1. business and industrial

UNIT 3
1
GETTING READY
Task I
Fill in the blanks with the occupation nouns provided based on the
audio. Change the forms of the words if necessary.
professional
athlete
architect
LET THEM DREAM!
Though today’s society pressures young people to
nail technician
immediately select a career, it sometimes takes time to decide
interior designer
what your real aspirations are. For example, while Brad Pitt
comedian
attended college to be a news 1 ___________,
he is now a
correspondent
correspondent
vet
millionaire movie star. Although Serena Williams has a
athlete
successful career as a(n) professional
2 ___________,
she is also
novelist
studying to become a certified 3 ___________.
nail technician Playing
chef
Australian football used to be Curtis Stone’s ultimate goal, but
surgeon
currently he is a celebrity 4 ___________.
chef
2
GETTING READY
Task I
Fill in the blanks with the occupation nouns provided based on the
audio. Change the forms of the words if necessary.
professional
athlete
architect
nail technician
interior designer
comedian
And Jim Carrey is widely regarded as one of the foremost
5 ___________
comedians in Hollywood. He didn’t always want to
pursue a career in acting, however. He actually yearned to
work as a(n) 6 ___________.
vet
These examples demonstrate that everyone should be
correspondent
allowed the opportunity to take their time making career
vet
choices. Who knows? They might accomplish more than they
novelist
ever dreamed!
chef
surgeon
3
GETTING READY
Audio Transcripts:
Thank you for inviting me to speak. Let me first congratulate this year’s
graduating class! (applause) I know that you all have aspirations regarding your
future careers. I’m here to tell you about what could happen even if you don’t
secure your dream job. Take Brad Pitt, for example. He studied journalism in
college. Instead of news reporting, however, he became one of Hollywood’s A-list
actors. Other celebrities have similar stories. Curtis Stone, host of The Learning
Channel’s Take Home Chef, yearned to play in the Australian Football League
when he was growing up—until his mother taught him how to cook. When Jim
Carrey was a kid, he wanted to make a living by lessening animals’ pain. Now
he’s starred in many successful comedies instead. Serena Williams has won two
Olympic gold medals in women’s doubles, but being the world’s best tennis
player isn’t her ultimate dream. She longs to work in a nail salon. She is even
taking classes so that she can get certified to give manicures. So remember,
graduates, while your original dreams may not work out, something better could
come your way!
4
GETTING READY
Task II
Use the words provided to write four job ads. Be creative!
Here at Happy Pets Clinic, we love
our furry friends! We are seeking
an animal surgeon who cares
about animals as much as we do.
The applicant must have at least
ten years of experience performing operations.
Those interested should submit a résumé to our head vet, Robert Peterson,
at [email protected].
5
GETTING READY
Task II
Use the words provided to write four job ads. Be creative!
Does gossip give you a thrill? Are
you good at finding out secrets?
Then join our staff as an
entertainment news columnist!
A journalism degree is required. No prior experience necessary.
Contact Clint at 4516-7822 and tell him why you’re qualified for this job!
6
GETTING READY
Task II
Use the words provided to write four job ads. Be creative!
Suzie’s Salon is looking to hire a
certified nail technician. We offer
our clients many types of
manicures and foot massages.
You must be outgoing and should
have creative nail design ideas.
Call Nancy @ 09-4580-0034.
7
GETTING READY
Task II
Use the words provided to write four job ads. Be creative!
Star Lite Lounge is now employing
comedians to perform in their
weekend comedy show!
Customers come expecting to
hear plenty of hysterical jokes. If
you are friendly and amusing,
send Tim a demo today!
Tim: 09-4295-7782
[email protected]
8
VOCABULARY DRILL
A. Listen Up
Take the quiz. Then use the chart to determine your personality type.
1.
At school, you have to follow a rigid schedule. This makes you feel:
A
B
C
annoyed. You like to work at your own pace.
bothered. You have a party to go to!
relaxed. You feel at ease when there’s a plan.
