1. science
2. geology

Journal
GSH
The Epicenter of
Geophysical Excellence
October 2014
GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY OF HOUSTON
A Conversation with Hampson & Russell - Page 25
UPCOMING EVENTS
Saltwater Tournament - Page 10
Geoscience Day - Page 17
TopGolf Social - Page 23
Tennis Tournament - Page 38
Deformation Investigations in Hydraulic Fracturing - Page 11
GSH Live Webinars with Scott MacKay & Leon Thomsen - Page 9
Joint Inversion for Petrophysical and Engineering Properties - Page 7
Volume 5 • Number 2
Kirchhoff: No Q Compensation
Kirchhoff: With Q Compensation
WEM: With Q Compensation
VTI or TTI Anisotropy and Attenuation Compensation During PSDM
Q Model From Tomography
Visco Acoustic Imaging
Using Q tomography and depth migration, as the Q compensation platform, has the
benefit that complex 3D wavefield attenuation can be automatically accounted for:
• Improving resolution, and amplitude balance
• Correcting the phase distortion, and allowing for better positioning of the reservoir
Houston
Tel: +1 281 509 8000
2
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Technical Events
6|
4••••
Organization Contacts
Technical Luncheons & Dinner
7|
5••••
A Word From the Board
Technical Breakfast - Northside 5••••
8|
More Accurate Velocity Models and More Accurate
Algorithms for More Reliable Depth Imaging
Speaker: David Kessler, Seismic City
Data Processing & Acquisition SIG 8|
•••
Reconstructing Sound Speed in Photoacoustics
Speaker: Kui Ren, Associate Professor,
University of Texas, Austin
INSIDE •••
SEG Honorary Lecture: Joint Inversion of
Multiphysics Data for Petrophysical and
Engineering Properties
Speaker: Aria Abubakar, Schlumberger, Houston,
Formation Evaluation
LOOK
•• MEETINGS ••
TA B L E o f C O N T E N T S
GSH Live Webinars
9|
Technical Article
11|
Deformation Investigations of Induced Seismicity
During Hydraulic Fracturing
By Shawn Maxwell (IMaGE) and James Rutledge
(Schlumberger)
Tutorial Nuggets
19|
Spatial Sampling and SpatiAliasing
By Mike Graul
Corporate Members
15•••• Outreach
By Lisa Buckner
17•••• Outreach -Volunteers Needed
28••••
Wavelets
29••••
Corporate Sponsors
32••••
Mystery Item
35••••
HPAC
37••••
Geoscience Center News
40••••
Calendar of Events
Seismic, Sonar, and Sunshine:
The 2014 UH Geophysics Field
Camp at Galveston
Do You Know What This Is?!
Spouses' Auxiliary
A Conversation With...
25|
A WesternGeco
vessel in route
to a new survey
offshore Brazil. Doodlebugger Diary
38|
Photo Courtesy
of WesternGeco.
14th Annual Saltwater Tournament
10|
Geoscience Day 17|
GSH TopGolf Social
23|
Hampson and Russell - Part Two
By John Logel and Satinder Chopra
Ancient History
By Lee Lawyer
• C H E C K THIS O U T •
Welcome New Members
On The
Cover...
October 10th, 2014
October 16th, 2014
Save the Date - November 6th, 2014
29th Annual
GSH Sporting Clays Wrap Up
31|
Tennis Tournament 38|
Save the Date - November 21, 2014
October 2014
E D I TO R ’ S N OT E
• • • F E AT U R E S • • •
October 6-9, 2014 and November 10-13, 2014
6••••
By Liza Yellot, Second Vice President
To ensure your information reaches the
GSH members in a timely manner, please
note the following deadlines and plan
accordingly. Please submit your articles
and any questions to Tommie Rape, editor,
at [email protected].
2014 GSH JOURNAL DEADLINES
Dec 2014........................................... October 3
Jan 2015 ......................................... November 5
Feb 2015......................................... December 3
© The Geophysical Society of Houston retains all rights and privileges to
the content hereof. No reproduction or usage of content is allowed without
express written permission of The Geophysical Society of Houston.
Geophysical Society of Houston
3
GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY OF HOUSTON
Karen Blakeman, Office Director • Kathy Sanvido, Webmaster/Membership Manager
14811 St. Mary’s Lane, Suite 204, Houston, TX 77079 • Office Hours 8 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Phone: (281) 741-1624 • Email: [email protected] • Website: http://www.gshtx.org
GSH Board of Directors = GSH Executive Committee + SEG Section Representatives
O R G A N I Z AT I O N C O N TAC T S
Phone
Cell
PRESIDENT______________________________ Paul Schatz_______________713-975-7434_____713-829-5254_____
Sponsorship_________________________ Haynie Stringer____________281-491-2045_____832-606-3993 _____
Editorial Board_______________________ Lee Lawyer_______________281-531-5347_______________________
Historian____________________________ Art Ross____________________________________281-360-9331_____
Office_______________________________ Dave Agarwal_____________281-920-4450_______________________
Outreach____________________________ Lisa Buckner______________713-496-4256_____713-252-9665_____
Scholarship Liaison___________________ Jim Schuelke______________713-296-6801_______________________
Continuing Education_________________ Mike Graul________________713-465-3181_______________________
Webinar_________________________ Farshid Forouhideh________281-781-1178_______________________
PAST PRESIDENT _______________________ Tad Smith________________713-296-6251_____832-474-7825_____
PRIOR PAST PRESIDENT ______________ Scott Singleton____________713-273-1426_____832-524-8382_____
Email
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
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MEMBERSHIP
PRESIDENT ELECT_______________________ Glenn Bear_______________281-624-9950_____281-250-4013_____ [email protected]
GSH/SEG Membership_______________ Glenn Bear_______________281-624-9950_____281-250-4013_____ [email protected]
Volunteer Coordinator________________ Nicola Maitland____________713-972-6209_____281-507-6552 _____ [email protected]
TECHNICAL EVENTS
FIRST VICE PRESIDENT __________________ Robert Stewart____________713-491-4823_____832-244-1893_____
FIRST VICE PRESIDENT ELECT ________ Sofia Campbell______________________________713-668-5406_____
Tech Breakfasts Westside______________ Glenn Bear_______________281-654-5070_______________________
Tech Breakfasts Northside_____________ Glenn Bear_______________281-654-5070_______________________
Tech Luncheons______________________ Rob Stewart______________713-491-4823_____832-244-1893_____
Spring Symposium___________________ Rob Stewart______________713-491-4823_____832-244-1893_____
DISC_______________________________ Rob Stewart______________713-491-4823_____832-244-1893_____
Geoscience Day______________________ Haynie Stringer____________281-491-2045_____832-606-3993 _____
OTC Rep.___________________________ Roy Clark_________________281-723-8672_______________________
SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS (SIGS)
Data Processing and Acquisition________ Clement Kostov___________713-689-5752_____832-506-6026_____
Next Generation Geoscience Computing_ Abhijeet Narvekar____________________________281-630-4503_____
Potential Fields_______________________ Alex Blacque______________832-858-9327_______________________
Rock Physics________________________ Isabel Varela______________281-687-6692_______________________
Microseismic_________________________ Gary Jones_______________832-679-7104_____281-924-2210_____
SEG Wavelets________________________ Oyintari Aboro______________________________314-685 4391 _____
SOCIAL / FUNDRAISING EVENTS
SECOND VICE PRESIDENT _______________ Liza Yellott________________713.881.2894_____713.204.0998 ____
SECOND VICE PRESIDENT ELECT _____ Carmen Comis____________713-393-4833_____832-282-9975_____
Sporting Clays_______________________ Dietrich Landis____________281-275-7748_____713-824-7633_____
Icebreaker - West_____________________ Malleswar Yenugu__________713-914-0300 _____281-687-8984_____
Icebreaker - North____________________ Tony LaPierre_____________713-482-3845_____281-733-5281_____
Salt Water Fishing Tournament_________ Bobby Perez______________281-240-1234_____281-787-2106_____
Social at TopGolf - North______________ Yoryenys Del Moro_________281-943-1729_______________________
Social at TopGolf - West_______________ Duane Pankhurst__________713-864-7700 _____713-444-7177_____
Tennis Tournament___________________ Russell Jones______________832-295-8350_______________________
Annual Meeting & Awards Banquet_____ Katherine Pittman_________713-972-6206_______________________
Golf Tournament_____________________ Dennis Sump_______________________________281-658-7433_____
Social Media Coordinator______________ Liza Yellott________________713.881.2894_____713.204.0998 ____
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
SECRETARY ____________________________ Andrew Peloso____________713-369-0274 _____713-894-5088 _____ [email protected]
TREASURER ____________________________ Amy Rhodes________________________________281-293-3514_____ [email protected]
Finance Committee___________________ Dennis Yanchak___________713-296-6109_______________________ [email protected]
COMMUNICATIONS
EDITOR_________________________________ Tommie Rape_______________________________713-829-5480_____
Assistant Editor______________________ Marianne Rauch-Davies_______________________832-641-2377_____
Assistant Editor______________________ David Watts_______________713-689-6040_______________________
Assistant Editor______________________ Malleswar Yenugu__________713-914-0300 _____281-687-8984_____
Advertising Committee________________ Karen Blakeman___________281-741-1624_______________________
Website Coordinator__________________ Liza Yellott________________713.881.2894_____713.204.0998 ____
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
SEG SECTION REPRESENTATIVES________ Paul Schatz_______________713-975-7434_____713-829-5254_____
____________________________________ Tad Smith________________713-296-6251_____832-474-7825_____
____________________________________ Scott Singleton____________713-273-1426_____832-524-8382_____
____________________________________ Glenn Bear_______________281-624-9950_____281-250-4013_____
____________________________________ Lee Lawyer_______________281-531-5347_______________________
SEG ALTERNATE REPS________________ Lisa Buckner______________713-496-4256_____713-252-9665_____
____________________________________ Bill Gafford_______________281-370-3264_______________________
____________________________________ Marianne Rauch-Davies ______________________832-641-2377_____
____________________________________ Haynie Stringer____________281-491-2045_____832-606-3993 _____
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Geoscience Center / Museum__________ Bill Gafford_________________________________281-370-3264_____ [email protected]
SPG-NA Rep.________________________ Dave Agarwal_______________________________281-920-4450_____ [email protected]
ECH liason__________________________ Lisa Buckner________________________________713-496-4256_____ [email protected]
HPAC______________________________ Donna Parrish, HPAC _______________________281-859-8088_____ [email protected]
4
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Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
A Word from the Board
The upcoming fiscal year for the GSH will be full of
exciting events to give our members and sponsors plenty
of venues to socialize. The main purpose of these events
is to raise funds for the technical, educational, and
outreach activities (more than 75) that the GSH offers
all throughout the year. We take great pride in being
the catalyst that brings new discoveries and technology
from the most innovative speakers and companies to
each and every geophysicist in the surrounding Houston
area. Without your support as members and corporate
sponsors, we would not be the most effective local
Section of the SEG. Your involvement today is the key
to our industry’s success for tomorrow’s geophysicists.
