International Max Planck Research School on Retaliation, Mediation and Punishment General Information about Living in Freiburg Disclaimer: The information provided in this document may be outdated or inaccurate. The IMPRSREMEP office does not assume any responsibility for the content of this document. Parts thereof were copied from http://www.howtogermany.com. In case you do come across some inaccuracies, please, let us know. Housing All IMPRS REMEP PhD students coming to Freiburg may contact Ms. Tanja Tippach (++49 (0) 761 7081 1220 or [email protected]). She will assist you in finding short and long-term accommodation. For further information about housing see below. Background Information about the Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg The University of Freiburg i. Br. was founded on September 21st 1457. The lawyer Matthäus Hummel was appointed as the first rector of the university. The university initially consisted of four faculties: Philosophy, Theology, Law, and Medicine. Between the years of 1870 and 1885 the number of students enrolled at the university increased from 200 to 1000, and in 1904 there were already 2000 students. Today more than 22,000 students are enrolled at the Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg. With humanities and the University Library in the city center, the Natural Sciences Campus (Institutsviertel) in the north, and the University Hospital in the west of the old city, the university is deeply rooted in the life of the entire city. The recent purchase of a 40 hectare area near the air field has enabled the university to secure space for continued growth in the future. The university is divided into 11 faculties, including Theology, Law, Economics and IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 1 Behavioral Sciences, Medicine, Philology, Humanities, Mathematics and Physics, Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Earth Sciences, Biology, Forest and Environmental Sciences, and Applied Sciences. Rights of Foreigners / Obtaining a Residency Permit for Study Purposes (Visa) International students need a visa for study purposes to enter Germany. The visa must have been issued by the German Embassy or the German Consulate in your native country. Exempt from this regulation are applicants and students from EU member countries and from countries with which the Federal Republic of Germany has reached a special agreement. Currently, this is the case for Australia, Honduras, Monaco, San Marino, Israel, Japan, Canada, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and the USA. By no means should you enter Germany as a tourist! A tourist visa cannot be changed into a student visa after you have entered the country. Students and applicants from nonEU countries are issued a residency permit. This permit is only valid for a specific purpose, in your case to apply or study at a recognized institution of higher education or a similar educational institution or to prepare for studies (e.g. by taking a language course). In case of preparation for studies or for studies, you can / should be granted residency for two-three years. In order not to lose any time, you should inquire as early as possible at an agency of the German government in your native country as to what documents you need in order to apply for a visa. An official letter of intention issued by the University stating that you will enroll into a structured PhD program at Freiburg University will generally make it easier to obtain a visa. You will find the addresses of German embassies and consulates at: http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/laenderinfos/adressen IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 2 If you need more detailed information, please consult the brochure „Informationen zu den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für Einreise und Aufenthalt von ausländischen Studierenden und Wissenschaftlern“ (“Information on the Legal Conditions for the Entry and Residency of International Students and Scientists” – available only in German) from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). Formalities / Resident Registration Office After moving into an apartment or student dormitory and within 10 days after arriving in Freiburg, international students must register at the resident registration office of the town in which they live (in Freiburg: Resident Registration Office / Basler Straße 2). When registering, international students must be sure to bring a passport or personal identity card. International students who live outside of Freiburg must register with the municipal authorities of the town in which they live. It is also necessary for all international students who will be residing in Germany for more than three months to register at the immigration office (in Freiburg: Resident Registration Office / Basler Straße 2) for a residency permit (the residency permit for study purposes is called an “Aufenthaltsbewilligung”). They must also provide evidence that they have enough financial resources to support themselves during their stay in Germany (details in the next section). Scholarship recipients and students participating in European study programs should have no problem fulfilling this criterion. It is of course also necessary to have sufficient health insurance (see Health Insurance). The German registration regulations require registration for everyone who changes residence within Germany. You have to inform the registration office whenever you change your address and, as well, when you leave Germany. At the residents' registration office you will receive a registration certificate (Meldebescheinigung). The registration office is situated in Bürgeramt, Basler Str. 2, Freiburg. When you are registered as a resident you will get within 4 weeks an invoice for the garbage