2.
In basketball, you like:
A
B
C
trying different positions. You can help your team from anywhere on
the floor!
playing the shooting guard. You get excited by scoring points.
being a cheerleader. You love cheering on the home team.
3.
You flunked a test. Your response is to:
A
B
C
study harder. You are confident that you can improve.
blow it off. It’s just a little test after all.
feel guilty. You disappointed your parents.
9
VOCABULARY DRILL
A. Listen Up
Take the quiz. Then use the chart to determine your personality type.
What’s your type?
If you answered mostly a, you are a go-getter. You are motivated to accomplish
big goals. You are competitive, but you can also be flexible. You’d make an ideal
entrepreneur.
If you answered mostly b, you are a socializer. You are energetic and love
being in the spotlight. You have a fun personality and the potential to be an
exceptional salesperson.
If you answered mostly c, you are a duty-fulfiller. You stick to rules and dislike
taking risks. Loyalty and dependability are your best qualities. Being a clerk could
be a good fit.
Don’t worry if you have different answers. Everyone is a unique blend!
Listen and decide what kind of personality
duty-fulfiller
type Lucy has.____________
10
VOCABULARY DRILL
Audio Transcripts:
Dr. Abbie: Lucy, welcome!
Lucy:
Thanks, doctor. I’m here to discuss my personality. I’m graduating
soon, and my teacher advised that knowing more about myself would
help me choose a rewarding career.
Dr. Abbie: She is very insightful. It will also be useful for your daily activities and
social interactions. So, describe yourself.
Lucy:
I enjoy knitting. Following the different patterns soothes me. I usually
give my creations to my family.
Dr. Abbie: OK. Tell me about your relationships with your friends.
Lucy:
I try to be accessible to them. Whenever they need a favor, I’m there.
Dr. Abbie: How about your values and ideal job?
Lucy:
Honesty and integrity are qualities that are important to me. I’m not
sure what my dream career is, but I prefer to work in an office
environment that isn’t too stressful. Job security is also a factor—I
don’t want to work for a struggling company that might go bankrupt.
Dr. Abbie: This is all interesting. I’m glad you came in.
11
VOCABULARY DRILL
B. Word Focus: Personality
Draw a line from each description on the right to the correct
personality type.
go-getter
• supportive of others
• finds adventure intriguing
• possesses excellent communication skills
socializer
• driven to succeed
• strives to elicit attention
duty-fulfiller
• irritated by disloyalty
12
VOCABULARY DRILL
C. Speak Out Loud
Interview another classmate by asking the questions below. Report
the results to the class.
Could you become a millionaire?
Find out if your personality is similar to those of highly successful people!
1
Do you value integrity? Is it crucial that others consider you dependable?
2
Are you a good leader? Can you make insightful decisions quickly?
3
Would you say you are a competitive person? Is winning important to you?
4
Are your family and friends supportive of your aspirations?
5
How are your people skills? Can you keep your colleagues motivated?
6
How strong is your enthusiasm for constant self-improvement?
13
CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW
A. Complete the Sentences
Fill in the blanks with words from the conversation. Use the hints to
help you.
1. After competing and losing several times, she realized she didn’t have a(n)
aptitude
___________
for running hurdles. (natural ability)
slot
2. Would you like to see Dr. Rosenthal on next Wednesday? A(n) ___________
just opened up due to a cancellation. (period of time)
3. Students were outraged when they were informed of the unexpected increase in
tuition
___________.
(fees)
discomfort in his legs ever since the car accident. (pain)
4. Ted has been feeling ___________
aspiration to play professionally, he
5. When Perry notified his coach of his ___________
was advised to practice more. (ambition)
dashed
6. Peter’s hopes were ___________
when his application for a mortgage loan was
denied. (destroy)
14
CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW
B. Understand from the Context
Match the sentence with its meaning.
