1. business and industrial
2. agriculture and forestry
3. crops and seed

44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
1
PROJECT COVER SHEET – NON-MULTI-YEAR INVESTMENT PROJECTS
COUNTRY: CUBA
PROJECT TITLE
BILATERAL/IMPLEMENTING AGENCY
Total phase-out of methyl bromide in soil fumigation, substrates and storage and
structures
UNIDO
NATIONAL CO-ORDINATING AGENCY: Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal (INISAV) Oficina
Técnica de Ozono (OTOZ); Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (CITMA)
LATEST REPORTED CONSUMPTION DATA FOR ODS ADDRESSED IN PROJECT
A:
ARTICLE-7 DATA (ODP TONNES, 2003, AS OF
e.g.: Annex A Gp. 1, CFCs
e.g.: Annex B Gp. 2, CTC
B:
XXX
XXX
)
e.g.: Annex B Gp. 3, TCA
e.g.: Annex E, MB
XXX
24.1
COUNTRY PROGRAMME SECTORAL DATA (ODP TONNES, 200[X], AS OF [DATE])
Sector: e.g.: Refrigeration Sub sector 1: Commercial Sub sector 2: n.a.
e.g.: CFC-11
XXX
e.g.: CFC-12
XXX
CFC consumption remaining eligible for funding (ODP tonnes)
Subsector 3: n.a.
CURRENT YEAR BUSINESS PLAN: Total funding US $ million: total phase-out 24 ODP tonnes.
24.1
ODP tonnes
ODS USE AT ENTERPRISE
24.1
ODP tonnes
ODS TO BE PHASED OUT:
ODP tonnes
ODS TO BE PHASED IN
PROJECT DURATION:
48
Months
PROJECT COSTS:
Incremental Capital Cost
US $
488,875
Contingency (10%)
US $
48,888
Incremental Operating Cost
US $
0
Total Project Cost
US $
537,763
LOCAL OWNERSHIP:
100%
N/A
EXPORT COMPONENT:
US $
537,763
REQUESTED GRANT:
US $/kg
22
COST- EFFECTIVENESS:
US $
40,332
IMPLEMENTING AGENCY SUPPORT COST:
US $
578,095
TOTAL COST OF PROJECT TO MULTILATERAL FUND:
STATUS OF COUNTERPART FUNDING:
YES
PROJECT MONITORING MILESTONES INCLUDED:
PROJECT SUMMARY The project will eliminate 32.7 tons (19.6 ODP) of methyl bromide used for soil
fumigation in protected horticulture (tomatoes, cucumbers and others), flowers and ornamental plants. The
project also contemplates elimination of 3.8 tons of methyl bromide used for substrates in coffee nurseries and
7.5 tons (4.5 ODP) used for fumigating stored grains and mill industrial facilities. The alternatives to be
introduced for soil uses are: grafting (for horticulture), steaming (for flowers, plants and coffee nurseries). For
post- harvest uses phosphine combined with CO2 and heating, and sulphuryl fluoride. All uses of methyl bromide
in Cuba will be phased – out by 2008. Phase-out will be controlled by national regulations given by the
Government Institutions
Prepared by:
Reviewed by:
G. Castellá
Montesbravo
M. Pizano
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
Lorenzo
and
E.
Pere Date:
10/09/2004
Date:
30/09/2004
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
BACKGROUND
1.1.
Country Background
1.2.
Agriculture Production in Cuba
1.3.
Most Common soil-borne pests affecting horticulture and commodities
1.4.
Methyl bromide use in Cuba
3. PROJECT OBJECTIVE
4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
4.1.
Alternative technologies available in soil fumigation
4.2.
Alternative technologies available for substrates
4.3.
Alternative technologies available for stored products
4.4.
Alternative technologies available for structures
4.5
Justification of the Alternatives Selected
4.5
Compliance with Country Strategy
4.6
Equipment Needed
4.7.
Training requirements
4.8
Phase-out Schedule
4.9
Project Sites
5. PROJECT IMPACT
6. PROJECT INPUTS
6.1.
Capital Goods
7. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
7.1.
Phase-out monitoring
7.2.
Milestones
8. PROJECT COSTS
8.1.
Incremental Capital Costs
8.2.
Incremental Operating Costs
8.3
Contingency Fund
8.4.
Total Project Costs
9. PREREQUISITES
10. PROJECT MONITORING
11. POLICY MEASURES AGREED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF CUBA
ANNEX A
CALCULATION COEFFICIENTS AND OPERATIONAL COSTS
ANNEX B
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT TO BE INSTALLED
ANNEX C
TRAINING AND EXTENSION SERVICES
ANNEX D
PROJECT BUDGET
ANNEX E
AGREED CONDITIONS
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ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
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4
5
6
11
13
13
14
14
16
16
17
17
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
27
28
28
29
30
31
32
35
36
37
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
1.
BACKGROUND
1.1.
Country Background
3
Cuba is the largest island in the Greater Antilles, 1,250 km long and 31.191 km wide. The
national territory, including offshore islands and keys, covers 110,860 sq km. Rainfall is
comparatively high, with a dry season from November to April and hurricanes in June-October.
A limestone plain covers almost three quarters of the island. There are three mountain ranges:
the Sierra Maestra, which dominates the south-eastern part of the island, the Guaniguanico range
in the west, which rises to just over 700 meters, and the central Guamohaya (Escambray) range.
In 2001, the economy 66% of the GDP was comprised by services, 7% by agriculture and 28%
by industry. The services sector is composed by an extremely large welfare state and a rapidly
growing tourism industry. The 7% component covered by agriculture mainly comprises sugar
production, by tradition the dominant crop in Cuba.
Although the agricultural sector has undergone some reforms since 1990 and these have been
successful to a certain degree, t agricultural productivity still remains generally low. A food
programme introduced in 1991, which placed emphasis on import-substituting production, failed
to halt the decline in output. From September 1993 a new form of enterprise, the “unidades
básicas de producción cooperativa” (UBPCs, or basic units of cooperative production), began to
take over land previously administered by state farms. UBPC members have usufruct ownership
rights. This transformed the structure of land tenure, but a system of quotas and fixed prices
continues to dampen incentives.
During the last decade, the sub-sector of food production in the non-state sector has been one of
the most dynamic. Private farmers have responded to opportunities offered by free agricultural
markets, which have been operating since 1994; and local communities have set up successful
urban farms to improve food supplies which in turn have grown rapidly: in 2002 urban
agriculture produced 3 million tonnes of vegetables, double the amount produced in 2001. In the
absence of finance for imported inputs, many crops are organically produced. This has meant
that some growers now enjoy international certification for some of their crops, and can secure a
premium price for exports.1
Fruit and vegetable production for the domestic consumption has increased steadily since 1994
and, despite the low accessibility to imported inputs is now higher than before the economic
crisis of the early 1990s. The success of domestic food production is evidenced by a decline in
imports since 1997: the value of food imports has remained stable at around US$800m, which
comes near to food imports of over US$1bn in 1989, before the economical crisis hit. However,
the country is still highly dependant on imports of l some staple crops—particularly rice, beans
and wheat.
1
Economist Intelligence Unit, Cuba Country Profile, 2003/2004
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
1.2.
4
Agriculture Production in Cuba
Horticulture
Protected horticulture (under greenhouses) was introduced to Cuba in 1994, primarily as a
measure to satisfy increasing population needs but also for tourism; secondly, to ensure
horticultural production during the summer period. However, this was not possible under Cuba’s
climatic conditions. These efforts were based on technologies coming from Israel and Spain.
Later a variation of the concept "parasol” (to protect from the sun) was introduced. This
technology has been gradually adopted in all provinces and presently there are about 200 Ha of
protected culture. This figure is expected to increase to about 250 ha in 2005.
Yields obtained in protected horticulture have not reached those of temperate countries mainly
due to lack of sufficient experience with this production system. Further, high temperatures
during the warmest months of the year have limited the production. Table 1 shows average
yields for the main crops currently produced in greenhouses in Cuba.
Table 1. Yields by crop.
Crops
Tomatoes
Peppers
Cucumbers
Melons
Watermelons
Yields (tons/ha)
225
150
450
135
135
Production Cycles
In general, the crops above are grown in rotational systems, shifting cucurbits with solanaceous
crops, with an average of 2.5 cycles per year. A typical situation would be tomato: 1.5-2.0
Cucumber: 3-4 Pepper: 1.5-2.0 Melon: 3-4, Watermelon: 3-4.