removal. The amount of this invoice will be about 150,- € per year! IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 3 In addition, even though you are a EU-Citizen, you have to register at the aliens' registration office (Ausländerbehörde), where you will receive your residence permit. Registration in Freiburg and Immatriculation at the University of Freiburg Registration in Freiburg You need to register with the Resident Registration Office and the Immigration Office of the City of Freiburg (both Bürgeramt, Basler Str.). EU-citizens only need to go to the resident registration office. In order to matriculate for studies, you must first register as a resident and obtain a residency permit. EU citizens, citizens of EEA member countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway) and recipients of scholarships from public scholarship organizations are exempt from fees for residency permits. EU citizens receive their confirmation (Regulation on the freedom of movement of EC nationals) when they register as residents at the Freiburg Resident Registration Office. Citizens of other countries (including citizens of EEA countries) must apply for a residency permit at the Immigration Office after registering as residents. Resident registration office Address of Bürgerservice Basler Straße 2 - 1rst floor 79100 Freiburg Contact Information: Telephone: 0761 / 2 01-3277 E-Mail: [email protected] Opening times: Mo, Tue and Fri 7:30 to 12:00 Thur 7:30 to 12:00 and 13:00 to 16:00 Wed 7:30 bis 20:00 Sa 9:30 bis 12:30 IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 4 Immigration Office Basler Straße 2 - 2nd floor 79100 Freiburg Opening times: Mo- Fri 8:00 to 12:00 Wed 13:30 to 17:00 Both can be reached by: tram 2, 3 und 5 stop: "Johanneskirche" Bring the following documents to those offices: 1. Passport 2. Letter from MPI administration (stating financial support, health insurance etc.) 3. filled in “Anmeldung” form (attached form) 4. passport photo (EU citizens and citizens of the EEA member countries Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway must submit 2 passport photos) NOTE: If you live outside Freiburg, the municipal authorities (town hall) of the town you live in are responsible for resident registration. The office hours differ from town to town so call them for their office hours. Immatriculation at the University of Freiburg In order to matriculate as a ”Promotionsstudent” you will have to go to the Faculty of Law fist. There are no time frames as to your matriculation as PhD student. Please note that being matriculated as “Promotionsstudent” does not carry the meaning of being admitted as PhD student. The so-called “Promotionsausschuss” of the Law Faculty that sits twice during a semester will eventually take this decision. Faculty of Law Mrs Hugger Platz der Alten Synagoge 1/ KG II 79085 Freiburg IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 5 Opening hours 9-12 a.m./ room 2107 Tel.: ++49 (0) 761 203-2145 or [email protected] The following is required to bring for registering as “Promotionsstudent“: • “Betreuungszusage”/ statement of your doctoral supervisor that s/he will supervise you during your PhD project • The letter of acceptance by the IMPRS REMEP • Formless application in case you wish to write your PhD thesis in English; you need to justify why you would like to write your PhD in English; “Betreuungszusage” of your supervisor should already refer to this language application supporting it • Coordinate this process with the IMPRS REMEP office! Mrs. Hugger should be provided with the equivalency statement issued by the University of Freiburg by the IMPRS REMEP coordinator at the same time • You may hand in the “Antrag auf Zulassung zur Doktorprüfung” later, i.e. once you wrote your thesis and after consultation with your supervisor; this application is necessary in order to launch the actual PhD exam • A “polizeiliches Führungszeugnis” (to be applied for at the Resident Registration Office after registering) • You need to bring a CV (curriculum vitae) • Copies of your Masters, Bachelor (Hons) and your final school certificate (Abitur, A-levels etc) that have been approved by the University of Freiburg. Afterwards you matriculate at the administrative building on Fahnenbergplatz during office hours. The following is required to bring for immatriculation at the University of Freiburg • The letter of acceptance (“Annahmeerklärung der Fakultät”) issued by the Faculty of Law (which you will receive from Mrs. Hugger) • A completed application form (“Zulassungsantrag” to be found at http://www.studium.uni-freiburg.de/international/incoming/promotion/) IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 6 • Passport showing your visa • Your resident registration and residence permit (or proof that you have applied for it) • You need proof of your health insurance (either statutory, private or from your home country (only for EU-citizens)) • Notarized copies of your Masters, Bachelor (Hons) and your final school certificate (Abitur, A-levels etc) in their original language and in an officially translated version (if the documents are not issued in English, French, Italian or Spanish) • Two photos • Receipt confirming payment of your student fees (€ 46.00), the initial contribution for a semester ticket for public transportation (€ 19.00), and administrative fees totaling € 40.00. You must present a receipt confirming that you have paid € 105.00 when you matriculate. Recipients of scholarships from the DAAD and several other German foundations are also exempt from payment of the administrative fees (€40.00) and only need to pay a total of 65,00 € (social contribution payment) in fees. Payment of fees: University Cashier’s Office in the administrative building (Room 01008). Money In Germany it is still common to pay in cash for food