Sentence
Paraphrase
c
_____
1. You feel like the sky is the
a. I’m afraid that I will fail.
limit when you’re young, but
b. Since you love entertaining others,
you have to be down-to-earth
you must work hard to make it your
when you’re an adult.
career.
a
_____
2. I’m concerned I’ll fall flat on
c. Things seem attainable before you
my face.
grow up, but then you have to
d 3. You tell some hysterical jokes.
_____
become more realistic.
b 4. If you are passionate about
_____
d. Your sense of humor causes
comedy, you should just go all
amusement for others.
out!
e. I’m not being decisive; I’m still
e
_____
5. I’m kind of on the fence.
thinking about my options.
15
CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW
C. Make Inferences
Check the appropriate inferences and write the sentences that
support your answers.
Inference
Clue from the Text
□

1. Tina hasn’t come to a conclusion
concerning her career path.
I was planning to be a surgeon, but
nothing is set in stone.
□

2. It can take many years to repay
student loans.
I’m not interested in being in debt
forever.
□

3. Tina has confidence in Jimmy’s
aptitude for his ideal job.
You tell some hysterical jokes.
□
4. Having sufficient enthusiasm for
work will surely guarantee success.
□

5. Don’t let fears of failure hinder you
from following your dreams.
If you are passionate about
comedy, you should just go all out!
□

6. Tina would be displeased if her job
didn’t require much thinking.
I yearn to do something academic
and intellectual.
16
EXPRESSION PLAZA
A. Expressing Certainty
Certain
Uncertain
• (something) be set in stone
• (something) be a done deal
• (something) be nailed down
• (someone) be on the fence
• (something) be up in the air
• (something) be a toss-up (between . . .)
Rewrite the sentences in bold with the expressions above.
1. A: Have you decided which dress you want to purchase for the party?
B: I bought the red one yesterday, so my decision has been made.
I bought the red one yesterday, so it’s a done deal.
→_______________________________________________________________
2. A: What has been confirmed for the banquet next week?
B: It beats me. The plans are still not settled.
The plans are still up in the air.
→_______________________________________________________________
17
EXPRESSION PLAZA
B. Talking About Opportunities and Disappointments
Hopeful
Disappointed
• the sky is the limit
• the world is (one’s) oyster
• have a rosy future
• (one’s) hopes are dashed
• get / have a reality check
• be let down (by . . .)
Fill in the expressions that fit best.
1. My parents are always encouraging me to follow my dreams. They reassure me
the sky is the limit / the world is my oyster / I have a rosy future
that _____________________.
2. I was extremely _____________________
when I learned that I wasn’t
let down
accepted for the internship.
18
EXPRESSION PLAZA
C. Discussing Goals and Dreams
Trying Hard
Not Achieving
• go all out
• take great pains to do (something)
• pull out all the stops
• fall flat on (one’s) face
• drop the ball
• blow (one’s) chance
Pair up with a classmate and practice responding to the following statements by
giving words of encouragement. Use the expressions above.
1. I’m going to fall flat on my face during the tennis match.
1. What are you talking about? If you take great pains to practice, you’ll win the
game for sure.
2. I’m afraid that I am going to drop the ball on this science presentation.
2. You will be spectacular as usual. You always pull out all the stops.
3.
Rick thinks that he blew his chance during the job interview.
3.
He should relax. I’m sure he went all out and impressed the interviewer.
19
EXPRESSION PRACTICE
A. True, False, or Unknown
Listen and select if the statements are true, false, or unknown.
1. T □ F □ U □
 The duration of the trip will be one week.
2. T □
 F □ U □ This year’s company outing will be held at the Grand Canyon.
3. T □ F □ U □
 They will be checking into a four-star resort near their
destination.
4. T □
 F □ U □ Heather prefers accommodation with great comfort.
5. T □ F □
 U □ The employees will need to make arrangements for sightseeing
activities.
6. T □ F □
 U □ The company has decided on how much they can spend on
transportation.
20
EXPRESSION PRACTICE
Audio Transcripts:
Heather: Hello, Melody. How are the plans for our company trip coming?