Coffee
Coffee production was introduced to Cuba in the middle of XVIII century. At present,
production is distributed among the 4 mountainous zones of the country, although the Eastern
region concentrates 80 % of the total production. The good quality and peculiar flavor of Cuban
coffee are recognized all over the world.
A program to rehabilitate old coffee plantations with low yields has been recently set forward. It
was necessary to develop a large amount of coffee seedling nurseries for this purpose; the
varieties most commonly produced are Arabic and Canéfora (Robust).
The average coffee yields per year are 17,100 tons, produced in about 8000 Ha; of these, some
5520 tons are exported.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
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Production cycle
Arabic coffee is usually sown in November and that of the “Canéfora” variety in February. The
period of soil preparation and related practices comprises 6 months and the complete production
process extends up to 12 months.
Cut flowers and ornamentals plants
Cut flowers are mainly produced for the local market; however, about 30 different species
ornamentals plants (palms and exotic plants) are exported to Europe. Flowers such as Liatris,
Aster, Anthurium and others are produced in greenhouses; open field production is also quite
common, particularly by small growers and of species such as roses, gladiolus, carnations,
narcissuses, lilies, dahlias, etc.
One of the main cut flowers produced in Cuba is Anthurium; production cycles are typically of
four years and average yields of 115 thousands dozens/ha. Species like Bird of the Paradise
(Strelitzia) yield 1928 dozens/ha. Yearly production of ornamental plants is approximately 0.9
million pots. Annual export values between 1999 and 2001 were U$ 233,600 for Areca palms
and U$189,240 for Phoenix.
Production cycle
Nursery production of palms such as the Areca type involves two phases, the first one taking
between 3 and5 months (110-180 seeds by flowerpot) and the second 8 to9 months. This allows
for marketing plants 70 cm high or 100 cm after 9-10 months. Plants are normally planted
between July and September.
For species like the Phoenix palm, the nursery phase (3-5 seeds per pot) is maintained until the
plants reach 10-15 cm in height; subsequently, 1 to 5 plants per pot are transplanted and left to
grow until they reach a height of 45-70 cm. The cycle can last 8-12 months for small plants or 3
years or more for big plants.
Warehouses and mill industries
Two warehouse networks are in operation, one belonging to the Ministry of Internal Trade and
another one to the Ministry of Agriculture. The Ministry of Food Industry also owns a group of
warehouses, silos and mills, which are distributed all over the country. Within these networks
there are 131 units using methyl bromide for pest elimination.
1.3.
Most Common soil-borne pests affecting horticulture and commodities
The most frequent soil and substrate pests observed in Cuba, for which methyl bromide is used
are the following: fungi Phytophthora spp, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, Pythium spp. and
Fusarium spp; nematodes Meloidogyne incognita (Kodoif y White) Chitwood and M.
arenaria; mites Rhizoglyphus; and weeds Cyperus rotundus L., C. esculentus L., Amaranthus
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
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dubius Mart, Parthenium hysterophorus L., Echinochloa colonum L., Eleusine indica L.,
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour) Clayton and Sorghum halepense (L) Pers.
In storage facilities and silos, as well as milling processing facilities the main pests are
Trogoderma granarium, Bruchidos, Sitophilus sp, Tribolium sp, Anobidos, etc
1.4.
Use of methyl bromide in Cuba
Cuba started using methyl bromide in 1980, after 75% of the tobacco crop was lost in 1979 due
to the appearance of tobacco blue mold. During that growing season, tobacco production
dropped from 32,200 tones in 1979 to 8,200 tones in 1980. As a consequence of blue mold,
most of the tobacco seedbeds were treated with methyl bromide, which reached a consumption
of 400 tons per year.
Due to the economical collapse and the country’s policy on environmental issues, the use of
methyl bromide decreased to 118 tonnes in 1998; of these, 80 tons were used on tobacco
seedbeds. In 1998, the 26th Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the
Implementation of the Montreal Protocol approved a phase out project for the elimination of
these 80 tons. The alternative chosen was the soil-less floating tray technique. The project was
successfully completed and methyl bromide consumption in the tobacco sector has been
completely eliminated 2.
However, there still remain 414 Cuban producers using methyl bromide for soil fumigation,
substrates and industrial warehouses and facilities. 308 are small producers, 81 medium and 25
are large. Table 2 shows a consolidated table of the number of consumers.
In 2003 98 ha of protected horticulture including flowers and ornamental plants were treated
with methyl bromide. (It is estimated that about 78% of consumption corresponds to
horticulture)
In addition, 65,050 m3 of substrates in polyethylene bags and pots were treated for coffee
nurseries and ornamental plants and about 247,667 m3 of grains in warehouses, silos and
facilities of the mill industry. See table 3.
In 2003, a total of 40,170 tons of bromide of methyl were consumed; the price per ton was
U$2,900. 23,075 tons corresponded to protected cultures of peppers, tomatoes, melons and
cucumbers; 6.7 tons to ornamental plans and flowers; 2.8 tons to coffee nurseries and 7.3 tons to
grain storage facilities and/or mill industries. Table 4 shows the consumption by sector and
province.
2
See CUB/FUM/26/INV/11 Phasing out methyl bromide in the tobacco sector
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
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44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
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Table 2. Number of methyl bromide consumers per sector and size. (2003)
Province
Protected Horticulture
Consumer
type
Pinar del Río
La Habana
Ciudad
Habana
Matanzas
Cienfuegos
Villa Clara
Sancti
Spiritus
Ciego de
Avila
Camaguey
Las Tunas
Holguin
Granma
Santiago de
Cuba
Guantánamo
Total
Small Medium Large Total
(S)
(M)
(L)
2
2
39
7
1
47
7
3
10
Flowers and
Ornamentals.
S
L Total
Coffee
Food and Industrial Storages
Nurseries
L Total
S
M
L Total
10
3
10
10
4
3
10
6
3
4
M L Total
10
3
8
16
42
7
6
10 1
7 14
22
53
28
8
10
6
7
8
22
14
12
7
4
4
6
17
29
18
18
1
1
9
8
4
10
2
12
7
7
10
9
19
8
2
4
2
7
2
10
2
5
2
7
3
4
4
9
17
26
8
2
22
32
64
6
4
5
6
3
3
14
6
29
37
70
14
12
131
49 4
308 81 25
48
414
1
101
1
17
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
1
1
119
6
3
10
16
8
8
11
8
8
11
4
2
1
15
19
37
15
19
37
3
11
20
4
4
4
6
3
40
148
40
148
8
53
4
64
2
3
S
8
7
4
3
6
3
4
6
4
Total
2
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
2
3
2
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
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Table 3. Areas and substrates treated with Methyl bromide by Province for all sectors. 2003
Province
Areas treated with Methyl bromide
Volume of substrate
(Ha)
(m3)
Protected
Horticulture
Pinar del Río
La Habana
Ciudad Habana
Matanzas
Cienfuegos
Villa Clara
Sancti Spiritus
Ciego de Avila
Camaguey
Las Tunas
Holguín
Granma
Santiago de Cuba
Guantánamo
Sub-total
Total
Flowers and
ornamental plants
(open field)
2.34
23.94
5.40
7.56
4.24
2.38
Ornamental
Plants
Volume used in
grains and
industrial
facilities
Coffee
Nurseries
3029
5.50
5.49
18267
10.04
13.43
6.44
0.44
8.09
0.46
1.93
0.26
76.92
21.03
97.95
2530
2530
3528
5059
5344
12114
12649
46783
18267
65050
( m3)
16847
6116
32348
28117
25078
8654
16193
23270
8193
8193
21040
18155
25732
9731
247667
247667
MB application method in Cuba
Methyl bromide use in Cuba is controlled by regulations applying to each sector of application.
It is used at a rate of 30 g/m2 for soil fumigation in protected production of tomatoes, peppers,
melons, cucumber, watermelons and flowers. Substrates used in ornamental plant production are
also treated at a rate of 30 g/m3; substrates in coffee nurseries at a rate of 60 g/m3 and grain in
storage as well as industrial facilities at a rate of 30 g/m3.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
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44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
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Table 4. Methyl bromide consumption by sectors and provinces (2003)
Province
Pinar del Río
La Habana
Ciudad Habana
Matanzas
Cienfuegos
Villa Clara
Sancti Spiritus
Ciego de Avila
Camaguey
Las Tunas
Holguín
Granma
Santiago de Cuba
Guantánamo
Total
Protected
Horticulture.