With over 2000 members and growing, our events
are well attended and full of energy! We have a great
team of chairpersons that spend countless hours
volunteering to ensure that each event is well planned
and executed. There is something
for everyone to enjoy and plenty
of ways to make use of each event. From seasoned geoscientists with
a wealth of experience, to those
young professionals eager to start
their careers, and to marketing
professionals looking for advertising
opportunities through sponsorships,
each member can contribute and
benefit from the connections they
make by attending our events. Liza Yellot,
Second Vice
President
Mark your calendars for upcoming social events to make
sure you don’t miss an opportunity to participate in
your favorite sports, network with your colleagues,
and get your company name in front of the Houston
Geophysical community. Here are the fundraising events for the remainder of this fiscal year:
Event
Date
Chairperson
Fishing Tournament
October 10, 2014
Bobby Perez, Seismic Ventures
Northside TopGolf
Social
November 6, 2014
Yoryenes Del Moro,
Noble Energy
Tennis Tournament
November 21, 2014
Russell Jones, Seitel
Westside TopGolf
February 26, 2015
Duane Pankhurst,
Pacific Rubiales
Golf Tournament
April 27, 2015
Dennis Sump,
Global Geophysical
Honors and Awards
Banquet
May 7, 2015
Katherine Pittman, Resolve Geo
Sporting Clays
August 22, 2015
Rick Trevino, CGG
ACTIVE
James Spear
Baker Hughes
ASSOCIATE
Abhinav Rawat
Channing Wendt
David Reynolds
Hojatollah Lotfipour
James Jolly
Kelly Bentley
Schlumberger
SEG
FairfieldNodal
NIOC
Oasis Petroleum
Diversified Well Logging
October 2014
UPGRADES
Patrick Hooyman
Active to Emeritus
ASSOCIATE
Kun Jiao
Sara Wilder
Stephen Price
Suresh Dande
Xiaoyu Zhang
Schlumberger
Seitel
Global Geophysical
Sigma Cubed
Sigma Cubed
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
NEW MEMBERS
Welcome New Members
A WORD F ROM T H E BOARD
2014-2015 Social Events Liza Yellot, Second Vice President
5
6
Northside Breakfast
More Accurate Velocity Models and More
Accurate Algorithms for More Reliable
Depth Imaging
Westside Breakfast - SAVE THE DATE
Speaker: T
BD
Sponsored by CGG
Wednesday 15-October-2014
7:30 AM to 8:30 AM
Location: C
GG
10300 Town Park Drive
Houston, TX 77072
TECH LUNCHEONS
& DINNER
SEG Honorary Lecture: Joint Inversion of
Multiphysics Data for Petrophysical and
Engineering Properties
Speaker: A
ria Abubakar, Interpretation
Engineering Manager & Scientific
Advisor, Schlumberger Houston
Formation Evaluation
Westside Lunch
Tuesday 21-October-2014
11:00 AM to 1:00 PM
Location: Omni Hotel - Westside
13210 Katy Freeway
Houston, TX 77079
• next gen SIG •
Sponsored by Anadarko and Lumina
Tuesday 7-October-2014
7:30 AM to 8:30 AM
Location: Anadarko Petroleum
1201 Lake Robbins Drive
The Woodlands, TX 77380
••• DP&A SIG •••
Speaker: D
avid Kessler, Seismic City
• • • t e ch B R E A K FA S T S L U N C H E S & D I N N E R • • •
CO R P O RAT E M E MB E R S
T E CH N I CAL E VE N T S
TECH BREAKFASTS
micro SIG
Technical Events
MICROSEISMIC SIG
Thursday 2-October-2014
11:30 AM to 1:00 PM
DATA PROCESSING &
ACQUISITION SIG
Reconstructing Sound Speed
in Photoacoustics
Speaker: K
ui Ren, Associate Professor,
University of Texas, Austin
Sponsored by Schlumberger
Tuesday 14-October-2014
4:30 PM to 6:00 PM
Location: S
chlumberger
10001 Richmond Avenue
Houston, TX 77042
NEXT GENERATION
GEOSCIENCE
COMPUTING SIG
Thursday 23-October-2014
5:15 PM to 7:00 PM
Visit us at the
SEG Denver Convention, Booth #2312
October 26th-31st
We appreciate our Corporate
Apache Corporation
Bluware
ConocoPhillips
Northside Dinner
Dot Hill Systems Corp.
Tuesday 21-October-2014
5:00 PM to 7:30 PM
Location: Grotto
9595 Six Pines
The Woodlands, TX 77380
Halliburton
l
Lone Star Geophysical
Surveys
Downtown Lunch
l
Wednesday 22-October-2014
11:00 AM to 1:00 PM
Location: The Petroleum Club of Houston
800 Bell Street, 43rd Floor
Houston TX 77002
Back to Index
Members
Seabed Geosolutions
Seitel, Inc.
For more information about becoming a Corporate
Member, please contact the GSH office at
281-741-1624, or [email protected].
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Technical Luncheons & Dinner
Session 2 (Northside Dinner)
Tuesday, October 21, 2014
5:00 – 7:30 p.m.
Speaker: A
ria Abubakar, Interpretation
Engineering Manager & Scientific
Advisor, Schlumberger Houston
Formation Evaluation
Location: G
rotto
9595 Six Pines
The Woodlands, TX 77380
Session 1 (Westside)
Tuesday, October 21, 2014
11:00 – 1:00 p.m.
Aria Abubakar,
Schlumberger
Houston
Formation
Evaluation
Session 3 (Downtown)
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
11:00 – 1:00 p.m.
Location: O
mni Hotel - Westside
13210 Katy Freeway
Houston, TX 77079
Location: T
he Petroleum Club of Houston
800 Bell Street, 43rd Fl.
Houston TX 77002
Abstract:
Biography:
A variety of measurements may illuminate the
reservoir with varying coverage and resolution such
as: electromagnetic (EM); controlled-source EM
(CSEM); magnetotelluric (MT), surface-to-borehole EM
(STB-EM); crosswell EM; seismic (surface seismic,
crosswell seismic, and VSP); gravity (surface and
borehole); and production history/well testing data.
The interpretation of each measurement on its
own will provide incomplete information due to
nonuniqueness and limited spatial resolution. However,
when integrated and combined with other measurements
such as near-wellbore data, they may provide
considerable value such as, for example, to enable
estimation of reservoir properties, to obtain an improved
reservoir model, and to provide a physics-based
reservoir upscaling. At the end, it will help us in making
appropriate field management decisions with reduced
uncertainty.
Aria Abubakar was born in Bandung, Indonesia, in
1974. He received a master's degree (cum laude) in
electrical engineering and a PhD (cum laude) in technical
sciences from Delft University of Technology in 1997
and 2000, respectively. From September 2000 until
February 2003 he was a researcher with the Laboratory
of Electromagnetic Research and Section of Applied
Geophysics of Delft University of Technology.
This presentation will review joint inversion algorithms
and workflows for integrating EM, Seismic, and
production data. It will analyze challenges, advantages,
and disadvantages of these approaches. In particular, for
reservoir characterization applications, joint structural
and petrophysical algorithms for integrating EM and
seismic data (CSEM and surface seismic, and crosswell
EM and crosswell seismic) will be presented. For reservoir
monitoring applications, the talk will describe EM data
(for single-well, crosswell and STB) inversion algorithms
constrained by the fluid-flow simulator. In the inversion
for both EM and seismic, a full nonlinear approach (the
so-called full-waveform inversion) will be employed so
that all the information in the data can be utilized. Some
test cases will be discussed.
October 2014
T E CH N I CAL L U N CHES & DINNER
SEG Honorary Lecture: Joint Inversion of
Multiphysics Data for Petrophysical and
Engineering Properties
He joined Schlumberger-Doll Research in 2003 and
his last position there was as a scientific adviser and the
Research Program Manager of Multi-Physics Modeling
and Inversion Program. While at Schlumberger-Doll
Research, he worked on advanced modeling and inversion
of electromagnetic and seismic waves. In addition, he
has been developing algorithms and workflows for
joint inversion of multiphysics data for both reservoir
and wellbore-scale measurements. Since early 2013,
he has been Interpretation Engineering Manager and
Scientific Adviser at Schlumberger Houston Formation
Evaluation in Sugar Land, Texas. He currently is leading
Schlumberger Wireline and Logging-While-Drilling
product development for electromagnetic, nuclear, and
resistivity measurements and their joint inversion and
interpretation.