Melody: Many of the details are up in the air, including how long the trip should
be.
Heather: What about the destination? Is the Grand Canyon plan set in stone yet?
Melody: Yes, but the lodging arrangements are a toss-up between a four-star
hotel and a cabin.
Heather: I personally prefer a hotel to a cabin. Most cabins I’ve stayed in are
gross. Will we hire someone to show us around?
Melody: Yes, we will. That’s a done deal, as I’ve already hired a tour guide. We
don’t want anyone wandering off and getting devoured by a bear.
Heather: Well, I won’t be getting lost in the woods. Have we decided on how we
are getting there?
Melody: We’re still on the fence about that. The people in accounting are nailing
down the financial details. Last year’s trip was under budget, so we
may be allowed to apply the surplus to this year’s trip. Then we could
fly everyone there.
Heather: That would be fantastic!
21
EXPRESSION PRACTICE
B. Finish the Letter
Fill in the blanks with words or expressions from the audio.
Dear Graduating Class,
I appreciate your 1.participation
_________ in last week’s job fair. As you know, the
economy has been struggling lately. Bear this in mind and
2. _________
let down
stay 3.down-to-earth
__________ when looking for work so you don’t get 4. _________________.
a harsh reality check when you are trying to secure a job.
You will possibly have 5. _________________
This is especially true with a position that provides you with a large salary and
a rosy future
qualifications
6. _________________.
My advice is to be diligent in utilizing your 7. __________
is your oyster
and keep reminding yourself that the world 8. ______________.
Good luck with your career hunt!
Sincerely,
Roland Taylor
Career Services
22
EXPRESSION PRACTICE
Audio Transcripts:
Thank you for your participation in today’s employment fair. As a career
counselor, I often get asked for advice on navigating the job market. Let me start
by saying that the world is your oyster. Diligent workers with good
qualifications will have a rosy future. Despite this, it is of enormous importance
to be down-to-earth during your search. The economy’s current state is
alarming, and it could be a long while before it makes a comeback. Until then,
recent graduates will get a harsh reality check when they discover their only
extras are medical and dental insurance. Additionally, those new to the workplace
will come to realize that they must work an average of nine hours more each
week than their senior coworkers. And with just seven days of annual leave,
one’s hopes of a lengthy trip to Hawaii will be quickly dashed. However, dreams
can come true! Although some of you might be let down, many of you will find
that the sky’s the limit.
23
EXPRESSION PRACTICE
C. Complete the Report
Finish the chart with words or expressions you hear. There may be
more than one possible answer.
Newcastle College Football Tryouts Report
Andy seems to be very determined, but his size puts him at a
disadvantage against other players. He’ll definitely
significant 1. ___________
go all out
have to 2. ________________
now. I hope he will
persevere in his efforts this year.
3. ___________
Tom made the team last year, but I’m afraid he might
drop the ball
4. __________________
this season if he doesn’t take the
scholarship he
tryouts seriously. If he plans on keeping his 5. ___________,
pull out all the stops
will have to 6. __________________.
I would hate for Billy to 7. __________________
of playing
blow his chance
professionally because of a sprained ankle. He has always
taken great pains
8. __________________
to achieve his personal best in the past,
so I’m not too concerned about his resolution.
24
EXPRESSION PRACTICE
Audio Transcripts:
Dialogue 1
Coach Jones: Andy, you aren’t as bulky as the rest of these guys, so you are at
a disadvantage. If you want to make the team, you’ll need to try
your hardest.
Andy:
I understand, coach.
Coach Jones: You’re not going to get anywhere if you perform like last year. If
you want to impress me, you must persevere in spite of your size.
Andy:
Don’t worry! I won’t fall flat on my face this time.
25
EXPRESSION PRACTICE
Audio Transcripts:
Dialogue 2
Tommy:
It’s been ages since I saw you, coach!
