,19
0,12
-1,77
0,00
27816.31 1,00 20.00
-0,28
0.1260374 -0.07
-0.13
0.08
0.04
-0.02
0.00
0.00
0.18
-0.11
0.00
1.00
-0.12
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.46
1.250.00
Recharge time
is
er
QFD
Range
ct
ra
ha
C
Range
Acceleration (0-70)
Top speed
Recharge time
Handling
Running cost/km
System
Emissions
characteristics
Units
Actual
value 18397.90
System characteristics
Cost
Range
km
57.25
-0.06
Acceleration (0-70) s
5.83
-0.93
Top speed
km/h
132.79
0.31
Recharge time
hour
1.00
0.00
Handling
0.91
-0.09
Safety level
1.00
0.00
Running cost/km
EUR/km
0.12
0.06
Emissions
0.00
0.00
Cost
EUR
60373.10 9
0.43
3
9
9
9
9
3
System
parameters
3
priorities
1.85
Design
sensitivity
Top speed
em
st
Sy
Functional
correlation
Battery weight Acceleration (0-70)
Design
optimization
60374
-0,20
-0,44
-1,31
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
1,00
2.22
Some kind of physical prototype is necessary to evaluate a concept
from:
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•
•
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Technical perspective,
Design perspective
User perspective
And in order to communicate with a market.
Linköpings
universitet
2014-05-19
Student projects
The Elith demonstrator 2004
Top speed: 100 km/h
Range: 20 km
Weight: 140 kg
(approx)
Part cost (excl.
chassi) 2000 Euro
Sid
29
Linköpings
universitet
2014-05-19
Sustainable Light Utility Vehicles
Student project 2007
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Modular electric vehicle for development
countries sponsored by Skyllermarks AB
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To be used with wind power plants
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Using electric wheel motors. 2-4.5 kW/wheel
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Can be equipped with ethanol powered power
generator for endurance.
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Top speed of 60 km/h.
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Range with lead-acid batteries about 20km
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Range with new li-ion batteries about 80 km.
Linköpings universitet
2008 GlobaLiTH
Light electric utility vehicle for development
countries, 4WD, Fibre composite structure
Sid
31
Linköpings
universitet
2014-05-19
Subscale Flight Test Model of Hypothetical
Next Generation Fighter Aircraft
Real Jet Engine with
170 N thrust a
Length 2.4 m
Span 1.5 m
Weight 15 kg
Linköpings
universitet
2014-05-19
Parker Pump
Development
33
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Long term relationships
•
Simulation models of flow pulsation has been used and have had
an important role in the development of the Parker range of bent
axis machines.
Technical Rediness Level
34
•
Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is a
measure used by some United States
government agencies and many of the
world's major companies (and agencies) to
assess the maturity of evolving technologies
(materials, components, devices, etc.) prior to
incorporating that technology into a system or
subsystem.
•
Universites belong on the lower end of the
scale
•
Industry belong to the upper levels
•
There must be an overlap
Silent Efficient Mobile Systems
Parker
LiU
2005
35
Björn Ericson
Mikael Axin
2010
2015
Aircraft Conceptual design
(Design tool development)
Unamnned
Systems
Transportation
Camron Munro
Christopher
Jouannet
Kristian
Amadori
Ingo Staack
Saab
LiU
2000
36
2005
2010
DavidLundström
2015
Raghu Vitanya
Volvo CE projects
Jonas Larsson
Kim
Heybrook
Volvo
LiU
2000
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2005
2010
2015
Karl Pettersson
Cross Fertilisation
System Optimization
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With a good network methods developed in
one area can be transfered to other
application areas.
•
Simulation based optimization was
implemented for hydraulic system
optimization in 1991 at LiU Flumes.
•
Simulation based optimization in Hopsan is
heavily used by Atlas Copco for Rock drill
development.
•
Simulation based optimization was introduced
for pump design with Parker.
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System optimization was introduced in
projects with ABB for industrial robots.
Cross Fertilisation
Knowledge based Engineering, KBE
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Needs in aircraft design project led to
involvement in this area starting 2003.
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The methodology become interessting also to
ABB for industrial robot design and is now
part of their process.
•
Same methodology has subsequently also
made Bombardier a partner with the Machine
Design Division at LIU
Working with industrial
partners
40
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Be flexible. Do not insist using the
”screwdriver” you have as the fix for
everything.
•
Industry is problem oriented. Academy tend
to be method and tool oriented.
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Listen to the needs and be creative but
honest with how you can contribute as a
University partner.
Publication Focus
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Applied research tend to have much less
citations (Industry do not cite).
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With publication focus, also applied
disciplined tend towards the ”academic” end
of the spectrum.
•
The University have to recognize industry
collaboration in its own right.
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Patents should have a high value.
Good Research Projects
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Should be like a Shakespear play
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Have profound depth exploring eternal
themes, that can be fully appreciated only by
the few.
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Some passion and action, that can be
appreciated by all.
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Limited resources should be directed to areas
that do have an academic interesst as well as
an industrial application
Pesquisa Aplicada para Geração de
Engenheiros de Excelência
Resultados de pesquisas
Universidade
Conhecimento
Pesquisa
Pesquisadores
Pós‐graduandos
Domínio do conhecimento
Mestres e Doutores
Ensino
Estudantes
Engenheiros
Indústria
University-Industry Co-operation
Intellectual property handling
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University – Industry collaboration is extremely important for
sustainable research in engineering!