He is Associate Editor of Radio Science and Geophysics.
He has published one book, four book chapters, over
75 scientific articles in referred journals, 150 conference
proceedings papers, and 50 conference abstracts. He
holds four US patents and has five US Patent applications
under review. He has presented over 200 invited and
contributed talks in international conferences, institutes,
and universities.
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
7
TE CH N I CAL BRE AKFAS T
Technical Breakfast - Northside
More Accurate Velocity Models and More Accurate
Algorithms for More Reliable Depth Imaging
Location: Anadarko Petroleum
1201 Lake Robbins Drive
The Woodlands, Texas
77380
Speaker: D
avid Kessler
Seismic City
Tuesday, October 7, 2014
7:30 – 8:30 a.m.
Sponsored by Anadarko and Lumina Abstract: Today depth imaging is routinely used for
both exploration and production needs, both offshore
and onshore. In the past few years the industry has
shifted to use both better data as well as more accurate
depth migration algorithms. However, in order to
provide reliable depth imaging, more accurate velocity
(and anisotropic) models need to be constructed and used
in the application of prestack depth migration.
In this talk we will review various geological settings
demonstrating how more accurate depth migration
algorithms can produce better depth migrated data. This can be achieved only if better velocity models are
constructed during model building. This includes velocity
models that are needed for application of reverse time
migration for imaging of deep water subsalt sediments,
velocity models that include faults for resolving onshore
fault shadow imaging challenges, and construction of
accurate anisotropic models for accurate imaging of
unconventional plays.
David Kessler
Seismic City
In the area of prestack depth migration algorithms, we
will discuss algorithm implementation enhancements
of reverse time migration resulting in minimal
numerical artifacts as well as better amplitude
normalization and enabling preservation of relative
amplitude variations after prestack depth migration.
Using these examples, we will demonstrate how more
reliable depth imaging can lead to better interpretation
of depth migrated data.
Biography: Dr. David Kessler is president of
SeismicCity, a seismic data processing company
specializing in depth domain model building and depth
imaging. Senior Research Scientist at Landmark/ITA
(1991-1993). Dr. Kessler has a B.Sc., a M.Sc. and a
Ph.D. in Geophysics from Tel Aviv University. Prior
to SeismicCity, Dr. Kessler was the manager of the
Depth Processing Services group of CGG Americas in
Houston (1996-2000), a Senior Research Geophysicist
at CogniSeis Development (1993-1996).
D P & AC Q SIG
Data Processing & Acquisition SIG
8
Reconstructing Sound Speed in Photoacoustics
Speaker: K
ui Ren, Associate Professor
University of Texas, Austin
Location: Anadarko Petroleum
1201 Lake Robbins Drive
The Woodlands, Texas
77380
Sponsored by Schlumberger
Tuesday, October 14, 2014
4:30 PM to 6:00 p.m.
Kui Ren, Associate Professor
University of Texas, Austin
Abstract: Photoacoustic imaging aims at reconstructing
optical properties of a scattering medium from acoustic
signals measured on the surface of the medium.
Mathematically this is an inverse source problem to
the acoustic wave equation. This problem has been
extensively studied in recent years. It turns out that the
initial source term in the acoustic wave equation depends
on the speed of the sound in this case. This motivates us
to construct a strategy that reconstructs simultaneously
the sound speed and optical properties. We will briefly
discuss some possible relations of this approach to some
seismic imaging problems.
Back to Index
Biography: Kui Ren obtained his PhD from the
Applied Mathematics Program at Columbia University
in May 2006. He then spent a year in the University
of Chicago as a L. E. Dickson instructor. He joined the
University of Texas at Austin as an assistant professor
in Mathematics in fall 2008 and was recently promoted
to associate professor. Kui Ren's research involves
theoretical and numerical aspects of inverse problems
related to partial differential equations (PDEs). He is
also interested in analysis and simulation of the
propagation of high frequency waves in random media.
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
The next installment of the GSH Webinar Series is coming directly to your
computer desktop on October 6-9, 2014
W E BI NARS
The Interpreter's Guide to Depth Imaging
Instructor: Dr. Scott MacKay
Duration/Format: 4 half-day interactive webinar sessions
This updated and expanded version of Dr. MacKay’s April, 2013 webinar provides a practical approach to the
theory, applications, and management of prestack depth migration projects. The course begins with an intuitive
review of migration algorithms and velocity-updating methods in common practice. The implications of anisotropy
are reviewed with a focus on the interpreter-intuitive quality controls used to promote stable velocity solutions and
formation-top calibrations. Finally, the promise and potential pitfalls of inversion for azimuthal properties that yield
lithologic, fluid, and geomechanical reservoir properties are covered.
For more information and to register visit http://www.gshtx.org/en/cev/1246 or contact the GSH
office at 281-741-1624.
A Live Webinar presented by
the Geophysical Society of Houston
Understanding Seismic Anisotropy
in Exploration and Exploitation
Featuring Dr. Leon Thomsen
All rock masses are seismically anisotropic, but we often ignore this in our seismic acquisition, processing, and
interpretation. The anisotropy nonetheless does affect our data in ways that limit the effectiveness with which we can use
it, if we ignore it. In this short course we will understand why we have been successful with our past seismic data despite
it. We will further understand how we can modify our practice so as to more fully realize the potential inherent in our data,
through algorithms which recognize the fact of seismic anisotropy. The course is accompanied by numerous class exercises,
presented in Excel (.xls) format.
November 10, 11, 12 & 13
4 hours per day 8:00 AM - 12:00 Noon Central Time (USA)
Individual, Group, and Student pricing options are available
For Information and Registration, visit
October 2014
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
9
14th ANNUAL
SALTWATER
TOURNAMENT
Friday, October 10, 2014
TopWater Grill Marina
815 Avenue O, San Leon, TX
We are looking forward to a big event this fall
and we encourage full family participation.
Galveston Bay Complex Division
Powered by KATALYST,
SeismicZone is designed to
accelerate the E&P decision
making process through an
online marketplace of quality
assured seismic data.
Trophies will be awarded for the heaviest
individual Redfish (Non-Tagged), Speckled
Trout, and Flounder. Trophies will also be
awarded for the heaviest individual Stringer –
1 Redfish, 3 Speckled Trout, and 1 Flounder.
Galveston Offshore Division
Trophies will be awarded for the heaviest
individual Ling, King Mackerel,
and Mahi-mahi.
Registration fee includes: Launch Fee, GSH
Fishing Cap, and Fish Fry Meal after weigh-in,
Refreshments, Trophies, and DOOR PRIZES.
NEW: REGISTRATION OPTIONS
INCLUDE LIMITED SPACES ON A BOAT
WITH A GUIDE!
For more information, please contact:
Bobby Perez 281-787-2106 Cell
281-240-1234 ext. 3233 Office
E-mail: [email protected] or
[email protected]
REGISTRATION OPTIONS prior to Oct 3rd:
Individual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$75
Individual with AM Guided Boat . . . . . $200
Individual with PM Guided Boat . . . . . $200
Dinner only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20
LATE REGISTRATION AVAILABLE
PLEASE REGISTER ONLINE AT:
http://www.gshtx.org/en/cev/1164
Upon Registration, each participant will be
provided with a copy of the specific
tournament itinerary, rules sheet
and disclaimer by e-mail.
10 Back to Index
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Deformation Investigations of Induced Seismicity
During Hydraulic Fracturing
By Shawn Maxwell (IMaGE) and James Rutledge (Schlumberger)
The deformation that occurs during hydraulic fracturing
is investigated in the context of a few recently reported
examples of induced earthquakes. Energy balance
considerations are used to compare radiated microseismic
energy with the hydraulic fracture injection. The
microseismic energy is typically a very small portion of
the hydraulic energy unless fault activation releases stored
tectonic stresses. Nevertheless, the microseismic energy
is found to be smaller than the hydraulic energy for all
cases examined. Similarly, the concept of conservation
of injected volume is used to compare microseismic
volumetric deformation strength with the total injected
volume. Both the energy and volume balance suggest
significant aseismic deformation typically occurs, but the
injected volume and corresponding energy may suggest
a potential upper bound on the largest magnitude
earthquake that may occur.
Introduction
Public awareness is rising around the possibility of
induced earthquakes associated with hydraulic fracturing.
Hydraulic fracturing typically causes only weak
microseismic events with magnitudes less than zero
and that are too small to be felt on surface. However,
a few cases of larger earthquakes have recently been
reported. In Oklahoma, an earthquake with a magnitude
of Md=2.8 (duration magnitude estimated from the
seismogram coda) may have been related to hydraulic
fracturing (Holland, 2011). In the UK during April and
May of 2011, hydraulic fracturing near Preese Hall
(PH) resulted in an event with magnitude ML=2.3 (local
magnitude scale) and later another ML=1.5 (de Pater and
Baisch, 2011). Between 2009 and 2011, 38 earthquakes
including an ML=3.8 resulted from hydraulic fracturing
in the Horn River Basin (HRB) shale gas reservoir in
north-east British Columbia, Canada (BCOGC, 2012).
More recently, a few additional potential cases of
hydraulic fracturing induced seismicity have occurred,
particularly in Alberta and Ohio. No physical damage
or injury was reported for any of these cases, although
public attention in the UK case did result in a temporary
hydraulic fracturing moratorium. The moratorium was
eventually lifted after detailed studies and recommended
seismic monitoring systems with operational protocols
tied into a ‘traffic light’ system, using magnitude levels of
any seismicity associated with future developments (e.g.
