Telematics Digital Convergence – How to Cope with Emerging Standards and Protocols http://www.bmw.williamsf1.com/ Agenda • The Automotive Market Overview • In-Car Bus Networks Overview – Body Control & Under-the-hood – Entertainment & Driver Information Systems – Advanced Safety Systems • Reconfigurable Electronics • Multimedia Design Example • Conclusion Automotive Busses Training 2 Automotive Semiconductors “It is now estimated that the cost of the electronics in a new car rises by 9 - 16 % each year. In the 2001 model year, electronics accounted for 19 % of a mid-sized vehicle's cost. In the year 2005, it may be 25 % for mid-sized cars and possibly 50 % for luxury models. ” Source: http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/publicfeature/apr02/ecar.html Apr 12th, 02 Automotive Busses Training 3 Automotive Market Dynamics • Car manufacturers desire HW/SW platforms that are flexible – By model (5-series BMW vs. 7-series BMW), By Geography, By Option purchased, etc. • Networking comes to the vehicle – Interfacing to multiple control networks remains a challenge (CAN, FlexRay) – Providing high-speed media interfaces (MOST, IEEE1394, etc.) • Unprecedented data processing and bandwidth demands – Video (MPEG-2, MPEG-4), wireless technologies (Bluetooth, 3G, DAB, DVB-T), DSP (Software Defined Radios, etc.), and connectivity (PCI, etc.) • Time-to-market pressures and cost sensitivity remain drivers • ASICs are inflexible and ASSPs don’t address the functionality needs http://www.xilinx.com/esp/automotive/index.htm Automotive Busses Training 4 In-Car Networks > DRIVER ASSITANCE SYSTEMS > X-BY-WIRE Automotive Busses Training 5 Advanced Safety Systems Body Control and Under-the-hood • CAN (Controller Area Network) – Developed in the mid-1980’s by Bosch – High-integrity serial data communications bus for real-time applications – Operates at data rates of up to 1 Megabits per second • Low speed with sleep mode 125 kbps • High speed 1 Mbps – Has excellent error detection and confinement capabilities – Was originally developed by Bosch for use in cars – Is now being used in many other industrial automation and control applications – even telecoms (Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and Mobile Switching Centers (MSC) – Is an international standard: ISO 11898 – Details at: http://www.can.bosch.com/ Automotive Busses Training 6 Body Control and Under-the-hood • LIN (Local Interconnect Network) – – – – – – – – – – – Low cost body electronics network based on UART SCI data format Single master to multiple slave concept, single wire 12V bus Transmission speed: 20kbit/s Serial bus used for distributed electronic systems in vehicles Used for smart sensors and actuators where the bandwidth and versatility of CAN is not needed Conceived in 1998 Consortium members include: Audi, BMW, Motorola, DaimlerChrysler, VW and Volvo (plus tool maker ICT and Motorola semiconductor) Open source (i.e. - no license) Typical applications: smart sensors, actuators or illumination in vehicles e.g. door control, steering wheel, seats, climate regulation, lighting and rain sensors Also used in machine control as a sub-bus for CAN in industrial applications www.lin-subbus.org Automotive Busses Training 7 LIN Applications Automotive Busses Training 8 Entertainment and Driver Information Systems • Media Orientated System Transport (MOST) – Designed for relatively low cost high-speed multimedia applications – Optimized fir use with low cost plastic optical fibre and supports data rate >24.8 Mbps – Ease of Use http://www.mostnet.de/ • Simple connectors • Plug-n-Play – Self identifying devices & scalable – Wide Application Range • Supports synchronous and asynchronous data transfer • Supports multiple masters • Supports up to 64 devices – Robust • High degree of data integrity – Endorsed by: BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Harman/Becker and OASIS SiliconSystems – Implemented in telematics units from Motorola for use in BMW and Audi cars – MOST network used by Harman Becker in BMW 7 series Automotive Busses Training 9 MOST Automotive Applications Automotive Busses Training 10 In-Car Network - Overview CAN LIN MOST Automotive Busses Training 11 Entertainment and Driver Information