1. food and drink
2. food
3. grains and pasta

I ) COVER SHEET
Organization:
Oxfam GB
Date:
3 1st October 2003
Malllng Address
274, Banbup Road. Oxford. OX2-DZ. L K
HQ Contact Person:
Thomas \Vinslou.. Fund~ngCoordinator
Telephone:
-44-1865-311311
Email Address:
t\\inslou @ oxfarn.0rg.uk
Programme Title:
Humanlman Program for \Vater. Publlc Health.
Seeds D~smbunonand L~\enoclIn Boloso Sone
Afar and Shlnllle. Ethlop~a
OFDA Grant No:
DFD-G-00-03-00028-00
Country ' Region:
Eth~opra
Type of Disaster :Hazard:
Drought
Time Period Covered by the Report:
June 27-September 30. 2003
Based on approval given by the CTO, this report fulfills the Program Cpdate Report. Quafierl! Repon and
Annual Repon requirements for this project.
2) PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
Obiectives 1-3
Increase access to water, enhance awareness. knowledge and practlce on hbplene and health issues among
63,000 drought-affected people in Afar (obj. I). Boloso Sane (obj. 3) and S h ~ n ~ l(loe b j 21 in Eth~opia.
Objective 4
To ensure recovew and prevent food shortages in the medium-term through the prowision o i appropriate
varieties of seeds ior the heher planting season in Deder. East Herarge and ~ o l o s o ~ ~ o rSSSPR
ie.
3) QUARTERLY DATA COLLECTIOS
Objecther
Objechwes 1-3
O b j e c h ~ e4
Total
Number of
beneficiaries
targeted
63.000
54.000
84.000
1
I
Number of
beneficiaries
reached
30.000
54.000
50.000
1
/
11
1
1
Cumulati\e
numberof
beneficiaries
targeted
63.000
54.000
64.000
Cumulatire
number of
beneficiaries
reached
30.000
Y .000
.iO.000
4) ASSESSMENT AND SURVEILLASCE DATA USED T O MEASL'RE RESC'LTS
Objectives 1-3
initial baseline data has been collected and organised. but since this report covers onl) the first 3 months of
the project. it is not possible to provide an evaluation of the impact. Village profile for each one o i the
project sites have been developed. which provide basic information on issues such a s infrastructure
available in the area. economic activities. health and hygiene habits and amtudes. m ~ a structure.
l
etc. The
results will be compared against a new profile to be made towards the end of the project.
Baseline data has been collected from the Health posts in the project sltes. wherewer poss~ble.on inc~dence
of diarrhoea and other water born diseases, especially among ch~ldrenunder 5 . These data \\ill aliou us to
measure improvements in the health condition of beneficiaries and their capacit? to make an earl? detect~on
of major diseases by the end of the project.
Scientific analysis of water from the traditional water sources and the neb\ uater sources \\ill also be
undenaken. This data will allow us to measure the improvement on the qual~tyof the mater consumed b)
the beneficiaries. This improvement should translate into better health among the benefician populanon.
Baseline data has also been collected from the zonal and woreda veterinary senices. \&hereverpossible.
This data will allow us to measure the impact of the animal tnten~entionby companng the cunent health
status of animals in the beneficiary areas with the data obtained at the end of the project.
Weekly monitoring by field staff is also undenaken of project actiwities to ensure that astnities are
progressing in line with project objectives. Monthly monltonng is undenaken by techn~calad\lsors and
senior managers based in Addis Ababa.
Objective 4
Analysis of seed and crop performance is undenaken using the following cnteria by Oxfam food secunt)
staff, in conjunction with the dismct and zonal agricultural department staff through ueekl! field w-lsta and
discussions with community leaders:
I ) Seed germination status
2) Early growth performance
3) Rainfall and climatic conditions
4) Expected harvest levels
5) QUANTITATIVE Ah'D QL'ALITATIVE DATA ABOCT PROGR-\\I .4CCOIIPLISH\IENT
Obiccti$cs 1-3: Increase accrss to uater. enhance auarenes. Lnouledee and onctlce on hralene and
hcdllh Iscues amonc 6?,000 drouaht-affected oeonlc in %farlob1 I 1. Boloso S o n z l o b ~? I m d Shlntllc
Activity
Status of work
Afar
9 hand-dug wells rehabilitated. water points
constructed and committees formed
Trainings for Community Health \'.'orken.
volunteers and water committees
20% complete
1
50 lamnes constructed
Dtsrnbut~onof 8.100 soaps. 8100 ORS sachets and
1,350 bednets
Boloso Sorie
5 hand pumps replaced
9 hand dug wells rehabilitated
4 storage resen.oirs
2 Distribution System and Resen.oir
4 New Hand Dug Wells
Rainwater storage tanks
Water and Sanitary facilities at 4 IMC TFCs
Water tankering
Trainings for Community Health
volunteers and water committees
Held initial training: refresher and upgadlng
sessions are on-golng for 3 CH\\-s and ??
\olunteers
loo. complete
20°b complete
0% complete
50% complete
60% complete
30% complete
50% complete
1009b complete
Completed in \-illapes: contlnutnp- at 9 O \ f m
~ u ~ ~ l e m e n tfeed]&
a r y centres
Held initial m i n i n g refresher and u p p d ~ n g
sessions are on-going for ' CH\\'s and 40
volunteers
650.4 complete
On-going
20% complete
Wohers.
Water committees formed
Community health mobilization by volunteers
7,500 soaps, 7,500 ORS sachets and 1.250 bednets
distributed
1
Shinille
2 boreholes rehabilitated and distribution mints
constructed
Water tankenng
distributed
Trainings for Commun~ty Health
volunteers and uater commtttees
U'orkers.
Water commlnees formed
Communrt). health moblllzahon by \olunteers
/
/
30?6 complete
Extended belond t\\o months due lo contlnunng
1
need
/
Held initial training: rehesher and up-mad~ng
for ? CH\\-s &d 10
1 resslons are on-go&
I \olunleers
1 30'0 complete
1 On-go~ng
Due to heavy rains and rising water tables. the progress on h e construction of uater potn!s and associated
hygiene promotion acti\ities of this objective has been delayed. With regard to the pit lamne pmgam.
potential locations for communal pit lamnes have been identified and agreed upon uith the \\oreda and
kebele administrations and works have already started. We are still looking for xolunteers for the household
pit latrine. Finally, with regard to the water tankering. decision has been taken to extend the operation unhl
October due to continuing need as the water in traditional water points is hrghl? contam~nateddue to m ~ n s
and floods.
Obiective 4: To ensure recoverv and prevent food shorta~esin the medium-term throueh the oro\ision of
avvrovriate varieties of seeds for the Meher vlantine season in Deder. East Herame and Boloso Sone.
SNNPR
While the initial plan was to distribute seeds in Deder. East Herarge and Boloso Sorie. SSSPR oni). In
view of high need Meta district in East Herarge was also included in the seeds d~stnbution.The follo\\ing
quantities of seeds have been distributed to benefit almost 54.000 drought-affected persons:
Tv e of seeds
Sweet potato
Chick- eas
Vegetable seeds
Wheat
l'nit
Amount
55
14.271.584
I
mt
mts
?5.8
IS?
Oxfam GB has implemented the project in partnership \nth the woreda DPP Comm~ttee..Appropriale seed
varieties were identified in consultation with the uoreda and zone DPP committee. These s d s uere
purchased and transported to the project sites and distributed to small and margtnal farm~nghouseholds
through a community-based targeting process. Training in cultivation practices \\aspro\ided dunng the
distribution of seeds in an effort to increase cereal production:productivity on these smallholder farmen.
The woreda Agricultural extension promotion section actively panicipated in pro\ ~ d ~ techn~cal
ng
ad\ice on
each crop type sown.
Field monitoring to-date reveals that there was good rainfall and optimal moisture dunng plannng and the
germination percentage achieved was normal. The plants did not face moisture stress and an! other
problems during, establishment, croun root initiation. tillering. jointing and flouering. Currentl). the crops
stand in the field is generally in good condition. though in some small pockets. lack of numents \\as
observed. According to the farmers. the wheat crop stand is doing especially \sell and has performed better
than the variety they used to plant in earlier seasons. Overall. the crop performance to-dale 1s extremel!
promising and the community expects good hanest if the ueather condition conhnues to be normal^
6) CONSTRAINTS AND ADJl'SThlENTS
CONSTRAISTS
The most slen~ficantconstraint faced u a s the abo\e ateraee ramfail from the months of June to
August. This reduced accessibility to water points. increased the water table. and made the
digging and lining of water points more difficult.
Another imponant constraint has been finding skilled labour force among the beneficiar)
population to carry out not only the technical water works but also the social and h!g~ene \to&.
Delays have also been caused by the bureaucratic procedures and amtudes of regtonal and zonal
government depamnents.
In some areas, it has proved difficult to obtain the full cooperation of the communlt! to probide
labor and to organize themselves. Community mobilization has been increased to obercome t h ~ s
problem.
Gemng seeds of required type from seed enterprises requ~reda lot of effon as some of the see&
were not readily a\.ailable in the area of operation. Thus. In some cases. sourcing of seeds from
-
.
-
different parts of the country had to be undertaken. This. houever. d ~ dnot interfere tsith the
timing of planting activities since the purchasing process was still completed \\ith in a t e n short
period. Getting cemfication for the purchased seeds also proved difficult. espec~all! for seeds like
teff. haricot bean 8; chickpeas.
ADJUSTMENTS
In view of the emergency, frequently changng ground situation, certain inm-objecti\e changes ha\e been
made which did not require prior OFDA approval:
Objective I-Afar: The original proposal included a budget line for purchase of veterinap inputs to enhance
the health status of livestock. However, at the advice of OFDA staff and in light of the smct 0FD.4 rules
and regulations uith regard to veterinary products. this idea has been shelved. Instead. this line item 1s nou
being used for other preventative acti\ities that will improve livestock health. such as remo\al of dead
animal carcasses, community awareness-raising etc.
Objective 3-Boloso Sorie: Oxfam has also decided to undertake the rehabilitation of a uater source near
Areka toun, which \rill help in reducing the need for water tankering to some of the adjolnlng local~tiesas
well as to some of the IMC TFCs. The costs ail1 be bome through savtngs on other ltne Items uithin the
same objective.
Objective 112-AfarlShinille:One of the rehabilitation of boreholes planned in Shinllle has been mored to
Afar. upon more in-depth evaluation of comparative needs (already notified to 0FD.4 separately)
Objectives 1-3: The original budget included provision for certain quantities of ORS. bednets and soaps
uithin each of the three objectives (locations). Within each objective. there has been some ad)ustment of
the exact quantities of these three items.
Objective 4: Potato tubers have been replaced \\ tth sweet potato seeds. as the communltles expressed a
preference for the latter. Vegetable seeds have also been Included in the intervention at the request of the
communities through savings on other varieties of seeds (alreadynotified separatel? to OFD.4).
7) OVERALL PERFOR31ANCE OF THE PROJECT
Overall, the programme is progressing according to plan, though uith some dela!s. as e\pla~nedearlief
These delays ha%enecessttated a 3 months no-con extension. \\hlch u e ha\e notified to OFDA separatel!
Already, uithin the first three months, the project has had significant tmpact on the l ~ r e sof the
communities, particularly, the activities related to water tankering and proviaon of \taler to TFCs and
SFCs. It is too early to gauge the impact of other \rater, sanitation acti\~itles.though regular monitoring
does provide strong grounds for optimism about the impact of the project. .A thorough ebaluation \\ill be
undertaken towards the end of thee project. Monitoring vislts by Oxfam's Addts-bas4 stan-as \\ell as incountry OFDA staff have revealed that the project 1s making good progress.
8) SLBIMARY OF COST EFFECTIVESESS
The project is being implemented within the original overall budget llrnlts and there is no chance of an!
cost over-runs. In fact. Oxfam has been able to achie\e satings on some of the line items. \\hich \uII allo\\
us to undertake additional activities for the benefit of the communities In the project areas.
Oxfam Ethiop~aE m r p n c ? Responx
\ I d l a 6: -\d\cc*-x')
ETHSOI the flon of n . 3 ~
ethiopia emergency response
the flow of water
photos 8 stonf by Jane Beesky Oxtarn GB
background
Failure of rains led to a Drolonaed drouoht in EmODla leavlna mtllons of d.
from t e 2002. unabk lo
meet heir food needs TGneed lor l o i d All cmbnue throughout 2003
The drouaht created immed~ateememencv water needs Accord~nato Odam's Water and Sandaton team.
72% of t<e water sources developedyn ~ c i o s osore' have dned 02due to me b w water table most of the
natural streams and small rivers, the major water sources for the area. dned up and the rwnatnlng sources
gave tmle water As a result, people were lorced to walk long distances lo let& water ohen lrom unsafe
Sources lor home consumpbon and lrvestock
-
W
ater tankering has been an essential part of Oxfam's Emergency
Response in Boloso Sore, working through a local partne6 and funded
~
safe, clean water to
through Oxfarn Ge3and O F D A bringing
thousands.
The usual course..
"After washing the clothes I'llcollect water. "Zembeth Kassa.
Even during good times water is collected from unclean sites. Often water is
collected from the river early in the morning when it is believed to be at its
cleanest. Here cattle drink, people collect drinking water, wash clothes and
themselves all at the same place.
When the rains come people often collect water from puddles and other unsafe
sources.
' Boloso Sonc. Wolayta. Southern Sations. Salionalilks and Peoples Rc_gion ISSSPR I
8; Health Promotion -\isa-~ation
' OxfamCB Cadund tETH59618O-l)
' LCWSSHPA Local Community Wales & Sanitation S!stems
' CSAW Office for Disaster Appeals 1flH80.5~
Contact: Jam k s k )
Media & .Ad\ma<) Ceordinator
*ile\
@o%~~~.(Ho.uL
Tel + Z i l I 6 I 3 . U
Fax. +251 1 613533
I
Oxfam Echlop~aErrrrgenc! Rsspotlis
\ I d l a 8; M\cca-)
E T H W the flou of wale?
But recently the flow of water has been following a very diierent course.. .
06:OOam Tadissa. The collection of water begins at the largest water source in
the area. Before the day ends around 70,000litres of water will have been
collected and trucked in jerry cans to five distribution sites and a further 5.000
usual water
source - a river 20,000litres of water are delivered daily. Households collect 35 litres of water
using clay pots, which women carry on their backs.
Misgane Chole (family of eight) "11
' 1 go home and cook food, make coffee. Wash
my children and myself. Inow have enough water to wash clothes. Before I'd
wash the clothes once a week. Before getting water from here Ihad two options
for drinking water. If Iwas tired Iwould fetch the water three hours away, but this
was not clean. If Ihad more energy Iwould go fetch the cleaner water that was a
five hourjourney. "
Conwcl: J3ns k s k )
Media & .Ad\ck-ac! Co-ordinator
jabsesle\ @ o s i m w z . u k
Tsl: +ZSI I 6l7.W
F n : +151 1 61 7533
Oxfam Ethiopia Emrrgmc? Response
\Iedia 8: .-\J\wx)
ETHSOl lhe llou of uslzr
We can only carry one pot so the water was not enough. As well asbeing far
away the water was very d i m with lots of worms. We had to use clothes over
1 in. "
the
river to fill and carry our pots as we leave at 4:a)am and don P getback until this
time (1 1 :OOam) and then we have a lot of work to do. We had stomach problems,
our backs ached. We had problems in the pelvic area. Our legs ached from
walking. We got headaches from getting up early and not getting enough sleep.
The children had worms, diarrhea and different kinds of ailments...skin diseases
and other fungal infections. We went to the doctors and they told us to boil the
water and wash and keep the children clean. "
lahrne Fga
Conwct: Jane k j k ! ~
\Iedia 6; .Advarai! Co-ordinator
b k e j l e \ @ oxfam.~e.uL
Tel: +151 1 617.W
FAX:+23l I 617377
Oxfam Eth~opiaE m r r p s ? Response
\ledia &
ETHSW lhe flou of u s e r
24,000 litres has been collected from a metered water point where Oxfam is
covering the cost - a n intervention that 5,500 people per week in Boloso Sore
have benefited from. Previously 250 litres was sold per day at five Ethiopian
cents per ten gallons.
"Before Iuse to take water from Woito River (unsafe source). It now takes me
about one and a half hours one-way. When Iwas younger Iuse to be able to go
three or four times, but now Iam old and feel very tired. My house is within easy
walking distance from this water source, it is within vision, but Icould not afford to
pay the five cents for the water but now it is free Ican come and collect it."
Taltame Figa
Oxfam has tankered over eight million litres of water to 18,500 people and
pumped water to 5,500 people per week.
what next
Oxfam proposes to carry out more structural water and sanitation work at sites
where quick, simple and low cost interventions will provide immediate results and
increase the availability of clean, safe water.
These include
Replacing hand pumps on existing shallow drilled wells.
Providing storage tanks so that the night flow from the low water
producing springs is not wasted.
Constructing piped distribution systems & storage facilities from high water
producing sources, which are currently free flowing and consequently
wasted.
Deepening & lining existing hand dug wells to increase water production.
Providing simple rainwater collection systems from corrugated iron roofed
buildings.
Constructing new hand dug wells.
Boreholes.
PLUS Water hygiene promotion and water management activities.
Conwst: Jw k i k )
Media & .Ad\a-ac! Co-ordinstor
*esle$ @ o x f a m . ~
Tel: +25f I 613.W
Fax. +?%I1613533
Orlam Eth~opiaEmrrsnsj R s s p j z
\Mia d .Advocxj
ETHS0.l k flou of ~ a r z r
A borehole in Bolo Sore costs around £55,000
Expensive?
Boreholes offer the ONLY feasible solution
for sustainable water supply during times of drought in these areas.
£5,000 would provide a hand-dug well
£30 would help a family to build their own latrine
£2,500 would provide a communal latrine5
2 boreholes will benefit 5,000 people
5 hand-dug wells will benefit 4,000 people
100 latrines would benefit 750 people
July 2003
' Communal latrines are built to a very high standard and provide I latrine p l r 10 plopk (SPHERE
Standards). These are normally built at places like schools.
Conlaa: Jaw k s k j
\Iedia d .Ad\w3c\ Cmxdinator
y k s l e \ @ o~iam.ore.uk
Tel: +211 1 h l 3 . U
Oxfam Ethiopia Emrrgeni! Respmx
\ledla 8: .-\d\c*-x)
ETHSIO: Pojlsards from a i x
ethiopia emergency response
postcards from afar
photm I3 rlory by Jane Beesbe" Odam
4 golng.gone.gone
5 reloel
Contact: Jane k s k )
Media 81 .Advw3c? Cwonlinslor
~ a t * l t ~ i@c \osfmrxe.uk
Tcl: +251 1 613.W
Fax: + 2 0 1 613533
Oxfam Elh~optaD r r r s n i ? Response
\!'dl3 & Ad\ wx)
ETHSlO Pm~cardsfrom 3 f x
Oxfam GB's humanitarian interventions in Afar are funded through
InternationalDevelopment
of the United Kingdom
m $
.
'#l
' U q B m$'..,,
,
. a *
\-
'Thts smry was made pmsble through s u w n
pmvded by me O n r e d U S Fweqn Disaster
ASSsIance IOFDAI
U S agency for lnlemabonal Devehprrwnl
under me t e r n of Arrarj No
DFD - G - i
a-o~-m~-m
The Opmom e w e s e d heren are mose ol me
Autbr and do not n e c w a r l v r e f k t me r w ol me
L s Agency lot I~I*;MIDMI
hewmew.
Tne U S Agency tor ntematDn.31h v e b p w n l
aarn8nslers me S toregn a s s l a r r r
program pmvldng ecooomc and humanltaren
assstance in more than 8 0 countries worldw~de.'
.
Osiam Ech~opiaE n u r p c ? Reiponjc
\ledla 8; .Ad\ara-!
ETHSIO: Poicard; from 3fx
Photos a:postcards by Jane Beesley'Oxfarn
Postcard1
Ethiopian Pastoral~sts
Make u p 13O0of W pqn~hban,occupy ammd
65O0 of h e land. om, almost 45'0 of W
hestock but dm t have tair reptesenmbm n
the pol~bcaland s o c ~ l e c ~ w arenas
~cr
Have poor woeconor*: devebpment
conpared to oher regions of Emlopla
Poor aocess m scual s e m s eg health
educabon and water means very hgh levets of
iU~teracyvery few qualmed and expenenced
techncal people as *ell as heam proMens
and nsks related lo Door water scgphl
There a lRtle pasloral &ek+mnt
poky or
reccgnlbon of indigenous kncwledge and
resource mnagemmt of W pastoral
comrmnlly in moden pastord development
.
dying
The marshlondr; look like graveyards
No one knows exactly how many cattle
dled last year though esbmates put il as
hrgh as 5090 Oxfam tncmerated 15.000
In Afar Today
..
C a w are emaciakd ard dywq
Shortage of tood and water has forced
large nunten onto h e manh areas lke those
near Meteka town where only me vulhrres and
warbogs do dl
Grwng cm manhiand means mat c a w
plck up l ~ eRukes
r
*hch mll add b the death
.
.
ml
A c a w sta@temg pm~amne
has
ceased W c a w are no* eimer kM hn lo
prwde meal or are prewus Dreedng cattle
•
FARM A h - M m parmer Pwpie
are desperate ID seil Per calbe bebe a y de
fncludng b'rer h ? O q a m 'Dr Tab
Mes6n 7 9 prom &I ~reedrwa@?nt? are
Conwa: Jm k s k ?
\Iedia & .Advosa<y C e d i n a t o r
~ t K s l e @o~fam.Orouk
\
TeI: + 3 1 I 6I3.W
Fxx: +251 1 613533
Oxfam Ethiop~aEnursnc! Rs~pmse
\ I d l a & Ad~arai!
FTHSlO Postcard, from afar
Postcard3
" ...upside with the cows."
I
OneofthemnrearomfwWwl~eskxk
sltuabon IS mat the pastoralsts have nowhere
else to go eg nA h h e -amn n Gewane
woreda s parbntlarly m l because of h e
Lack of ram
Pow or no water soom
Rapd and aggrexpanvan of
Prosops - an allen shni~Eaten by
goak and m b m e s ca& the
seeds are quckly wead to other areas
Conflcl mth oltierclam *ho are in the
same situabon and are tyng to ptotect
the~rdwndbng resources and
hebhoobs
We can !go R, fhe k t M e W u s e of fhe
prosops we can rgo ro Uw q h t because of me
I s a s 8nng us a &&r because me wty p&ce
wecangosupdemmihem*r~
All Abubeker
Ali Abubeker. Gewane
1
To keep these
animals alive would
cost
£18
Ifthese animals die it would cost twice
as much to rest&
f36
Rehabilitation of livestodc includes vetennary services
and suppletnentary food.
Treatment for externafintemai parasites
Catae £1.50
SheeplGoats £1
Camek £3.50
SheeplGoat
Canfe
Restocking
male £8.50,female El 1
male £25. female £36
It wn~lldlake around A -10 vpnrs for W e herds
Contact Jaw Br.zsk!
\fed~a6:..\d\was! Ceonlm3lor
W j l c @~oxfm.orn.uL
Tsl: +251 1 617.U
Oxfam Eth~oplaEnrrpns! R ~ S ~ M I X
\ledla 6r .Ad\cx*.h.)
FTHSIO P ~ E irm
~ aSi u
Poscards
I
Conducted h e a h h y g m e d i m .
I
Warn s WMk n Afar has been funded
mrnush
DFID
Rehab~lmmol boreholes daposal of
carcasses vetemaq n k r v e n m 8 IwM
educabon mclvdmg ennmnrwltal heam
70,000 beneficlanes
ECHO
Borehok reh&lQtabon(l healthhygme
educabon A r m 20.000 beoeficlam.
OFDA are cunenlty bnd~ng
borehole reh&lmbcn 8 heaii educaban.
Supplemtay leedmg 8 r e h h l m m 01
lwestcck Human heaW 8 hhyglene
InteNWibOrtS 25,000 belleficlane~.
"The future of these children depends on the longer-term development work we need to
continue in Afar. "
- Dawit Beyene. Oxfam Humanitarian Programme Co-ordinator.
-
Oxfam GB Ethiopia is currently launching a 15-year pastoral programme focussing on
community empowerment in the major pastoral regions of Ethiopia - Somali. Afar and Borena.
August 2003