Aijala
Mineral Deposit Report Page 1 OF 18 Geological Survey of Finland 9/30/2015 Aijala Ajosniitty Alternative names: deposit Occurence type: Commodity Rank Total Measure Total Production zinc 1 5,531.74 t 5,531.74 t copper 3 13,320.61 t 13,320.61 t silver 3 11.70 t 11.70 t gold 3 0.58 t 0.58 t lead 3 sulphur 5 12,931.00 t 12,931.00 t Easting EUREF: 298408 Easting YKJ: 3298496 Northing EUREF: 6678483 Northing YKJ: 6681288 Discovery year: 1677 Province: Orijärvi (Zn, Cu, Ag, Pb) District: Aijala (Zn, Cu, Au) Reference: 2,6,25,30,31,35,41 Mineral deposit type Group: Metallogenic deposit Main type: VMS (mixed hydrothermal) Sub type1: Sub type2: Comments: Later deformations remobilised the sulphides and gave the orebodies their present form. References: 2,4,5,9,30 Dimension Expression: NA Area (ha): Form: concordant Dip azim: Shape: irregular Dip: Length (m): 420 Plunge azim: Width (m): 250 Plunge dip: Thickness (m): 12 Orientation method: Depth (m): 1 85 85 NA Total Resource Mineral Deposit Report Geological Survey of Finland Page 2 OF 18 9/30/2015 Holder history Current holder: Years: Holding type: Company Oy SES Finland Ltd Years Holding type NA Outokumpu Oy 1948-1987 NA Suomen Malmi Oy 1945-1948 NA Orijärvi Gruvaktiebolag 1918-1945 NA private enterprise 1600-1900 NA Figures Local geology 2 Comments Mineral Deposit Report Page 3 OF 18 Geological Survey of Finland 9/30/2015 Exploration Activity Outokumpu Oy Years Activity type 1999-2004 detailed geology 1999-2004 1999-2004 Comments: 1999-2004 Geologist Exploration result Arno Warma, Ulla Mäkelä, Jarmo Vesanto regional geochemistry Arno Warma, Ulla Mäkelä, Jarmo Vesanto detailed geophysics Arno Warma, Ulla Mäkelä, Jarmo Vesanto Anomalies by ground magnetic, slingram and IP. core drilling Arno Warma, Ulla Mäkelä, Jarmo Vesanto NA Ref 5,13,18,19,32,33,3 5,36 5,13,18,19,32,33,3 5,36 5 NA NA NA 5,13,18,19,32,33,3 5,36 Geological Survey of Finland Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result 1990-1990 regional geology NA 16,26,27,28,29,37 1990-1990 detailed geophysics A.F. Tigerstedt, Kauko Parras : A.F. Tigerstedt, Kauko Parras : Ref NA 16,26,27,28,29,37 Geologist Exploration result Outokumpu Oy Years Activity type 1958-1959 core drilling Comments: Arno Warma, Ulla Mäkelä, NA Jarmo Vesanto Core drilling (reconnaissance drilling): 19 diamond-drill holes, total 3303 m. Ref 35 Intersections: HoleID: From-To: zinc Length: 2.20 Length: 2.20 Length: 2.20 Length: 2.20 Length: 2.20 6.27 % From-To: lead 3.09 % From-To: copper 0.94 % From-To: gold 5.20 ppm From-To: silver 53.00 ppm Outokumpu Oy Years Activity type 1948-1982 detailed geology 1948-1982 1948-1982 Comments: Geologist Arno Warma, Ulla Mäkelä, Jarmo Vesanto regional geochemistry Arno Warma, Ulla Mäkelä, Jarmo Vesanto detailed geophysics Arno Warma, Ulla Mäkelä, Jarmo Vesanto Anomalies by ground magnetic, slingram and IP. Exploration result NA NA NA Ref 5,13,18,19,32,33,3 5,36 5,13,18,19,32,33,3 5,36 5 Outokumpu Oy Years Activity type Geologist 3 Exploration result Ref Mineral Deposit Report Geological Survey of Finland 1948-1949 Page 4 OF 18 9/30/2015 ore beneficiation tests Arno Warma, Ulla Mäkelä, Jarmo Vesanto NA Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result 1945-1948 1945-1948 detailed geology regional geophysics Heikki Tuominen Heikki Tuominen NA NA Activity type Geologist Exploration result 33 Suomen Malmi Oy Ref 15,17,18,33,34,36 15,17,18,33,34,36 Suomen Malmi Oy Years 1945-1947 Comments: core drilling Heikki Tuominen NA Core drilling (reconnaissance drilling): 32 diamond-drill holes, total 3373 m. Ref 33 Geological Survey of Finland Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref 1930-1930 regional geology NA 16,26,27,28,29,37 1930-1930 detailed geophysics A.F. Tigerstedt, Kauko Parras : A.F. Tigerstedt, Kauko Parras : NA 16,26,27,28,29,37 Geologist Exploration result