1. No category

EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
ABSTRACT:
Poster Presentation
115
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
CHEMISTRY
EHST14/AC/02
FTIR analysis for detection the functional groups in treated and
untreated agricultural residue coconut shell fiber and polyester
composite
Amandeep Singh
Department of Chemical Technology
Sant Longowal Institute of Enginerring & Technology, Longowal-148106, Punjab, INDIA
Email: [email protected]
The FTIR spectrum for the untreated and treated coconut shell fiber has been studied. It
can be seen in untreated fiber that the COC glycosidic bond of cellulose was detected by the
-1
-1
stretching vibration band of around 1100 cm and 2930 cm for the stretching vibration of CH
-1
group. COH of the cellulose backbone corresponded to the absorption peak at 1035 cm and
1056 cm-1 respectively. Absorption peak at 1435 cm-1 was attributed to the CH2 bending of
-1
cellulose and the absorption band at the region around 3431 cm was related to the hydroxyl
group (-OH). The absorption peak around 3435 cm-1 was found to be broader compared to
untreated fiber. This was due to the presence of -OH groups in large amount after NaOH
treatment on fiber that caused the peak to become broader compared to untreated fiber. The
absorption band that was observed at 765 cm-1 is related to the symmetrical stretching band of
–Si-C- and for 702 cm-1 the symmetrical stretching of -Si-O-Si-. Chemical recycling of waste
PET bottles was successfully performed through the glycolysis process of PET wastes to
produce unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) which was found suitable to be a matrix. The FTIR
spectrum of the prepared resin showed that the absorption at 1645 cm-1 but did not appear for
glycolyzed product. This absorption peak is associated with the stretching of C=C group in
polyester, which is absent in the chemical formula of the glycolyzed product.
Key Words: FTIR, NaOH treatment, Glycolysis, UPR.
117
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AC/03
Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms for the removal of
hazardous dye from aqueous solutions
Harpreet Kaur and Rajvir Kaur*
Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002
E-mail: [email protected]
The Removal of dyes from coloured effluents, particularly from textile industry is one of the
major environmental problem in these days. Adsorption is one of the best and economical
method used for the effective removal of dyes from wastewater. The aim of present work is to
remove Rhodamine-B dye from wastewater by use of waste material, i.e., to develop a cheaper
method for the removal of dye. Pigeon dropping was used as an adsorbent for the removal of
Rhodamine-B dye. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of initial
concentration of the adsorbate and contact time. Adsorption has been studied at different
intervals of time (15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 mintues). Dye adsorption equilibrium was rapidly
attained after 45 minutes of the contact time and it was described by the Langmuir and
Freundlich adsorption isotherm over the entire concentration ranges from 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50
mg/L. During the whole process the solution was shaken properly so that dye gets adsorbed over
the surface of adsorbent. The study on effect of the various other factors on adsorption of dye is in
progress. The characteristic results showed that Pigeon Dropping can be employed as an
alternative adsorbent in the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution and waste water.
Keywords: Rhodamine-B dye, Low-cost adsorbent Pigeon Dropping, Adsorption
Isotherms, Wastewater treatment.
118
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AC/06
Microwave-assisted synthesis of substituted coumarins
Gagandeep Kaur
BBSB Polytechnic College, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab)
Email: [email protected]
and
Dr. Vinay K. Jain
Head, Department of Chemistry, MM Modi College, Patiala (Punjab)
Email: [email protected]
Coumarins are fragrant natural substances found in plants. With a formula of 2Hchromen-2-one, these benzopyrone class organic compounds are an important sub-class of
chemicals in natural as well as in synthetic organic chemistry. Their use as anticoagulants,
additives in foods and cosmetics, as well as in preparation of insecticides, optical brighteners and
dispersed fluorescent and laser dyes has been reported. Their varied bioactivities, such as,
inhibitory of platelet aggregation, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer; inhibitory of steroid 5-alphareductase; and inhibitory of HIV-1-protease and as anthelmintic, anticoagulants, hypnotic and
insecticidal properties have also been reported. This paper reports synthesis of compounds of
this sub-group having immense medicinal importance under microwave irradiation. A few
coumarins have been synthesized using microwave irradiation by the reaction of phenols with
beta-ketoesters under acidic conditions (Pechmann reaction).
EHST14/AC/07
Molecularly imprinted polymers for toxin detection: a new trend
Shivender Singh Saini* and A.L.J. Rao*
*Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University-Patiala, Punjab-147002
Email: [email protected]
Food contamination from natural or anthropogenic sources poses severe risks to human
health. It is now largely accepted that continuous exposure to low doses of food Toxins such as
mycotoxins, phycotoxins can be related to several chronic diseases, including some type of
cancer and serious hormonal dysfunctions. Contemporary analytical methods have the
sensitivity required for contamination detection and quantification, but direct application of
these methods on real samples can be rarely performed because of matrix complexity. Thus,
selective analytical methods, relying on intelligent functional materials are needed. Recent years
have seen the increasing use of molecular imprinted polymers in contaminant analysis in food
because these materials seem to be particularly suitable for applications where analyte
selectivity is essential. It offers several advantages to the agrofood industry in areas such as
analysis, sensoring and extraction, or preconcentration of components. It has the potential of
becoming a tool for acquiring truly simple, rapid and robust direct measurements.
119
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AC/08
To study the effect of alkaline and silane treatment of coconut fiber on
polyester-coconut composite
Amandeep Singh
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Longowal-148106, Punjab
Email: [email protected]
The effects of the alkaline and silane treatment of Coir fiber on the mechanical properties
of Polyester/coir fiber composite have been studied. Loose coir fibers were used as the
reinforcement and polyester as the matrix to fabricate the composites with a hydraulic heat press.
Methyl Ethyl Ketone hydro Peroxides (MEKP) and cobalt octoate were used as Catalyst and
Promoter respectively. Coir fibers were subjected to alkali treatment with 5% NaOH solution at
30°C with varying the time from 0.5 to 6.0 hours. The mechanical properties of the composites
i.e. tensile strength, flexural strength and young's modulus of composites were measured, and
found increased significantly. The alkali treatment of coir fibers improves the quality of the
fiber/matrix interface. The silane treatment enhances the bonding between fiber and matrix. The
study revealed that the mechanical properties are improved due to fiber's surface cleanness after
fiber is treated for long time in 5% NaOH, which leads perfect bonding between fiber surface and
matrix. However, the treatment of fibers over a prolonged period (48h) makes the fibers stiffer
and more brittle.
Key words- Tensile strength, Flexural strength, Young's modulus, Coir fiber, Polyester,
MEKP, Cobalt octoate.
EHST14/AC/09
Effect of nickel on superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and lipid
peroxidation in mung bean (vigna radiata) seedlings
120
Rajeev Sharma1 and Kawaljeet Kaur2
1. Department of Chemistry, Multani Mal Modi College, Patiala
Email: [email protected]
2. Department of Chemistry, Government College for Girls, Patiala.
Nickel (Ni) is an indispensable micronutrient for plants. At higher concentration Ni
becomes toxic for various plant species. In several plants Ni induces change in activity of
antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. The
objective of this study is to investigate the effect of nickel stress for different durations on the
superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and lipid peroxidation (measured as TBA index) in mung
bean (Vigna radiata) seedlings. General growth was depressed and was proportional to the
concentration of nickel in the growth medium. The superoxide dismutase activity was increased
+2
depending on the concentration of nickel ions (Ni ). Peroxide activity and lipid peroxidation
were decreased in the stressed seedlings. The results indicate that superixode dismutase,
peroxidase and lipid peroxidation are associated with the growth of the microorganism and
nickel cause oxidative damage and may enhance the antioxidative activities.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AC/10
Substituted thiazoles as potent antifungal against d.oryzae: synthesis
and structure activity relationship
A Sidhu *, Khushbu, A Garg & V Kumar#
Department of Chemistry, Department of Plant Pathology#
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004
E-mail: [email protected]
Hybrid compounds are relevant products when searching for structure-activity
relationships. Differently substituted thiazoles viz 1,3-benzothiazol-2-amines (1-3), 4arylthiazol-2-amines (4-6), 3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-phenylthiazolidin-4-ones (1a-3a) and 2phenyl-3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)thiazolidin-4-ones (4a-6a) were synthesized and assayed for
their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungus, Dreschlera oryzae. Most of the hybrid
thiazoles revealed strong activity against the test fungus. Thiazol-2-amines displayed better
inhibition of growth of D. oryzae than thiazol-2-ylthiazolidin-4-ones. Compound 1 has inflicted
best fungitoxicity (ED50=75µg/ml) comparable to the standard fungicide Bavistin against the
test fungi. Structure activity relationship of fungitoxicity with drug like molecular descriptors
viz. MV, TPSA and Log p was explained.
EHST14/AC/11
Preparation of fine â-hmx by chemical crystallization method
Prem Lata*, Jatinder Kaur*, Vandana P Arya#
*
Department of Applied Sciences, PEC University of Technology, Sector-12, Chandigarh-160012,
India.
# Department of Quality Assurance, Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory, Sector-30,
Chandigarh-160030, India. E-mail: [email protected]
High melting explosive or Her Majesty's explosive (HMX) chemically known as
1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane is a white crystalline substance and exists in
four solid phase polymorphic modifications, labeled as á-, â-, ã- and ä- HMX. Among all the
above mentioned HMX polymorphs, only â polymorph is most dense and stable at room
temperature. HMX is a powerful energetic material and is being used widely as the main
ingredient in weapon systems and propellants. Fine grained â-HMX can be utilized in preparing
better performing propellants formulations as well as in laser initiators. Considering this aspect,
in the present work, size reduction of HMX by solvent-antisolvent crystallization method was
evaluated and followed by characterization of the final material for particle size and shape using
particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope. Fine polymorph of HMX produced has
also been characterized by FT-IR and XRD analysis.