or minor items. In department stores, clothes shops, restaurants or for larger amounts payment by credit card or eurocheque card is generally accepted. You need to open a current account with a bank, Sparkasse or post office as soon as possible to receive the installments of your grant and to carry out regular payments, such as rent, electricity, etc. The different banks offer more or less the same service, but as the fees vary considerably, a comparison is worthwhile. IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 7 Meanwhile, there are many banks which offer home-banking or tele-banking, which allows you to handle your bank transactions by computer or phone. If you expect frequent remittances from or to your account in your home country, it could be worthwhile to ask your home bank whether it cooperates with a specific bank in Germany. This could shorten and cheapen the transfer of money to the bank abroad. When you open a current account, you have to produce your passport or identification card. A current account offers you the possibility to: • Deposit and withdraw money at any time • Arrange a standing order ("Dauerauftrag") for regular payments at a fixed amount (e.g. rent), effecting that a specified sum is transferred regularly at certain dates • Transfer money to another account with a transfer form ("Überweisung") • Authorize someone to withdraw money from your account ("Einzugsermächtigung"); this is relevant for regular payments of differing amounts, such as electricity bills Generally, you will receive a customer card with which you can withdraw money from all cash dispensers of your bank. In addition, you may obtain a eurocheque card, a debit card. Many bigger shops also offer direct payment by this card. Moreover, you can use this card to withdraw money from all cash dispensers in Germany for a small fee and from your own bank's cash dispensers without charge. The eurocheque card can be used to withdraw money from cash dispensers in most European countries for a small fee. Besides your current account, you may open a savings account. In Germany you hardly receive any interest on your current account, so that it is worthwhile to open such an account for your savings Opening a Bank Account Without an account at a German bank it is practically impossible to study in Germany and to receive your stipend. Some banks offer student bank accounts free-of-charge: • Deutsche Bank 24 (Rotteckring 3 and Kaiser-Joseph-Strasse 262) • Dresdner Bank (Bismarckallee 18 - 20 and Münstergasse 1) IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 8 • Commerzbank (Kaiser-Joseph-Strasse 251) • Sparkasse Freiburg - Nördlicher Breisgau (Kaiser-Joseph-Strasse 168-90) To open an account you need: • Passport or Personal ID Card (EU) • Letter of admission by the Research School Office or by the University • Confirmation of Residence Registration (Anmeldebestätigung) Car Driving licenses from other EU- or EEA -countries are generally accepted in Germany and they need not to be exchanged to a German one. Licenses from other countries such as Estonia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland are accepted as well, but you have to convert it into a German driving license after 6 months at latest. This will be done without further examination. You have to go to the local driving license office (Führerscheinstelle) which can usually be found in the town hall or district hall (Kreisverwaltung). You should apply for the German driving license in time (at least 3 months before expiry of the set term of 6 months), because processing may take time. Otherwise you will violate German law by driving without a valid license. When you apply for the German driving license you have to present: • your passport • your foreign national driving license (not the international one), with translation if necessary • confirmation of your registration in Germany (Meldebescheinigung) • a passport photograph • a declaration (written and signed by you) that the foreign license is still valid • in some towns you have to present additionally a police certificate (Polizeiliches Führungszeugnis, obtainable at the town office) and an eye test (can be taken with every optician) have to be presented as well IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 9 If you come from another than the above mentioned countries you have to obtain a German drivers license. This means that you have to pass the German driving test with a practical and a theoretical part (traffic rules). This can be done in other languages as well. You can contact a driving school to determine whether your knowledge is sufficient. If not you will be required to take some driving lessons. Car Registration If your stay in Germany is not only temporary - a stay of more than one year will certainly be considered as such - your car must be registered in Germany. For this you have to go to the local motor vehicle registration office (Kraftfahrzeugzulassungsstelle), where you can also obtain the necessary forms. You will be asked to present: • your passport • your drivers license • the car registration papers from your own country and your car's old number plates • a cover-note from the car insurance company of your home country ("Deckungskarte der Versicherung") • a statement from the Federal Motor Vehicle Office ("Kraftfahrtbundesamt") that your car has not been registered in Germany before After that you are required to do the following: • go to the Technical Control Board ("TÜV") where your car will be checked for road worthiness • have an exhaust emission test ("Abgassonderuntersuchung - AU") made at the TÜV or at a garage The fees for registering your car, including the costs for obtaining the number plates will amount to app. 50 €. The costs for TÜV and AU total about 75 €. When you register your car in Germany, you will