Orijärvi Gruvaktiebolag Years Activity type 1918-1945 1918-1945 1918-1945 mining pilot detailed geology core drilling NA NA NA Ref 18 18 18 Geological Survey of Finland Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref 1880-1914 regional geology NA 16,26,27,28,29,37 1880-1914 detailed geophysics A.F. Tigerstedt, Kauko Parras : A.F. Tigerstedt, Kauko Parras : NA 16,26,27,28,29,37 Geologist Exploration result private enterprise Years Activity type 1600-1800 detailed geology NA 4 Ref 18,20,39,40 Mineral Deposit Report Geological Survey of Finland Page 5 OF 18 9/30/2015 Resources and Reserves Type: Company: Year: Calc method: Category: Reference: Tonnage: Cutoff: 5 Mineral Deposit Report Geological Survey of Finland Page 6 OF 18 9/30/2015 Figures Regional geology Regional geology Local geology 6 Mineral Deposit Report Geological Survey of Finland Page 7 OF 18 9/30/2015 Regional geology Regional geology Ore composition 7 Mineral Deposit Report Geological Survey of Finland Page 8 OF 18 9/30/2015 Schematic modelling 8 Mineral Deposit Report Page 9 OF 18 Geological Survey of Finland 9/30/2015 Mining Aijala Alternative names: Closed Status: Previous status: 1948 - 1960 Operating years: Years in production: 13 838,747.00 t Total ore mined: References: 2,30,33 Total production: Product Product measure 13,320.61 5,531.74 584.77 11.70 12,931.00 copper zinc gold silver sulphur t t kg t t Other Materials: Material Type Material Measure 94,120.00 t wastes from mineral excavation 9 Mineral Deposit Report Page 10 OF 18 Geological Survey of Finland 9/30/2015 Mining activity Year Ore mined Ore processed Activity type Production Other material 1960 0 t 0 t NA 1959 0 t 0 t NA 1958 35 802 t 35 802 t NA silver 501 kg 1958 35 802 t 35 802 t NA zinc 251 t 1958 35 802 t 35 802 t NA sulphur 176 t 1958 35 802 t 35 802 t NA copper 637 t 1958 35 802 t 35 802 t NA gold 25 kg 1957 73 463 t 73 463 t NA gold 51 kg 1957 73 463 t 73 463 t NA zinc 514 t 1957 73 463 t 73 463 t NA sulphur 743 t 1957 73 463 t 73 463 t NA copper 1 396 t 1957 73 463 t 73 463 t NA silver 1 028 kg 1956 100 581 t 100 581 t NA gold 1956 100 581 t 100 581 t NA zinc 1956 100 581 t 100 581 t NA sulphur 1 756 t 1956 100 581 t 100 581 t NA copper 855 t 1956 100 581 t 100 581 t NA silver 1 408 kg 1955 100 189 t 100 189 t NA silver 1 403 kg 1955 100 189 t 100 189 t NA zinc 701 t 1955 100 189 t 100 189 t NA sulphur 1 749 t 1955 100 189 t 100 189 t NA copper 1 523 t 1955 100 189 t 100 189 t NA gold 1954 122 058 t 122 058 t NA silver 1 709 kg 1954 122 058 t 122 058 t NA zinc 854 t 1954 122 058 t 122 058 t NA sulphur 2 614 t 1954 122 058 t 122 058 t NA copper 1 892 t 1954 122 058 t 122 058 t NA gold 1953 105 953 t 105 953 t NA silver 10 70 kg 704 t 70 kg 85 kg 1 483 kg wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation 520 t 3 328 t 5 750 t 5 750 t 5 750 t 5 750 t 5 750 t 1 982 t 1 982 t 1 982 t 1 982 t 1 982 t 4 219 t 4 219 t 4 219 t 4 219 t 4 219 t 5 580 t 5 580 t 5 580 t 5 580 t 5 580 t 9 077 t 9 077 t 9 077 t 9 077 t 9 077 t 13 092 t Mineral Deposit Report Page 11 OF 18 Geological Survey of Finland 9/30/2015 1953 105 953 t 105 953 t NA zinc 1953 105 953 t 105 953 t NA sulphur 2 081 t 1953 105 953 t 105 953 t NA copper 1 791 t 1953 105 953 t 105 953 t NA gold 1952 96 266 t 96 266 t NA silver 1 348 kg 1952 96 266 t 96 266 t NA zinc 674 t 1952 96 266 t 96 266 t NA sulphur 1 540 t 1952 96 266 t 96 266 t NA copper 1 502 t 1952 96 266 t 96 266 t NA gold 1951 84 701 t 84 701 t NA silver 1 186 kg 1951 84 701 t 84 701 t NA zinc 601 t 1951 84 701 t 84 701 t NA sulphur 1 176 t 1951 84 701 t 84 701 t NA copper 1 550 t 1951 84 701 t 84 701 t NA gold 59 kg 1950 81 413 t 81 413 t NA gold 57 kg 1950 81 413 t 81 413 t NA zinc 1950 81 413 t 81 413 t NA sulphur 1 095 t 1950 81 413 t 81 413 t NA copper 1 433 t 1950 81 413 t 81 413 t NA silver 1 140 kg 1949 38 321 t 35 027 t NA gold 1949 