Keywords: HMX, crystallization, FT-IR, XRD.
121
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AC/12
Nanoextractants for the trace analysis and detection of various pollutants
Anupreet Kaur*
*Department of chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University
*
Email: [email protected]
Nanomaterials are applicable in the areas of reduction of environmental pollution,
reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes and pollution control. Separation and
preconcentration techniques are of great importance owing to the limited sensitivity of modern
instrumental methods for trace analysis. Pre-treatment of an aqueous sample by different
sorption technique not only increases the ion concentration to a detectable level but also
eliminates matrix effects. The general trend of modern analytical chemistry is towards the
elaboration of simple, ecologically safe, sensitive and selective methods for the determination of
trace components combining previous concentration methods and further determination by
physical or physico-chemical methods. Pollutant quantification at low concentration levels
comprises one of the most considered targets in analytical chemistry. The most extensively
explored area of analytical nanotechnology is to exploit the excellent properties of nanoparticles
to improve well-established analytical methods or to develop new methods for analytes or
matrices. In addition to the typical advantages of nanoparticles, their use should lead to
improved selectivity, sensitivity, rapidity, miniaturizability or portability of the analytical
system. Recent advances on the development of novel nanomaterials and nanostructures and
processes for treatment of POPs and heavy metals in water, environmental, food, pharmaceutical
and soil. Trace detection and treatment of these pollutants become an eagerly solved problem.
Nanomaterials and nanotechnology provide a powerful method for detection and treatment of
trace pollutants in the environment.
EHST14/AC/13
Synthesis and characterisation of cobalt (III) chelates of symmetrical
3-nitro-1, 5-diarylformazans
122
Nitika Singla, Sanjeev Kumar and Rajeev Sharma
Department of Chemistry, Multani Mal Modi College, Patiala – 147001
[email protected]
The synthesis and characterisation of cobalt(III) chelates of 3-nitroformazans have
been described. These chelates have been characterized as tris chelates on the basis of elemental
analysis, IR and 1H NMR studies. These studies reveal that the coordination of the cobalt(III) to
the ligands occurs through the nitrogen atoms 1 and 5 of the formazyl group and that the NO2
group of the ligand does not take part in coordination. The structure of these chelates contains
three symmetric six membered CN4Co rings.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AC/14
Diastereoselective synthesis of isoxazolidines
Anjandeep Kaur* and Baldev Singh
*Department of Chemistry, Punjabi university, Patiala-147002, Punjab- India
Azomethine N-oxides or Nitrones have been employed for stereoselective formation of
synthetically useful isoxazolidines by their 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with alkenes. In recent
years, focus has been shifted towards asymmetric nitrone cycloaddition reactions, the efficiency of which
very much depends on the ability of the chiral auxiliary to effectively transfer chirality to the newly
created stereocenters. We have further investigated the behavior of some ortho and para- substituted
nitrones cycloaddition reactions. The isomeric ratio was found out to be reversed in case of orthosubstituted compounds as compared to the para-substituted compounds. These synthesized compounds
have been characterized through advanced spectroscopic techniques such as UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR,
1
H-NMR COSY, and MS.
EHST14/AC/15
1, 3 Dipolar cycloaddition reaction were accomplished in aqueous
medium- a step towards green chemistry
a
b
Manpreet Kaur and Baldev Singh
a
Department of chemistry, SGGSWU Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
b
Department of chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
Email id: [email protected]
An insight into the surveyed literature reveals that much has not been achieved about these 1,3dipolar cycloaddition reaction involving the use of benign, ecofriendly solvents in a systematic manner.
These 1,3-dipolarcycloaddition reactions have been studied involving more toxic and costlier solvents
like benzene, alcohol, chloroform, carbon disulphide, toluene which certainly causes pollute the
environment, so to avoid the pollution to maximum extent. The basic idea under this green chemistry is
not to protecting the environment from pollution but also its focus on main issues such as atom economy,
toxicity solvent and other media using of consumption of energy, application of raw materials from
renewable sources and degradation of chemical products to simple non-toxic substances which are
friendly for the environment to save it from pollution.
Present study therefore aims at carrying out these 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions reactions variously
substituted azomethines N-oxides and N-aryl malemide using benign universal solvents water
employing a catalytic amount of oxalic acid under thermal conditions. The final product (III) will be
1
13
characterized through Melting point, Elemental analysis, IR, HNMR, C NMR, Cosy NMR and Mass
spectral studies.
O
R
C
H
O
R
+ NHOHR'
C
H
N
R'
+ H2O
O
H
Where R'= H
Where R=
OH ,
OH
, HO
,
HO
HO
OH ,
N
N
RCH
OCH3
Ph
O
Ph
Ar
N
+
O
N
R
O
I
Ar
O
II
H
H
III
O
123
EHST-2014
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh
Sri Guru
Sahib
Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AC/16
Synthesis and characterization of Organotin (IV) polymers using 3carboxypropyldisulphide and organotin (IV) dichloride by
hydrothermal conditions
Kanav Dhir*1, Harminder Kaur1, Jugal Kishore Puri2
Deptt. of Applied Sciences, PEC Univ. of Technology, CHD, 160012 (India)
2
Deptt. of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014(India)
1*
E mail: [email protected]
1
Organotin (IV) polymers are synthesized by the reaction of R2SnCl2 (R= Methyl, n-Butyl
and Phenyl) and 3-carboxypropyldisulphide using hydrothemal conditions. These are
characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) and Thermogravimetric
analysis. Spectroscopic studies suggest the presence of octahedral geometry around organotin
moiety in all the complexes. Thermal investigations on the blends of poly(methylmethacrylate)
with organotin(IV) polymers have shown increased thermal stability compared to pure
poly(methylmethacrylate) suggesting its potential as additives towards PMMA.
Keywords: Organotindichloride, dimethyltindichloride, dibutyltindichloride,
diphenyltindichloride, 3-carboxypropyldisulphide, PMMA.
124
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
BIOTECHNOLOGY
EHST-14/BB/01
Prevalence and Distribution of Cancer in the Malwa Belt of Punjab
Authors: Bhawandeep Kaur, Gurpreet Kaur
Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib
Cancer is uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells anywhere in body. There are about
100-200 types of cancers which can be broadly classified into Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Leukemia,
Myeloma, Lymphoma and Mixed type. Men commonly are affected by prostate, lung andcolorectal
while women develop breast, colorectal, and lung cancer. Leukemia, brain tumor and lymphoma are
commonly seen in children. Cancer is influenced by factors as age, sex, race, local environmental
factors, diet and genetic make-up of individuals. We followed the pattern of prevalence and
distribution of cancers in the Malwa belt of Punjab where cancer is more common and is also referred
to as the “Cancer Belt”. We investigated the urban and rural area of district Faridkot that included
Kotkapura, Jaitu, Bajakhana, Shersinghwala and Jand Sahib. Interestingly, our preliminary
investigations show a very high rate of cancer incidence in the rural areas i.e. Baja Khana and Jand
Sahib while the urban areas showed prevalence in line with the national average. Although more indepth study needs to be performed taking into consideration the professional background people
affected and type and causative agents, if known, our data does suggest a very high bias for cancer
occurrence in rural areas supporting the involvement of the indiscriminate usage of pesticides.
Although the incidence maybe influenced by genetic makeup, toxic compounds, dietary factors as
well as life style choices of individuals, we plan to follow-up these preliminary data with more
studies to try and understand the reasons of more cancer incidence in the rural areas.
EHST-14/BB/02
Biogas Production from Kitchen and Industrial Waste
#
Authors: Mamta Kumari, Abhilash Kumar Tripathi , Sudhir Kumar*
Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of
Information Technology, Solan – 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India
*Corresponding author mail id: [email protected]
Biogas as a renewable energy resource can be used for heat production and power generation. The
methane content of biogas can be easily recovered in the gas phase due to its more solubility in water;
however production of biogas depends upon the characteristics of feedstock used. In our study we
used kitchen waste and industrial waste as feedstock for biogas production. In this context a portable,
single-stage, easy to maintain and economical biogas plant was installed and self-fabricated by our
research group. Biogas production was measured for 42 days at an average temperature of 20ºC.
Approximately after 20 days of retention time the gas production was measured using cow dung as
only substrate and source of seed inoculum. Rice slurry (2kg mixed with 8L water) as food waste
from our university mess was then added and biogas production reached its peak with 470L per kg
VS added. Biogas production declined to 380L per kg VS added followed by a constant trend when
industrial herbal waste was used. Our biogas reactor costs just 6000-8000 Indian rupees. We are
trying to popularize it for rural population living in poor socio-economic conditions.
125
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST-14/BB/05
Identification of Lipase Producing Strain from Hot Spring
Environment of the Manikaran area of Himachal Pradesh: Cloning
and Expression of Lipase Thereof
Authors: Amninder Singh, Jaspreet Kaur, Suvneet Kaur, Manmeet Kaur,
Pushpender K. Sharma*
Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University,
Fatehgarh Sahib (Pb)
*Corresponding author address: [email protected]
In the recent years, interest on the lipases has grown significantly, and the development
of technologies using lipases for the synthesis of novel compounds in number of industrial
applications had resulted in their expansion into new areas. Their chemio, regio and enantioselectivity behaviour has caused tremendous interests among scientists and industrialists. The
microorganisms surviving in extreme condition of high temperature have attracted researchers
to evaluate their unique properties. In the present investigation, soil sample was collected
aseptically from hot spring soil of Manikaran area of Himachal Pradesh. Soil sample was serially
diluted and spread on LB-Agar-tributyrin plates. The plates were incubated at 50º C for 2-3 days.