Maxwell, 2013).
Various examples of induced seismicity have been
attributed to larger fluid injection volumes for stimulation
of geothermal reservoirs (e.g. Basel, Switzerland see Shapiro et al., 2010) and waste water injection
(Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Guy, Arkansas; Prague,
Oklahoma; Raton Basin, Colorado; and Youngstown,
Ohio: see National Research Council report, 2012 for
a comprehensive review of various examples included
here). In a number of the waste-water disposal-induced
seismicity cases, produced water from hydraulic stimulated
wells was being re-injected. However, the injection
volumes are typically significantly larger than even the
largest hydraulic fracture stimulations in unconventional
reservoirs. Induced seismicity cases are a well-known
phenomenon and can be induced by mining, reservoir
or dam impoundment, and injection. For example, fluid
injection in Denver, Colorado in the 1960’s resulted in
felt earthquakes, which lead to the Rangely experiment
in the early 1970’s showing that seismicity could be
induced and controlled through injection.
T E CH N I CAL ART I CLE
Summary
The three cases of hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity
are believed to be isolated and rare occurrences (Maxwell
and Szelewski, 2014). Previous studies have shown
that the deformation and seismic energy associated
with hydraulic fracturing typically represent only a small
portion of the energy budget of the hydraulic fracture,
with a much larger part of the rock movements during
hydraulic fracturing occurring aseismically (i.e. not
detected). Indeed in certain conditions it can be difficult
to detect microseismicity, particularly during surface
microseismic monitoring. Often microseismic activity
is well below magnitude zero. In this paper, recent
examples of induced seismicity will be examined in
the context of previously published observations of the
relationships between the microseismic and hydraulic
fracture deformations (e.g. Maxwell et al., 2008).
Energy Balance
During a hydraulic fracture treatment, the hydraulic
energy associated with the injected fluid volume can be
estimated as the work done during pumping operations
Technical Article continued on page 12.
For Information Regarding Technical Article Submissions, Contact GSHJ Coordinator Scott Singleton ([email protected])
October 2014
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
11
Technical Article continued from page 11.
and can be computed as the product of injection pressure
and volume. Obviously, conservation of energy must apply
to the total system, so the input energy associated with
the injection must equal total energy output. Energy losses
associated with friction, thermal changes, and fluid leak-off
from the hydraulic fracture to the reservoir also result in
energy dissipation. The remaining portion of the hydraulic
energy goes into fracture creation and dilation, with
some seismically radiated in the form of microseismicity.
However, the hydraulic fracture can also interact with preexisting faults and release stored tectonic stresses, which
is believed to be the mechanism of injection induced
seismicity. This radiated tectonic energy depends on the
properties of faults encountered, and this stored tectonic
energy release is in addition to the hydraulic fracture
energy balance previously described. The microseismic
energy associated with the hydraulic fracture is therefore
expected to be a small portion of the total hydraulic energy,
depending on the significance of the other energy factors
and the incremental tectonic energy release.
Maxwell et al., (2008) compare observed microseismic
energy release from various reservoirs with the hydraulic
injection energy, and determined that the microseismic
energy is a very small portion of the hydraulic energy with
reported ratios between 1x10-9 and as large as 1x10-5. The
energy ratio which was defined as the ‘seismic injection
efficiency’ was found to crudely correlate with the fracture
gradient (essentially a proxy for minimum stress). Examples
were also reported in which the energy ratio increased
because of fault activation, increasing by up to two orders
of magnitude. Figure 1 shows a plot of energy ratio and
Figure 1: Seismic injection efficiency (ratio of
microseismic energy to hydraulic injection energy)
versus frac gradient. Red arrows indicate two fault
activation cases where the fault activation results in
increased seismic energy (arrow points from pre-fault to
post-fault activation efficiency). Modified from Maxwell
et al. (2008).
fracture gradient; fault activation examples are highlighted.
The fault activation examples show the ratio prior to the
fault movement along with the final point which results in
a move vertically upwards in the plot to a higher ratio. The
Montney shale example also includes some stages that were
interpreted to indicate fault activation, which plot at higher
efficiency values. From a seismic hazard point of view,
low efficiency values are preferred since seismic activity is
limited to weaker microseismicity. Boroumand and Eaton
(2012) computed efficiencies for HRB in north-east BC,
for a dataset with only small magnitude microseismicity
below magnitude 0.
Figure 2: Crossplot of microseismic versus hydraulic
energy for various cases. HRB data are shown based
both on the fracturing of an entire pad and averaged for
stage. The maximum seismic energy HRB stage is also
included. Reference lines of seismic injection efficiency
are also shown.
To compare with some larger magnitude events, Figure 2
shows a cross-plot of microseismic and hydraulic energy.
Reference lines of efficiency are shown as percentages.
Data from Figure 1, HRB, and PH are included. Both
of the latter data sets are shown for the total seismic and
hydraulic energies on a per-pad basis. For HRB the dataset
involves an average of 8 wells and 17 fracturing stages
per well, but PH involves just 1 well and 6 stages. Only
the five HRB pads with large events are included. The two
HRB pads where no earthquakes were reported would
plot somewhere below these data points. For both sites the
data from the total fracture injections are plotted with the
average per stage. In the case of HRB, the actual energies
observed on single stages is variable, so the maximum is
plotted for the one stage where the largest event (ML=3.8)
occurred. Note that the range of efficiencies for HRB fall
between 0.0001% to almost 50%: almost a factor of 1
million variation. The increased seismic energy release is
again attributed to tectonic stress release resulting from
hydraulic fracturing reactivating existing faults. For all
Technical Article continued on page 13.
12 Back to Index
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Technical Article continued from page 12.
the data examined, the seismic energy release is less
than the hydraulic energy consistent with observations
for geothermal cases of induced seismicity (Baisch and
Vörös, 2011).
Mass Balance
An alternative view to energy conservation is based on the
concept that the total injected volume of an incompressible
fluid must be preserved. During a hydraulic fracture
treatment, the injected fluid volume is precisely measured.
When fracturing low-permeability shales, the injected
volume must be accommodated in fracture volumes, either
that of newly created hydraulic fractures or pre-existing
faults and fractures. McGarr (1976) proposed a model
relating total seismic moment to volume change, through
either mining extraction or injection inflation. The McGarr
injection model relates injected volume (V) to the total
seismic moment (M0) source strength:
M k µV
∑
where k is a constant, and µ is shear modulus. The total
0=
moment can be approximated as the moment release
of the strongest event, and as shown by McGarr (2013)
it appears to define an upper limit on the magnitude of
injection-induced seismicity from cases of anomalous
seismicity during geothermal, waste injection, and hydraulic
fracturing operations.
examples are from geothermal reservoir simulations such as
Basel, Soultz, and Cooper Basin. Consistent with McGarr
(2013), maximum magnitude associated with a typical
shear modulus is shown for reference and generally follows
the largest events. Data from Maxwell et al. (2008) and
other published hydraulic fracture examples (too numerous
to cite) are shown. These more typical cases plot well below
the modulus trend with small moments below 1010 Nm and
injection volumes below 10,000 m3. This is consistent with
the observation that the vast majority of hydraulic fractures
do not result in induced earthquakes. Nevertheless, based
on the few cases of reported anomalous seismicity during
hydraulic fracturing, the McGarr (1976) model appears to
provide an upper limit on the maximum magnitude.
Discussions and Conclusions
Analysis of both the energy and volume budgets during
hydraulic fracturing indicates that typically the majority
of deformation is aseismic. Significant energy dissipation
and volumetric deformation occur without corresponding
seismic radiation within the detectable microseismic
bandwidth. The exception is when hydraulic fracturing
interacts with faults and tectonic stresses are released.
Fault activation and the associated potential tectonic stress
release result in progressively larger microseismic energy.
References
Baisch, S. and R. Vörös, , 2011, Geomechanical study of Blackpool seismicity:
Cuadrilla Limited open report.
British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission, 2012, Investigation of induced
seismicity in the Horn River Basin: British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission
open report, August 2012.
Boroumand, N. and D. Eaton, , 2012, Comparing energy calculations:
hydraulic fracturing and microseismic monitoring: presented at CSEG
GeoConvention.
de Pater, C.J. and S. Baisch, 2011, Geomechanical study of Bowland Shale
seismicity: Cuadrilla Limited open report, 2011.
Holland, A., 2011, Examination of possibly induced seismicity from hydraulic
fracturing in the Eola Field, Garvin County, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological
Survey, Open-File Report, OF1-2011.
Maxwell, S.C., Shemeta, J., Campbell, E. and Quirk, D., 2008, Microseismic
deformation rate monitoring: SPE116596.
Maxwell, S.C., 2013, Unintentional seismicity associated with hydraulic
fracturing, CSEG Recorder, Oct 2013, 26-35.
Maxwell, S.C., and C. Szelewski, 2014, CSEG-CGF-MUG Induced Seismicity
Forum report, CSEG Recorder 39, no. 1, 52 – 54.
Figure 3: Crossplot of seismic moment of the largest
seismic event and injected volume for the data plotted in
Figure 2, along with geothermal injections and number
of other published hydraulic fracture examples.
Figure 3 shows a plot of moment magnitude of the largest
events versus injection volume for a series of published
examples of hydraulic fractures (several published examples
too numerous to cite here), including both cases of large
induced seismicity and a number of more typical cases
with magnitudes less than zero. Some of the larger event
October 2014
McGarr, A., 1976, Seismic moments and volume changes: Journal of
Geophysical Research, 81, 1478-1494.
McGarr, A., 2013, Upper-bound seismic moment due to fluid injection into
saturated, seismogenic formation: in preparation. National Research Council, 2012, Induced seismicity potential in energy
technologies: US National Academies of Science report.