0.702
7.179
1.621
2.268
1.272
0.714
0.000
4.030
1.931
0.133
2.428
0.138
0.580
0.078
23.075
Flowers and
ornamental plants.
Coffee
Nurseries
0.180
1.646
2.195
3.017
6.858
0.149
0.149
0.208
0.300
0.359
0.715
0.747
2.807
Grain and industrial Total
facilities.
0.551
1.467
0.182
8.696
0.487
4.233
0.429
2.599
0.607
5.043
0.368
1.253
0.371
0.653
0.366
4.221
0.243
2.090
0.243
0.370
0.548
3.278
0.911
1.530
1.456
2.981
0.668
1.756
7.430
40.170
I) Fumigation under tarps. It is used to control pests that affect plant products, substrates and
others during storage. The system involves packing the products to be treated in blocks and
covering them with a gas impermeable tarp. Two types of fumigation can be conducted: passive
fumigation where hoses are placed at a distance of 1 x 1m and 0.5 m deep with respect to the
surface of the packed block and in the center of each section; and active fumigation, in which
one fan of 20 m3 /minute in force for each 100 m3 of capacity is introduced.
II) Soil fumigation. Soil to be treated is covered with a polyethylene film. Application dosage
varies according to the type of soil: in sandy soils 30 g/m2 are used and in clay soils 30-50 g/m2.
In all cases, exposition time is 48 hours. Application is achieved though a hose connected to a
cylinder, which has a valve to regulate the dosage.
III) Substrate fumigation (used in coffee and ornamental plant production). The substrate is
laid out on the floor forming a “bed” 0.25m high, 2 m wide and 10m long. The bed is then
covered with a polyethylene film and treated with MB. Dosage rates vary from 30 gr/m3 for
substrates used in ornamental plant production to 60 gr/m3 for substrates used in coffee.
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ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
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2.
10
JUSTIFICATION OF PHASE-OUT PROJECT
Cuba signed the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol in 1992 and qualifies as an Article 5
country. In October 1998, Cuba ratified the Copenhagen Amendment.
The country is currently in compliance with the obligations of the Montreal Protocol.
Consumption is below the 2002 freeze, and the country is in the list of countries that are
projected to be in compliance with the 20% reduction in 2005.
In November of 1998, the Executive Committee approved a project to phase out methyl bromide
in the tobacco sector. The project was successfully implemented and the tobacco sector in Cuba
has been fully converted to the alternative technology proposed and promoted by the project.
The remaining consumption, as explained previously is for horticulture, flowers and ornamental
plants, coffee nurseries and storage and mill processing facilities. The present project intends to
eliminate all remaining consumption of methyl bromide in Cuba before 2010.
Cuba has issued policies to promote the use of environment- friendly technologies in all sectors
since the early 80’s, particularly in the agricultural sector. Emphasis was made on the use of
sugarcane bio-products and on reducing pesticide usage in all agricultural sub-sectors, notably in
the tobacco sector. Cuban authorities do not want to loose the momentum gained through the
implementation of the tobacco project and recognize the need to stop using methyl bromide as
soon as possible. They have been working on the identification of alternatives in conjunction
with farmers since 1998. In order to achieve this trials have been carried out, and activities such
as participation in international workshops adoption of foreign technologies and discussions with
farmers around the country have been promoted. Valuable experience and knowledge in relation
to alternatives for each of the relevant use has been obtained and are ready to be applied. So far
however, all this has been possible through Government funding. Thus, a request is being made
for assistance to the Multilateral Fund to help farmers in the adoption of new technologies.
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3.
11
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to eliminate 32.7 tons (19.6 ODP) of methyl bromide used for
soil fumigation in protected horticulture (tomatoes, cucumbers and others), flowers and
ornamental plants; this quantity includes 2.8 tons of methyl bromide used for fumigating
substrates used in coffee nurseries. Furthermore, it will eliminate 7.5 tons (4.5 ODP) of methyl
bromide used in grain storage and mill industrial facilities. All users are 100% local ownership.
This will signify almost the total elimination of methyl bromide used in Cuba, as the use in QPS
is limited.
Table 5. Distribution of farms phasing-out Methyl Bromide in Protected
Horticulture and Flower & Ornamental Plants
Province
Pinar del Río
La Habana
Ciudad Habana
Matanzas
Cienfuegos
Villa Clara
Sancti Spiritus
Ciego de Avila
Camaguey
Las Tunas
Holguin
Granma
Santiago de Cuba
Guantánamo
TOTAL
Protected Horticulture
Surface
effectively
treated with Number Mebr
Mebr (has)
of farms (tonnes)
2.34
23.94
5.40
7.56
4.24
2.38
2
47
10
9
8
4
13.43
6.44
0.44
8.09
0.46
1.93
12
10
2
5
2
7
0.70
7.18
1.62
2.27
1.27
0.71
0.00
4.03
1.93
0.13
2.43
0.14
0.58
0.26
76.92
1
0.08
119
23.08
Flower&Ornamental (soil)
Surface
effectively
treated with Number Mebr
Mebr (has)
of farms (tonnes)
5.5
5.49
3
10
1.646
2.195
10.04
3
3.017
21.03
16
Total Mebr
consumptions
oil treatment
6.858
Total area treated
Total Nr Farms
0.70
8.83
3.82
2.27
4.29
0.71
0.00
4.03
1.93
0.13
2.43
0.14
0.58
0.08
29.93
97.95
135
As depicted in Table 5, 77 Ha of vegetable production under cover (tomatoes, peppers,
cucumbers, etc) are presently fumigated with methyl bromide. The total extension under
protected horticulture is about 200 ha. 21 ha grown with flowers and ornamental plants are also
treated. This adds to a total area of 98 ha, which comprises 135 farms.
In addition, (0.6 tons of methyl bromide is used to sterilize 18,267 m3 of substrates used for
growing ornamental plants and about 2.8 tons for treating 46,783 m3 of substrates used in coffee
nurseries. These affect 148 small farmers.
About 7.4 tonnes of methyl bromide are used in storage and mill factories in Cuba, to treat an
approximate volume of 247,667 m3. See Table 6.
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44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
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Table 6. Distribution of users phasing-out Methyl Bromide in coffee nurseries and grain
storage and mill industrial facilities
Coffee
Province
Pinar del Río
La Habana
Ciudad Habana
Matanzas
Cienfuegos
Villa Clara
Sancti Spiritus
Ciego de Avila
Camaguey
Las Tunas
Holguin
Granma
Santiago de Cuba
Guantánamo
TOTAL
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
Volume of
substrate
treated (m3)
Storage and mill facilities
Volume of
grain and
Number of Mebr
Number Mebr
mill
of farms (tonnes) treated(m3) consumers (tonnes)
3029
10
0.18
0.30
0.36
0.72
16847
6116
32348
28117
25078
8654
16193
23270
8193
8193
21040
18155
25732
10
3
8
8
10
6
7
7
4
4
9
17
26
0.55
0.18
0.49
0.43
0.61
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.24
0.24
0.55
0.91
1.46
2530
2530
3528
8
8
11
0.15
0.15
0.21
5059
5344
12114
15
19
37
12649
46783
40
0.75
9731
12
0.67
148
2.81
247667
131
7.43
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
Total Mebr
consumption
Non-soil
treatment
0.73
0.18
0.49
0.43
0.76
0.52
0.58
0.37
0.24
0.24
0.85
1.27
2.17
1.41
10.24
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
4.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
4.1.
Alternative technologies available for soil fumigation
13
Cuba has already acquired experience on several alternatives to methyl bromide. Taking such
experience into account, the project would support and assist the introduction of the following
alternatives, which have proven appropriate for horticulture, flowers and substrates: a) grafting
and b) steam. Both techniques will be implemented as part of an Integrated Pest Management
(IPM).