After incubating the plates for two three days, we found around 50 bacterial colonies that
demonstrated hydrolytic zone. Out of these, we screened one unique colony producing excellent
hydrolytic zone on the substrate plate. The genomic DNA was extracted from the bacterial
culture, and 16 S rRNA sequence was amplified and sequenced. The sequence obtained was
analyzed at the NCBI by performing BLASTn. The BLASTn report suggested it to be a strain
belonging to Bacillus licheniformis. Furthermore, the genome sequence of the Bacilllus
licheniformis available in the gene data base (NCBI) was analyzed and the primers were
designed to amplify a lipase gene from the extracted DNA. The lipase gene was amplified under
standard PCR conditions, cloned and expressed. The cloned lipase sequenced demonstrated that
the lipase has an ORF of 636 bp long that encoded a mature lipase of 181 amino acids long. We
are in process of further characterizing the lipase in detail.
126
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST-14/BB/08
Plant Derived Glycosidic Tri-Terpeniods as Natural Insecticides
1*
1
2
Authors: Balwinder Singh , Jaspreet Singh and Amritpal Kaur
1
Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab 143002, India
Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
*Corresponding author mail: [email protected]
2
Steroidal or triterpenoidal glycosides are widely distributed in many wild and cultivated
species of plant kingdom. These secondary plant metabolites are non-volatile compounds
consist of sapogenin and one or two sugar molecules and are called as saponins. Soyabeans,
chickpeas and chenopods are rich in saponins. These compounds have received attention in past
few years as bio-pesticide due to toxic nature to certain insects. They exert a strong and rapid
repellent or deterrent activity against a broad range of insects. The most observed effects on
insect pest was low food intake, indigestion, weight reduction, retardation in development and
decreased reproduction. Saponins also provoke insect moulting defects or causes cellular
toxicity effects. Insect pests are a very important factor for loss of agricultural and horticultural
production. These plant derived components have open new strategies to protect and preserve
food crops in modern agriculture and food industry with integrated pest management programs
against pest insects by spraying or applying saponins. This article summarizes various reports
available in literature on potencies of saponins isolated from different plant species to control
insect pests with some practical examples.
Keywords: Crop protection, Insecticide, Agriculture, Toxicity, Food Preservation,
127
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST-14/BB/09
Preparation and Evaluation of Polymer Encapsulated Vitamin
Microsphere for Sustained Release
Authors: Mandeep Kaur*1, Harsimran Kaur1
Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]
This research is preliminary designing and development of the method of encapsulation
of the water soluble vitamins in biodegradable polymers by using crosslinking agents or by noncrosslinking methods. The main goals of the research work is the synthesis, characterization of
Thiamine encapsulated chitosan microspheres and sustainable release of Thiamine.
Encapsulation of thiamine in chitosan microsphere can enhance the availability of thiamine for a
longer duration. Encapsulation of Thiamine in chitosan at a ratio 25:1 & 1:1 (chitosan:
thiamine) was studied. The formation of conjugate was confirmed UV spectroscopy analysis
showing peak at 224 nm affirming the formation of amide (NH) bond between conjugate.
Chitosan and thiamine conjugate at 1:1 ratio was found to show better conjugation. Conjugate
were further analyzed with different parameters viz. effect of crosslinking agents on size,
concentration of NH4OH, pH, temperature effects, and variations in stirring conditions. Various
cross-linkers Tween 80, Tween 20, Citric acid, SDS, Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) and
Tripolyphosphate (TPP) were studied to ameliorate the conjugation formation.The conjugate
thus formed were characterized by analytical tools. FTIR spectra of the Thiamine that was
encapsulated in the chitosan microsphere showed peaks at 3344.23cm-1(OH & NH2), 2115.29
-1
-1
cm (C-C triple bond). The band at 1632.48cm appeared to be strong and assigned to N-H group
affirming the bond formation between thiamine and chitosan. Microspheres, thus formed were
analyzed for particle size and surface charge. It was corroborated that the size microsphere was
reduced from 3.2 ìm to 500 nm by optimizing various parameter of encapsulation. The surface
morphology and shape of the Thiamine encapsulated chitosan microspheres was examined by
scanning electron microscopy. Sustainable release profile of Thiamine from both crosslinked
and non-crosslinked microspheres were done. Percentage release from the chitosan
microspheres that were crosslinked with TPP was slow and lesser than non-crosslinked
microspheres. This concept used for water soluble vitamins can enhance the availability of the
vitamin for longer time.
128
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST-14/BB/10
Isolation and screening of Poly-Hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producing
bacteria from diverse habitats of Chandigarh
Authors: Samriti Dhawan* and Jasveen Dua**
Affiliations:*Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Chandigarh,
**Department of Botany, GGDSD College, Chandigarh.
PHAs (poly-hydroxyalkanoates) are polyesters of various hydroxyalkanoates, synthesized
by various microbes as intracellular storage compounds under conditions of biotic and abiotic stress.
Plastics are of great importance in our everyday life. But lately they have proven to be a serious
environment threat and lead to much health related problems. This has led to search of suitable
biodegradable eco-friendly alternatives. PHAs (poly hydroxyalkanoates) are suitable substitutes
that resemble synthetic plastics in physical and chemical properties. Considering the industrial
interest of PHAs, Work was undertaken for the screening of PHA producing bacteria from diverse
habitats to isolate such bacteria. Samples were collected from diverse locations like Sukhna lake,
landfill sites, industrial wastes and sewage treatment plant. These areas had an imbalance of C:N
ratio, an important prerequisite for intracellular PHA production. All the isolates were subjected to
preliminary screening with Sudan Black or plate assay method. Bacterial isolates found positive
were then confirmed using a highly sensitive staining method that used Nile Red to detect
accumulation of PHAs. Wautersia eutropha (MTCC – 1285) served as the reference strain during the
present study. Orange coloured fluorescence was detected when Nile red stained plates were
observed under UV transilluminator. About 15 bacterial isolates were found to be promising PHA
accumulating bacteria. Biochemical analysis revealed that the PHA producing strains belong to the
genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas sp. Two important isolates, one screened
from Sukhna lake and another from a factory effluent were found to be highly efficient in terms of
PHA production, which were selected for further work.
129
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST-14/BB/11
Optimization of process parameters for cellulase production from
Bacillus spp. JS14 by SSF in solid substrate fermentation using
response surface methodology
Authors: Jagdish Singh* and Pawandeep Kaur
Department of Biotechnology, Mata Gujri College Fatehgarh Sahib Punjab-147002, India
*Corresponding Authors mail id: [email protected]
The aim of this work was to isolate the potent bacterial strains for the production of
cellulose enzyme. A total 30 bacterial isolates showed positive results for the cellulase
production but highest enzyme activity was shown by isolate JS 14. From the morphological and
biochemical reactions, the isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. Cellulase production was
studied by this strain using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design
(CCD) quadratic response surface was applied to explicate the parameters that significantly
affected cellulase production in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). The wheat bran
concentration and incubation period were significant factors. The process parameters optimized
with response surface methodology was wheat bran concentration 400 g/L; pH, 6.5;
temperature, 400C and incubation period 5 days when inoculum 10 % (1x107 cells/ ml) was used
for cellulase production in SSF. Supplementation of lactose and CMC to the wheat bran medium
favored the enzyme formation.
Key words: Cellulase, response surface methodology, optimization.
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EHST-14/BB/12
An economic and environment friendly approach for the production
of PHB from renewable resources
Authors: P. Dey, S. Aggarwal
Affiliation: Food Technology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences,
Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab - 147004, India
Plastics are widely used in many industries and in our day- to-day life. They have many
desirable properties such as strength, durability and resistance to degradation but these very
properties are the reasons which are causing their accumulation in the environment. Thus,
biodegradable plastics are the best solution to this environmental hazard. Amongst the
biodegradable plastics Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are the only 100% biodegradable
polymers. They are produced as energy reserve materials in the cytoplasm under conditions of
limiting nutrients in the presence of excess carbon source by numerous bacteria. Of all the PHAs,
poly 3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has attracted considerable interest as a candidate for
biodegradable and biocompatible plastics. It is accumulated as a membrane enclosed inclusion
in many bacteria at up to 30- 80% of the dry cell weight. High productivities of PHB have been
achieved by using bacteria such as Alcaligenes eutrophus, Alcaligenes latus and recombinant
Escherichia coli but the cost of production is still very high which limits its industrial
application. This calls for an economic approach for the production of PHB. One such approach
can be the use of cheap carbon source which will reduce the cost of production thereby making
PHB competitive with conventional plastics.
Research highlights and Novelty:
1. Alcaligenes eutrophus has mainly been grown on glucose and fructose and not on sucrose.
2. Sucrose based carbon sources like table sugar are relatively cheap which makes them more
suitable candidate for the production of PHB at low cost.
3. Moreover, sucrose is a renewable source which makes the process environment friendly and
sustainable.
131
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EHST-14/BB/16
Association of Angiotensin- I converting enzyme I/D polymorphism
with type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indians
Author: TarandeepKaur, Harmaldeep Kaur, Rupinder Kaur Dogra*
Affiliation:Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University,
Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder characterized by a varying
range of insulin resistance. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors play a great
role in the development and progression of this disease. Among these genetic factors associated
with development of T2DMis Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D)
gene polymorphism.
Aim: This study was conducted to determine the association of ACE I/D polymorphism and
conventional factors with T2DMin North Indian population.
Method: 50 T2DM patients and 50 age- and sex-matched unrelated control subjects were
genotyped for ACE I/D polymorphismby PCR using specific primers. Demographic
characteristics and conventional risk factors (hypertension, nephropathy, retinopathy, family
history, socio-economic status, alcohol intake, BMI, WHR) were studied. Chi-square and
analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the differences in the values among the
groups.