Shapiro, S.A., C. Dinske, , C. Langenbruch, and F. Wenzel, , 2010,
Seismogenic index and magnitude probability of earthquakes induced during
reservoir fluid stimulations: The Leading Edge, 29, 304-309.
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-1415.1
Geophysical Society of Houston
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13
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Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
GSH Outreach
Committee Activities - By Lisa Buckner
It’s time to celebrate Earth Science Week, Oct. 12-18!
•
October 11 (11:00 AM – 3:00 PM) - The Family Energy Festival at the Houston Museum of Natural
Science. A number of hands–on geoscience activity booths for museum visitors are organized by the Houston
Geological Society. The passport program is designed to fulfill the requirements for Boy Scouts and Girl
Scouts Geology merit programs.
•
October 18 (11:00 AM – 5:00 PM) - Energy Day (http://energydayfestival.org/) downtown at Sam Houston
Park. It’s a free outdoor general public event for an estimated 20,000 Houston area residents. There will be
about 60+ hands-on activity and information booths related to conventional and alternative types of energy.
•
October 25 (11:00 AM – 4:30 PM) - The Sally Ride Science Festival (http://www.sallyridesciencericefestival.
com/) at Rice University for 1,000 preregistered middle school girls. There will be a Street Fair of activity
booths and classroom presentations representing a wide range of sciences.
G S H OU T RE ACH
Earth Science Week is the second week in October. The 2014 theme is “Earth’s Connected Systems”. If you
involved in the lives of any children in Houston, I encourage you to bring them to one of these events and enjoy a fun
day of learning.
For information about volunteering at the GSH booth for any of these events, see the “Call for Volunteers” elsewhere
in this journal.
Order your FREE “I’m
a geoscientist” lapel
pin from the American
Geosciences Institute
(AGI). The SEG is a
member society of AGI.
http://www.americangeosciences.org//be-a-part
Female STEM
Professionals – Create
your profile and
become a role model
on FabFems http://
www.fabfems.org/ to
help inspire the next generation of female scientists,
technologists, engineers, and mathematicians!
Update – On August 9, 2014, during the personal project presentations for the Girls
interested in Engineering, Mathematics and Science (GEMS) Camp (http://www.
thegemscamp.org), several of the girls mentioned Lisa Buckner when describing a visit
by one of the eight career speakers. The camp organizers awarded Lisa with a certificate
of appreciation at the Graduation & Awards ceremony. The following was published in
the GEMS email newsletter to students & parents along with the photo from her P&S
wave motion coiled toy spring demo.
CAREER: Our career speakers have
been super blingy! Lisa Buckner, a
geophysicist came to talk with girls
about the wonders of geophysics and
geology. She used engaging videos and left the girls with a special
"ah-ha" moment - the importance of reassessing your goals once
you've set dreams for yourself.
Super blingy Lisa Buckner
October 2014
Are you interested in volunteering? Do you know of a school
that has a career day seeking speakers or a career fair at which
GSH might be able to host an exhibit booth? Or have you been
invited to give a classroom presentation at your child’s school?
We can work together to bring awareness to the students and
their educators of the many rewarding and fun careers in the
geosciences. Please contact Lisa Buckner at [email protected] or
713-496-4256.
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
15
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16
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Geoscience Day 2014
Thursday, October 16, 2014
7:00 a.m. to 4:15 p.m.
G E OS CI E N CE DAY 2 0 1 4
An Overview of Geological and Geophysical
Methods for Individuals New to the Industry
See Details
Registration &
Sponsorship Information
at www.gshtx.org
and www.hgs.org
Schlumberger
10001 Richmond Ave.
Houston, Texas, 77042
$110.00 Early Registration
$125.00 After September 16 (Limited to 160 Registrants)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Find out about the life of an oilfield from prospect to retirement
Field acquisition displays
Presentations
Docent-aided displays of “Tools of the Trade”
Gain perspective for discussing projects with a broad audience
Understand what work goes on in areas other than your own
Learn what difficulties and problems must routinely be solved
Presented by Geophysical Society of Houston & Houston Geological Society
Contact: Email: [email protected]
Tel: 281-741-1624
Sponsors: Please visit
www.gshtx.org or www.hgs.org to support this great event!
K-12 Outreach Volunteers Needed
Earth Science Week 2014 Theme: Earth’s Connected Systems
Saturday, October 11, 2014 11:00 AM – 3:00 PM
Annual Family Energy Festival at Houston Museum of Natural Science
http://www.hmns.org or http://www.hgs.org
Shifts: 10:45 am – 1:15 pm, 12:45 pm - 3:15 pm or all day
Saturday, October 18, 2014 11:00 AM – 5:00 PM
Energy Day Festival at Sam Houston Park (downtown)
http://energydayfestival.org/
Shifts: 10:45 am – 2:15 pm, 1:45 pm – 5:15 pm or all day
GSH O UT R E AC H
Please help GSH educate children & families about geophysics and geology through fun and easy hands-on
activities at our exhibit booths. Easy instructions and lunch will be provided for all volunteers.
Saturday, October 25, 2014 11:00 AM – 1:00 PM
Sally Ride Science Festival at Rice University
http://www.sallyridesciencericefestival.com/
Shift: 10:15 am – 1:15 pm
Contact Lisa Buckner at [email protected] or 713-496-4256 to volunteer for a shift or all day at any event.
Come play with us!
October 2014
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
17
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P r o c e S S i n g
i m A g i n g
Tutorial Nuggets
By Mike Graul
temporal sampling. For the forgetful, the main points are repeated.
g(t)
Sampling a continuous function, g(t) …
T U TO R I A L N U G G E T S
At our last encounter we discussed

c(t)
is equivalent to multiplication by c(t) …
Ts
Producing s(t) the sampled data.
s(t)
The
key issue is whether we can recover the original g(t) from the sampled data, s(t). If so, we have
sampled properly. If not, we will be stripped of our stripes and summarily dismissed from the elite corps of
Geophysical Intelligentsia. The charge: Aliasing in the First Degree (C). This sorry state occurs when
the sampling frequency, FS = 1/TS, is too low to adequately describe the full details of the g(t). Too low is
defined as being less than twice as high as the highest frequency in g(t).
Note that the “FHIGH” may not refer to the highest
signal frequency, and may well be noise.
𝑭𝑭𝑺𝑺 > 𝟐𝟐𝑭𝑭𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯
To
understand the logic here we looked at sampling in the frequency domain, recalling the Rules of Time
and Frequency operations given in a series of Journal Tutorial Nuggets, in the Spring of 2014.
G(f)

0
Fhigh
C(f)
•••
-Fs/2
0
The original spectrum, G(f), is repeated endlessly
Fs/2
S(f) = G(f)  C(f)
•••
Fs = 1/T
“Alias”
•••
0
Fs
at intervals
of the sampling frequency , FS, by the process of convolution
with the sampling comb, C(f).
The original is recovered from the sampled data by cutting out
the “alias” spectra with a low pass filter. This is easy to do as
long as the original spectrum, G(f), is separated from the
aliases on either side. This is assured as long as FS > 2FHIGH.
In practice, we actually perform the following,
FHIGH < FS / 2 using a high-cut filter.
••• We do it that way since the War Time help in the field fail to
inform us as to what the highest frequency is, and secondly,
this allows us to first choose the sampling frequency, FS.
Tutorial Nuggets continued on page 20.
October 2014
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
19
Tutorial Nuggets
By Mike Graul
temporal sampling. For the forgetful, the main points are repeated.
g(t)
Sampling a continuous function, g(t) …
T U TO R I A L N U G G E T S
At our last encounter we discussed

c(t)
is equivalent to multiplication by c(t) …
Ts
Producing s(t) the sampled data.
s(t)
The
key issue is whether we can recover the original g(t) from the sampled data, s(t). If so, we have
sampled properly. If not, we will be stripped of our stripes and summarily dismissed from the elite corps of
Geophysical Intelligentsia. The charge: Aliasing in the First Degree (C). This sorry state occurs when
the sampling frequency, FS = 1/TS, is too low to adequately describe the full details of the g(t). Too low is
defined as being less than twice as high as the highest frequency in g(t).
Note that the “FHIGH” may not refer to the highest
signal frequency, and may well be noise.
𝑭𝑭𝑺𝑺 > 𝟐𝟐𝑭𝑭𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯
To
understand the logic here we looked at sampling in the frequency domain, recalling the Rules of Time
and Frequency operations given in a series of Journal Tutorial Nuggets, in the Spring of 2014.
G(f)

0
Fhigh
C(f)
•••
-Fs/2
0
The original spectrum, G(f), is repeated endlessly
Fs/2
S(f) = G(f)  C(f)
•••
Fs = 1/T
“Alias”
•••
0
Fs
at intervals
of the sampling frequency , FS, by the process of convolution
with the sampling comb, C(f).
The original is recovered from the sampled data by cutting out
the “alias” spectra with a low pass filter. This is easy to do as
long as the original spectrum, G(f), is separated from the
aliases on either side. This is assured as long as FS > 2FHIGH.
In practice, we actually perform the following,
FHIGH < FS / 2 using a high-cut filter.
••• We do it that way since the War Time help in the field fail to
inform us as to what the highest frequency is, and secondly,
this allows us to first choose the sampling frequency, FS.
Tutorial Nuggets continued on page 20.
October 2014
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
19
Tutorial Nuggets
Tutorial Nuggets continued from page 19.
Open
T U TO R I A L N U G G E T S
letter to The Nugget Guru from The Thinking Cap
Society: Thanks for the pedantic trip through Old Stuff.
Now can we get to today’s subject, Spatial Sampling?