A brief consideration of alternatives, which has been thoroughly discussed with farmers,
technicians and Government authorities during the project preparation in Cuba follows:
4.1.1
Low-dose chemicals in combination with IPM
Several chemical compounds such as methylisothiocyanate and methylisothiocyanate-generating
products, e.g., Metham sodium, (Vapam ®); Dazomet (Basamid ®), have shown to be as
efficient as MB for the control of soil-borne pests and pathogens. Their efficacy depends on
factors such as soil type, soil preparation and soil moisture, prevalent climatic conditions, and
application methods, which will be considered in the project. Another chemical group of interest
is that of halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g., 1,3-dichloropropene (TeloneII ®), which performs
quite consistently for sensitive pests.
4.1.2
Soil-les culture
Growing plants in containers, raised beds or otherwise isolated from the natural soils in non-soil
materials offers several advantages, in particular not needing fumigation or offering the
possibility of sterilizing a limited amount of substrate. Better control of plant nutrition is also
possible, which often leads to significantly improved yields and quality. Soil-less media may be
roughly divided into two classes: organic and inert. Organic media, such as peat, sawdust, straw
bales, compost, etc., have good cation-exchange and water-holding capacity. Inert media, such
as rock wool, perlite, polyurethane, expanded clay, polystyrene, etc., have high water-holding
capacity but low cation-exchange capacity. For these reasons, it is often best to combine these
two kinds of materials, in order to achieve an appropriate balance of desirable characteristics. .
Organic media and some inert media can be easily sterilized with steam and re-utilized. Some
inert media can also be re-extruded.
4.1.3
Grafting
Grafting cultivated plants onto resistant rootstocks is an effective method to control certain soil
borne diseases, for example vascular diseases caused by Fusarium spp and Verticillium spp,
root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp, and viruses like the Melon Necrotic Spot Virus (MNSV),
which are transmitted by a soil fungus Olpidium bornovalus. Another troublesome disease is
Vine decline caused by Monosporascus canonballus for which the etiology is not yet thoroughly
known. The most suitable rootstocks available for cucumbers are the hybrids Cucurbita maxima
x Cucurbita moscata. Grafting is a useful technique when soil sterilization is not available or
when other available alternatives cannot control certain diseases, e.g. fusarium crown and root
knot.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
14
Grafting of annual crops is widely used with success in some developing countries from the
area, e.g. Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica and Mexico. Presently, 100% of the watermelon
crops in Spain are raised from grafted plants; this has allowed growers from the south to give up
MB entirely.
Another point of interest is that grafted plants grown in solarized, biofumigated or chemically
treated soil survive significantly better than non-grafted ones.
4.1.4
Solarization
In simple terms, this technique consists in heating the soil by covering it with a plastic sheet. It
is quite effective against many pathogenic bacteria, a wide range of nematodes and to some
extent also against fungi. The usefulness of the technique strongly depends on climatic
conditions, availability of rain or irrigation and good application procedures.
4.1.5
Bio-fumigation
Fermentation of organic residues buried in the soil generates gases, which are lethal for many
microorganisms, including several nematodes. This old technique has been recently improved
with the use of plastic sheets that trap the gases generated by fermenting organic waste. In
countries with a moderate climate, this cheap technique, especially when combined with
solarization, has been successfully tested and is now in use at commercial scale.
4.2.
Alternative technologies available for substrates
4.2.1
Steam
The use of steam to pasteurize soil or substrates is being widely applied in European countries,
Colombia, Morocco, Zimbabwe, Uganda and others, particularly in the production of cut
flowers. The technology is relatively costly, but eliminates the waiting period usually necessary
after fumigation with chemicals and can be graduated according to disease incidence. This
technique needs to be applied within the framework of an Integrated Pest Management system.
4.3.
Alternative technologies available for stored products
4.3.1
Fumigants
Phosphine is a colourless gas, which is about 3 times lighter in weight than MB and provides a
much better penetration of products. When conducted properly, phosphine fumigation provides
complete mortality of the relevant insect pests and rodents. Treatment time is between 3 and 10
days depending on the temperature and pest species present. In many cases phosphine
fumigation takes several days longer than MB fumigation. However, several options exist to
reduce treatment time where necessary.
4.3.2 Contact insecticides
Contact insecticides include organophosphates (e.g.. chlorpyrifos methyl, perimiphos-methyl)
and pyrethroids (e.g.. permethrin). They can be applied as liquid formulations added directly to
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
15
bulk grain and as preventative sprays on bagged grain. In some situations neem extracts can be
suitable as insecticides.
4.3.3 Diatomaceous earths (DE)
Diatomaceous earths (DE) are composed mainly of Silicon Dioxide. They are produced from the
fossilized remains of diatoms, microscopic single-celled aquatic plants that had fine shells of
amorphous hydrated silica. Sometimes they are combined with Silica Aerogels. They have
abrasive and absorptive properties and can be effective against a wide range of insect pests when
mixed with grain or applied to the surfaces of structures. Their use can be limited by high
humidity.
4.3.4 Cold treatments and aeration
Chilling and aeration are used in many temperate regions with the aim of cooling grain to a
temperature low enough to prevent the development of insect pests (typically under 14°C). Cold
air – such as cool, dry night air – is fed into the stored commodity through an aeration system.
Cooling can also be achieved by transferring commodities from one bin to another in cooler
weather or by using refrigeration units to chill and dehumidify incoming air. Many grain silos in
the Mediterranean and Sub-tropical regions use the latter technique.
Very cold temperatures can kill many pests. Museums in many countries now use cold
treatments of minus 18°C for 6 days or more, depending on pest species.
4.3.5 Heat treatments
Raised temperatures can also be used as a means of killing or inactivating pests. Heat treatment
systems have been developed for grain and similar stored products, but are not available for
large volumes of commodity. Heat combined with controlled humidity is used for the
disinfestation of delicate museum items and other artifacts in Northern Europe. Heat treatments
and kiln equipment are used in some countries for the disinfestation of wood and wooden
products.
4.3.6 Controlled and modified atmospheres
The level of oxygen can be reduced to levels at which insects stop activity and reproduction.
This can be achieved by placing stored products in gas-tight storage vessels, such as flexible
cocoons or by covering with gas-tight sheeting. Oxygen is largely replaced by carbon dioxide
and/or nitrogen. These treatments are generally slow, although this is not a problem in cases
where products remain in storage for several months. In cases where fumigation needs to be
achieved in several days, a vacuum-hermetic treatment can be applied in a flexible PVC
container.
4.3.7 Combined treatments
For situations where a rapid treatment is necessary, products can be treated with pressure plus
CO2 in a chamber (20-30 bars of pressure, at 230°C, for 2-4 hours), or with heat or heat plus
controlled humidity.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
4.4.
16
Alternative technologies available for structures
Combinations of phosphine + CO2 + heat, and heat treatments + IPM (comprising improved
cleaning programmes, use of spot treatments, fogging with pyrethrins and insect growth
regulators, and phosphine fumigation of inbound raw ingredients), are used at present in about
10% of food facilities in the USA. Sulfuryl fluoride has recently been registered for food
facilities in Switzerland and is in the process of registration in the USA and a number of other
countries.
4.5
Justification of the Alternatives Selected
The MB alternative techniques were selected on the basis of their technical and economical
feasibility and by taking into account the specific agricultural conditions of the country. All are
well proven alternatives and listed by the Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee
(MBTOC) as technically feasible for controlling soil borne pests and diseases, and which may
thus avoid or replace the use of methyl bromide (UNEP 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Report of
the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete
the Ozone Layer; MBTOC Assessments 1998, 2002)
Different Government authorities have tested alternatives selected for the Cuban project. Since
2000 several teams of researchers and agronomists have tested and adapted different alternatives
to methyl bromide. All alternatives suggested in this project have been thoroughly demonstrated
and discussed with all relevant stakeholders in Cuba. Furthermore, all proposed alternatives are
in use in other countries of the region i.e. Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Honduras
and in other regions of the world such as Greece, Romania, Syria Turkey, Italy, Spain Portugal.
The main alternative to be used would be grafting, as Cuban farmers have already identified a
number of rootstocks that show adequate resistance to nematodes. Cuban authorities are willing
to introduce environment friendly alternatives due to the stringent conditions imposed by the
market (mainly from tourist areas) and also in order not to rely on chemicals, since their use
implies using foreign exchange resources. However, a combination with an IPM program
including use of local biological agents would be applied in all situations.