Result: Hypertension (OR=2.25; 95% CI=1.01–5.02; P=0.045), retinopathy (OR=3.55; 95%
CI=1.49-8.45; P=0.004), WHR (OR 0.042, 95% CI=0.198-0.987; P=0.045) were significantly
associated with T2DM in univariate analysis. Nephropathy (OR=1.94; 95% CI=0.82-4.61; P=
0.130), family history (OR=1.77; 95% CI=0.69-4.58; P=0.235), alcohol intake (OR=1.00; 95%
CI=0.45-2.24; P=1.00), non-vegetarian dietary pattern (OR=0.72; 95% CI=0.32-1.6; P=0.414),
high socio-economic status (OR=0.75; 95% CI=0.32-1.77; P=0.549), mean BMI (P=0.663;
95% CI 0.351-1.947) and ACE I/D polymorphism (P=0.444: OR=1.48 and 95% CI=0.54-4.06)
were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in univariate analysis. Multivariate binary
logistic regression analysis showed that WHR, hypertension and retinopathy were significant
risk predictors of T2DM. However, nephropathy, alcohol intake, dietary pattern and socioeconomic status were not independent risk factors for T2DM.
Conclusion: Obesity, hypertension and retinopathy were significant risk predictors of T2DM in
North Indians while ACE I/D polymorphism,nephropathy, alcohol intake, dietary pattern and
socio-economic status were not associated with T2DM in our study group of North Indians.
132
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EHST-14/BB/17
Effect of salinity stress on mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in
consecutive summer and spring season
*1
2
3
4
1
Authors: N. Sehrawat , M. Yadav , K.V. Bhat , R.K. Sairam , P.K. Jaiwal
1
2
Affiliations: Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayna, India;
DNAFP, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India;3 Department of
Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, India ;4 Indian Society for
Plant Physiology, G-3, NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi, India
*
Corresponding author mail Id: [email protected]
Mungbean is an ecologically important and environment friendly food grain legume
crop with amino acid rich profile. Susceptibility towards salinity stress drastically limits the
agricultural productivity of this crop. The present investigation was carried out to compare the
effect of salt stress on two popular mungbean varieties, Pusa vishal and Pusa ratna during
summer and spring season. The experiment was carried out in earthen pots under two salinity
stress levels as 50 mM and 75 mM NaCl along with the control treatment. The results illustrated
significant variations and adaptability among stressed and non-stressed plants in both varieties.
The effect of salinity was less during early vegetative stage but the percent decrease was
increased significantly from flowering to pod-filling stage. Salt stress along with high
temperature stress and salinity induced osmotic stress severely limited the plant growth,
morphology, physiology and yield characteristics during summer but the average reduction in
the observed features was less during rainy crop season. The tolerant variety Pusa vishal
exhibited less reduction in plant height, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, plant length,
leaf area, photosynthesis, pods per plant and grain yield even under high salinity level over
control plants. However, the susceptible variety Pusa ratna showed greater reduction in the
measured parameters under salinity stress. Delay in pod ripening during spring season also
caused less pod-shattering resulted in high grain yield however; the yellow mosaic virus
infection was more. Therefore, the study suggests screening of the large mungbean germplasm
for salt tolerance during spring season more efficiently for the identification of diverse and
resistant genotypes for genetic improvement of mungbean for saline soil in near future.
133
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EHST-14/BB/18
Biotechnological Tools in Agricultural Research
Authors: Jaspreet Singh* & Balwinder Singh
Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab 143002 India
*Corresponding author mail id: [email protected]
Biotechnology has emerged as backbone of agricultural green revolution in modern era.
Biotechnology is considered as a novel science but it is an age old phenomenon and its
applications have contributed a lot in the development of human civilizations. The older popular
versions of biotechnological processes include wine production, curd formation, antibiotic
production like penicillin etc. leading to their industrialization. The introduction of molecular
biology has lead to the better understanding of genetic processes in the living cells. The
development of recombinant DNA technology resulted in the start of the new phase termed as
modern biotechnology. Gene isolation, gene sequencing, gene cloning, gene introgression, gene
pyramiding, gene amplification are the major biotechnological tools considered as landmarks in
genetic research or engineering, leading to the progression of biotechnology towards genomics,
proteomics and bioinformatics. The agricultural aspects of biotechnology include development
of disease resistant, abiotic stress resistant, nutritionally better and improved quality hybrid
varieties of plants. Though the significances of biotechnology are not limited to agriculture, but
are equally important in the fields of medicinal and environmental sciences. This article is an
attempt to overview the applications of biotechnological tools in the present scenario of plant
research contributing to the global prosperity.
EHST-14/BB/19
Soap effluent treatment using Egg shell and Bacillus subtilis
134
Author: Manpreet Kaur
Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University,
Fatehgarh Sahib-140406 , Punjab (India)
The purpose of this integrated approach was to determine the capacity of egg shell as
adsorbent and Bacillus subtilis for the biosorption and removal of various impurities from the
soap industrial effluent. Various parameters like pH (7.8), Total solids (4300 ppm), Total
dissolved solids (2600 ppm), Total suspended solids (1700 ppm), Alkalinity (3192mg/ml),
Hardness (1300 ppm), Chemical oxygen demand (800 mg/ml), Biological oxygen demand (760
mg/ml), metal ion estimation of metals like Chromium (1.4 mg/ml), Zinc (2.0 ppm), Nickel (0.7
ppm), and Phenol (2.384 ppm) estimation were studied for the initial characterization of the
industrial effluent. In batch studies, optimization of various parameters was carried out. In
conclusion it can be stated that the different studied physico-chemical parameters such as pH,
TDS, alkalinity, DO, chloride concentration, hardness, COD etc. are within the permissible
limit. The present investigation has led us to found that the quality of water sample subjected to
study was acceptable from majority of physico-chemical parameters while as per bacteriological
standards; the water needs to be treated before using it in domestic applications.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST-14/BB/20
Estimation of pH Values of Different Industrial Soil Samples near Jalandhar (Punjab)
Authors: Gurjit Kaur* and Navdeep Sidhu
Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shahpur Jalandhar.
Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
Soil pH generally refers to the degree of soil acidity or alkalinity. Soil pH affects the soil's
physical, chemical, and biological properties and processes, as well as plant growth. A soil pH of
5.2 to 8.0 provides optimum conditions for most agricultural plants. All plants are affected by the
extremes of pH but there is wide variation in their tolerance of acidity and alkalinity. Some plants
grow well over a wide pH range, whilst others are very sensitive to small variations in acidity or
alkalinity. Microbial activity in the soil is also affected by soil pH with most activity occurring in
soils of pH 5.0 to 7.0. Soil pH affects the availability of nutrients and how the nutrients react with
each other. Khurana et al [1] presented the analysis of soil samples collected from sewage and
tube well irrigated soils of some places of Punjab, but no any quantitative analysis of soil lying
around industrial area of Jalandhar city has been done so far. In the present study, we focus on the
estimation of pH values-an important chemical soil indicator- of various soil samples collected
from different places namely; Maqsudan, Chaheru, Basti bawa, Kala Sanghian, Urban estate,
and Hamira lying around Jalandhar city of the Punjab (India). We collected around 72 soil
samples from all above said areas and predicted the nature of soil on the basis of estimated pH
values. The pH value of soil for Hamira found to highest (8.5 to 9.0) out of the areas covered in
the present study, which further indicates strongly alkaline nature of soil lying in this area. The
pH value of soil for the areas falling around Basti Bawa, Kala Sanghian and Urban Estate lies in
the range 6.6 to 7.3. This shows that these areas possess neutral soil. On the basis of present
study, we conclude that pH value of soil in the area near to Maqsudan and Chaheru lies
approximately in the range of 6.0 to 6.5 and is slight acidic in nature. Since slight acidic soil with
pH value ranging from 5 to 6 is best for the evergreen trees, so soil of above said three places is
best for the growth of evergreen trees and also for some flowering plants which grow well in soil
of slight acidity. The regular support from Department of Biotechnology,CTIPS,ShahpurJalandhar is gratefully acknowledged.
References: 1. Khurana & Bansal, Journal of Environmental Biology, 29(2008)
135
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COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
EHST14/CC/005
Biometrics Systems: A survey
Gurpreet Kaur1 and Gaganpreet Kaur2
1
Student, Department of computer science and Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University,
Fatehgarh Sahib,Punjab.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of computer science and Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World
University, Fatehgarh Sahib,Punjab.
(e-mail: [email protected])
This paper includes the introduction of an emerging field biometrics which are playing
vital role. Biometrics field plays an important role in information security. By unimodal
biometrics techniques human identification is done. Biometric systems focus on the purpose that
the systems are accessed by legal user instead of some illegal users. To overcome the limitations
of unimodal biometrics like noisy data, intra class variations, and other factors a new
biometrics system was proposed known as multimodal biometrics. In multimodal biometrics,
two or more traits are merged at different levels like feature level, match score level and decision
level. Multimodal biometrics improves matching performance, facilitate indexing and increase
population coverage. There are so many physical traits that are used for human identification.
This biometrics system was named as soft biometrics. In soft biometrics instead of using face or
fingerprints, they used facial marks, tattoos, height and weight. Unimodal and multimodal
biometrics are named as hard biometrics. This paper is a brief review of all the three biometrics
systems i.e. unimodal biometrics, multimodal biometrics and soft biometrics and their methods.
