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Whatt is
Wh
i Required
R
i d to
t
Successfully Win a Bid for
the Olympic Winter Games?
Presented to:
Alpitec 2013
Beijing, P.R.C.
Presented by:
Mr Paul E
Mr.
E. Mathews
President
Ecosign Mountain Resort Planners Ltd.
Whi tl B.C.,
Whistler
B C Canada
C
d
Ecosign Mountain Resort Planners Ltd. has a long history of master
planning related to the Alpine, Freestyle and Nordic Facilities for the
Olympic Winter Games. Our experience includes Master Plans for
the following:
•
1988 Calgary, Canada OWG – Master Plan for Mount Allan (Nakiska) - site of
the Alpine Skiing venues.
•
1988 Calgary, Canada OWG – Master Plan for Canada Olympic Park - site of
the Freestyle and Ski Jumping venues events.
•
2002 S
Salt
lt L
Lake
k Cit
City, U
U.S.
S A
A. OWG – Master
M t Pl
Plan for
f Snowbasin
S
b i - site
it off the
th
Alpine Downhill and Super G Skiing venues.
•
2010 Vancouver , Canada OWG – Master Plan for Whistler Mountain - site of
the Alpine Skiing venues.
•
2010 Vancouver , Canada OWG – Master Plan for Whistler Olympic Park - site
of the Nordic Skiing,
Skiing Biathlon and Ski Jumping venues.
venues
•
2014 Sochi, Russia OWG – Master Plan for Rosa Khutor Ski Area - site of the
Alpine, Freestyle, Snowboarding and Jumping venues.
•
2014 Sochi, Russia OWG – Master Plan for Ski Laura - site of the Nordic
Skiing venues.
•
2018 P
Pyeong Ch
Chang, S
South
th K
Korea OWG – Currently
C
tl preparing
i a Master
M t Plan
Pl
for Pyeong Chang – site of the Freestyle Skiing and Snowboarding venues.
Winter Olympic Games include:
Ice Events - Skating,
Skating Ice Hockey
Hockey, Curling
Sliding Events - Luge,
Luge Bobsleigh,
Bobsleigh Skeleton
Snow Events - Skiing, Snowboarding, Ski Jumping
To successfully
y win a Winter Olympic
y p bid,, you
y must
have all events.
ICE EVENTS
SKATING - Governed by the International Skating Union (ISU)
FIGURE SKATING – Men and Women Singles, Pairs, Ice Dance
and
a
d Team
ea - Mixed
ed (New
e Medal
eda Event)
e t)
LONG TRACK SPEED SKATING
MEN S EVENTS
MEN’S
• 500 m
• 1,000 m
• 1,500 m
• 5,000 m
• 10,000
10 000 m
• team pursuit
WOMEN S EVENTS
WOMEN’S
• 500 m
• 1,000 m
• 1,500 m
• 3,000 m
• 5,000
5 000 m
• team pursuit
ICE EVENTS
SHORT TRACK SPEED SKATING
MEN’S EVENTS
• 500 m
• 1,000 m
• 1,500 m
• 5,000
5 000 m R
Relay
l
WOMEN’S EVENTS
• 500 m
• 1,000 m
• 1,500 m
• 3,000
3 000 m R
Relay
l
ICE HOCKEY - Governed by the International Ice Hockey
Federation (IIHF)
• Men
Men’s
s Ice Hockey
• Women’s Ice Hockey
CURLING - Governed by the World Curling Federation (WCF)
• Men’s Curling
g
• Women’s Curling
SLIDING EVENTS
BOBSLEIGH - Governed by the Fédération Internationale de
Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT)
• Men and Women Two-man Bobsleigh
• Men Four-man Bobsleigh
SKELETON - Governed
G
d by
b the
th Fédération
Fédé ti
Internationale
I t
ti
l de
d
Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT)
• Men’s
M ’ Skeleton
Sk l t
• Women’s Skeleton
LUGE - Governed by the International Luge Federation (ILF)
•
•
•
•
Men’s Single Luge
L ge
Men’s Double Luge
Women’s
Women
s Single Luge
Mixed Team Relay
SNOW EVENTS
NORDIC SKIING - Governed by the International Ski Federation (FIS)
MEN'S EVENTS
WOMEN'S EVENTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
15 k
km
4 x 10 km relay
50 km
Combined 15 + 15 Mass
Start
• Sprint 1.5 km
• Team Sprint
10 k
km
30 km
5 x 5 km Relay
Combined 7.5 + 7.5 km
Mass Start
• Sprint 1.5 km
• Team Sprint
•Note: the preferred maximum altitude according to the FIS for
Nordic skiing is 1800 meters for health reasons. The race will be
cancelled with temperatures of -25ºC and below.