The use of steaming is foreseen for substrates and for soil sterilization in cut flowers. In coffee,
steam will be also used, as it is the only adequate alternative.
For storage facilities, authorities have selected phosphine combined with CO2 and heat in some
cases. These combinations are more efficient as they improve gas diffusion; reduce the required
dosages of phosphine and in consequence the exposition to corrosion and the possibility of
insect resistance. Considering that phosphine is not too effective for controlling pests in
industrial facilities and structures, Cuban authorities are introducing sulphuryl fluoride for
treating some structures.
As explained, a combination of alternatives and technologies will be used in Cuba, dependant on
the crops and season of application. The following table summarizes the alternatives selected.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
17
Table 7. Distribution of the alternatives by crops
Crops
Horticulture
(Tomatoes, peppers,
cucumbers and melons)
Flowers and ornamentals
Cut flowers
Ornamentals
Coffee nurseries
Storage and structures
Alternative
Grafting
77
119
Soil steaming
Substrates steaming
Substrates steaming
Ph3 + CO2 + Heat
Ph3 + CO2
Sulfuryl Fluoride
21
13
3
148
72
33
26
414
TOTAL
4.5
Surface
Storage
treated Substratestr &Structures
with the eated with treated with
alternati alternatives alternatives Nr of
ve(ha) (m3)
(m3)
consumers
18267
46783
98
65050
136216.85
61917
49533
247667
Compliance with Country Strategy
The policy of the Cuban Government is to contribute to healthier environmental conditions
through the phasing out of methyl bromide and the implementation of non- contaminant
technologies, in accordance with the compromises signed in different international agreements.
Since the success of the tobacco project, the Government of Cuba has invested in the
development of biological alternatives to phase out the use of methyl bromide by its own means.
These efforts respond to environmental concerns and the intention to eliminate methyl bromide
consumption dependence on chemicals. The elimination of the remaining consumption of
methyl bromide is an important objective for the Cuban authorities.
As a consequence, and recognizing that the country will not be able to fulfill these objectives on
its own due to scarcity of hard currency and limited investment possibilities, Cuba has requested
international assistance to carry out the present project and is willing to accept the commitments
implied.
4.6
Equipment Needed
Four different alternative techniques will be implemented: grafting, (with different rootstocks)
steaming (in substrates and soil) and phosphine combined with CO2 plus heat and Sulfuryl
Fluoride.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
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4.6.1
18
Grafting Solanaceous and cucurbits
The project will install four nurseries for the production of grafted plants: in the area of La
Habana, Ciego de Avila, Holguin and Matanzas, which will be run by the cooperatives of
farmers (UBPC). The equipment required has been calculated according to the following
parameters:
i)
Total area to be transplanted with grafted plants: 77 hectares (an average of 19 ha
in each installation)
ii)
Plant density: 20,000 grafted plants/ha.
iii)
Transplanting period: 8 weeks
Each nursery will be composed of (a) production greenhouses (b) grafting workshop and (c)
healing greenhouse. The full list of the equipment needed to produce 1.6 million grafted plants
on different rootstock in a period of 8 weeks is described in Annex B.
As the grafting technique is very similar for both cucurbitaceous and solanaceous crops, we have
calculated a “standard” grafted plant that could be valid for cucumbers, melons, tomatoes and /or
peppers.
4.6.2
TA assistance Programe (no steaming)
a) Flowers and ornamentals plants
Two fully equipped steam boilers to be distributed to Tropiflora (La Habana) and Florcaribe
(Cienfuegos) for soil sterilization.
One fully equipped steam boiler (high capacity) for substrates to be used by Tropiflora (Ciudad
La Habana) for the production of ornamentals.
b) Coffee (substrates)
Two fully equipped steam boilers (small capacity) for substrates, to be distributed to Santiago
and Guantanamo to be used in coffee nurseries.
4.6.3
Phosphine with CO2 (and heat)
A volume of 61,917 m3 will be treated with Phosphine and CO2, and this will require equipment
for recirculation of the gas and mixing with CO2. Phosphine detection devices shouldalso be
purchased.
In addition a volume of 136,217m3 will be fumigated with Phosphine plus CO2 plus heat. Some
heaters will be purchased for such purpose.
In food facilities the introduction of IPM programmes (consisting of cleaning programmes,
monitoring, use of spot treatments, and phosphine fumigation of inbound raw ingredients) will
require foggers, pheromone traps, safety equipment and respirators. Details in Annex B
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
4.6.4
19
Sulphuryl Fluoride (OUT)
A volume of 49,533 m3 of industrial structures would be treated with this chemical. It is
required to purchase applicators devices and detectors.
4.7.
Training requirements
Due to the complexity imposed by the number of provinces, sectors and consumers involved, the
training would be implemented as follows:
Training on alternatives should reach 119 farmers who are using methyl bromide under
protected horticulture. The training of technicians, from enterprises, cooperatives and BUCPs
should be included. It is estimated that 30 local technicians will have to be educated in grafting
technology.
164 farmers (16 in flowers and ornamental plants and 148 in coffee nurseries) will be targeted
for the training on steaming in soil and substrates.
The trainer of trainers will initially receive a 2-day training session from national and
international experts in the field of grafting and steaming in combination with IPM
Training on grain and food fumigation will involve 30 fumigators and pest control personnel. A
2-day training session by national and international experts in the field of application of
phosphine (plus CO2 and heat) and sulfuryl fluoride in combination with IPM is envisioned.
4.8
Phase-out Schedule
Table 8. Phase-out Plan
Year
MB Phased-Out
(tonnes)
1 2005
0
2 2006
13. (7.8 ODP)
3 2007
13. (7.8 ODP)
4 2008
14 (8.4 ODP)
TOTAL
40 (24.ODP)
4.9
Plantation surface where MB is eliminated (ha)
Allowable consumption in 2005 after 20% reduction: 67 tons (40.4
ODP)
Latest consumption reported: 40 tonnes (24. ODP)
Project Sites
The project will be implemented in the 14 provinces of Cuba, but mainly in the area of La
Habana and Ciudad Habana, Ciego de Avila and Matanzas and Holguin (the main area of
horticulture production). For flowers and ornamentals plants the areas will be Ciudad Habana,
La Habana and Cienfuegos. Coffee nurseries will be mainly in Guantánamo, Santiago de
Cuba, Holguín Granma and Villa Clara.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
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44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
5.
20
PROJECT IMPACT
Upon project completion, in 2008, complete MB phase-out will be achieved in protected
horticulture, cut flowers and ornamentals, coffee nurseries and stored and food products. Phase
out will be controlled by national regulations enforced by the Government authorities.
In addition, it is also expected that corresponding institutions and consumers will have become
knowledgeable on selected alternatives, as well as in Integrated Pest Management - IPM,
sustainable production and environmental care.
6.
PROJECT INPUTS
6.1.
Capital Goods
The specifications of the whole equipment are given in Annex B. For further details on
calculation coefficients, please refer to Annex A.
7.
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
The project will be implemented by UNIDO and by the “Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad
Vegetal” (INISAV), which is already coordinating all aspects of plant protection with the
cooperatives and BUCPs involved. Close cooperation with the MINVEC (Ministerio para la
Inversión Extranjera y la Colaboración Económica de Cuba) and the OTOZ (Oficina Técnica de
Ozono) of the CITMA (Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente) is also envisaged.
Equipment acquisition t will be awarded on the basis of competitive bidding. Final equipment
specification and a precise work plan can only be elaborated after an agreement has been
reached with the different parties involved. (Preliminary specifications for the equipment are
stated in Annex B). A service provider to take charge of the project execution (national level)
will be selected on the basis of competitive national bidding.
As implementing agency, UNIDO has the necessary experience and capabilities for the
successful implementation of projects at the enterprise level. Upon approval by the Multilateral
Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol (MFMP), the project budget will be
transferred to UNIDO. UNIDO's Finance Section will then issue a project allotment document
for the approved amount. Any substantial or financial deviation will be subject to approval by
the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal
Protocol.
The Government of Cuba will be responsible for providing:
a. The legal framework for phasing out Methyl Bromide.
b. The necessary institutional support for implementing and following up on the project.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
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7.1.