Systems • Bluetooth – Short range • Up to 10 meters typically – Modest performance (721Kbps) – Dynamic configurability • i.e. ad hoc networking/roaming – Low power • Well suited to handheld applications – Support for both voice and data – Chrysler group uses Bluetooth to connect cell phone to in-car multimedia system – Advantages • Easy upgrade of in-car accessories without disturbing wiring or internal fittings, – Disadvantages • Concerns over security of silicon supply over the life of the vehicle, reliability of software and hardware over and above other Bluetooth applications, ability to work in a noisy electrical environment and extended temperatures, specific automotive features are ‘still in development’ Automotive Busses Training 12 Bluetooth On the Road Car Audio System PDA Cell Phone Headset Pay Phone & Access Point MP3 Player Laptop Automotive Busses Training 13 Hotel Phone & Access Point Entertainment and Driver Information Systems • D2B (Digital Data Bus) – Unshielded twisted pair (Smartwire) and Optical data bus for data and control information – – – – – – – – between in-car multimedia products Open system architecture – so extra devices can be added to the network simply and easily Can be used for OEM or aftermarket products Data through put of up to 11.2 Mbps Domestic ‘infotainment’ bus introduced in passenger cars by Mercedes-Benz Semiconductor devices (Physical layer and transceiver) produced by C & C Electronics in the UK (JV of Matsushita & Philips www.candc.co.uk) Over 6 million nodes in vehicles world wide, users include Mercedes Benz, Jaguar, Yazaki, Visteon, Nokia, Blaupunkt, Denso, Temic and Delphi Advantages: Is already being used in production vehicles (proven technology), can be optical and twisted pair and is easily added to Advantages: Self adapting on start up to what ever is on the network (so new devices can be added at any stage), will be backwards compatible, one wire only (so reliable, fewer external components/connectors and reduced system weight) Disadvantages: Semiconductor support is limited http://www.candc.co.uk/ Automotive Busses Training 14 Advanced Safety Systems • FlexRay – FlexRay is a communication system that will support the needs of future in-car control application with speeds up to 10Mbps – Key consortium members: BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Motorola, Philips – – – – – Semiconductors, Bosch and GM , associate members include: Ford, Fiat and Mazda (Audi and VW have also been considering FlexRay) One of the many Time Triggered Protocols but is not yet fully verified Suits different applications: X-by-wire, power train, next generation engine control and other high speed communication applications Complements CAN, LIN and MOST Supports redundancy and fault tolerant distributed clock synchronisation Allows synchronous and asychronous data transmission http://www.flexray.com/index.php Automotive Busses Training 15 Advanced Safety Systems • Time Triggered Protocols (TTP) – TTA Group is the governing body : www.ttchip.com – Xilinx Joined TTA consortium 29/8/02, members include: Audi, PSA, Renault, – – – – NEC, TTChip, Delphi & Visteon Used in safety critical parts first e.g. X-by-wire and it is envisaged that it will eventually works it way into traditional CAN type applications Mature network solution: Silicon since 1998 2nd generation silicon supports speeds up to 25 Mbits/s Advantages • • • • • Already used and proven in aerospace and train applications Fault tolerant Time triggered vs. event triggered Real time operation (fast) TTA IP is free of charge – Disadvantages • Limited silicon support Automotive Busses Training 16 From the Lab to the Road Multimedia Platform Design Prototype • Develop system • Integrate functionality / new standards • Evaluate operation Automotive Busses Training 17 Production • Flexible and field • • • • upgradeable Single platform, multiple manufacturing variations Customized look & feel New features, functions Requires extended temperature operation Car Multimedia System 32-bit CPU SDRAM SDRAM RF Tuner External Controls Speakers DVD AC97 Codec Drive Unit Automotive Busses Training 18 Processor Interface TFT LCD DDR Memory Controller VGA Controller Filtering & Formatting PCI Bridge