38 321 t 35 027 t NA zinc 140 t 1949 38 321 t 35 027 t NA copper 743 t 1949 38 321 t 35 027 t NA silver 490 kg 1948 0 t 0 t NA Figures Petrophysics 11 742 t 74 kg 67 kg 350 t 25 kg wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation wastes from mineral excavation 13 092 t 13 092 t 13 092 t 13 092 t 15 316 t 15 316 t 15 316 t 15 316 t 15 316 t 6 993 t 6 993 t 6 993 t 6 993 t 6 993 t 5 786 t 5 786 t 5 786 t 5 786 t 5 786 t 14 289 t 14 289 t 14 289 t 14 289 t 8 188 t Mineral Deposit Report Page 12 OF 18 Geological Survey of Finland 9/30/2015 Geology Host rock : Felsic volcanic rock, Skarn Felsic volcanic rock (Host rock) Rock Type: Volcanic rock Proportion: major Grain size: NA Color: NA References: 1,2,5,7,9,10,11,12,14,16,20,22,23,26,29,30,38,42 Comments: Main ore types are breccia (the most important), massive vein-like pyrite and polymetallic disseminated ore. The deposit is located close to contact between felsic and intermediate to mafic volcanic units. Other Minerals: Proportion: Quartz present Cordierite present Anthophyllite present Diopside present Chlorite present Tremolite present Mineral texture: Ore Minerals: Proportion: Mineral texture: Sphalerite major Dissemination, Breccia Galena major Dissemination, Breccia Pyrite major Massive, Breccia, Dissemination Chalcopyrite major Breccia, Dissemination Pyrrhotite major Breccia, Dissemination Arsenopyrite minor Covellite minor Bornite minor Cubanite minor Tetrahedrite minor Magnetite minor Silver minor Meneghinite minor Jamesonite minor Boulangerite minor Structures: Volcanic breccia Breccia Veined Alteration: Distribution: Degree: Relation to mineralization: sericitic alteration Comments: Pervasive NA NA The total extent of alteration is along strike 3 km and laterally 80-400 m. 12 Mineral Deposit Report Page 13 OF 18 Geological Survey of Finland 9/30/2015 Metamorphic description: Type: Facies: Regional Comments: Relation to Grade: mineralization: NA Min P- Max P (kbar) 3.00 Min T- Max T (°C) amphibolite medium 5.80 metamorphic metamorphic facies grade Peaked at mid-amphibolite facies during or slightly before the D3 peak; this was followed by partial retrograde metamorphism at greenschist facies, below the biotite isograd, close to and within the D4 axial planes, shear zones and faults; Quartz-plagioclase-microcline-biotite-muscovite ± hornblende. 600 Geological age: Geological era: Paleoproterozoic (2500-1600 Ma) Max age - Min age (Ma) 1894 1891 Radiometric age: Method: U-Pb U-Pb Inferred age (Ma) 1893 Age of mineralization Y Age (Ma) Error (Ma) 1894 1891 11 13 Mineral Zircon Zircon Skarn (Host rock) Rock Type: Metasomatic or hydrotermal rock Proportion: minor Grain size: NA Color: NA References: 1,2,4,5,7,8,9,10,12,21,22,23,30,37 Metamorphic description: Type: Regional Comments: Facies: Grade: Relation to mineralization: NA Min P- Max P (kbar) 3.00 Min T- Max T (°C) amphibolite medium 5.80 metamorphic metamorphic facies grade Peaked at mid-amphibolite facies during or slightly before the D3 peak; this was followed by partial retrograde metamorphism at greenschist facies, below the biotite isograd, close to and within the D4 axial planes, shear zones and faults; Hedenbergite-andradite ± titanite, epidote, calcite. 13 600 Mineral Deposit Report Geological Survey of Finland Page 14 OF 18 9/30/2015 Geological age: Geological era: Paleoproterozoic (2500-1600 Ma) Max age - Min age (Ma) 1930 1870 Inferred age (Ma) Age of mineralization N Figures 14 Mineral Deposit Report Geological Survey of Finland Page 15 OF 18 References 15 9/30/2015 Mineral Deposit Report Geological Survey of Finland Page 16 OF 18 9/30/2015 1 Törnroos, R. 1982. Sphalerite geobarometry of some metamorphosed sulphide ore deposits in Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 323. 