21
Phase-out monitoring
UNIDO will monitor the effective phasing-out of MB according to the established phase-out
schedule, as well as the operational costs resulting from the substitution of MB by alternate
technologies at farmer level. UNIDO will keep the Executive Committee of the Multilateral
Fund fully informed about the progress made through a yearly annual report indicating the
progress of the conversion and the costs involved.
In case of unjustified delays, the Implementing Agency will inform the Executive Committee of
the Multilateral Fund and eventually cancel any further release of funds.
7.2.
Milestones
Table 9 Project Milestones
Sem 1 Sem 2 Sem 3 Sem 4 Sem 5 Sem 6 Sem 7 Sem 8
Item
Equipment
Specifications
Bidding
Shipment
Start-up
Training to:
Horticulture group
Flowers group
Coffee group
Storage and structures
Sem. stands for Semester
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
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44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
22
8. PROJECT COSTS
8.1.
Incremental Capital Costs
Investment costs (Equipment and Training) appear in Table 12 below.
Table 10. Total Investment Costs in US$.
Equipment as per Annex B
Training Programme as per Annex C
TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
413,875
75,000
488,875
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
8.2.
23
Incremental Operating Costs
Table 11 Incremental costs for grafting in Protected Horticulture
Item
Methyl bromide
Plastic sheet 0.2
mm
Labor for
covering
Labor for
fumigation
Eligible operating costs for Methyl Bromide (per hectare)
Amount
Unit
US$/ unit
Cycles
Year 1
Year 2
300
Kg
2.9
1
870
870
Year 4
870
600
Kg
2.1
1
1,260
1,260
1,260
1,260
4
wd
3
1
12
12
12
12
2
wd
4
1
8
8
8
8
0.01
1
2,150
155
2,150
155
2,150
155
2,150
155
Subtotal greenhouse
15,500
Seed
Seeds
Year 3
870
Substrate
Sowing
0.5
2
M3
wd
80
1.5
1
1
40
3
40
3
40
3
40
3
Cultivation
317
m2 x days
0.005
1
2
2
2
2
68
n
0.006
1
0.4
0.4
20
lts
0.5
1
10.0
10
210.0
210.0
Subtotal nursery
2,360
2,360
TOTAL COST (A)
Eligible operating costs for Grafting (per hectare)
Amount
Unit
US$/unit
Cycles
Year 1
Year 2
0.4
10
210.0
2,360
0.4
10
210.0
2,360
Tray disinfection
Energy
Item
Rootstocks seeds
Scion seeds
Substrate
Sowing
Film protection
for tray
Fertilizer and
pesticides
Year 3
Year 4
15,500
15,500
seeds
seeds
0.023
0.01
1
1
357
155
357
155
357
155
357
155
1
4
M3
wd
80
5
1
2
80
40
80
40
80
40
80
40
131
n
0.5
2
131
131
131
131
2,688
m2 x days
0.0006
2
3
3
3
3
2
Cultivation
2,688
m x days
0.005
2
27
27
27
27
Labor for grafting
Selection and
cleaning graft
14.1
wd
2
2
56
56
56
56
7
wd
2
2
28
28
28
28
2
2
3
1,500
2,380
2,380
20
0.91
18
3
1,500
2,380
2,380
20
0.83
17
3
1,500
2,380
2,380
20
0.75
15
3
1,500
2,380
2,380
20
0.71
14
65
73
4,714
Tray disinfection
Fuel -Energy
264
n
0.006
1500
lts
0.5
Total nursery
TOTAL COSTS (B)
INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS (B minus A)
Discount factor
Net present value/ha
Net present value over 4 years/ha
Hectares treated
NET PRESENT VALUE
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
Table 12
Incremental costs for steaming in Flowers and Ornamental Plants
Eligible operating costs for MB in flowers (per hectare)
Amount
Unit
$/unit
Cycles
Year 1
Year 2
300
Kg
2.9
1
870
870
600
Kg
2.1
1
1,260
1,260
4
wd
3.3
1
13
13
2
wd
4
1
8
8
2,151
2,151
TOTAL COST (A)
Eligible operating costs for steaming per hectare
Item
Amount
Unit
$/unit
Cycles
Year 1
Year 2
Labour for operation
4
wd
3.3
1
13
13
Labour for steaming
2
wd
4.1
1
8
8
Salt
54
kg
0.4
1
22
22
Fuel
6,500
liters
0.5
1
3,250
3,250
3,293
3,293
TOTAL COSTS (B)
INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS (B minus A)
1,142
1,142
Discount factor
0.91
0.83
1039
948
Net present value/ha
Net present value over 4 years/ha
Hectares treated
TOTAL FOR 21 HECTARES
Eligible operating costs for MB in ornamental plants (per m3 of substrate)
Item
Amount
Unit
$/unit
Cycles
Year 1
Year 2
Methyl bromide
0.03
Kg
2.9
1
0.1
0.1
Plastic sheet 0.2 mm
20
Kg
2.1
0.1
4.2
4.2
Labour for covering
0.2
wd
3.3
1
0.7
0.7
Labour for fumigation
0.1
wd
4
1
0.4
0.4
5.3
5.3
TOTAL COST (A)
Eligible operating costs for steaming per m3 of substrate
Item
Amount
Unit
$/unit
Cycles
Year 1
Year 2
Labour for operation
0.2
wd
3.3
1
0.7
0.7
Labour for steaming
0.2
wd
4.3
1
0.9
0.9
Salt
0.1
kg
0.4
1
0.0
0.0
Fuel
8
liters
0.5
1
4.0
4.0
5.6
5.6
TOTAL COSTS (B)
INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS (B minus A)
0.2
0.2
Discount factor
0.91
0.83
Net present value/ha
0.19
0.18
Net present value over 4 years/ha
M3 of substrate treated
TOTAL FOR 18267 m3
Item
Methyl bromide
Plastic sheet 0.2 mm
Labour for covering
Labour for fumigation
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
24
Year 3
870
1,260
13
8
2,151
Year 4
870
1,260
13
8
2,151
Year 3
13
8
22
3,250
3,293
1,142
0.75
856
Year 4
13
8
22
3,250
3,293
1,142
0.71
811
3,654
21
76,729
Year 3
0.1
4.2
0.7
0.4
5.3
Year 4
0.1
4.2
0.7
0.4
5.3
Year 3
0.7
0.9
0.0
4.0
5.6
0.2
0.75
0.16
Year 4
0.7
0.9
0.0
4.0
5.6
0.2
0.71
0.15
0.68
18,267
12,451
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
Table 13
Methyl
bromide
Plastic
sheet 0.2
mm
Labour for
covering
Labour for
fumigation
Item
Labour for
operation
Labour for
steaming
Salt
Fuel
25
Incremental costs for Coffee Nurseries
0.06
Kg
2.9
1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
20
Kg
2.1
0.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
0.2
wd
3.3
1
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
wd
4
1
0.4
0.4
5.4
5.4
TOTAL COST (A)
Eligible operating costs for steaming per m3 of substrate
Amount
Unit
$/unit
Cycles
Year 1
Year 2
0.4
5.4
0.4
5.4
0.1
0.2
3.3
Year 4
1
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.2
wd
4.3
1
0.1
kg
0.4
1
8
liters
0.5
1
TOTAL COSTS (B)
INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS (B minus A)
Discount factor
Net present value/ha
Net present value over 4 years/ha
M3 of substrate treated
TOTAL FOR 46783 m3
0.9
0.0
4.0
5.6
0.1
0.91
0.11
0.9
0.0
4.0
5.6
0.1
0.83
0.10
0.9
0.0
4.0
5.6
0.1
0.75
0.09
0.9
0.0
4.0
5.6
0.1
0.71
0.09
0.40
46,783
18,863
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
wd
Year 3
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
Table14
26
Incremental costs for commodities, structures and mill factories
Eligible operating costs for MB in grain and coffee store product (per m3)
Item
Amount
Unit
$/unit treatments Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Methyl bromide
0.03
Kg
2.9
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
Plastic sheet 0.2 mm
20
Kg
2.1
0.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
Labour for covering
0.2
wd
3.3
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
Labour for fumigation
0.1
wd
4
1.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
5.9
5.9
5.9
TOTAL COST (A)
Eligible operating costs for phoshine and CO2 (per m3) + heat
Item
Amount
Unit
$/unit
Cycles
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Labour for operation
0.6
wd
3.3
1.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
Labour for fumigation
0.3
wd
4.3
1.5
1.9
1.9
1.9
Phosphine
0.003
Kg
16.8
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
CO2
0.05
m3
1.1
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
Heating
1
0.7
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
TOTAL COSTS (B)
0.2
0.2
0.2
INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS (B minus A)
0.91
0.83
0.75
Discount factor
0.18
0.16
0.14
Net present value/ha
Net present value over 4 years/ha
M3 of substrate treated
TOTAL FOR 136217 m3
Year 4
0.1
4.2
1.0
0.6
5.9
Year 4
3.0
1.9
0.1
