Literature Review Accessing the primary literature (Scientific Journals)
BIOL30001 Reproduction Introduction to practical classes Literature Review Accessing the primary literature (Scientific Journals) Literature Review • You will research the background and what has happened following up on this research with respect to the focus of the specific question. • We will assess your understanding of the field using several short written-answer directed questions. This assessment will be in the format of a invigilated test (5 mins reading, 30 mins writing time) in a class venue (3 sessions to be held on Thurs 26th and Fri 27th Sept, one topic per session). Groups released Monday noon • Topics available Monday 16th Sept (120 max per topic, sign up via LMS group. Each topic will have a different assessment time (see below)) • We will provide you with a seminal paper or two that changed the paradigm in a particular area, along with a specific question regarding work that has followed from this. Conventional paradigm Y chromosome (SRY) testis hormones sexual differentiation BUT… Not all sexual dimorphisms caused by testicular hormones in wallabies …. * Background * What has this new perspective led to? Why the new approach Topic Assessment time Topic 1 Sexual differentiation – nonhormonal pathways Thurs 26 Oct 1-2 PM ? Topic 2 New-hormonal pathways in virilisation Friday 27 Oct 9-10 AM Topic 3 IVF children – differences in phenotype to naturally conceived children Friday 27 Oct 1-2 PM • with over 330 students we could not mark a 1500 word essay in a timely fashion • Less work for you • some of slides following not relevant to this format but are useful generic skills. MAX 120 per topic Lecture 1 1 BIOL30001 Reproduction Is the internet always correct? • Google searches go to sometimes unreliable sources. • Wikipedia can be wrong: e.g. – 13/8/12 : “PMSG is marked by the fact that it produces both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).” - note misleading wording – 15/8/12: “In equids PMSG has only LH like activity, but in other species it has activity like both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).” corrected. Introduction to practical classes Primary literature search- some sources 1. Unimelb Library Discovery- Indexes to material available through library, but can be slow and difficult to find things. http://www.library.unimelb.edu.au/ library proxy: http://pubmed.org.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/pubmed/16735538 1. PubMed – free – indexes medical and related life science literature, gene database info and so on. http://pubmed.org -- access via library to get “source it at Unimelb” links. Be careful of sites and sources of information!! Primary literature search- some sources 3. 4. Scopus - Unimelb subscription via Library. Easy to download PDFs of sets of selected references. http://wwwscopus-com.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/home.url Google Scholar - broad coverage of material http://scholar.google.com.au/ Choose your search terms • Use the right key words and search strategy – Too broad a term will bring out too much – Use more complex searches to get more specific e.g. use parentheses, quoted phrases, and Boolean operators (i.e. AND, OR) to refine searches – Use filters like “review” or language or filter by year … 5. Web of Knowledge - http://apps.webofknowledge.com/ – Each search engine has its own syntax – read the instructions. Web of Science … Science Citation Index … Referencing in text • For all assessments- prac worksheets and lab reports, literature reviews, publications of all sorts. • UoM library guidelines http://www.library.unimelb.edu.au/cite/ Referencing-Bibliography • List references in alphabetical order. Give articles by the same author in the order: - Single author - Two authors alphabetically according to the name of the second author - Three or more authors chronologically, with a, b and c etc. for articles published in the same year, in the order in which they are cited in the text. • Reference in the following format: • Order – Chronological (earliest first), then alphabetical – e.g. (Shaw et al., 1998; Green, 2010; Shaw, 2010) • Citation styles – APA …oxytocin is secreted by the posterior pituitary (Shaw et al., 1998; Green & Shaw, 2005) – Vancouver …oxytocin is secreted by the posterior pituitary 1, 2. Lecture 1 Journal article Green MP, Ledgard AM, Beaumont SE, Berg MC, McNatty KP, Peterson AJ, Back PJ (2011) Altered ovarian dynamics and follicular steroid concentrations in relation to sub-clinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 89: 3551-3560. Suzuki S, Shaw G, Renfree MB (2013) Postnatal epigenetic reprogramming in the germline of a marsupial, the tammar wallaby. Epigenetics Chromatin 6: 14 Book chapter or section Shaw G (2006) Reproduction. In Marsupials . pp 83-107. Ed. Armati, P.J., Dickman, C.R. & Hume, I.D.. Cambridge University Press. Schneider NY, Shaw G, Renfree MB (2013) The Role of Olfaction at Birth in Marsupial and Monotreme Mammals. In Chemical Senses in Vertebrates XII . pp 87-96. Ed. East, M. L. & Dehnhard, M.. New York: Springer . 2 BIOL30001 Reproduction Introduction to practical classes Referencing - Bibliography • Many examples and variations of output styles • Each journal usually has their own e.g. Reprod. Fert. Develop. http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/47/aid/358.htm#9 Useful Links • http://www.library.unimelb.edu.au/ – … .ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/... library proxy • Unless it is specified (normally for journals) then choose one. • http://www-scopuscom.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/home.url • Just make sure you have all the information in the citation and be consistent with your format. • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.au/sit es/entrez?otool=iaumelblib e.g. use either the full journal title or the abbreviated titleBiology of Reproduction or Biol. Reprod. e.g. use full-stops, commas and spaces consistently- • http://www.library.unimelb.edu.au/cite/ • http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/47/aid/358.htm#9 Shaw, G., Green, M. P., and Parry, L. J. (2012) or Shaw G, Green MP & Parry LJ (2012) Plagiarism Plagiarism Penalties a) Initial- zero grade and warning What is it? • Plagiarism is the act of representing as one's own original work the creative works of another, without appropriate acknowledgment of the author or source. Try to avoid it https://academichonesty.unimelb.edu.au/advice.html http://academichonesty.unimelb.edu.au/links.html • We expect that when a student turns in work for assessment that it is the independent work of that student, it is written by that student, and they have written it in their own words. In most cases, copied assignments will be given a zero grade for the piece of work for both parties: if A copies B's assignment, both A and B will get zero. Assignments copied in whole or large part from books or articles will receive a zero grade. b) Full academic misconduct case • Strict university policy and procedures • Possible formal disciplinary and expulsion Questions ??? • on the review • on the past lectures • life the universe and everything … Lecture 1 3
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