EHST14/CC/006
Video Mining: A Brief Review of Multimedia and Video Mining Applications
1
1
2
3
Ninderpal Kaur , Prabhjeet Singh Sekhon , Navpreet Kaur and Navdeep Kaur
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib (Pb)
136
Multimedia data is being obtained at an increasing rate due to technological advances in
sensors, Computing power and storage. In Multimedia, Data Mining process extraction of past
unknown knowledge is done at first and then interesting patterns are detected from a tremendous
set of multimedia data. This paper discuss about video and text mining. Video is immediately
becoming one of the most popular multimedia due to its high information and entertainment
proficiency. Video consists of audio, video and text together. With the consistent growth in
digital libraries and video databases, it is more important to automatically extract the
knowledge from video databases and understand video databases. Video mining is used in
many real time applications. Text is an important part of every college, industry and
business. Text mining is essential part because there are large amount of text data, so
extracting relevant information or knowledge. Text mining includes text categorization, text
clustering, concept/entity extraction, production of granular taxonomies, sentiment analysis,
document summarization and entity relation modeling.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/CC/011
A Study of MANETS Protocols
Sukhwinder Singh1 and Navdeep Kaur2
1
2
M.Tech Student, Associate Processor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, India
The Efficient routing protocols can provide significant benefits to mobile ad hoc
networks, in terms of both performance and reliability. Many routing protocols for such
networks have been proposed so far. Amongst the most popular ones are Ad hoc On-demand
Distance Vector (AODV), Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing protocol (DSDV),
Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR). We observed that reactive protocols perform better
than proactive protocols. Further DSR has performed well for the performance parameters
namely delivery ratio and routing overload while AODV performed better in terms of average
delay.
EHST14/CC/012
Mining Audio Data: Techniques and Applications
1
2
Gurdeep Singh and Shruti Aggarwal
1
M.Tech Student, 2Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
,
[email protected] [email protected],
In the real world, a massive amount of audio content is processed for various
purposes like listening music, audio messages chat etc. These all tasks require efficient and
excellent data mining techniques. This paper presents a broad overview of techniques and
various applications used in audio data mining. Audio mining or audio searching
technique is used for speech recognition. There are two steps to Speech recognition process,
indexing and searching. Audio signal files of spoken words or phrases are converted into
audio indexing, which is a searchable index of audio files with location and specified search
of spoken words or phrases is done with a searchable index for similar matching. Audio mining
searches are faster than real time, so it can be searched within a short time from huge audio
content. Mainly Phoneme-based and Text-Based approaches are used for audio mining. Textbased approaches use Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LVCSR) for audio
mining task and phoneme-based approaches use Phonetic Recognition to carry out phonetic
audio mining. Audio mining applications are divided into two parts on the basis of text-based
audio mining and phoneme-based audio mining, which are briefly explained in this paper.
137
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EHST14/CC/013
Study of Different Techniques for Web-Based Search Using
Ranking Algorithms
1
2
Rashmi Sharma , Kamaljit Kaur
1
Student, 2Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
(E-mail: [email protected]).
Due to the increasing amount of data available online, the World Wide Web has
becoming one of the most valuable resources for information retrievals and knowledge
discoveries. Web mining technologies are the right solutions for knowledge discovery on the
Web. The knowledge extracted from the Web can be used to raise the performances for Web
information retrievals, question answering, and Web based data warehousing. Web mining is
used to categorize users and pages by analyzing the users' behavior, the content of the pages, and
the order of the URLs that tend to be accessed in order. Web structure mining plays very
important role in this approach. It's defined as the process of analyzing the structure of hyperlink
using graph theory. There are many proposed algorithms for web structure mining such as
PageRank Algorithm, HITS, Weighted PageRank Algorithm (WPR), Topic Sensitive PageRank
Algorithm (TSPR), Weighted Page Content Rank Algorithm (WPCR) and Weighted PageRank
based on Visits of Links (VOL).
EHST14/CC/014
Review on Various Enhanced K Means Clustering Algorithms
1
138
2
Parminder Singh and Shruti Aggarwal
M.Tech Student, 2Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique used to place data elements into
related groups without advance knowledge of the group definitions. Among various types of
clustering techniques, K-means is one of the most popular algorithms. The output of the Kmeans depends upon the chosen central values for clustering. The objective of K-means
clustering algorithm is to make the distances of objects in the same cluster as small as possible. In
this review paper, we present the K-means clustering algorithm and enhancements of K-means
clustering algorithm given by various researchers.
1
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/CC/015
An Analytical Review of Speech and Signature Fusion Techniques
Navneet Kaur1,Gaganpreet Kaur2, Dr. Dheerendra Singh3
1
2
Student, Assistant Professor, Department of computer science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
(e-mail: [email protected])
3
Professor, SUSCET, Tangori, Punjab
(e-mail: [email protected])
In this we address the security of multimodal biometric systems when one of the modes is
successfully spoofed. Here, novel fusion schemes are discussed that can increase the security of
multimodal biometric systems using Speech and Signature. In this paper, the method used for
fusion of speech and signature are discussed at different levels. It broadly discusses speech and
signature fusion schemes include feature matching, normalization.
Keywords: Biometric fusion, Speech, Signature, Feature Matching.
EHST14/CC/016
Integration of Association Rule and Decision Tree for High
Resolution Image Classification
1
2
Deepika Goyal and Shruti Aggarwal
M.Tech Student, 2Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
[email protected], [email protected]
Data mining is a process of finding the relationships in data and discovering patterns with
the help of various data mining tools, to make valid predictions. Data mining and Databases are
rich with hidden information that can be used for decision making for business analysis.
Classification is used for classify the data and predict the class labels. Prediction and
Classification and are two forms of data analysis that can be used to extract models that
describing important data. Association rules are important features for image classification,
rational selection, effective rules and the mining is the key issues for accurate classification. The
Association Rules analysis is used for mining strong rules from an image, and the decision tree is
used for finding the optimal rules for classification. In this paper, an approach that integrates
Association Rules Analysis and Decision Tree is presented and applied to Object-Oriented High
Resolution Image Classification.
1
139
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/CC/017
Web Mining: Techniques and Challenges
Rupinder Kaur1 Kamaljit Kaur2
1
2
Student, Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
(E-mail: [email protected]).
World Wide Web is the largest source of information. Most of the data on the web is
dynamic and is in unstructured form. It becomes difficult to get the relevant data from the web.
More and more technologies are being proposed to efficiently retrieve the data from the web.
Data Mining is the field of computer science which is used to extract knowledge from very large
amount of data. Web mining is the application of data mining, which implements various
techniques of data mining to get the efficient knowledge from the web data. This paper presents
an overview of what is Web Mining, components of web mining i.e web content mining, web
structure mining and web usage mining. Various techniques of data mining that are used in web
mining are discussed like classification and clustering. Next various applications of web mining
and major challenges to it are outlined. At last, we conclude and provide future scope of web
mining.
EHST14/CC/018
Hybrid Clustering and Classification for Entropy Reduction: A Review
1
2
Palwinder Kaur , Usvir Kaur
1
Student, 2Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
Clustering is the unsupervised learning problem. Clustering improves accuracy of
search results and helps to reduce the retrieval time. Clustering dispersion known as entropy is
the disorderness that occur after retrieving search results . Entropy occurs due to dispersion in
clustering. Clustering with weighted k-mean results in unlabelled data. Unlabelled data can be
labeled by using neural network. A neural network is an interconnected group of nodes, a kin to
the vast network of neurons in a brain. Classification we can use neural networks because they
can recognize the pattern.
140
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/CC/019
A Review on Spatial Data Clustering Algorithms for
Regionalization
1
2
Geetinder Saini , Kamajit Kaur
1
Student, 2Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
(E-mail: [email protected]).
Regionalization is one of the important problems which are faced by spatial data mining
while representing economic and social geography. Regionalization is the process of delineating
a large set of spatial objects into a smaller number of spatially contiguous regions while
optimizing the homogeneity measure of the derived regions. Regionalization is a classification
procedure applied to spatial objects with an area representation is used for effectual policy. The
intent of regionalization is to find spatially compact and dense regions of arbitrary shape with a
homogeneous internal distribution of non-spatial variables. Clustering is an important task in
data mining in which the data which is similar are putting in one group. Spatial clustering is a
process of grouping a set of spatial objects into clusters so that objects within a cluster have high
similarity in comparison to one another, but are dissimilar to objects in other clusters. This paper
discusses and reviews different clustering algorithm which is used for regionalization.
EHST14/CC/026
Optimizing Energy Efficiency of Wireless Sensor Network using
Genetic Algorithm
1
2
Rajdeep Kaur and Ravneet Kaur
1
2
Student, Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
E-Mail: [email protected] , [email protected]
Wireless sensor network consist of tiny and autonomous nodes that are operated by small
batteries. The life time of wireless sensor nodes are totally dependent upon battery life time.
These batteries may not be frequently rechargeable and removable. Thus energy efficiency is a
critical issue in wireless sensor network to be considered. As genetic algorithm is best clustering
technique and graph theory is best for finding the shortest path for routing the data. Thus this
paper combines both techniques to significantly improve energy efficiency of wireless sensor
network. Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize the energy efficiency of wireless sensor nodes.
The proposed work is divided into three phases. First phase make cluster and perform cluster
head election using Genetic algorithm. Second phase calculate distance using coordinate of
nodes and in third phase calculate shortest path for routing data from cluster head to base station
using graph theory. Finally transmission of data takes place.
141
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/CC/027
Membrane Computing Optimization for Web Content
Classification: A Review
1
2
Prabhjot Kaur and Ravneet Kaur
1
Student, 2Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
E-Mail: [email protected] , [email protected]
Increase in the amount of information on the Web has caused the need for Web
pages to develop some optimization techniques. Membrane computing is a new branch of
natural computing with distributed and parallel computing models The purpose of Membrane
Computing is to select the best features for web page classification problem. This paper review
comparison of Membrane computing with some bio inspired optimization algorithms.