0.1
1.1
6.1
0.2
0.71
0.14
0.62
136,217
83,953
Eligible operating costs for MB in grain and coffee store product (per m3)
Item
Amount
Unit
$/unit treatments Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Methyl bromide
0.03
Kg
2.9
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Plastic sheet 0.2 mm
20
Kg
2.1
0.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
Labour for covering
0.2
wd
3.3
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Labour for fumigation
0.1
wd
4
1.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
TOTAL COST (A)
Eligible operating costs for phoshine and CO2 (per m3)
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Item
Amount
Unit
$/unit
Cycles
Labour for operation
0.6
wd
3.3
1.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
Labour for fumigation
0.3
wd
4.3
1.5
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
Phosphine
0.005
Kg
16.8
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
CO2
0.05
m3
1.1
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
TOTAL COSTS (B)
-0.8
-0.8
-0.8
-0.8
INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS (B minus A)
0.91
0.83
0.75
0.71
Discount factor
-0.73
-0.67
-0.61
-0.57
Net present value/ha
-2.58
Net present value over 4 years/ha
61,917
M3 of substrate treated
-159,894
TOTAL FOR 61917 m3
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
Eligible operating costs for MB in structures (per m3)
Amount
Unit
$/unit treatments Year 1
Year 2
0.03
Kg
2.9
1.5
0.1
0.1
20
Kg
2.1
0.1
4.2
4.2
0.2
wd
3.3
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.1
wd
4
1.5
0.6
0.6
5.9
5.9
TOTAL COST (A)
Eligible operating costs for Sulphuryl fluoride ( per m3)
Item
Amount
Unit
$/unit
Cycles
Year 1
Year 2
Labour for operation
0.6
wd
3.3
1.5
3.0
3.0
Labour for fumigation
0.3
wd
4.3
1.5
1.9
1.9
Sulphuyl Fluoride
0.05
Kg
14.5
1.5
1.1
1.1
6.0
6.0
TOTAL COSTS (B)
0.1
0.1
INCREMENTAL OPERATING COSTS (B minus A)
0.91
0.83
Discount factor
0.07
0.06
Net present value/ha
Net present value over 4 years/ha
M3 of substrate treated
TOTAL FOR 49533 m3
Item
Methyl bromide
Plastic sheet 0.2 mm
Labour for covering
Labour for fumigation
27
Year 3
0.1
4.2
1.0
0.6
5.9
Year 4
0.1
4.2
1.0
0.6
5.9
Year 3
3.0
1.9
1.1
6.0
0.1
0.75
0.05
Year 4
3.0
1.9
1.1
6.0
0.1
0.71
0.05
0.23
49,533
11,412
Table 15. Total Operating Incremental Costs
Incremental Operating Costs for Horticulture
Incremental Operating Costs for Flowers open field
Incremental Operating Costs for Ornamental Plants
Incremental Operating Costs for Coffee Nurseries
Incremental Operating Costs for grain storage
Incremental Operating Costs for rice, coffee, etc
Incremental Operating Costs for Structures and Mill Facilities
TOTAL INCREMENTAL OPERTING COST
4,714
76,729
12,451
18,863
83,953
-159894
11,412
48,228
Following a decision of the Cuban authorities no incremental operational costs will be claimed.
8.3
Contingency Fund
A contingency fund consisting of 10% of the capital costs has been included. The contingency
fund is established to cover unforeseen price deviations, which might occur during the project
implementation.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
8.4.
28
Total Project Costs
In line with the progressive schedule proposed for purchasing the equipment and shifting from
MB to the alternatives considered, the project costs will be as follows:
Table 16. Total Project Costs
Equipment as per Annex B
413,875
Grafting
TA component
Stored Products
Training Programme as per Annex C
TOTAL CAPITAL
Contingencies 10%
TOTAL INVESTMENT COSTS
TOTAL OPERATIONAL INCREMENTAL COSTS
TOTAL PROJECT COST
9.
253,875
100,000
60,000
75,000
488,875
48,888
537,763
0
537,763
PREREQUISITES
In accordance with the regulations of the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund, the
project funds will only cover incremental costs related to the conversion. All other expenses
have to be covered by the counterpart including: a) any additional input not included in the
present project document and b) infrastructure work.
Prior to the start of the project, a “Memorandum of Understanding” will be prepared and signed
by the Government authorities. This memorandum, which will specify the responsibilities of the
counterpart and the Agreed Conditions explained in Annex E to be followed, will be considered
as an integral part of this project document.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
10.
29
PROJECT MONITORING
Table 17. Milestones For Project Monitoring
Milestones
Date
Month
Results
Achieved
Grant agreement signature
03
Equipment bids prepared
04
Bids for training prepared
05
Equip. Contract awarded
07
Training contract awarded
07
20% Training implemented
09
1st 20% Equipment delivered
11
30% Training implemented
11
1st Reports Results Achieved
12
40% Training implemented
18
2nd 20% Equipment delivered
18
50% Training implemented
23
2nd Reports Results Achieved
24
60%Training implemented
28
3rd 20% Equipment delivered
30
70% Training implemented
35
3rd Reports Results Achieved
36
80%Training implemented
40
4th 40% Equipment delivered
42
100%Training implemented
47
Final Report Results Achieved
48
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
Remarks
Not
Achieved
Delay
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
11.
30
POLICY MEASURES AGREED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF CUBA
The Government of Cuba has agreed to issue and implement the following policies:
-
(a)
To establish a maximum level of imports of methyl bromide through the
existing licensing system.
(b)
Train the Customs Department in monitoring the and collection the data of
imports of methyl bromide
(c)
To speed up the registration process of the additional alternatives chemicals.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
ANNEX A
CALCULATION COEFFICIENTS AND OPERATIONAL COSTS
1.
•
•
•
Farmers
Small producers 0.1- 3 ha
Medium producers 4-9 ha
Big producers with more than 10 ha
2.
•
•
Flowers and ornamental plants
Substrates for ornamentals
Soil for flowers
3.
•
•
•
•
•
Nurseries of coffee
Substrate for coffee is soil and organic material
One ha nursery produce 100,000 small coffee plants
Size of bed is 1.2 x 20m
One bed is about 2.5 liters of substrate
One ha nursery require 250,000 liters or 250 m3
4.
•
•
•
•
Methyl bromide
Doses for soil horticulture 30gr./m2
Doses for substrates ornamental plants: 30g /m3
Doses for substrates coffee 60 gr/m3
Doses for storage and food industry 30gr/m3
5.
•
Cost element per alternative selected
Methyl Bromide
- Cost of the methyl bromide US$ 2.90 per kg.
- Plastic rolls 10x100 12rolls per/ha 100 US$/per roll
- 2 persons to applied the methyl bromide
Phosphine
- Cost US$ 16.80 per kg.
- 2 persons to applied the phosphine
- Doses 4 – 9 gr. per m3
CO2
- Cost of US$ 1.10 per m3.
- 5% (0.05 per m3)
Sulphuryl Fluoride
- Cost of the kg US$ 14.50 per kg.
- 2 persons to applied the sulphuryl fluoride
- Doses 50gr/m3
Heating
0.7 US$ per m3
•
•
•
•
31
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
ANNEX B
32
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT TO BE INSTALLED
CAPITAL COST FOR GRAFTING
Total area to be transp. grafting
19
(Ha)
15,000 Grafted plants/Ha
10
Weeks of transplantation
CULTIVATION GREENHOUSE
Unit
Unit/ha
Total
Unit
$/Unit
Total $
Structure
M2
28.800
547
14.0
7,661
2
22.500
428
3.4
1,454
Plastic film
2
M
46.500
884
0.9
795
Insect net
M2
17.700
336
0.7
235
Shading net
M
2
33.000
627
0.6
376
Rootstock 30 cc cell
Scion 20 cc cell
N°
N°
25.800
24.750
490
470
1.1
1.1
539
517
Grafted 90 cc cell
N°
65.700
Ventilation plant (fans 0.5 CV, diam. 60 cm)
Pump (14 CV, 5 bar)
pipes (PVC PN10 dif. Diamet.)