[N.G.: What ever became of civility and patience?]
The process of spatial sampling and all of its caveats are
exactly analogous to temporal sampling. The Big Difference?
A snap shot of the surface at time, t
Spectrum of original data at time, t
g(x)
G(k)
••••
c(x)


t
•••
••••
-Ks/2
KHIGH
0
Ks/2
S(k) = G(k)  C(k)
Sampled Data: s(x) = g(x)  c(x )
k
C(k)
•••
-Ks
Xs
0
•••
Ks = 1/XS
2Ks
“Aliases”
•••
t
-Ks
0
Ks
2Ks
k
Of course, as the gods of sampling would whimsically have it, the situation depicted above, is not
aliased, as the sampled spectra are well separated, and the original may be extracted rather easily.
Thus, at the moment (t) the ground configuration was captured on film, the spatial frequencies (k) were
low enough that the XS was sufficient (KS > 2KHIGH) for the task. Not a typical result.
g(x; T)
So where do you ever see a set of ripples such as shown above left,
labeled g(x)? An indication is given in the cartoon at the right. If a crosssection is taken through the surface, g(x, t), at time T, the continuous
profile is shown above and labeled g(x; T). This notation means x is the
variable against which the amplitude, g, is plotted. “T” is the time
parameter at which the cross-section was taken. While the cartoon is
actually sampled in x, the trick is to visualize g(t, x) as originally a
continuous surface which ultimately will be sampled in both space (x)
and time (t). Try squinting a little to see the Google map view of the
ridges and valleys – images of seismic waves in time and space.
X
T
On the left is real data, a piece
of a receiver line recording from
a single shot in a 3D survey.
Any x – cross-section will
contain a rich spectrum of
spatial frequencies. Note that
the steeper the dip, the higher
the spatial frequency (k).
g(x, t)
Tutorial Nuggets continued on page 21.
20 Back to Index
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Tutorial Nuggets
Tutorial Nuggets continued from page 20.
OK, back to the issue of aliasing. Below we show the more realistic version of XS (double the width of
g(x)
G(k)
••••
x

c(x)
•••

•••
•••
Could you reconstruct g(x)
from these samples?
0
KHIGH
k
C(k)
Ks/2
Ks
S(k) = G(k)  C(k)
Sampled Data: s(x) = g(x)  c(x )
Zoom on S(k)
-Ks/2
-Ks
Xs
0
•••
“Aliases”
2Ks
•••
•••
x
-Ks
0
Ks
2Ks
T U TO R I A L N U G G E T S
the sampling on the previous page) in which the highest frequency is clearly too high for unambiguous
definition. This situation is expressed by the overlap of the first alias spectra on the left (-) and right (+)
with the original spectrum shown in red.
k
On the left is a zoom on the original spectrum and first
aliases on either side (+/-). The red-green dashed lines show
a particular spatial frequency from the original (red)
spectrum, KO, and the first alias (green), -KA. (Recall that the
-Ks
0 [K0,] [- KA] Ks
negative sign (-) just means a spatial sinusoid is simply
reversed around x = 0. Its phase would be the reverse of the +KA. These two independent frequencies
fall on top of one another and will add together to create a false value for KO in both amplitude, |G(KO)|,
and phase [(KO)]. Note that this distortion extends almost to k = 0 (totally aliased).
OK, Mr Guru, I got the arithmetic, but what does this tragic condition look like?
I will show you, Little One, but I am afraid that the Great
S
X
Truth may elude even you, Precocious Prodigy, unless
we add a dimension to the mix.
T
At
the upper right is a SpatiAliased data set. The average-bear
geophysicist would probably guess the dip of the dominant event string is
down to the right, as indicated by the red line. He would be WRONG!
The original data (before re-sampling) is shown at the lower right (with
a different scale for emphasis). Every other trace was dropped to create
the aliased data above. What is clear dipping down to the left (blue) now
appears to be dipping down to the right. We know this can not be correct
since the source of this ground roll event is shown at the upper right as
S.
What is necessary for comprehension of this phenomenon, depicted in
X-T space, is a look at its transform in F-K space. Toward that goal, your
homework assignment is to review the June 2011 Nuggets on F –K stuff.
Access to such valuable material is granted to all GSH members.
October 2014
Geophysical Society of Houston
After Re-Sampling
Before Re-Sampling
Back to Index
21
22GEOPhysics_OnePageAd.indd
1
Geophysical Society of Houston
October
2014
6/26/2014
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Sponsorship Contact
Alfredo Fernandez
[email protected]
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October 2014
Event Chair
Yoryenys Del Moro
[email protected]
281.943.1729
Geophysical Society of Houston
GSH Event Contact
Karen Blakeman
[email protected]
281.741.1624
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23
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24
Geophysical Society of Houston
RockSolidImages.com/Avatar
October 2014
A Conversation With ...
Hampson and Russell - Part Two
By John Logel and Satinder Chopra
I N T E RVI E W
This is the second half of a 2009
interview with Dan Hampson and Brian
Russell conducted by John Logel and
Satinder Chopra (CSEG RECORDER
Committee). Part one can be found in
the September 2014 issue of the GSH
Journal. From the interview, it is clear
why the CSEG values and recognizes
the contributions of Dan and Brian so
highly. (The following interview was
graciously provided by our sister society,
the Canadian Society of Exploration
Geophysicists. LCL).
At the time you started your company,
AI (Acoustic Impedance) inversion and
AVO analysis were in their infancy
Dan
and were carried out predominantly
by specialist groups; what did you see
changing in the industry that led you to the conclusion
that the mainstream/prospecting geophysicist would
want to do this as a part of day-to-day life?
[Dan]: Honestly, we didn’t foresee the change. We really
just hoped for the best. In a way, our company mission
has been to spread technology beyond the specialist
group. If that had not been acceptable to the market, the
company would not have gone anywhere, and we would
not be having this conversation. I’d like to pretend that
we were capable of predicting the future, but the fact is
we tended to work away on a daily basis, doing what was
fun at the time. We were lucky.
[Brian]: When we first wrote the AVO program, it was on
a 1980’s PC and was intended as a “what if” tool. That
is, it had simple modeling and data analysis capability.
The power came later when we converted it to UNIX on
the Sun Workstation. Strata was also initially developed
on the PC, because we felt that poststack analysis would
be simpler than full pre-stack analysis, and we thought
that AI inversion was the kind of thing that interpreters
would enjoy doing themselves. Again, its power came
with the Sun workstation.
I wanted to go back to the early days of AVO and
ask you both: What was the motivation for you at the
time to study AVO analysis? How successfully have
you used AVO analysis in the projects that you may
have done over the years?
[Brian]: AVO was developed in 1985 while we were
still at Veritas and Strata were developed in 1989, as
Hampson
Brian Russell
Hampson-Russell’s first new module. But to answer your
question, we got into AVO analysis while the method
was still quite new and somewhat marginalized. The
program was started through a consortium of companies
in Calgary.
[Dan]: It was a topic we were interested in, scientifically,
but really didn’t know if the market would accept it. So,
we started a little consortium of companies in Calgary,
and everything just followed from there. I would say, we
would never have predicted that that little program would
be the main source of our work and revenue for the next
20 years.
[Brian]: Yes, we wanted to see if this new technique would
really take off or not. I guess we bet on the right horse!
There was a summer workshop organized in 1992
with the theme: ‘How useful is AVO analysis’. People
had burnt their hands at the time in that many wells
drilled on AVO anomalies proved to be dusters, and so
were skeptical about AVO application; hence the title
given to the workshop. Was it an opportune time to
discuss this and how?
[Brian]: I was at that conference, held in Big Sky,
Montana, and it was probably the best workshop I
have ever attended. It was at Big Sky that I met people
like Chris Ross, John Castagna, and Maurice Gidlow,
who were pioneers in the field of AVO. It was a great
gathering of expertise in the field and it came at exactly
the right time.
[Dan]: During that time we were constantly experiencing
Interview continued on page 26.
October 2014
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
25
Interview continued from page 25.
swings in the general acceptance of AVO. I used to joke
that I could tell the AVO market was in an upswing by
the number of times I was being asked to participate in a
conference on whether it was useful.
The development of the s/w (software) modules in HR
would depend on the particular algorithms/ techniques
that people would like to apply to their data and s/w
can provide a convenient way to implement it. It is
possible that such algorithms/techniques come from
areas of geophysics that do not fascinate you so much?
What do you do in such cases? This question is just to
get your mind on that though you both have been all
over the place.
[Dan]: If I understand the question, you are asking: what
do we do if the useful area just doesn’t interest us? I don’t
really think that has come up in practice. I tend to be
motivated by the market. In other words, I get interested
if the market is interested, and I quickly lose interest if the
market is negative.
[Brian]: It is hard for me to think of any area of geophysics
that does not interest me, having worked in AVO, inversion,
geostatistics, neural networks, and the like. That being
said, I would have to say that I am not an expert in seismic
imaging or in non-seismic methods like EM, so would
certainly look to others for their expertise if we wanted to
implement these techniques.
What changes have you perceived in our industry
over the last 30+ years that you have been around? I
would like you to look back and tell us what comes to
your mind.
[Brian]: I guess the biggest changes have been on the
hardware side, and these changes have definitely benefited
us. When we started, mainframe computers were still
dominant, the PC was seen as a toy, and UNIX computers
like the SUN workstation were still a few years off.
The introduction of the UNIX workstation was huge for
us, as it allowed us to put all of our software into the
hands of interpreters. Also, the development of the PC
as a serious computer spurred all the recent changes in
our software. On the algorithmic side, it has been fun to
participate in the evolution of inversion from post-stack
through to pre-stack, where we can now reliably estimate
P and S-impedance and density. This was only a dream
twenty years ago.