be charged with a motor vehicle tax; the amount charged IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 10 depends on the type of car. If you intend to take out a German car liability insurance you should request proof of the period of your accident-free driving from your insurance agency at home. Taxes The question of whether or not you have to pay taxes depends on the kind of contract your host institute concludes with you. If you have a employment contract you have to pay regular taxes and social security contributions. A Stipend (fellowship), on the other hand, is an established term laid down in the German tax law. Stipends are generally taxfree if they fulfill the following requirements: they have to be paid by a public institution for the support of research or scientific training and the amount must not be higher than what is necessary to cover the costs of subsistence. This means that stipends are tax-free up to a certain amount (roughly up to 2000 €). The final decision regarding this rests with the local tax authority, i.e. the German „Finanzamt" which is responsible for you. The exemption from taxes also means that you do not have to pay social security contributions. Income Tax The income tax will be paid directly to the state by the host institute. The amount of taxes depends on income, family status and tax classification. Church Tax Together with the income tax the German government collects church tax (Kirchensteuer) for the major churches in Germany (which is about 9% of the income tax). You have to indicate your affiliation to a church when you ask for your tax registration card. Church tax is paid by those affiliated to the Roman-Catholic Church, the Lutheran or Reformed Protestant Church, the Jewish Parish or some free Protestant churches. You do not have to pay if you belong, for example, to the Anglican Church or Orthodox Church. In case of doubt, you can ask the residents' registration office which issues the tax card. IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 11 Social Security If you have a work contract you have to pay social security contributions in Germany. If you have a stipend, you are exempt from that. But you have to take out a health insurance. The European Commission has issued the "Community Regulation on Social Security" which states the claims and transferability of social benefits within the European Union. These rules are also relevant for Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. The Community Rules state two basic rules: 1. Principally, you are insured in the country in which you are working. 2. Principally, you are subject to the laws of one single member state only. Furthermore, Germany has concluded social security agreements with similar conditions with the European countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway as well as BosniaHerzegovina, Bulgaria (only pension scheme), Croatia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Macedonia, Poland, Slovenia, Switzerland and Turkey. Similar agreements have been concluded with Israel, Morocco and Tunisia and, for pension alone, with Chile, Japan, Canada and the USA. Health Insurance All students in Germany must have a health insurance. Some of the insurance companies do not offer Ph.D. students discounts. Ms. Rombach, our human resource person, may give you further information and advise on that point ([email protected] or ++49 (0) 761 7081-1209). Statutory or Private Insurance? If you have an employment contract it depends on your salary whether you can choose between a statutory or a private insurance. With a stipend you can take either statutory or private health insurance. Children and non-working spouses are included in the statutory insurance, whereas you have to pay extra for them in a private insurance. You should check which solution is the most reasonable for you. Please note that you may not be allowed to join a statutory health insurance in Germany again, once you have joined a German private insurance. If you still earn more than 3375 € per month after the fellowship, you have to remain in a IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 12 private insurance. But a regular private insurance might be more expensive than the special one for foreigners. You should keep this in mind if you think about staying in Germany after your fellowship. This rule is of no relevance if you remain insured in your home country. As mentioned above, in case you receive a scholarship you have to choose a private insurance, statutory health insurance or continue to be insured with an agency in your home country. Coverage of the Statutory Health Insurance (e.g. Techniker Krankenkasse) The statutory health insurance covers medical and dental treatment, granting free choice among the approved medical doctors, as well as drugs, bandages, remedies, glasses, hearing aid, etc. In addition, you are entitled to all necessary hospital treatments. The patient has to pay an excess of 4-5 € for prescription drugs, 9 € per day (max. 14 days per year) for stays in hospital and a certain part of the expenses for dentures, crowns, etc. You also have to pay the ”Praxis”-fee of 10 € once in 3 months. The statutory health insurance is a family insurance which covers non-working spouses (up to a salary of 6325 € per month) and children without additional contributions. In case of sickness, you have the right to full continuation of wages ("Lohnfortzahlung") for up to 6 weeks. At the end of the 6 weeks you get sickness benefit, amounting to 70% of the gross salary, from your health insurance. If you are ill, you have to see a doctor by the third day of your illness at the latest. He will examine you and will certify your unfitness for work and the expected length of absence. You have to send one part of the attestation to your health insurance and the