Coach Jones: Stop kidding around, Tommy. I saw you two days ago. Now listen
up. Just because you made the team last year doesn’t mean you
won’t drop the ball now. You need to have a resolute attitude
toward these tryouts.
Tommy:
I will go all out. I practiced every day this summer!
Coach Jones: I hope so. Don’t risk losing that scholarship by taking your talent
for granted. You still have to pull out all the stops.
26
EXPRESSION PRACTICE
Audio Transcripts:
Dialogue 3
Coach Jones: How is your twisted ankle, Billy?
Billy:
It’s almost at 100 percent. I’m taking pain medicine, but the doctor
said there won’t be any side effects.
Coach Jones: I don’t want you to blow your chance of becoming a professional
by not letting your ankle heal fully.
Billy:
I will absolutely take great pains to pass the tryouts. I won’t let
this injury deter me.
Coach Jones: I have faith in you, Billy. Just be careful to take care of that leg of
yours.
27
GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
Future in the Past
We normally use the future in the past to talk about something we thought was
going to happen. Remember that it is not important whether or not it does
actually happen.
Form
Usage
Example
would + V.
to offer or promise, to predict
something
• He promised he would
drive me to the airport.
was / were
going to + V.
to plan or predict something
• She was going to be an ER
nurse and ended up as a
housewife.
was / were +
V-ing
to talk about a future situation in
the past
• I was planning to be a
surgeon, but the enormous
tuition costs dashed my
hopes.
was / were +
about to + V.
to explain that something almost • They stopped by my house
happens when something else
just as I was about to leave
(unexpectedly) happens
for work.
28
GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
Future in the Past
We normally use the future in the past to talk about something we thought was
going to happen. Remember that it is not important whether or not it does
actually happen.
Usage Note
As with other future forms, the future in the past is not used in
clauses starting with time expressions such as before, by the time, as
soon as, or when. In such cases, use the simple past.
Example:
• Dana already told Selma that when she arrived [would arrive], we
would go to the amusement park.
29
GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
Perfect Modals
We often use the following structure to express the degree of certainty about
past events: modal + have + past participle.
Perfect Modal
Usage
Example
must have + past
participle
fairly certain something
happened
• Ted didn’t look well this
morning. He must have
caught a cold.
may / might / could
have + past participle
not certain if something
happened
• Eddie hasn’t gotten here yet.
He may / might / could have
missed the train.
should have + past
participle
needed to do something
but did not
• I should have enrolled in that
career workshop to get
inspiration.
would have + past
participle
planned to do something
but did not
• I would have signed up for
that, but I had basketball
practice.
30
GRAMMAR WORKOUT
A. Complete the Sentences
Fill in the correct forms of the words. Some blanks may have more
than one possible answer.
was going to fly
1. Betty _________________
(fly) to Manila yesterday, but her flight was
overbooked.
may / might /
could have gone (go) on a
2. I haven’t seen my neighbor for a while. He _________________
vacation abroad. would have /
would have had
3. I thought they _________________
(have) fun at the party, but they said it was
disastrous.
must have forgotten (forget) to bring her ID because they won’t let her
4. Molly _________________
into the disco.
should have studied (study) harder for the exam. That way, I
5. I _________________
wouldn’t
have flunked (not flunk) it.
_________________
was about to pay (pay) the bill when he realized that his wallet was
6. Nelson _________________
missing. He _________________
(put) it in his front pocket.
should have put
31
GRAMMAR WORKOUT
B. Match
Match the statement with the most appropriate response.
1. Where did you put my glasses and
keys, Kristen? _____
d
a. I absolutely agree. We should have
used a more cheerful color.
2. We shouldn’t have painted the wall
a
gray. It looks so dreary. _____
b. That’s thoughtful of you. She must
have really appreciated that.
3. Where’s Danny? He was going to
help me with my math assignment.
e
_____
c. I would have cleaned up, but you’re
here early. I was just about to
vacuum the floor.