[Dan]: Probably the biggest change that has affected me
personally has been the radical change in the industry
acceptance of inversion. Back in the early 80’s when
I started working on this, I had the general impression
that inversion was viewed as a colored attribute with
questionable validity. Now I find that has completely
changed. People are looking to inversions these days to
provide numerical measurements, which demand a lot
from the data. It’s challenging, but it’s also comforting to
know that I haven’t been wasting my time.
You have both volunteered for professional societies like
CSEG and SEG. Why do you do this? I would like to get
your viewpoint for our readers.
[Brian]: I guess it gets back to something I said earlier, the
pleasure of working alongside fantastic people, and making
lifelong friendships. And also the pleasure of giving back
something to a profession that has been good to us all.
I have been volunteering for almost thirty years and am
still as active as ever. I would encourage all young
geoscientists to get involved with their society, at any
level. Some people enjoy getting involved in technical
programs, others in fun things like the Doodlebug Golf
Tournament, others on executive committees. There is
something for everyone.
[Dan]: For me, my participation in the societies has been
an opportunity to network and make contacts. That is
particularly important for someone who spends a lot of his
time sitting in front of a computer screen. I love the work
I do, but I definitely need to be pulled away from it from
time to time.
Brian, you like teaching and have you taught many
courses. Dan you did not get onto this side so much.
Any particular reason for this?
[Brian]: Actually, I don’t think people realize how much
Dan teaches, since his course work is all done at the
company level, teaching people how to use our software.
I also teach our company courses but in addition have
done a lot of training for CSEG and SEG, so perhaps I
have been more visible. I have always enjoyed teaching
and finding new ways to explain technical concepts, so it
has just gone hand in hand with our development of new
software ideas at Hampson-Russell. I have to say that
without Dan writing all that great software I would have
much less to teach!
[Dan]: I actually do teach quite a few of our courses, just not
as much as Brian. You may be interested to know that Brian
and I both did start as teachers. We were both volunteers
in Africa, teaching high school, with CUSO. That was at
about the same time (the early 70’s), but by coincidence –
we didn’t actually know each other then.
In our current lives, I guess the different amount of teaching
reflects our different personalities. I am most interested in
the part of the teaching that uses the software. This gives
me a very immediate way to tell how people are getting on
with it. It always leads to ideas for improvement.
What other interests do you have?
[Dan]: Outside of work, I lead a pretty quiet life. I read a lot,
mostly history and 19th century novels. I play a little piano.
Interview continued on page 27.
26 Back to Index
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Interview continued from page 26.
I travel quite a bit for pleasure. I have residences in both
Houston and Calgary, and I split my time between them.
downturn (like this one) we are eventually in for one heck
of an upturn!
[Brian]: I am an avid guitar player and collector, but not
quite ready to give up my day job, as anyone who has
seen me perform can attest to! I also like to golf in the
summer and ski in the winter, although my skiing has been
cut way back since my kids left home quite a few years
ago. Perhaps now that my grandchildren have reached
skiing age I will get serious about it again. Elaine and I
have a cabin on Columbia Lake, just south of Fairmont
Hot Springs, so that gets me on the water in my kayak in
the summer.
[Dan]: I find the most rewarding thing is the combination
of business and science. In other words, geophysics allows
me to put real science to work and get real rewards from
the market when it makes a difference. I love the fact that
I can fiddle with algorithms and then get thumbs up (or
down) from the market on whether they are useful. I have
never been satisfied with pure research. I am a tinkerer in
math, and geophysics gives me a perfect opportunity to
do that.
What would be your message for young entrants to
geoscience? What are the most rewarding aspects of
taking up a career in geoscience?
[Brian]: For me, the most rewarding parts of my career
in geophysics have been the great technical challenges,
the variety of methods I have been exposed to, from
pure geology to pure mathematics, the great travel
opportunities, and, as I have already said, the great people
I have worked with and got to know. The downside
is of course the unpredictability of the industry due to
the changing oil price. But this has certainly made life
interesting and I know for sure that every time we see a
October 2014
And finally, what question (which I apparently may have
missed out on) would you ask Brian and Dan, if you
were in my place? And what would be your answer?
[Brian]: I would have asked: if you had it all to do over
again, what would you do differently? And my answer
would be: nothing!
Well said. Brian and Dan, thank you very much for giving
us this opportunity to sit and chat with you. It has been
both a pleasure and honor to be part of this discussion. As
members of the RECORDER Committee, we appreciate it
very much.
[Brian & Dan]: Our pleasure.
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
27
Wavelets - Seismic, Sonar, and Sunshine:
The 2014 UH Geophysics Field Camp at Galveston
U.H. SEG WAVE L E T S
By Alexandre Silva and Robert Stewart
Figure 1: Students and equipment
at boreholes located at the UH La
Marque Geophysical Observatory.
The University of Houston Geophysics
Field Camp came back from its
traditional Montana site to more fully
explore the areas around Houston
this summer 2014. While we sorely
missed the cool mountain air and
vistas of the Beartooth Ranges, we
had the opportunity to combine a land
geophysics program with a marine
Figure 3: Schematic diagrams of survey geometry using the downhole
component (the only such school of
source (A) and the Vibroseis truck (B).
which we know in the US). Proximity
to Houston also helped students’ travel
budgets! As part of the Camp, we undertook a number of surveys at our La Marque Geophysical Observatory (Figure
1), Dickinson Salt Dome, Galveston Harbor, and Brazos River. The nine days of field activity (including GPS, groundpenetrating radar, total station surveying, LIDAR, gravity, magnetics, and sonar) were completed successfully with no
injuries. Whew! We greatly enjoyed staying at the Texas A&M – Galveston facilities (even with some tinges of rivalry).
Figure 2: The UH Vibroseis truck and downhole source used for VSP
acquisition.
We also tested a new downhole seismic
source, at La Marque, to create reverse VSP
and crosswell survey geometries (Figure
2). The La Marque test facility hosts two
shallow wells, approximately 140 m deep
and 19 m apart. The borehole acquisition
geometries, using both types of sources,
are shown in Figure 3. In the case of the
downhole source, we used an array of 24
hydrophones (Figure 3A) in the west well
and a spread of 24 vertical geophones
on the surface to record 12 shots from
the east well. In addition, we employed
an IVI T15000 vibroseis source, with 3C
downhole geophones in the east well, to
Wavelets continued on page 29.
28 Back to Index
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Wavelets continued from page 28.
meters depth (blue dotted line). Full processing of the VSP,
RVSP, and crosswell data is underway. Figure 6 shows a
comparison between P velocities calculated with vibroseis
and downhole sources.
Figure 4: Seismic gathers showing the downhole shots
recorded by the downhole hydrophones (A) and the
surface geophones (B). Blue and yellow boxes highlight
the P and S first arrivals respectively.
We were thrilled this year with the results of our 2014
Geophysics Field Camp. The introduction of a marine
component with sonar and boomer seismic was very popular
with the participants (and instructors) – to be discussed in
a later report. We were also delighted with learnings from
the new downhole source and LIDAR scanning. We would
like to express our appreciation to the SEG Foundation
who supported the School, the Allied Geophysical Lab
who supplied much of the equipment and staff, and the
TAMU-G dining staff who fed us so well! We look forward
to next year’s School scheduled for the Gulf Coast.
record 20 shots given at the midpoint
between the wells (Figure 3B).
Some data examples are shown in
Figure 4. We can see in Figure 4A
the 12 shots given by the downhole
source and recorded by the hydrophone
array. Using first breaks, we calculate
velocities for the P (blue box) and S
waves (yellow box). The velocity for
P wave events varies from 1800m/s Figure 5: Shot records using the downhole (A) and the Vibroseis (B) sources
to 1900m/s, while for S waves there showing a P reflection around 90 m (blue dotted lines).
is more variability - 450 m/s to 700
m/s. In some of the shots, it is possible
to see some reflections mainly for S waves (green lines).
Figure 4B shows the same 12 shots acquired by the
vertical geophones on the surface. We can see the first
arrivals of P wave events with hyperbolic shape (blue box)
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Figure 6: Comparison between P velocities calculated
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October 2014
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Figure 5 displays a comparison between P wave events
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(Figure 5A) and the vibroseis (Figure 5B). Figure 5B
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and after the re-datuming process from time zero to 100ms.
In both data sets, we can see a P reflection around 90
For more information about becoming a Corporate or Individual
Sponsor, please contact the GSH office at 281-741-1624,
or [email protected].
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
29
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Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Sporting Clays on Target!
The 29th Annual Event was held on Saturday, August 23,
2014, one week prior to the Labor Day opening of Dove
Hunting. We had a great turnout of 400 shooters at the
American Shooting Center in George Bush Park.
Participants were treated to an authentic Venezuelan
breakfast of arepas, fajitas for lunch, cake, and lots of
door prizes.
WINNERS!
HOA
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CONGRATULATIONS!
PRE-EVENT CASINO NIGHT at Momentum BMW
October 2014
Geophysical Society of Houston
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31
MYSTERY ITEM
Mystery Item
?
This is a geophysical item...
Do you know what it is?
?
?
?
?
?
This month's answer on page 35.
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32 Back to Index
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Miguel Silva
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October 2014
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Geophysical Society of Houston
33
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34
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
HPAC Auxiliary News
The Houston Petroleum Auxiliary Council
By Donna Parrish, Liaison 281-859-8088
The 2014-2015 year began when Book Club met on
August 4th at the stately home of Anita Weiner. The
book of the day was Kristin Hannah’s Fly Away.