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Open University vs. closed industry is a challange!
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Getting stuck on discussion about IP generally throws industry
off.
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Industry collaboration has to high value for academia in order to
let this get into the way.
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Intellectual property should be the least important factor for
university
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Income manly from production of engineers
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From research application grants.
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University-Industry Co-operation
Intellectual property handling
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Student should be able to publish w/o delay
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NDA with PhD student and supervisor
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Could mean fast patent filing
(not really 100% ok according to our (Swedish) regulations)
If research results can be patented, the company do that.
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University-Industry Co-operation
Intellectual property handling
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Researchers at the university are acknowledged as coinventors.
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Often the economic reward of patents is negotiated to be the same
as if the person was hired by the company.
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Patents are very hard to pursue as an individual and in most cases
there is no economic reward at all in those cases.
University Industry collaboration needs trust
•
Trust takes long time to built but can be quickly eroded.
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Research is long term strategy
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Research started today will have reached
maturity in about 10 years.
•
Research collaboration should not only focus
on acute problems but should have a long
term (10 year) perspective
•
Payback will come earlier in the form of well
trained engineers, and that university
personell get skilled to also handle short term
porblems, i.e. in shorter student projects.
University-Company Co-operation
dealing with multiple partners
•
FLUMES do not co-operate direct with
competitors in the same field
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System integrators (OEMs) are less sensitive
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Research and innovation Agendas
•
Instead of agencies defining research program, the initiatuive
should come from the stakeholders, i.e. Industry, institutions
and universites.
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Put in system in Sweden.
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Started with a National Research Agenda for aviation.
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This formed the basis for the call for projects in the National
research program for aviation.
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Following this example an open call for agendas fas formulated.
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Examples
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Mining, Manufacturing, Aviation, Systemsimulation and models,
Forest prodcution……
Example: Swedish Research Agenda in
Aviation 2010.
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Involved representatives from major industry,
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Saab, GKN (formerly Volvo Aero)
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Major universities
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The Swedish armed forces
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The Armed Forces and the Swedish Defence Material
Administration
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FOI-Swedish Defence Research Agency.
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+ a number of other stakeholders
Swedish Research and
Innovation Agenda in Aviation
2013.
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Why are aeronautics an area of strength for Sweden?
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How can the aeronautics sector be rejuvenated?
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What are aviation's common objectives and vision for the short,
medium and long term?
•
What investments and activities are necessary in order to fulfill these
objectives and meet the requirements outlined in the aviation agenda?
•
What can and should the nation's focus be in an international context?
•
How can existing efforts, resources and infrastructures be used more
effectively?
•
What shape should cooperation take in order to ensure that we can
implement the activities proposed?
Research Agendas in Brazil
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Should be a catahlyst to bring stakeholders together and
formulate the strategy for research and innovation within a field.
•
It means a proactive approach to resarch funding rather than a
reactive approach.
•
It is hard for an agency not to listen to a well written agenda as
it should have the support from the important stakeholders.
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Also emphasize education!
Research Collaboration Vision (Saab)
5th Generation
Fighter Capability
Future
Unmanned Systems
Gripen 2-seater
Development
Gripen NG
Engineering capabilities
Airborne Computer
Systems
Vehicle
Systems
Human-Machine
Interaction
Tactical
System
Aeronautical
Engineering
Systems Integration
Maintenance
Systems






Weapons
Integration

Structural
Technology
Flight Test and
Verification
Systems of Systems Integration
Operational Analysis
Concept Design
Overall Design and Architecture
Survivability
Safety & Reliability
ILS, Availability and Maintainability
Airframe
Design
Engineering Methods & Tools
Support Systems
and Simulators
Production
Systems
Long Term Research
Collaboration
•
Joint development of a capability for the 5th
generation Combat Air System.
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Personal opinions (P Krus).
•
The Gripen deal can be seen as an enabler
for a wider research collaboration in spill over
areas, to benefit of universities and other
industries.
•
Sustainable research collaboration needs to
have some symmetry.
Challenges and Opportunities
•
In ten years time computational cost will be reduced with a factor of 1000.
•
Internet backbone speed will be increased with a factor of 100.
•
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These are exponential trends (or more)
Internet is the platform for product development
•
The requirement for sustainable technologies often means transition to new
technologies.
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Rapid Concept Prototyping
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Physical prototyping is an essential part of product development that is augmented, not
replaced by design automation tools.
Linköpings
universitet
2014-05-19
What is required to reduce the time for product
development a factor of 10?
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Design automation based on reusable models, design analysis, design
optimization, based on digital models
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•
•
•
•
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Virtual offices for collaboration between participants on geographically
separated locations. .
Simulators for “Man in the loop” and “Hardware in the loop” simulation in
order to mix hardware with simulation models for testing and validation.
The capability to rapidly produce physical prototypes has to increase order
of magnitude. This will otherwise be a bottleneck
Very good measurement equipment and experimental facilities.
High accessibility to rapid prototyping/Free form/layered manufacturing, and
other facilities for rapid manufacturing
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•
Internet will be used for automatic search and localisation of components and for
automatic configuration of products.
Multi material machines will be able to produce complex functional components in
one shot
Rapid Concept Realization.
Linköpings
universitet
2014-05-19
It is important to have experts in
Innovation
but also important to have
Innovative people
58
www.liu.se