4. I was going to play table tennis, but I
b
had to babysit my sister’s kid. _____
d. Let me think. I may have left them on
the dining room table.
5. The place is in utter chaos. Don’t you
c
ever tidy up? _____
e. I haven’t got the faintest idea. I
haven’t seen him all day.
32
GRAMMAR WORKOUT
C. Complete the Passage
Finish the passage using the correct tenses. Some blanks may have
more than one possible answer.
Computer Age Magazine
Each week, tech expert Doug de Nimes answers your questions in Ask Doug . . .
With the new iPhone coming out, you’re probably considering selling your old
model. Chances are you spent a fortune on it and would like to get some money
shouldn’t have paid (not pay) so much for it. Well,
back. You think that you 1. _________________
don’t worry. Apple products normally have a considerably higher resale value than
those of other brands, even if they are secondhand. A year ago, I was going to sell /
was about to sell / was selling
2. _________________ (sell) my iPhone 2 to a used electronics store. A friend
would have gotten
recommended that I try an online auction site instead. I 3. _________________
(get) NT$3,000 from the shop. In the end, I earned double that sum by selling it on
could have made (make) even more. So remember:
Yahoo!, and I believe I 4. _________________
your old iPhone does have monetary worth. If you haven’t been able to sell it, you
must not have tried (not try) hard enough.
5. _________________
33
READING─PRE-READING TASK
Scan the article below. Match the numbers with the things they refer to.
1. 50
d
a. The age that Hannah set up a charity organization
2. 14
c
b. The age that Hannah met someone in need
3. 5
b
c. The age of Suhas when he started his own business
4. 400
e
d. The millions of dollars ModCloth is worth
5. 8
a
e. The number of employees at Globals Inc.
34
READING
It may come as a surprise, but many of the world’s leading
businesses were established by people under the age of 30. Google,
Facebook, and Microsoft, among others, were all set up by college
students, and today these companies dominate their respective
industries. For those of you who have the makings of a young
entrepreneur, read on for inspiration.
p.42
35
READING
Susan Gregg Koger has always had a passion for unique clothes
and good deals. As a college freshman, she and her boyfriend sold
vintage clothing they found at thrift stores through an online shop
they created. Although the site was useful for extra income, they
knew that if this hobby was going to be a full-time job, they would
have to expand. They began purchasing clothing from independent
designers to carry along with their vintage findings. Today, ModCloth
has over 200 employees, and the company is valued at more than
$50 million!
p.42
36
READING
After teaching himself the ins and outs of programming software
and building websites, Suhas Gopinath opened his IT consultancy
company, Globals Inc., at the age of 14. Using his shrewd business
sense, Suhas registered his business as a corporation and thus
became the world’s youngest CEO. Now, Globals Inc. has offices in
several countries and employs more than 400 people. Even though
he could have sold the company for hundreds of millions of dollars,
Suhas prefers to continue leading his own enterprise.
p.42
37
READING
At five years old, Hannah Taylor saw her first homeless person.
She was strongly affected by the realization that some people have
nothing and decided that she would assist the needy people of
Canada. When she turned eight years old, she founded the Ladybug
Foundation. This charity collects funds to help the homeless and
raises awareness of the issue. Even though she’s now a busy
teenager, Hannah still works relentlessly with the foundation. She
constantly visits schools and other venues to spread the message
that the problem of homelessness could be eliminated.
p.42
38
READING
Nowadays, young competent and successful business leaders
are common all around the world. This shows that no matter your
age, when you have the zeal to make your dream a reality, you can
launch an organization that will thrive!
p.42
39
READING
Discussion
Young people who take on huge responsibilities, like a business,
can miss out on enjoying youthful freedoms. Look at Mark
Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, or Justin Bieber, pop star. They’ve
made millions but are constantly working to meet up to people’s
expectations. What are the advantages and disadvantages of starting
a business before adulthood?
40
READING ─AFTER YOU READ
A. Fill in the Missing Letters
Complete the sentences with words from the article.