MOST Entertainment User Interface CAN 2.0B Controller Body Electronics AC 97 I/F PCMCIA ATAPI / IDE Discrete CLK Logic DLLs Network Plug-in Card Automotive IP Cores Automotive Specific CAN (Controller Area Network) • Memec Design Engine Management • CAST • Zionix • Zylon • Robert Bosch LIN (Local Interconnect Network) •Intelliga (Plus LIN to CAN bridge) Microprocessor and Peripheral Microprocessor Peripherals •FIR filters, DA FIR, FFTs, MAC, Sine Cosine, etc. Base arithmetic functions •Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Square-root Memory functions •Asynchronous FIFOs, Synchronous FIFOs, •Block memory modules, Frame Buffers, CAMs, •Shift-Registers, Flip-Flops Basic logic functions •Gate modules, multiplexers, decoders, accumulators, •comparators, counters Compression •DCT/IDCT, Motion Compensation/Estimation •DWT •MPEG-4, MPEG-2, JPEG2000 CODEC • UART, SPI, Timers, DMAs Memory Controllers •SRAM: ZBT, QDR •SDRAM: SDRAM, DDR •Flash: CompactFlash, MMC, SD Card, MemoryStick,IDE •PCI, PCI-X, CAN, Rapid I/O DSP functions Encoding/Decoding • 8, 16, 32-bit soft processors System Interfaces DSP Color Space Conversion •RGB2YCrCb, YCrCb2RGB, RGB2YUV, YUV2RGB, etc. Forward Error Correction •Reed-Solomon, Viterbi, Convolutional Encryption/Decryption AES (Rijndael), DES, TDES, RSA, MD5, Blowfish, SHA http://www.xilinx.com/ipcenter Automotive Busses Training 19 , etc. Soft Processor IP Cores • Soft processor cores can be ‘owned’ by the customer and used across many projects – never going obsolete! • Peripheral can be added to make up only the functions that are required – no wasted peripherals or logic gates! • Code and peripheral ‘banks’ can be built up and used across many projects over time • Legacy code is not wasted saving time and money http://www.xilinx.com/ProcessorCentral Automotive Busses Training 20 < $8 The FPGA and CPLD Automotive Solutions Landscape World’s Lowest Cost FPGA CPLDs Starting < $1 $0.50 System Gates 6.4 K Automotive Busses Training 21 Device Family Features FPGAs Starting @ $2.55 Design Complexity Cost per Functional Block ($) Wireless Baseband Video Processing MP-3 Codec IEEE1394, USB2.0 32-bit µ P (MicroBlaze) Display Controller (VGA) Content Protection Error Correction 10/100 Ethernet MAC FlexRay Controller CAN 2.0B Controller Encryption (AES, TDES) PCI, Cardbus MMC/SD Card I/F Memory Controller PCMCIA, CF, IDE I/F Smart Card Controller 8-bit µC (PicoBlaze) LED, Keypad Controller UART, I2C, SPI, PWM Glue Logic, ASIC Fix 12K 40K 200K Max Family Density 600K 5000K CarCube™ – A Programmable Telematics Platform The Xingu Architecture Next Platform More functionality Lower Cost Customize Software Customize Hardware HMI Voice Recognition Video Codecs Etc. Support various • Peripherals • Car Bus Connectivity • Memories (Flash, SRAM, SDRAM • Displays Hardware Acceleration DSP for SDRs More Info: www.xilinx.com/esp/reference_boards Automotive Busses Training 22 Zionix FPGA Engine Management Solutions Spartan-3 with Zionix Engine Management IP DRAM Controller Flash Controller Inte rrupt Controlle r MicroBlaze Soft Processor Core with Instruction / Data Cache UART SPI GPIO J1850 / ISO-9141 CAN ADC Controlle r On-Chip Peripheral Bus (OPB) Zionix Engine Manage ment Bus (ZEM B) Engine Position Tracking Crank Cam Port / Dire Port / ct Port /Fuel Direct Injection Port /Fue Dire ct l DireFue ct lction Inje Fue Inje lction Inje ction Pe ak Hold Spark Spark Spark Spark Spark Currently Av ailable from Zionix Currently Av ailable from Xilinx Unde r De ve lopme nt by Zionix **Custom IP Av ailable from Zionix** Automotive Busses Training 23 Knock De te ction Position Position Trigge rs Triggers Position Position Trigge rs Trigge rs Trigger PWM PWM PWM PWM PWM Spe ed Spe ed Measure Meed asure Spe Spe Meed asure Me asure Spee d Quad Decode A B Z Contact Zionix - 210.269.4667 - [email protected] San Antonio, TX USA Conclusion • There are numerous emerging in-car bussing systems meeting different connectivity needs and speeds • OEMs are backing many standards to reduce risks • Reconfigurable electronics modules could help reduce risks further – in design and right through to production and beyond Automotive Busses Training 24
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