EHST14/CC/028
Virtual Machine Mapping and Load Balancing Based on
Resource Monitoring and High Response in Cloud
Jaswinder Kaur1, Supriya2
1
2
Research Scholar, Assistant professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
In cloud computing, virtual machine allocation problem is key to build a cloud
environment. The system should avoid wasting resources as result of under utilization and avoid
lengthy response time as result of over utilization. This paper present a load balancing method by
virtual machine mapping policy based on resource monitor and counter variable. Resource
monitor scheme collect the information about resources from physical hosts, and the counter
variable is set to maximum number of requests handled by a server cluster. As requests comes to
scheduler, it map them to appropriate data center by checking counter i.e. the minimum value of
counter will be chosen (lightly loaded).As in each data center the resource monitor maintain a
resource quota list of the cluster node pool, so it map the request to appropriate PM based on
whether it can meet the request resource requirements. The results for this scheme have been
observed on basis of the above explained scenario. Experimental result shows that this algorithm
performed well and gives appropriate mapping of requests with high response ratio. Results
show that load is equally balanced and resources are properly utilized.
142
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/CC/029
Efficient Resource Scheduling in Green Clouds based on Jobs Priority
1
2
Arshjot Kaur and Supriya
Research Scholar, 2Assistant professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
Cloud computing has emerged as an optimal way of sharing and providing resources
over the internet. Its service models have helped a lot in providing sources easily to the users.
Green computing is now gaining a lot of importance and is in an intense situation where all the
major issues need to be resolved. Rapid growth of the internet, increasing cooling requirements
and increased rate of power has let to the adoption of green computing. Implementation of green
computing has become important so as to secure our environment. Emphasis has been laid on
virtualisation, power management, material recycling and telecommunicating. Still a lot needs
to be done. The work habits of the computer users and business can be modified to minimize
adverse impact on the global environment. Job scheduling is one of the challenging issues in
green cloud computing. A lot of work has been done on deciding the priority of the job an time
issues so as to provide efficient execution of user jobs. Assigning the right priority with reduced
time and less energy consumption needs to be focused on.
1
EHST14/CC/030
Text Clustering Algorithms: A Review
1
2
Manpreet Kaur and Navpreet Kaur Walia
1
2
Student, Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
E-Mail: [email protected] , [email protected]
A clustering algorithm finds a partition of a set of objects that fulfills some criterion
based on the conditions. Clustering is an unsupervised method of learning. Most text clustering
algorithms are based on the vector space model which has the advantages of simple concept and
convenient applications. This paper presents various existing text clustering algorithms. The
Latent Semantic analysis method takes the relationship between words into account and
supposed to be an improved model of VSM while K-Mean clustering algorithm has
shortcoming, which depend on the initial clustering center and needs to fix the number of
clusters in advance. Vector Space model also has problems, such as high dimensional and sparse
which can be optimized using various optimization techniques such as PSO (Pollination Based
Optimization).
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EHST14/CC/031
An Analytical Review of Image Registration
Krishma1 and Navpreet Kaur Walia2
1
2
Student, Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
E-Mail: [email protected] , [email protected]
Image registration is a process of transforming an image into the shape and size of the
another image. The registration process is specifically helpful in the medical industry and the
effectiveness of the transformation also depends upon the size and kind of rotations which an
image possesses at the time of registration. This paper presents a review of the existing methods
of the image registration such as one of the most important transformations is DCT which is a
wavelet transformation which is used to generate the waveform of the input file. In fuzzy logic,
three stages occur. In first stage, image fuzzification is used to modify the membership values of
a specific data set or image. After the image data are transformed from gray-level plane to the
membership plane using fuzzification, appropriate fuzzy techniques modify the membership
values. This can be a fuzzy clustering, a fuzzy rule-based approach, or a fuzzy integration
approach. Decoding of the results, called defuzzification, then results in an output image.
EHST14/CC/032
Comparison of Two Novel Techniques for the Detection of Breast
Cancer
1
144
2
Navpreet Kaur Walia and Simarjeet Kaur
1
Assistant Professor, 2Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Breast Cancer is one of the major and commonest causes of death among women since
the last decades. Mammography is a technique that uses X-rays to provide an image of the breast.
In this paper, two novel techniques for the detection of cancer are discussed. The first novel
method is carried out with the assistance of morphological operations and Artificial Neural
Networks (ANNs). In this type of approach, the first two steps the images at hand are enhanced
and segmented using contrast stretching and a morphological approach and then in the next step
some texture features are computed, and finally, the extracted features are passed through a pretrained neural network. . in the second noval technique, detection is done on mammography
images using Morphological operators and Fuzzy c – means clustering for cancer tumor mass
segmentation. In this approach, the first step of the cancer signs detection is a segmentation
procedure able to distinguish masses and micro calcifications from background tissue using
Morphological operators and finally fuzzy c- means clustering (FCM) algorithm is implemented
for intensity – based segmentation.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/CC/033
Clustering and Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks:
Analytical Review
Vinay Bhardwaj and Ravneet Kaur
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
[email protected],[email protected]
Amit Verma3
3
Assistant Professor
Department of Information Technology
Beant College of Engineering. and Technology
[email protected]
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a new powerful technology used in many
applications such as Military operations, Telemonitoring, Air pollution detection, Intelligent Transport
Systems (ITS) etc. These networks consist of many Sensor Nodes (SNs), which are not only used for
monitoring but also capturing the required data from the environment. Clustering is most common
technique which is used to minimize energy consumption. In this paper, we present various clustering
techniques on the basis of network lifetime, throughput and dead nodes. One of the most popular protocol
for clustering in WSNs is Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) which is based on
adaptive clustering technique.
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NANOTECHNOLOGY
EHST/BN/02
ZnS quantum dots doped with Manganese passivized with EDTA for
detecting Calcium ion concentration.
*
Harsimran Singh Bindra, Amandeep Singh Pannu, Manoj Sharma
Department Of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib (Pb.), India
*Author for correspondence: - [email protected]
Calcium is the fifth most abundant element on this planet, essential for us in many aspects biologically
and chemically but as we see it has been said that excess of everything is bad in a similar demeanor, if the
concentration of calcium is increased in the human body it could lead to inimical effects. On an average
scale it has been recorded that a normal healthy human acquires calcium ranging between 1000mg/day to
1200mg/day. The present work displays the detection craft for calcium concentration by analysing the
fluctuation achieved in U.V. absorbance of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) doped with Manganese (Mn) when
passivated with EDTA (Ethylene Diaminetetra Acetic Acid). EDTA performs the dual function of surface
stabilization and secondly exhibits strong affinity for calcium. A variety of fluctuations were perceived in
U.V. absorbance of ZnS when it is mixed with diverse concentration of calcium solution.
EHST/BN/03
Potential Applications of Nanotechnology in Food Industry
Suresh Bhise*1, Amarjeet Kaur2 and Monika Hans3
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
2
Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
3
Assistant Professor, Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab,
India.
*Email: [email protected]
1
146
Nanotechnology is rapidly growing field of research and development concern with building
things on the scale of atoms and molecule. Nanomaterials have been defined as having one or more
dimensions measuring 100nm or less, or having at least one dimension at this scale which affects the
materials behaviour and properties. Nano food describes food which has been cultivated, produced,
processed or packaged using nanotechnology techniques or tools, or to which manufactured nonmaterial
have been added. It has a potential to revolutionize the scientific world by allowing scientist to
manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular scale using physics, chemistry, biology and engineering.
Nanotechnology has potential to increase efficiency of energy consumption, clean the environment and
solve major health problems. Applications of nanotechnology include food design, food security, food
biotechnology, food safety, some others such as nanosensors, encapsulation in space food and processing
equipments. Nanotechnology offer a way to produce very high quality foods in a much more sustainable
way, while offering better bioavailability of (micro) nutrients. Huge contribution in research and
development that nanotechnology can make is very strong argument in favour of using this revolutionary
technique to its fullest potential in Food Industry.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST/BN/04
Removal of Arsenic from water using Magnetic Nanoparticles
Mandeep Singh1, Harmanpreet Singh1, *Mandeep Singh1
1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh
Sahib)-140406
*[email protected]
Higher environmental standards have made the removal of
arsenic from water an
important problem from for environmental engineering. Iron oxide is a particularly interesting
sorbent to consider for this application .Is magnetic properties allow relatively routine dispersal
and recovery of the adsorbent into and from groundwater or industrial processing facilities; in
addition ,iron oxide has strong and specific interactions with both As (III) and As (V). Finally
this material can be produced with nanoscale dimensions, which enhance both its capacity and
removal. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential arsenic adsorption by nanoscale
iron oxides, specifically magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles .We focus on the effect of Fe3O4
particle size on the adsorption and desorption of arsenic (III) & arsenic (V) .The result show that
the nanoparticle has dramatic effect on the adsorption and desorption of arsenic. As the particle
size decreased from 300 to 12nm adsorption capacities for both arsenic (III) & arsenic (V).
Interestingly such an increase is more than expected from the simple consideration of surface
area and suggests that nanoscale iron oxide materials sorb arsenic through different means than
bulk systems.
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EHST/BN/05
Comparison of Particle size distribution of Copper Nano Particles
Synthesis via Chemical and Green Synthetic Routes.
Neerja1, J.J. Mohindroo2, Neha3 and Radhika3
1 Department of Physics, D.A.V. College, Amritsar
2 Department of Chemistry, D.A.V. College, Amritsar
3 P.G. Students of Department of Physics, D.A.V. College, Amritsar
Correspondence: email id: [email protected] , [email protected]
We proposed a simple and noval mehod of synthesizing copper nano particles using
Ascorbic acid as reducing agent. The method involves adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) as
capping agent for stabilizing the copper nano particles. The size distribution of synthesized
particles was in the range 80-100 nm. The same particles were synthesized by using traditional
reducing agent such as NaBH4 via Chemical Reduction method and a comparison of the size
distribution was made. It was concluded that particles synthesized by Green Synthetic method
were having a better size distribution pattern which was confirmed by TEM and XRD studies.