other part to your host institute. Within the EU and in some other countries (see above) the insurance is also valid during short stays outside Germany (e.g. vacation). This does not apply to all countries, e.g. not to Israel, Liechtenstein, USA and Canada. Coverage of the Private Health Insurance In contrast to the statutory health insurance, the contributions to and coverage of the private insurances are not legally bound. The amount of the contributions does not IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 13 depend on the salary, but on age, sex and risk of illness. In addition, the coverage of the insurance is fixed individually and contributions depend on the choice of services you wish to incorporate. Normally, the minimum standard corresponds to the coverage of the statutory health insurance. Often the coverage of private health insurances is even better and there is no need to make any excess payments. Please note that some of the insurance companies demand a health certificate from a German doctor. Without this certificate you will have to wait for some months until all or some parts of the coverage, e.g. artificial teeth/denture or birth come into effect. Care Insurance The long-term care insurance takes effect when you need regular care at home (because of age or handicap). It is a compulsory insurance which is concluded in combination with the health insurance. The contribution is about 1.7% of the gross salary. Even if you have a private German health insurance you are obliged to conclude a long-term care insurance. You may be exempt from that if you keep your health insurance from your home country. Accident Insurance The accident insurance is paid by the employer and covers accidents which occur at work or on your way from and to work. Any such accident has to be reported to your host institute immediately. Your children are automatically insured at school or kindergarten as well as on the way from and to it. Personal Liability Insurance This is mandatory in the case of automobiles. You can also get insurance covering other cases of liability for injury or damage to other persons or their property. You are covered whether the negligence was yours or that of a family member or even your pet. It is highly recommended if you rent a house or an apartment. International Office of the University of Freiburg Fahnenbergplatz, Rektorats building, first floor, room 01 030 Tel.: 203-4375; Fax: 203-8857 IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 14 eMail: [email protected] Opening times (during term): Mo, Tue and Thur : 09.00-12.00 Wed: 13.30-15.30 Fri: closed Opening times (off term): Mo, Tue and Thur : 10.00-12.00 Wed: 13.30-15.30 Fri: closed On offer: • orientation week at the University of Freiburg (usually the week before the term starts). Information including living in Freiburg, tour of the University, University Library, email accounts, spare time events, fitness program of the University etc. You need to sign up online for this event (see homepage of International Office for details). • free assistance in finding accommodation in Freiburg (online-Portal), point your browser to http://www.io.uni-freiburg.de/ioffice/wohnung/ • excursions for international students at the net cost price (supported by the DAAD). • theater club on Wednesdays, Erbprinzenstraße 12, first floor, visit one play per week chosen by criteria to suit international students concerning the understanding (plays are usually in German). Around €5 per play. If you are interested send an email to Hans Meyer-Heubach ([email protected]). Studentenwerk Freiburg Schreiberstr. 12-16, 79098 Freiburg, Tel.:2101-200, Fax: 2101-303 The Studentenwerke, together with the institutions of higher education themselves, are responsible under German law for the social welfare of all students. Various sources of funding enable them to carry this out, including their own fundraising, the contribution of the federal Länder, and a contribution made by all students at the beginning of each IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 15 semester (Sozialbeitrag). It is, so to speak, the admission ticket to all the services that the Studentenwerk offers: Canteens, cafeterias and dormitories, BAföG (financial aid) counseling and job searching, it is the place to go for problems of all kinds, social counseling, bookstores - the offers vary from place to place throughout Germany according to the particular environment and needs of the students. The Infoladen is the new information desk of the Studentenwerk. It is part of the BISS and can answer most of the questions that you may have. It has information of all sorts, including job and room-search services, and financial aid information. In addition, there are international student passes, as well as GermanFrench social passes. In the waiting area, one can surf the Internet. Going out, taking stage yourself, organising an event, testing oneself and one’s abilities or simply watching – the MensaBar in the Mensa Rempartstrasse is the place for culture by and for students. Whether cinema, club, theater, literature, comedy or live music, everything is possible, and your own ideas are always welcome as well. There are also already a few classics among the events. The series "Shakes on Rock“ for example, which features live student bands at no cost; the "Video Slam“ where self-made videos are shown, or the weekly evenings hosted by the "Internationaler Club." Another highlight is the Campus Talk Show "Schroeders Blaue Couch,“ in which entertainers, cabarettists, parodists and the student Florian Schroeder engage guests from the university scene in discussions. International Club of the Studentenwerk Freiburg http://www.studentenwerk.uni-freiburg.de/index.php?id=veranstaltungen-ic&L=4 Who we are: Students from all over the world studying at one of Freiburg’s institutes of higher learning. What we want: Contact to students from other countries, to get to know other cultures, to broaden our horizons and find out just what’s going on out there in the world. What we do: We meet regularly every Thursday at 8.30 p.m. in the MensaBar at the public Club events, which are open to anyone interested – for example the O-TonKino (foreign films in the original language), Länderabende (evenings themed according to the culture of a particular nation) the travel series „Unterwegs“, as well as great parties. We also meet at other places for a number of other events. How to become a member: IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 16 Just sign up. You can get your membership card in the Infoladen of the Studentenwerk or at the Club events. You can also sign up online and at the Service Points in the cafeterias. 