Discussion leader was Donna Parrish. Afterwards, the
group adjourned to The Tasting Bar for great lunch,
lovely wine, and just plain fun visiting. Come join us—
we meet 4 times a year—November, February, May,
and August.
On November 3, 2014 we will meet at the home of
Phyllis Carter and discuss Boys in the Boat by Daniel
James Brown. Janet Steinmetz will lead the discussion.
Our February meeting will be hosted by Marge Shea and
the discussion leader will be Kathi Hilterman. We will
discuss the much anticipated Mrs. Lincoln’s Dressmaker
by Jennifer Chiaverini. Interested? Contact: Mickey
Murrell (281-469-2272) to let her know you are coming.
We’ll be waiting for you. On May 4, 2015 we will meet
with Hostesses Mickey Murrell and Wanda Shaw to
discuss Goldfinch by Donna Tartt. Discussion leader
will be Georgeann Massell. Then next August 3, 2015
The Invention of Wings by Sue Monk Kidd will inspire
us at the home of Joanne Lane. Edie Bishop will be
our guide through this book. You have plenty of time to
read these books. Come out and talk to us about what
you have read. Better than texts, tweets, e-mails, or other
electronic devices. Come to a real, live, old-fashioned,
face-to-face talk and coffee with snacks to socialize with
some wonderful women.
September Kick Off Luncheon was held at Lakeside
Country Club. A large group gathered to hear a plastic
surgeon discuss realistic beauty goals we all might like to
try as we age gracefully.
October 24, 2014 Explorers will go to the George
Bush Library for a special exhibit. This will be followed
by a luncheon at a winery. Perfect time to invite your
Gentleman to attend. Come on Gals; give the guys a
chance to socialize too at an interesting daylong outing.
You know Martha Lou Broussard will be sure to have
snacks and treats on the bus. Thank you Martha Lou.
HPAC
Our HPAC Mission Statement is "to promote and foster social relationships among its members and to assist the
Engineering, Geological, Geophysical, and Land Societies in their various requests.”
SAVE THE DATE – OCTOBER 24
The HPAC Exploring Group will continue its study of
the History of the Offshore Petroleum Industry in our
Fall bus tour. Last April, we toured the Ocean Star
offshore platform rig museum in Galveston. The special
exhibit currently at the George Bush Library in College
Station is about his role in the development of the jackup rig Scorpion during his time as CEO of Zapata Oil and
Gas. The exhibit covers all aspects of the offshore search
for oil, with a special look at the geology and exploration
of the Gulf of Mexico. After lunch we will visit the other
special place in Bryan-College Station – Messina Hof
Winery. After a tour of the facilities and an explanation
of Wine Making we will have the opportunity of sampling
the results. Both places have very nice shops, so we
should not come back empty handed.
We will meet at Memorial Drive Presbyterian Church
at 8:30 and return about 5:45. Reserve your spot on
the bus by sending a check for $34 (entrance fees, tours,
lunch) payable to HPAC via Martha Lou Broussard,
3361 Bellefontaine, Houston, TX 77025 by October
17. Guests are welcome.
Next month the Holidays will be upon us.
The Mystery Item for the October
GSHJ is a
Light Box for a Bamberg
Torsion Balance.
?
?
Mystery Item
?
Mystery Item on page 32.
October 2014
Geophysical Society of Houston
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35
Here’s My Card
Call 281-741-1624
for information!
11 Greenway Plaza
Suite 2010
Houston, Texas 77046
713.457.8100 Tel
[email protected]
www.vandyke-energy.com
Gene Van Dyke
Chairman & CEO
36
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
Geoscience Center News
1790 W. Sam Houston Pkwy. N. (Right on Shadow Wood)
We had a busy summer at the Geoscience Center. Some
of our volunteers (and we always welcome new faces)
were able to sort out some of our older instruments, clean
them up, and begin to learn what specific role they played
in early seismic exploration. This includes amplifiers,
cameras, tuning forks, geophones, and other seismic
recording instruments. We were able to add some of
these instruments to existing displays around Houston.
In August we also held our first Science Teacher
workshop, “The Hunt for Fossil Fuels”, presented by
Janie Schuelke. The attendees earned 4 CPE hours of
credit and learned the art of petroleum exploration by
working in teams to make maps, create a 3-D model
of their mapped structure, and select drilling locations.
They were also given a variety of materials to take back
to their classrooms to share with their students. Two of
the teams are pictured below working on the exercise.
The quarterly Living Legends Doodlebugger Social
event was held in August, and there were a number of
new attendees and first time visitors to the Geoscience
Center who enjoyed looking over some of the older
equipment and visiting with friends. We have added a
few new displays after gathering some needed historical
information from some of our guests and making up
some informational signs. Some of the “Legends” and
spouses who attended are pictured below.
As we have finished incorporating Dr. Sheriff’s donation
of books and periodicals into our library, we have
found that we need a few older issues of the SEG TLE
publication to complete our collection. Please contact
me at the address below if you are interested in donating
some of your TLE collection, or other items.
We have also accepted a few donations of instruments
and an item on loan to the Geoscience Center. These
additions will add to our
collection.
If you would like to visit
the Geoscience Center and
volunteer, or see some of the
items previously mentioned
in the Geoscience Center
News,
or
for
more
information, please contact
me at [email protected] or
at 281-370-3264.
G E OS CI E N CE CE N T ER NEWS
By Bill Gafford
Science Teacher Workshop
GSH Geoscience Center Challenge
This is a new opportunity to support the
GSH Geoscience Center. Longtime GSH
and SEG member Dick Baile has offered to
donate $5000 to the Geoscience Center if
that amount is raised from individuals in the
next 12 months.
Donors will be recognized in our “Friends
of the Geoscience Center” listing near our
entrance. Financial support will continue
to be solicited from companies.
Living Legends Doodlebugger Social
October 2014
The GSH is a 501(C)3 organization.
Donations can be sent to the GSH office
at 14811 St. Mary’s Lane, Suite 204,
Houston, Texas, 77079, with a note that
the donation is for the Geoscience
Center Challenge.
Geophysical Society of Houston
Back to Index
37
D O O D L E B U G G E R D I A RY
Doodlebugger Diary
Ancient History
By Lee Lawyer
You think this depiction of early geophysical efforts is
totally fiction? Well maybe not. In 510 BCE, a worker
in brass used the ringing of a shield to detect Persian
soldiers mining under the city wall of the city of Barca,
which is now the modern town of Al Miej, Libya. In 200
BCE during the Qin Dynasty in China we find the earliest
known use of a compass. It was used for fortune telling.
In 132 CE Zhang Heng, the great Chinese scientist,
invented the “di dong yi”, which was a seismoscope used
to detect earthquake origin and strength. Apparently, it
was a jar two to three meters tall. Smaller versions are
seen in various museums. (This information is taken from
the Geoscience-Geophysical Time Line prepared during
the 75 Anniversary Year by John Stockwell at Colorado
School of Mines). The cartoon’s origin is unknown. If you
know its history, let me know. (LCL)
Please send your anecdotes or stories of geophysical life
and experiences to Lee Lawyer, [email protected]
TENNIS TOURNAMENT
If you would like to add stories to the
Doodlebugger Diary, send them to: Lee Lawyer at
[email protected] or mail them to Box 441449,
Houston, TX 77244-1449
GSH Tennis Tournament
November 21, 2014
Houston Racquet Club
Registerer on-line @gshtx.org
Sponsorships Available!
Contact Russell Jones
832.295.8350
38 Back to Index
Geophysical Society of Houston
October 2014
ENHANCED RESOLUTION FROM LEAST SQUARES RTM (LSRTM)
For more information, contact TGS at:
Tel: +1 713 860 2100
Email: [email protected]
See the energy at TGS.com
© 2014 TGS-NOPEC GEOPHYSICAL COMPANY ASA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
October 2014
Geophysical Society of Houston
39
GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY
OF HOUSTON
Periodical
U.S. Postage
PAID
Houston, Texas
14811 St. Mary’s Lane, Suite 204
Houston, TX 77079
October 2014
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
1
FRIDAY
2
SATURDAY
3
4
Microseismic
SIG
5
6
Technical
Breakfast
Northside
7
8
9
Webinar
12
13
14
DP&ACQ
SIG
19
20
Technical
Luncheon
Westside
21
Technical Dinner
Northside
26
27
15
16
Technical
Breakfast
Westside
Geoscience
Day
22
Technical
Luncheon
Downtown
28
11
Family
Energy
Festival
17
18
Energy
Day
GSH Board
Meeting
23
24
30
31
Next Generation
Geoscience
Computing SIG
29
10
14th Annual
Saltwater
Tournament
25
Sally Ride
Science
Festival
SEG Denver Convention
November 2014
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
1
2
9
3
10
Technical
Breakfast
Northside
DP&ACQ
SIG
4
11
Rock
Physics SIG
Technical
Breakfast
Westside
5
12
6
TopGolf
Social
7
8
14
15
Microseismic
SIG
13
Living Legends
Doodlebugger
GSH Board
Meeting
Webinar
16
17
Technical
Luncheon
Westside
18
Technical Dinner
Northside
23
30
24
25
19
Technical
Luncheon
Downtown
26
Potential
Fields SIG
20
Next Generation
Geoscience
Computing SIG
27
21
22
Tennis
Tournament
28
29
Thanksgiving
office closed
The Geophysical Society of Houston Journal (ISSN 1082-0817) is published monthly except in July and August by the Geophysical Society of Houston, 14811 St. Mary’s Lane, Suite 204, Houston, TX 77079.
Subscription to this publication is included in the membership dues of $40 annually. Periodicals postage paid in Houston, Texas.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Geophysical Society of Houston Journal, 14811 St. Mary’s Lane, Suite 204, Houston, TX 77079.
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