1. Even after a terrible breakup, nothing could diminish Samantha’s
ea
z__________1
for romance.
elentlessl
2. He worked r__________y
to finish the project ahead of the deadline.
hrew
3. In times of economic recession, the ability to be s__________d
in business
transactions is crucial.
ompeten
4. Melissa wants to hire someone that is more c__________t
than her current
assistant.
5. After the police arrived at the demonstration, the college students retreated to
espectiv
their r__________e
dorm rooms.
p.38
p.36
p.39
p.37
41
p.40
READING ─AFTER YOU READ
B. Complete the Profiles
Finish the passages with the correct forms of the words provided.
eliminate launch adore charity
vintage independent consultation
corporation
enthusiasm
Susan Gregg Koger
Suhas Gopinath
Hannah Taylor
Susan Gregg Koger
founded her business when
she was still in college. She
adores
1. ___________
Surprisingly, Suhas
Gopinath, the world’s
youngest CEO, was just
14 when he established
corporation Also
his 5. ___________.
intriguing is that he
educated himself in the
complex field of IT. His
company provides
6. consultations
___________ to other
businesses regarding
technical problems.
As a child, Hannah Taylor
was greatly inspired to start a(n)
charity
7. ___________
after seeing a
needy person. At eight years
old, she 8. ___________
the
launched
Ladybug Foundation. Today, she
frequents schools where she
helps raise consciousness about
eliminate
the efforts to 9. ___________
fashion and wants to share
her 2. ___________
enthusiasm with
others. She sells
vintage
3. ___________
clothing and commissions
independent
outfits by 4. ___________
designers. Now, her company
is worth over $50 million.
42
homelessness.
READING ─AFTER YOU READ
C. Multiple Choice
Circle the answers.
1. Where did Koger find the clothing that she
originally sold at ModCloth?
a. They were made by college students.
b. They were found at secondhand shops.
c. They were from her favorite clothing sites.
d. They were created by self-employed designers.
43
READING ─AFTER YOU READ
C. Multiple Choice
Circle the answers.
2. Why has Gopinath NOT sold his company?
a. He would rather manage it himself.
b. He hasn’t received a worthwhile offer.
c. He has sold it but still oversees the business as
CEO.
d. Investors are reluctant to spend money on such
a new venture.
44
READING ─AFTER YOU READ
C. Multiple Choice
Circle the answers.
3. What is the objective of Taylor’s charity?
a. To help children who are unaware that
homelessness exists
b. To give advice on how charities can assist a
corporation
c. To tackle the problem of people not having a
place to live
d. To teach people how to sell merchandise online
45
READING ─AFTER YOU READ
C. Multiple Choice
Circle the answers.
4. What is TRUE about young entrepreneurs?
a. They are normally too inefficient to launch their
own businesses.
b. Those under 30 will need abundant financial aid
to get started.
c. Most of them create charities in order to earn
recognition.
d. They have proven to be just as remarkable as
older ones.
46
WRITING SKILLS
Introduction Hooks
To grab your audience’s attention, use a hook! It can be:
□
 a surprising fact
□
 an interesting story
□
 a famous quote
□
 a rhetorical question
47
WRITING SKILLS
Task I
Write the letter of the hook that best fits the following introductory
paragraph.
c Then be an entrepreneur and become your own boss! While turning a profit
______
__________________________________________________________________
might
be a prolonged process, the positives of working for yourself outnumber the
__________________________________________________________________
negatives.
Everyone has a specialty or skill to offer society. Once you determine
__________________________________________________________________
what
yours is, you’ll be on the road to financial freedom.
__________________________________________________________________
a. I’d always dreamed of starting a
security company, but the
uncertainty of generating enough
income held me back.
c. Do you wish you could set your own
work schedule? Are you tired of
meeting someone else’s demands?
b. Nolan Bushnell, who’s founded over d. Even though large corporations
20 successful businesses, once said,
dominate the US economy, small
“The true entrepreneur is a doer, not
businesses employ roughly 50
a dreamer.”
percent of America’s workers.