2€ per semester. The reasons to sign up: To get to know nice students from all over the world, find language learning partners, make friends and get discounts on all the Studentenwerk’s excursions. There’s even a Club magazine... Radio and TV There's plenty of excellent English programming available, but you'll need cable or satellite reception to get most of it. People in Germany can get their television and radio three ways: terrestrially, via cable and via satellite. You won't find much, if any, television in English without cable or satellite reception, though some radio in English may be available terrestrially, especially at night. Things get a little better if you want to pay for cable service, better still if you invest in satellite reception, and vastly better if you acquire decoders and/or a digital receiver. The television stations that can be received without cable or satellite are ARD, ZDF, the Third Program and, in some areas, RTL, which broadcast entirely in German. (These are also receivable by cable and satellite, sometimes with better reception.) There are about 40 channels on the cable (depending on where you're located). Most of them broadcast in German, but some of them are in English: CNN etc. Also on cable (as well as satellite) is Premiere. It is digital pay TV and broadcasts in German, but it has also a package with English channels. By far, the most popular method these days to receive a large number of channels is to have a satellite dish installed. It is relatively inexpensive to buy the dish, LNB and receiver. There are a lot of package deals available in retail outlets. You may want to have a professional installer mount and align the dish. Make sure you have your landlord's permission to put up a dish. You will be faced with a large choice of receivers. The cheapest ones are the analog receivers. Somewhat more expensive are digital receivers. Many broadcast companies have already switched to the newer digital technology, but are still broadcasting in analog until the buying public catches up. If you buy the standard digital receiver that receives the standard "free to air" broadcasts you'll be able to pick up several English language channels, depending on which satellite your dish is pointed to. That's the good news. The bad news is that the channels you can pick up are pretty much limited to news, music, IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 17 travel shops, some sports and shopping. If you want to get more English language channels then you will have to get a receiver and service that will allow you to pick up "encoded" signals. There are different types of "decoders" and decoding cards that will enable you to receive a variety of services. Several specialized magazines are available that describe in detail the offerings on different satellites and information on decoders. They also carry advertisements from different companies that offer the services. The broadcast standard in Germany is PAL B/G, which isn't compatible with the NTSC system used in the U.S. You should buy either a PAL set or a multi-system set. Once you are registered with the city you will receive a letter from the GEZ (Gebühreneinzugszentrale). They will ask you to pay a monthly fee of around 16 € for your Radio and TV. It is absolutely necessary to register any TV or Radio as the GEZ will charge you a high fee if you do not register your TV or Radio. Accommodation Looking for Accommodation Looking for inexpensive accommodation in Germany is as difficult and time-consuming as anywhere in Europe, especially in big cities and university towns. If you do not have the opportunity to look for accommodation before you start your fellowship, you should consider staying in a boarding house or apartment hotel for the first few weeks. If you bring your family, it is strongly recommended to find housing in advance. There are different ways to find accommodation: You can go through the ads for apartments in the local newspaper where you will find an extensive advertisement section, usually on Wednesdays and especially on Saturdays. You can also advertise in the paper yourself. In many cities there are also special advertisement papers containing small ads mostly by young people seeking to sell or buy objects and offering or looking for accommodation. These ads primarily offer student rooms or shared flats (see below). Especially in university towns, singles also have the possibility to move in a furnished student room (möbliertes Studentenzimmer) or a shared flat (Wohngemeinschaft -WG). In a furnished student room you generally share the bathroom with other tenants, often there is a kitchen, too. In shared flats several persons live together in one flat, which means that each one has his or her own room and that both bathroom and kitchen are used jointly. Shared flats IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 18 are mostly inhabited by young people and students, and they provide a good