N°
N°
m
3
Irrigation filters (1 sand + 1 disk, 20 m /h)
plant
ferti-irrigation computer (20 m3/h)
Suspended trays frame
Covering
Trays
valves, etc.
Irrigation bar
M
1.1
1,373
0.053
0.053
3.600
1,248
1.00
1.00
68.40
325
1,680
1.6
325
1,680
109
N°
0.053
1.00
535
535
N°
0.053
1.00
7,250
7,250
N°
N°
0.225
0.045
4.28
0.86
12.7
3,150
54
2,693
SUBTOTAL
25,598
Total
Unit
$/Unit
Total $
12.00
228
14.0
3,192
24.90
473
0.9
426
M
12.60
239
0.7
168
M2
14.40
274
0.6
164
Pegs
N°
3,375
0.030
1,924
Shading plant
M2
12.00
64,125
228
7.3
1,664
Cooling plant
2
M
12.00
228
7.1
1,619
Irrigation pipes (PVC PN10 dif. Diamet.)
plant
valves, etc.
m
N°
2.10
0.12
40
2
1.6
1.7
64
4
HEALING GREEN HOUSE
Unit
Unit/he
Structure
M2
2
Insect net
2
Shading net
Plastic film
Covering
ANNEX
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
M
Unit
SUBTOTAL
Total
Unit/he
Unit
9,224
$/Unit
Total $
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
Grafting
workshop
Structure
M2
3.30
Covering
M2
6.75
Shading plant
M2
3.30
128.25
62.70
Cooling plant
2
M
3.30
Trolley
N°
M
2
Shading plant
M
2
Covering
Structure
Sowing
room
Filling plant
Sowing plant (seeding roller)
Watering
Germination room (20 m2)
62.70
33
14.0
878
0.9
115
7.3
458
62.70
7.1
445
0.05
1.00
450
450
1.80
34.20
14.0
479
1.80
34.20
7.3
250
M2
3.68
69.83
0.9
63
N°
N°
N°
N°
0.053
0.053
0.053
0.053
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
7,520
9,750
2,240
6,000.0
7,520
9,750
2,240
6,000
SUBTOTAL
28,647
Total $
25,598
9,224
28,647
TOTAL GRAFTING UNIT COST
COLTIVATION GREEN HOUSE
GRAFTING GREEN HOUSE
ANNEX
TOTAL GRAFTING UNIT COST
63,469
FOUR UNITS WILL BE INSTALLLED
4
253,875
TA COMPONENT
FOR ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, FLOWERS AND COFFEE SUBSTRATES
Cost per Unit
BOILERS
Characteristics
Quantity
(US$)
Total
Coffee (substrates) 550 kg/hr boilers for
substrate sterilization with
water softener and power
generator
1
26,000
26,000
Ornamental Plants 800 kg/hr boilers for
substrate sterilization with
(substrates)
water softener and power
generator
Flowers open field 1000 kg/hr boilers with 17
m2 sterilization plates, water
softener and power
generator
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
1
35,000
35,000
1
39,000
39,000
100,000
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
Stored Products
1. Ph3 + CO2 + Heat
CAPITAL COST FOR COMMODITIES
Volumen treated
Unit Price in
with MB
US$
Units
136217
34
Total
Heaters
14
1,500
21,000
Blowers, mixing machines
Phosphine detectors
2. Ph3 + CO2
Blowers, mixing machines
Phosphine detectors
3. Sulfuryl Fluoride
Application devices
Detectors
14
14
1,515
500
21,210
7,000
4.75
7.2
1,515
500
7,196
3,600
0
0
1,500
500
60,006
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
61917
49533
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
ANNEX C
35
TRAINING AND EXTENSION SERVICES
Calculation of training Requirements and corresponding costs
The project involves the following activities with a minimum number of farmers to be trained on
the new technologies, as follows:
Total in protected horticulture
Total in cut flowers and Ornamental plants
Total in coffee
Total number of technicians in grafting:
Total in commodities
119 farms
16 farms
148 farms
30
30 Storage facilities
(10 persons per facility: 300 persons)
The trainer of trainers will initially receive a 2-days training from national and international
specialists on grafting and steaming in combination with IPM
Training on grain and food fumigation will cover 30 fumigators and pest control personnel, a 2days training by national and international experts in the field of application of phosphine (plus
CO2 and heat) and sulfuryl fluoride in combination with IPM.
In addition, 8 national workshops will be organized on the three alternatives: Steaming, Grafting
and on commodities.
A national institution will be in charge of the day-to-day support and provide information and
disseminate technical material. There would be some support for international consultants but
very limited and only for the introduction and training in the alternatives.
Due to the complexity imposed by the number of provinces, sectors and consumers involved, the
training would be implemented as follows:
TRAINING
Training session 2days x10
National workshop
Provincial worshops
National support provided by the subcontractor
Nr
1
7
25
$/unit
4,000
2,000
1,000
Total
4,000
14,000
25,000
25,000
International cons. Steaming (w/m)
0.5
14,000
7,000
TOTAL
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
75,000
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
ANNEX D
PROJECT BUDGET
Description
International Consultants
Training
Equipment and TA
Grafting
TA Flowers, Ornamantals and coffee
Stored products
TOTAL CAPITAL COSTS
Contingencies 10%
TOTAL INVESTMENT
Incremental Operational Cost (IOC)
TOTAL PROJECT COSTS
Overheads (7.5%)
TOTAL BUDGET COSTS
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
36
w/m
0.5
US$
7,000
68,000
413,875
253,875
100,000
60,000
488,875
48,888
537,763
537,763
40,332
578,095
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004
44th MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
ANNEX E
37
AGREED CONDITIONS
FOR PHASE-OUT OF METHYL BROMIDE IN THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA
The Executive Committee at its 44th Meeting has approved in principle US 537,763, which will
be available to the Republic of Cuba to phase out 24 ODP tonnes of methyl bromide used for
soil fumigation in horticulture (tomatoes, cucumbers and others), flowers and ornamentals and
coffee nurseries, storage and food facilities representing the total methyl bromide consumption
excluding quarantine and pre-shipment applications.
The 26th Executive Committee approved a project to phase out 48 ODP tonnes of methyl
bromide in the tobacco sector. The Government of Cuba has issued regulations forbidding the
use of methyl bromide in tobacco sector.
As reported to the Ozone Secretariat, the MB baseline for the Republic of Cuba has been
established at 50.47 ODP tonnes. Cuba has also reported a MB consumption of 24 ODP tonnes
for the year 2003, excluding quarantine and pre-shipment applications. As established by the
Montreal Protocol, the Republic of Cuba appears to be in compliance with the Montreal Protocol
20 per cent reduction as the allowable consumption in 2005 is 40.4 ODP tonnes.
Reductions in accordance with the terms of the above mentioned project, other commitments
presented in the project document, would ensure that the Republic of Cuba would meet the
reduction schedule listed below. In that regard Cuba commits, through the implementation of the
projects, to reduce total national consumption of controlled uses of MB to no more than the
following levels of consumption in the years listed below:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
ODP
24
16.2
8.4
0
Funding for the projects will be disbursed by UNIDO in line with the following yearly budget
breakdown:
US $
Year
2005
2006
2007
Total
215,105
161,329
161,329
537,763
Funding disbursement for the project will be conditional to the project achievement of its
milestones and the individual reduction schedule listed above. In case of unjustified delays,
UNIDO will inform the Executive Committee and will cancel any further release of funds until
all problems are solved and the schedule is brought back on track. If unjustified delays continue,
the projects may be cancelled.
The Government of Cuba, in agreement with UNIDO, will have the flexibility in organising and
implementing the project components, which it deems more important in order to meet the MB
phase-out commitments noted above. UNIDO agrees to manage the funding for the project in a
manner designed to ensure the achievement of the specific MB reductions.
Horticulture, Coffee Cuba
ORIGINAL / 11-07-2004