SNOW EVENTS
BIATHLON - Governed by the International Biathlon Union (IBU)
MEN'S
MEN
S EVENTS
WOMEN'S
WOMEN
S EVENTS
• Individual 20 km
• 10 k
km S
Sprint
i t
• 12.5 km Pursuit
• 4x7
7.5
5k
km R
Relay
l
•
•
•
•
Individual 15 km
75k
7.5
km S
Sprint
i t
10 km Pursuit
4x7
7.5
5k
km R
Relay
l
New medal event (2014) – Biathlon relay (mixed)
SNOW EVENTS
SKI JUMPING - Governed by the International Ski Federation (FIS)
MEN'S
MEN
S SKI JUMPING EVENTS
•
•
•
Individual Large Hill
Team Large Hill
Individual Normal Hill
WOMEN'S SKI JUMPING EVENTS - New for 2014
•
Individual Normal Hill
Note: the preferred maximum altitude according to the FIS is 1700
meters. Above this elevation, the ski jumpers do not “fly” properly,
as was observed at the 2002 OWG Salt Lake City venue.
SNOW EVENTS
NORDIC COMBINED - Governed by the International Ski
Federation (FIS)
MEN'S EVENTS (2014)
•
•
•
Individual Large Hill Ski Jumping and 10 km Cross Country
Individual Normal Hill Ski Jumping 10 km Cross Country
Team – Normal Hill Ski Jumping and 4 x 5 km Cross Country
SNOW EVENTS
FREESTYLE SKIING - Governed by the International Ski
Federation (FIS)
MEN'S EVENTS
WOMEN'S EVENTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Aerials
Moguls
Ski Cross
Half-pipe
Slope Style
Aerials
Moguls
Ski Cross
Half-pipe
Slope Style
SNOW EVENTS
SNOWBOARDING - Governed by the International Ski
Federation (FIS)
MEN'S EVENTS
WOMEN'S EVENTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Parallel Giant Slalom
Half-pipe
Snowboard Cross
Slope Style
Parallel Slalom
Parallel Giant Slalom
Half-pipe
Snowboard Cross
Slope Style
Parallel Slalom
SNOW EVENTS
ALPINE SKIING - Governed by the International Ski Federation
(FIS)
MEN'S EVENTS
WOMEN'S EVENTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Downhill
Super G
Giant Slalom
Slalom
Super Combined
Downhill
Super G
Giant Slalom
Slalom
Super Combined
Of All Alpine Skiing events, the Men’s Downhill has the most
difficult requirements and is the hardest to find.
OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
Ice Events – requires the construction of suitable
facilities – easy to build ice arenas and curling rinks –
jjust takes time and money.
y
Sliding Events – requires the construction of suitable
facilities – easy to accomplish – just takes time and
money.
Snow Events – requires suitable natural terrain and
climatic conditions – more than just money to be
successful. There are certain technical criterion for the
ski events that must be met in order to have a
successful Olympic Winter Games bid, especially the
Men’s
Men
s Downhill.