48
WRITING SKILLS
Conclusion Clinchers
A clincher is the conclusion’s impacting final statement. An effective clincher
refers back to the hook by:
□
 making a prediction based
□
 finishing the story
□
 mentioning the quotation
□
 asking a final rhetorical
question
on the fact
49
WRITING SKILLS
Task II
Write a conclusion clincher below. Relate it to the hook you chose in
Task I.
Having a flexible schedule, choosing your colleagues, and feeling fulfilled
So what
by your work are all motivating reasons to become self-employed. ________
are you waiting for? Quit your dull job and start working for yourself today!
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
50
WRITING SKILLS─BEFORE YOU WRITE
Visit the site www.thehersheycompany.com to learn about The
Hershey Company. Write down information that could be used as a
hook and / or clincher in an essay about the company.
STATISTICS
• Hershey’s employs
STORIES
SAYINGS
• Milton S. Hershey, a
• “Caramels are only a
around 13,700
candy-making genius,
fad. Chocolate is a
employees and sells
suffered two failed
permanent thing.” —
$4 billion worth of
candy businesses
Milton Hershey
products annually.
before establishing the
caramel company that
would later become
Hershey’s.
51
WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP
Write an introduction and conclusion for the essay about Hershey’s
below. Use the information you collected above to write an effective
hook and clincher.
Title:
Building with Chocolate (Be creative.)
__________________________
Milton Hershey, a candy-making genius, knew what he
_____________________________________________________
was talking about when he said, “Caramels are only a fad.
_____________________________________________________
Chocolate is a permanent thing.” Hershey’s chocolate has
_____________________________________________________
been putting a smile on people’s faces since 1900, when the
_____________________________________________________
chocolate bar was introduced. Although the founder had
_____________________________________________________
difficulty with his other businesses, Hershey’s has become
_____________________________________________________
an internationally known brand, both for chocolate and for
_____________________________________________________
generosity.
_____________________________________________
52
WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP
Write an introduction and conclusion for the essay about Hershey’s
below. Use the information you collected above to write an effective
hook and clincher.
Milton Hershey was born in rural Pennsylvania in 1857. Despite growing up
__________________________________________________________________
with little formal education, Milton established the successful Lancaster Caramel
__________________________________________________________________
Company. He became passionate about the art of making chocolate and began
__________________________________________________________________
coating his caramel candies in it. Chocolate was expensive back then, and
__________________________________________________________________
Milton realized that he could find a way to manufacture affordable chocolate so
__________________________________________________________________
that everyone would be able to enjoy its rich taste. After numerous experiments,
__________________________________________________________________
he discovered a recipe for delicious milk chocolate. Hershey’s chocolate was
__________________________________________________________________
born!
__________________________________________________________________
53
WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP
Write an introduction and conclusion for the essay about Hershey’s
below. Use the information you collected above to write an effective
hook and clincher.
The Hershey’s chocolate bar was quite profitable, and Milton put those profits
__________________________________________________________________
to good use. He believed that workers who were treated well would produce
__________________________________________________________________
better products. Therefore, he made improving his town a priority, spending
__________________________________________________________________
money to build a community building, convention hall, and schools. In fact,
__________________________________________________________________
Milton Hershey School has been providing education to children from lower__________________________________________________________________
income families since 1909. Hershey, PA, could have been a completely different
__________________________________________________________________
place if it weren’t for Milton’s charity.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
54
WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP
Write an introduction and conclusion for the essay about Hershey’s
below. Use the information you collected above to write an effective
hook and clincher.
Without Milton, Hershey, PA, wouldn’t even exist, and
_____________________________________________________
people would have to spend a small fortune to get their
_____________________________________________________
hands on chocolate. Thank goodness Milton Hershey
_____________________________________________________
recognized the permanent popularity of this tasty treat.
_____________________________________________________
Imagine what we could have missed out on!
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
55
The
End
56