opportunity to get into contact with Germans and to make friends. The "WGs" normally choose their flatmates themselves whereas the tenants for student rooms are usually selected by the landlord. You can find those student rooms or "WGs" through small ads, but also through notice boards (Schwarze Bretter) at the universities, usually to be found in canteens, at heavily frequented locations and in the institutes. They are accessible to all students and employees and you can look for or post notes. In addition, the International Office and the students' representation (ASTA – Allgemeiner Studentenausschuß) also offer an accommodation service. To employ a real estate agent is the most expensive way to find a flat because you have to pay up to two months' rent as agent's fees, hardly a worthwhile investment for a short stay. You should, in any case, only choose agents affiliated to a professional association (e.g. Ring Deutscher Makler - RDM). Some universities and research centres keep guest houses or flats which they offer to foreign research fellows. The administration of the research institute or the International Office of the university will be able to supply this information. It may also be possible to move into the flat or house of a German researcher who is going abroad himself. Most university towns have one or more Mitwohnzentralen which offer information on flats or rooms available for subtenancy. For the address of the local Mitwohnzentrale ask the International office or your host institute or have a look in the phonebook. Housing Expenses Generally, housing costs are quite high in Germany, especially in big cities like Munich or Frankfurt where you have to pay up to 15 € per square metre. In small towns or suburbs, however, the price per squaremetre merely amounts to about 5-8 €. The information about the level of rent charged mostly refers to the basic rent (Kaltmiete) which means that you have to pay extra for electricity, water, heating and waste disposal. In contrast, these additional costs (Nebenkosten) are normally included in the rent for furnished flats (Warmmiete). When you read descriptions of apartments, pay attention to the addition Warmmiete/warm (including additional costs) or Kaltmiete/kalt (excluding additional costs) respectively. In Germany you can rent furnished, partly furnished or IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 19 empty flats. Empty flats have neither carpets nor curtains, lamps or kitchen equipment. Partly furnished or furnished rooms have at least some furniture and kitchen equipment. Flats are rarely offered with furniture, whereas single rooms are sometimes furnished. Accommodation Small Ads Accommodation small ads are often difficult to understand, because they are full of abbreviations. Here are the most important ones: 2ZKB: (5 Zimmer Küche, Diele, Bad) 2 rooms, kitchen, corridor, bathroom EBK (Einbauküche): kitchen is in the flat already DG (Dachgeschoss): appartment is in the roof of the building UG (Untergeschoss): appartement is in the cellar OG (Obergeschoss): appartement is on the first floor (USA: 2nd floor) EG (Erdgeschoss): appartement is on the ground floor (USA: 1rst floor) ZH: (Zentralheizung) central heating 800,- + NK: (800 € Kaltmiete plus Nebenkosten) 800 € basic rent plus additional costs KM: (Kaltmiete) basic rent NK: (Nebenkosten) additional costs (incl. heating, water etc.) WM: (Warmmiete) basic rent including additional costs (KM+NK) Wfl.: (Wohnfläche) size of flat in square metres G-WC: (Gästetoilette) separate toilet TG: (Tiefgarage) underground car park BaWa (Badezimmer, Waschmaschine): bathroom and washing machine Attention: The letters IMM or RDM signify "Immobilienmakler" (real estate agent) and "Ring Deutscher Makler" (Association of German real estate agents). This means that you must pay a fee of up to two months' rent on conclusion of the lease. Recycling Recycling is Germany's contribution to the global battle for the environment, and the country has been very successful in its fight against growing garbage heaps. But the whole subject of recycling can be a daunting issue for any newcomer to the country. The IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 20 good news is that there are some easy guidelines to follow. Soon you will be able to handle the line of garbage bins at your front door like a recycling pro. Germany produces 30 million tons of garbage annually. The Green Dot system has been one of the most successful recycling initiatives, which has literally put packaging on a diet. The crux is that manufacturers and retailers have to pay for a "Green Dot" on products: the more packaging there is, the higher the fee. This clever system has led to less paper, thinner glass and less metal being used, thus creating less garbage to be recycled. The net result: a drastic decline of about one million tons less garbage than normal every year. A major part of the success of this program is the proper sorting of garbage, however. And this is where the lesson starts. Let's start with the easy stuff: glass. Any kind of bottle or glass jar that is nonreturnable and on which you did not pay a deposit or "Pfand", belongs in the designated glass bins. This includes wine bottles, jam/preserve jars, oil bottles, juice bottles and even bath-salt bottles. Ceramics, china, mirrors and wine corks do not belong in the glass bins. Glass is sorted by color. There are different slots for depositing green, brown and clear glass. You will find these bins dotted over every neighborhood. The only thing to take note of here is the times when you should not recycle. Remember Quiet Time? That is not the time to recycle your bottles or you will have a couple of very irate neighbors on your hands. The other bins you will encounter are usually at your doorstep, and are color coded; green, yellow, brown