2014 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES
SOCHI, RUSSIA
Number of Events
COASTAL CLUSTER
Discipline
Hockey
Long Track
Short Track
Figure Skating
Curling
TOTAL COSTAL CLUSTER
TOTAL COSTAL CLUSTER
Location
# of Events
Arena Bolshoy
2
Arena Adler
12
Arena Iceberg
8
Arena Iceberg
7
Arena Ice Cube
2
31
MOUNTAIN CLUSTER
Discipline
Location
Biathlon
Laura
Cross Country
Laura
Ski Jumping
p g
RusSki Gorki
Alpine Skiing
Rosa Khutor
Free Style Skiing
Rosa Khutor
Snowboard
Rosa Khutor
Bobsleigh
Sanki Track
Skeleton
Sanki Track
Luge
Sanki Track
TOTAL MOUNTAIN CLUSTER
TOTAL SOCHI 2014
## of Events
of Events
11
12
4
10
10
10
3
2
5
67
98
SNOW EVENTS
Major limiting factors for snow venues are:
• Ski Jumping - Maximum elevation 1
1,700
700 meters
• Cross Country Skiing – Maximum elevation 1,800
meters
t
and
d minimum
i i
temperature
t
t
off -25C
25C
• Suitable Men`s Downhill that meets all criterion
Since the
Si
th Men’s
M ’ Downhill
D
hill iis th
the mostt diffi
difficult
lt to
t
satisfy the technical requirements for, it is usually
th eventt that
the
th t eliminates
li i t mostt bids
bid from
f
qualifying.
MEN’S DOWNHILL REQUIREMENTS
• Vertical Drop - 800 meters to 1,100 meters
• Successful OWG Downhill courses have
average slope gradients between 25% and 36%
• Undulating terrain
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR THE LAST 10
OWG MEN’S DOWNHILLS
Olympic
V ti l
Vertical
C
Course
A
Average
Drop
Length
Slope
(m)
(m)
Gradient
Year
City
1984
S
Sarajevo
j
803
2 994
2,994
28 0%
28.0%
1988
Calgary
974
3,106
29.3%
1992
Albertville
972
2,905
36.0%
1994
Lillehammer
832
3 035
3,035
29 0%
29.0%
1998
Nagano
925
3,289
31.0%
2002
Salt Lake City
883
2,860
30.9%
2006
Torino
914
3 299
3,299
27 7%
27.7%
2010
Whistler
853
3,332
27.2%
2014
Sochi
977
3,487
29.8%
2018
Pyeong Chang
880
3 360
3,360
26 2%
26.2%
Ten Olympic Average
901
3,167
29.5%
Note:
• Sarajevo started from the roof of a mountain top restaurant in order to exceed the 800
meter minimum requirement.
• Albertville was the steepest , but controversial and resulted in many extra turns to control
the speed and skier’s
skier s safety
safety.
• Pyeong Chang (Jungbong) is the most gentle downhill proposed since 1984.
MORE THAN JUST AVERAGE GRADIENT
• The Downhill can’t have a steep top 1/3 and a
gentle bottom 2/3s to achieve the average gradient
• The Downhill can’t have a gentle top 2/3s and a
steep bottom 1/3 to achieve the average gradient
PROFILES OF THE WHISTLER AND SOCHI OWG
MEN’S DOWNHILL COURSE
Finding A Suitable Downhill
• To find the Alpine Venues
Venues, including a Men’s
Men s downhill
downhill,
for the 1988 Olympic Winter Games, Ecosign was
commissioned by the Alberta Government in 1979 to
study 20,000 square kilometers of the Canadian Rocky
Mountains.
• Over the last 34 years, Ecosign has utilized the Slope
and Terrain Capacity Analysis methods originally
developed to find the 1988 OWG site to analyze large
areas of mountainous terrain in Russia
Russia, Georgia
Georgia, Serbia
Serbia,
Montenegro and Kazakhstan to find terrain suitable for
ski area and competitive Alpine skiing sites.
PRESENTED BY:
PAUL E. MATHEWS
PRESIDENT
ECOSIGN MOUNTAIN RESORT PLANNERS LTD.
P O BOX 63
P.O.
WHISTLER, B.C. CANADA
pmathews@ecosign com
[email protected]
PHONE 01 604 932 5976
www.ecosign.com
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION