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7. Ciramsci. Prison Notc books 328-2'3.
12. Pierre Bourdicu, Outline of a Theorv of Practice trans. Richard Nice (Cambridgc: Cambridge
UP, 1977) 73.
1 3 . Eaglctun, Ideoiogv 1 56.
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tlistorv of Sociolo~icalThouphl (Newyork: Palgrave, 2000) 2 1 2-1 3 .
15. Bourdieu 173
16. Rourdicu 191
17. Eaglc ton 157
19. Sara Mills, Discourse (London and Newyork: Routledge, 1997) 9.
20. Tcun. A.Van Dijk, Ideoluay: A Multidisci~linan,Amroach (London: Sagc publications) 192.
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2 !. Deborah Cameron, Feminism and Linauitic Theow (London: Macmjllan, 1992) 155.
22. V.N.Volosinov, Marxism and The Philoso~hv~f Lannua~ctrans. Ladislav Matejka and I.R.Titumik
(Newyork and London: Seminar Prcss, 1973) 9.
24. Volosinov 15
25. Volosiilov 53-54.
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26. Rosalind Coward and John Ellis, Language and Materialism: Develooment of in Sc~niolclevand
the Thcon, of the subicct (Boaston, London and Hcnley: Ruutledgc Kcgan Paul) 20.
27. Karl Marx, Capital Vo1.3 (London: Lowtlrcnce and Wishart, 1974) 8 18.
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63. Mikhail Bakhtin, &belais and His World (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1984) 18-29
65. ""Bakhtin evokes in detail those facial and bodily features of clear Carnivalesque signature. Thc
nosc, often evoked in animal terms as snout or beak, a well-high universal comic image, is
symbolic r)f the phallus. The grotesque is also interested in protruding eyes, but the most important of facial fcaturcs is the mouth, the gaping mouth, a wide - open bodily abyss, through which
thc world enters to bc swallowed up, transformed, and renewed. Bakhtin suggcsts that the grotesquc body is cosmic and universal, merging with the natural world, with mountains, rivers,
seas, islands and contnents, thc sun and stars".
John docker, Postmodernism and P o ~ u l a rculture: A cultural Histow (C'ambridge: ('atnhridgc
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66. "Labour is first of all, a process betwcen man and naturc, a process by which man, through
hisown actions, mediates, regulates and controls the metabolism betwecn himself and naturc. Wc
confronts the materials of nature a s a force of nature. He scts in motion the natural fbrces wbich
bclong lo hisown body, his arms, legs, head and hands, in order to appropriate the materials o f
nature in a form adapted to hisown needs. Through this movcmcni he acts upon external nature
and changes it, and in this way he simultaneously changes hisown nature" Karl Marx, Cavital
M ( N c w y o r k : Vintage, 1976) 283
0 7 . Marx, Ca~italVol. !285-86.
73. Istvan Meszaros, Bevond Ca~ital:Towards a Theorv of Transition. Vo1.2 (Culcutta: KP Ragchi
bZ Company, 2000) 527.
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76. Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomasky, Man
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