Keywords :- Copper Nano Particles, Green Synthesis Method, Chemical Reduction, TEM and
XRD.
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EHST/BN/06
Surfactant Based Synthesis of ZnS Nanorods and Study of their
Optical Properties
1
1
1
1*
Rupinder Kaur , Manjinder Singh , Manoj Sharma , Amandeep Singh
1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
* adeep.pannu@gmail
The semiconductor photo luminescent materials like ZnS, ZnO etc. gain very interesting properties when
their size is reduced to nanoscale. These nanoparticles absorb in UV region. Currently one dimensional nanomaterial like nanorods, nanowires or nanotubes gains much attention in research field due to their very interesting
optical properties. ZnS nanomaterials are widely used in fabrication of optoelectronic devices such as solid state
solar cells, photoconductors, field effect transistor, electronic chips and many more. Number of methods has been
used for the synthesis of ZnS nanorods. This paper presents some results from a study of optical properties and
synthesis of ZnS nanorods. The work presents wet chemical surfactant based method for synthesis of these one
dimensional materials. When the concentration of surfactant is increased from its CMC it makes different forms like
cylindrical, reverse micelle etc. Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, CMC = 0.001M) is used as a
surfactant with concentrations 0.01 and 0.1M and a simple reduction method was used for synthesis of ZnS
nanorods. Influencing factors like structure and dopant concentration are investigated to know their effects on their
optical properties.
EHST/BN/07
Development of semiconductor nanocrystal based White LEDs for
energy efficient solid state lighting (Review)
Manpreet Kaur1, Shefali Sharma2, Amandeep Singh, Manoj Sharma1*
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
21
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World
University, Fatehgarh Sahib
Corresponding Author: Dr Manoj Sharma ([email protected])
1
Around 20% of domestic energy consumption is used for the production of light. In response to the
demands for energy and the concerns of global warming and climate change, energy efficient and environmentally
friendly solid-state lighting, such as white light emitting diodes (WLEDs), is considered to be the most promising
and suitable light source. Because of their small size, high efficiency, and long lifetime, WLEDs based on colloidal
semiconductor nanocrystals (or quantum dots) are emerging as a completely new technology platform for the
development of flat-panel displays and solid-state lighting, exhibiting the potential to replace the conventionally
used incandescent and fluorescent lamps. This replacement can cut the ever-increasing level of energy
consumption, solve the problem of rapidly depleting fossil fuel reserves, and improve the quality of the global
environment. White light solid state lighting (SSL) LEDs are expected to reduce worldwide electricity consumption
by ~ 50% and total consumption of electricity by more than 10%. The white LEDs (WLEDs) are excellent
candidates for general lightening because of their rapidly improving efficiency, durability, and reliability and their
environment friendly constituents. This paper highlights the recent developments in semiconductor nanocrystalsbased solid-state lighting (i.e., WLEDs) in terms of three different approaches to generating white light, including
discrete color mixing, color conversion, and direct white-light generation. Out of these three approaches our group
wants to work on third approach with modifications (direct white-light generation from doped and alloyed nontoxic
semiconductor nanocrystal encapsulated with silica shell or multishell based WLEDs). This review paper is
supported based on latest national and international literature survey discussed later. This paper reflects why
intended approach seem to be superior based on requirements needed for WLEDs as commercial replacement to
inefficient incandescent lamps and mercury containing fluorescent lamps (CFLs).
149
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EHST/BN/08
Grain size dependent structural and electrical properties of BiFeO3
thin films synthesized by the sol-gel method
Manpreet Kaur
S.G.G.S.W University, Fetahgarh sahib.
1
1
Mintu Tyagi, Puneet Sharma
1
School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala-147004 Punjab, India
We report the synthesis of bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films by the sol-gel method and deposited
by spin-coating technique followed by annealing at different temperatures. Effect of annealing temperature on
structural and electrical properties of BFO thin film has been investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern analyses
confirm the formation of single phase polycrystalline BFO thin films with distorted rhombohedral structure
perovskite-type. It is clear from the AFM and FE-SEM micrographs that, the grain size found to increase with
increasing annealing temperature. Elongated grains were observed at higher annealing temperature. All films
showed the ferroelectric and dielectric behaviour. The films annealed at 500ºC showed a well saturated
polarization (P)- electric field (E) loop. However, ferroelectricity found to decrease with increasing temperature.
The remnant polarization and saturation polarization values decrease with increasing annealing temperature. The
frequency dependent dielectric permittivity increases with increasing temperature. Better crystallization of thin
films at higher annealing temperature is responsible for improving the dielectric constant. The anomaly in
temperature dependent dielectric permittivity at nanoscale BFO is observed at magnetic transition point.
EHST/BN/09
Carbon Nano Tubes In Drug Delivery And Cancer Therapy.
1
1
*Varun Chhabra , Mandeep Singh
1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh
Sahib)-140406 *[email protected]
The ways to treat cancer are to use things that can be targeted. Smart things like carbon nanotubes. Cancer
is a very complicated disease it is hard to figure out and then to treat. Cancer is a disease where your own cells go
haywire, they grow and don't stop. So they are different than normal cells but still they are in a lot of ways the same.
Treating cancer is a problem, because you can't use things that are really toxic, otherwise they will kill those normal
cells. Carbon nanotubes are made of carbon, they are really thin, only a few nanometers across and thousands could
fit into a cell. Carbon Nanotubes are coated with folic acid that is vitamin B and as carbon nano tubes are hollow they
are loaded with anti-cancer drug It turns out that cancer cells have a lot of folic acid receptors, proteins on the
outside of a cell that bind folic acid. So the cancer cells bind folic acid coated carbon nanotubes and then the carbon
nanotubes get inside the cancer cell. Once inside an infrared laser is used to heat up the carbon nanotubes. One
property of carbon nanotubes is that they absorb infrared light and heat up but human body is transparent to infrared.
So by shining a laser, the cancer cells with the carbon nanotubes can be selectively heated up, while the normal cells
don't heat up at all. It doesn't take much heat to kill a cell, only a few degrees and then the cell begins to die and anticancer drug is spreads in affected area.
150
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EHST/BN/10
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using bark extracts of Acacia
auriculiformis and their antimicrobial activity
Amandeep Kaur1*, Vikas Pahal2, Vinod3, Sarswati3, Meenakshi3, Devinder Singh4
1
Department of Zoology, Dolphin PG College of Life Sciences, Chunni Kalan
2
Department of Microbiology, Dolphin PG College of Life Sciences, Chunni Kalan
3
Department of Biotechnology, Dolphin PG College of Life Sciences, Chunni Kalan
4
Department of Physics, Shri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
Corresponding Author's Email ID: [email protected]
Green nanotechnology is an emerging field of science in today's era due to the properties,
products, minimized or altogether no use of toxic materials and use of natural material in synthesis of
nanoparticle. This provides an efficient control over many of the physical and chemical properties and
their potential application in optoelectronic recording media sensing devices catalysis and medicine.
Plants are the gamut of useful chemicals which can be manipulated for wellbeing of human race. For
centuries, people have used silver for its antibacterial, healing, germicide, disinfectant and curing activity
against variety of disease. Most of the bacterial species developed considerable resistance to synthetic
antibiotics. This necessitates the development of substitute for these chemicals. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) gains considerable attention due to their non-toxicity to humans and broad spectrum antibacterial
nature. Taking these facts in consideration, the present study was envisaged to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of crude bark extract and their silver nanoparticle against three
bacterial species. The plant materials as well as Ag-NPs were resulted in enhanced antibacterial and
antioxidant activity. These crude extracts and Ag-NPs were analyzed by advanced experimental
techniques including Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL) and
Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy.
KEYWORDS: Acacia auriculiformis, silver nanoparticles, antimicrobial, antioxidant, spectroscopy.
EHST/BN/012
Nanomaterials for the Water Treatment Applications
Amandeep Kaur1, Preetpal Kaur1, Varun Chhabra1, Amandeep Singh1, *Mandeep Singh1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh Sahib)-140406
*[email protected]
1
Composite micro-materials with nano-additives act as a good carrier for the water purification
and separation technology. The adsorption of toxic elements onto the surface of the material increases as
we move from bulk to nanoscale due to increase in surface to volume ratio. However, due to the fine size,
they are somehow be properly removed after the water treatment, which itself leads to much complexity
in utilization of such materials at nanoscale. So, we are synthesizing the composite materials with nano
additives so to overcome the separation problem and take the advantage of the nanoscale properties.
Other, parameters that we are taking into account is the cost of the material and its availability. If the
material is costly or the availability is not local than such material utilization at large scale will be
difficult. We are making the mesoporous silica microparticles with the attachment of the magnetic
nanoparticle onto its surface. The microporous silica synthesized using the sol-gel technique and the we
prepare the composite materials using wet chemical method. The composite will be study for the removal
of heavy element arsenic (As5+) from the aqueous medium at Ph = 7, and the adsorption isotherms will be
studied. The chemistry regarding the adsorption of the arsenate onto the material surface will be studied
also especially w.r.t physical and chemical adsorptions.