42 p. http://tupa.gtk.fi/julkaisu/bulletin/bt_323.pdf 2 Papunen, H. (ed.) 1990. Sinkkiprojektin loppuraportti. University of Turku, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Publication 22. 143 p. (in Finnish) 3 Väisänen, M. 2001. Tectonic evolution of the Svecofennian Orogen in SW Finland: structural, petrological and U-Pb zircon dating (SIMS) constraints. Unpublished licentiate thesis. Department of Geology, University of Turku. Four separately paginated parts. 4 Väisänen, M., Mänttäri, I. & Hölttä, P. 2002. Svecofennian magmatic and metamorphic evolution in southwestern Finland as revealed by U-Pb zircon SIMS geochronology. Precambrian research 116, 111-127. 5 Mäkelä, U. 1989. Geological and geochemical environments of Precambrian sulphide deposits in southwestern Finland. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae. Series A. III. Geologica-Geographica 151. 102 p. 6 Van Staal, C.R. & Williams, P.F. 1983. Evolution of a Svecofennian-mantled gneiss dome in SW Finland, with evidence for thrusting. Precambrian Research 21, 101-128. 7 Kilpeläinen, T. & Rastas, J. 1990 Etelä-Suomen leptiittijakson tektonis-metamorfisesta kehityksestä. University of Turku, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Publication 21. 37 p. (in Finnish) 8 Väisänen, M. 1988. Geology of the Orijärvi-Aijala area. In: Gaal, G. and Gorbatschev, R. (eds.) Tectonic Setting of Proterozoic Volcanism and Associated Ore Deposits. IGCP Field Conference in Sweden and Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Guide 22, 81-86. http://tupa.gtk.fi/julkaisu/opas/op_022_pages_081_086.pdf 9 Colley H. & Westra, L. 1987. The volcano-tectonic setting and mineralisation of the early Proterozoic Kemiö-Orijärvi-Lohja belt, SW Finland. In: T.C. Pharaoh, R.D. Beckinsale & D. Rickard (eds) Geochemistry and Mineralisations of Proterozoic Volcanic Suites. Oxford: Blackwell. 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International Ophiolite Symposium and Field Excursion, 10-15.8.1998 Oulu, Finland. Abstracts. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 26, p. 62. http://tupa.gtk.fi/julkaisu/specialpaper/sp_026.pdf 24 Huhma, H. 1986. Sm-Nd, U-Pb and Pb-Pb isotopic evidence for the origin of the Early Proterozoic Svecokarelian crust in Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 337. 48 p. http://tupa.gtk.fi/julkaisu/bulletin/bt_337.pdf 25 Weihed, P., Arndt, N., Billström, C., Duchesne, J.C, Eilu, P., Martinsson, O., Papunen, H. and Lahtinen R. 2005. Precambrian geodynamics and ore formation: the Fennoscandian Shield. Ore Geology Reviews 27, 273-322. 26 Tigerstedt, A.F. 1889. Magnetiska Mätningar och Diamantborrningar vid Orijärvi Grufvefält år 1889. Geological Survey of Finland, Report Dc N:o 71. 19 p. (in Swedish) http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/arkisto/dc_71.pdf 27 Tigerstedt, A.F. 1890. Om de geologiska förhållandena kring Orijärvi grufvefält. 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Outokumpu Oy Exploration, Report 001/2014/MH, UL/1975. 23 p. (in Finnish) 33 Warma, A. 1975. Outokumpu Oy:n Aijalan ja Metsämontun kaivosten vaiheita. Vuoriteollisuus 33 (2), 94-98. (in Finnish) 34 Warma, A. 1954. The copper-zinc-lead ore deposit of Orijärvi. In: Aurola, E. (ed.) The Mines and Quarries of Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Geoteknillisiä julkaisuja 55, 17-19. http://tupa.gtk.fi/julkaisu/geoteknillinen/gt_s_055_pages_017_019.pdf 35 Warma, A. 1959. Aijalan ja Metsämontun tähänastiset tutkimukset. Outokumpu Oy Report 10.11.1959. 4 p. (in Finnish) 17 Mineral Deposit Report Geological Survey of Finland Page 18 OF 18 9/30/2015 36 Lukkarinen, H. 1979. Aijalan ja Metsämontun liuskeista. Unpublished MSc thesis. Department of Geology, University of Turku. 89 p. (in Finnish) 37 Koistinen, T. 1991. Tammisaari. Geological Map of Finland 1:100000: temporary map. Pre-Quaternary Rocks, Sheet 2014. 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