and gray. Sometimes the whole bin is the color in question, sometimes just the lid. The color of the lid is key. Paper is also entry-level recycling: all packaging made of paper and cardboard, newspapers, magazines, waste paper, paper bags, etc, etc. (you've got the idea?) belong in the green bins. Tissues, however, do not belong here. Read on to find their place in the scheme of things. If you don't have a green bin at your home, you will certainly find one somewhere in your neighborhood. You are supposed to flatten boxes before putting them in the bin, and make sure you throw only the box and not the plastic wrappers inside the box, in the bin. It is now time to move on to the more advanced level: the yellow Bins and the Green Dot. Cans, plastic, polystyrene, aluminum, tinplate and "composite" materials like beverage cartons made of a mixture of materials belong in the yellow bin. Empty spray cans are also allowed here. You are not supposed to put stuff inside each other, like the yogurt cup inside the baked beans tin. And lastly, spare a thought for the end process: this stuff gets IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 21 sorted by hand. A kind request has been made to rinse the cans and cups before throwing them in the bin. No need to scrub, just a light rinse. Now you are left with the "other stuff" and biological waste, which by the way, makes up almost 50% of the total garbage produced in Germany. Bio stuff is anything destined for the compost heap in a good gardener's back yard. This includes kitchen scraps, peels, leftover food, coffee filters, tea bags and garden waste. If you live in a house, you probably will have a separate brown bin for this. The end result of bio recycling is either energy through the natural fermenting gasses, which is captured and utilized, or garden compost. So this is good stuff to recycle, albeit a bit smelly at times. The brown bins do, however, get emptied very regularly during the summer months. Nevertheless, keep the bin far from your kitchen window! If you are not fortunate enough to have a separate brown bin and don't feel like making your own compost heap, you are allowed to throw the bio stuff in your household waste bin, the gray one. This bin is also the destiny of, finally, "almost the rest". This includes ash, cigarette butts, old household objects like hairbrushes and frying pans, textiles and nylon stockings, nappies/diapers, tissues, other personal hygiene items, extremely dirty paper, etc. Everything in the gray bins will be incinerated. In this very advanced section of recycle know-how, we are really left with "the rest", i.e. the stuff that did not feature anywhere else. That is the hazardous waste, which includes fluorescent tubes, batteries and acids, cans of paint still containing paint, thinners, adhesives, corrosives, disinfectants, insecticides, and so forth, has to be treated as hazardous waste. You will receive a notice from your local town council on when and where the truck collecting this kind of waste, will be. You need to bring your stuff to the site for them to dispose of it in the proper manner. If this waste ends up in the gray bin, it will be burnt with the rest of the "gray" waste, which could result in extremely poisonous gasses. Batteries are disposed of separately. Look out for a small bin (it looks like a small garbage bin) at your local shopping area. You can deposit your used batteries here for proper disposal. If you are still left with something you would like to throw away (heaven forbid!) and do not think that it belongs on the "Trödelmarkt"/fleamarket, you have the opportunity at certain announced times to place your stuff outside when Sonstige Müll (miscellaneous items) will be gathered. This could include a sofa, broken hi-fi, chairs, building materials, etc. The funny thing is that not much of this stuff ends up on the IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 22 garbage dump since many second hand dealers or "collectors" drive round the neighborhood to inspect the thrown out stuff. The majority of it gets loaded into private vans long before the municipal vans come around! No arguing that all this sorting can sound a bit much. One option is to prevent as much garbage as you can. Buy yourself a basket and buy fresh fruit and vegetables at the outdoor market. They use paper bags, which you can just as well re-use every time you go to the market. Or buy loose products in the supermarket. Bring your own egg carton with you every time you buy eggs. Avoid products with obvious superfluous packaging. Use returnable product options and use refill packs. Buy yourself a cotton shopping bag and bring that along every time you go shopping instead of using the plastic carry bags provided by the store. Pack food in reusable containers. Try to buy as many products as you can with the Green Dot on it, since this means that the manufacturer is assisting in financing the recycling of the packaging. You will find yourself tuned into the recycling frame of mind in no time. Now that you know where to put what, you need to know when to roll the bins out onto your street for collection. Your area will have a designated day on which garbage is collected. The only thing you need to find out is which garbage bin to put out. You can get a calendar with garbage collection detail from your local registration office or from the community newsletter. Alternatively, just wait until your neighbors roll out their bins and check out the color(s) of the week! Despite the extra effort and diligence required by First World Recycling, it does provide a sense of pride to know that you actually managed to figure out the German recycling system - something for your résumé, no doubt! Latest Update 2/2009 IMPRS REMEP Information for Newcomers 23
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