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EHST/BN/013
SYNTHESIS OF HIERARCHICALLY POROUS METAL OXIDE
MONOLITHS BY NANOCASTING INTO SILICA MONOLITHS
1
,1
Manmeet Singh and Soumen Basu*
1
Dept. of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib,
Punjab, India * [email protected]
High surface area metal oxides nanomaterials are of great importance in many applications,
including catalysis, electronics, and sensor technology. Metal oxide nanocrystals, used as
electrochemical capacitor have high surface areas and large pore volumes; provide an increased number
of surface sites available for electrochemical reactions when compared to planar structure of the same
material composition. Ruthenium dioxide, which exhibits specific pseudocapacitance in the range of 720
-1
to 850 F g has been described as the “gold standard” of pseudocapacitors, due to fast, reversible electron
transfer reactions in acidic media. However, the high cost of RuO2 has prevented this material from being
utilized in commercially available devices. Other metal oxides, such as nickel oxides, manganese oxides,
vanadium oxides, and cobalt oxides have been reported in the literature as cost efficient alternatives to
RuO2. These porous metal oxide nanostructures were synthesized with tuneable mesopour size which
will be used as electrochemical capacitors or high surface area catalyst. These nanostructured metal
oxides can provide meaningful preliminary information of the electrochemical capacitance performance
from a fundamental standpoint. Structural parameters such as specific surface area; macro-, meso-, and
micro-pore volumes; and metal oxide mass loadings figure directly into a material's performance as
electrochemical capacitors.
References:
1. Biz, S.; Occelli, M. L.; Catal. Rev. 1998, 40, 329-407.
2. Maddox Sayler, F.; Bakker, M. G.; Smått, J.-H.; Lindén, M. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114,
3. Nakanishi, K. J. Porous. Mat. 1997, 4, 67-112.
4. Smått, J.-H.; Schunk, S. A.; Lindén, M. Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 2354-2361.
8710-8716.
EHST/BN/014
ADVANCED COMMUNICATION THROUGH FLESH REDTACTON
152
Jasdeep kaur1, Prabhjot kaur2, Navjotkaur3
Rayat Bahra College Of Engineering and Nano-Technology For Women, Hoshiarpur, Punjab
Our body could soon be the backbone of a broadband personal data network linking your mobile
phone or MP3 player to a cordless headset, your digital camera to a PC or printer, and all the gadgets you
carry around to each other. RedTacton is a new; it is completely distinct from wireless and infrared. A
transmission path is formed at the moment a part of the human body in contact with a RedTacton
transceiver. Physically separating ends the contact and thus ends communication. Human Area
Networking technology that uses the surface of the human body as a safe, high speed network
transmission path. Uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the human body .Technically
according to the user's natural, physical movements. Communication is possible using any body surfaces,
such as the hands, fingers, arms, feet, face, legs or torso. RedTacton works through shoes and clothing as
well. Here, the human body acts as a transmission medium supporting half-duplex communication at
10Mbit/s. The key component of the transceiver is an electric-field sensor implemented with an electro
optic crystal and laser light.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST/BN/015
Evaluating the Colloidal Size Effect w.r.t Concentration
Effect among Gold Nanoparticles Sols
1
1
1
1
Karamjit Kaur Buttar , Amar Singh , Varun Chhabra ,*Mandeep Singh
1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh
Sahib)-140406 *[email protected]
Gold nano particles are very attractive because of their size and shape dependent properties and found its
immense applications in various electronic and biomedical industrial applications. Various bottom-up approaches
are being followed to obtain the gold nanoparticles like sol-gel, micro-emulsions, precipitation, matrix growth etc.
However, precipitation and sol-gel methods are mostly used to obtain the gold sols. These methods are being
followed because the quality of the products is very good, thus can be applied in various fields especially in
biomedical applications. Colloidal nano particles (spheres) have been prepared from chloro-auric acid i.e. HAuCl4
by wet chemical method. Gold nanoparticles in aqueous dispersion were prepared using the trisodium citrate
(1molar) reduction method to control the size of particles by changing the concentration of HAuCl4 and trisodium
citrate. It shows that colour of nanoparticles change from light pink to dark pink as we increase concentration of
HAuCl4 and trisodium citrate. The colour of gold nano particles is due to oscillations of electron in conduction band
known as surface Plasmon oscillation. Peak of gold nanoparticles is measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Further the
hydrodynamic size will be evaluated to note down the effect of concentration in colloidal suspensions. Once we
evaluate the colloidal size effect, we will obtain the Langmuir-Blodgett thin films and study its I-V i.e. currentvoltage characteristics. Our main aim is to utilize these thin films in the making of biomedical transistors.
EHST/BN/016
Green Synthesis of Brucite Nanoparticles
Gurpreet Kaur1 and Soumen Basu*,1
1
Dept. of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib,
Punjab, India * [email protected]
In the past decades, the produced engineered nanoparticles have experienced exponential growth. As a
result, these produced nanoparticles are used in a number of existing consumer products or brands and developing
technologies. However, nowadays the most important concept to study their biological interaction and toxicity. The
main problem faced by nanotechnology researchers, is that the properties that make nanoparticles promising (i.e.
they have very distinguish behavior from that of its bulk form). It is incredibly difficult to predict the effect of
nanoparticles on human health and environment. It is important to search impact of such nanoparticles for safe
manufacture, use and disposal of engineered nanoparticles and nanoproducts.
Emerging research has suggested that biological response of nanoparticles may be dependant on various
number of properties i.e. size, chemical composition, surface chemistry and shape. Recently, environmental
halogen free flame retardant , Brucite have attracted attention of researchers due to its smoke suppression property,
nontoxic in nature and good thermal stability. In pharmaceutical applications, it is widely considered due to its
nontoxicity and synthesized using environmental benign solvents. In this thesis, the synthesis of brucite
nanoparticles via green route with functionalization of two different vitamins i.e. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) and
Vitamin M (Folic acid) have been investigated.
These Green nano Brucite were synthesized through coprecipitation method. The capping of Brucite
nanoparticles was done by using Vitamins as they are good reducing as well as stabilizing agents. The capping
property of vitamin moieties with brucite nanoparticle has been accounted using FTIR analysis. X-ray Diffraction
and TEM transmission electron microscope techniques were used to characterize Green Brucite nanoparticles.
153
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EHST/BN/018
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial study
1
1
1
1
Amar Singh , Manrajvir Singh , Amandeep Singh , *Mandeep Singh
1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh
Sahib)-140406 *[email protected]
The metal nanoparticles have received increased attention of worldwide material
researcher's community. Interestingly, noble metal nanoparticles such as that of Gold (Au) and
Silver (Ag) have shown promising application due to their extraordinary electrical and optical
behavior. Moreover, organizing these nanoparticles in an orderly fashion especially w.r.t to size
enables their utilization in the area of plasmonic, nano-electronic, catalysis and sensing. These
manually controlled structures acquire their physical properties not so much due to their
composition but because of the periodic arrangement. These closed packed monolayers are
compatible with many optical excitation wavelengths due to their broad scattering profiles. This
is because of electromagnetic coupling between them, which leads to creation of narrower
plasmonic bands. There were many Top-Down and Bottom-Up approaches to obtain Ag
nanoparticles. The techniques such as precipitation, sol-gel, microemulsion etc. are being
widely followed by the researchers to obtain these Ag nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes.
Different surfactants are also being used to capped the nanoparticles, so that Ag nanosols can be
obtained. We synthesis the Ag nanoparticles using wet chemical approach as follows: We take a
0.3 gm of fructose and dissolve it in 20 mL of distilled water in a 100 ml beaker. Then add 10 µL
of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in it, followed by the addition of 100 µL of silver nitrate (AgNO3
10-2 M) solution into it. After properly stirring the mixture, we heat using water bath at the
temperature 70-75°C. After 10-20 minutes, the silver solution will turn yellow indicating the
formation of the corresponding metal nanoparticles. From U-V visible the peak is at 416 nm &
absorbance is 0.228 which confirms the evolution of silver nanoparticles.
Further the
hydrodynamic size being evaluated w.r.t different concentrations. The Ag thin films were
obtained and its anti-bacterial study is being studied.
154
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EHST/BN/019
Synthesis and Characterisation of Polymer coated Nickel
Nanoparticles and study their Langmuir-Blodgett Thin Films
Hardeep Singh Jhinjer1, Jasmeet Singh1, Manish Kumar2, Amandeep Singh1, *Mandeep Singh1
1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh Sahib)
2
Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30C- 160030
*[email protected]
Humans always being fascinated by the way magnetism plays its role in various
dimensions. After the advent of nanotechnology field, we started thinking about its nano
dimensions especially w.r.t to its magnetic properties. When the magnetic nanoparticles size
decreases from bulk to nano scale, its saturation magnetization increases and the hysteresis
affect diminishes at a particular size i.e. single domain. These properties are recently being
exploited in various biomedical and electronic applications. Magnetic nanoparticles can be
synthesized using various approaches like Bottom-up and Top-down approaches. However,
Bottom-Up approach is much followed by the researchers for the quality and quantity of the
product obtained. We have synthesized nickel (Ni) nanoparticles using nickel chloride as a
precursor in ethanol using PVP (Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone) as a surfactant and hydrazine hydrate as
reducing agent at 60 °C in a facile manner. The structural analysis showed that particles are facecentered cubic and monodisperse within the PVP matrix with average size about 3 nm. The
fabrication of monolayer/multilayer films of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized Ni
nanoparticles via Langmuir–Blodgett method is being studied. The NiCo alloy suspension was
spread to the interface of air/water and transferred to the glass surface. The formation of a
Langmuir monolayer/multilayer of PVP stabilized NiCo particles at air/ water interface were
revealed with the pressure-area isotherm curve. Further, the atomic force microscopy results will
be done to study the nanoparticles distribution over the subsrate surface.
155
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EHST/BN/020
Facile synthesis of anisotropic gold nanoparticles using seed mediated approach
1
*1
1
Rupinder Kaur, Himanshi Sharma, Deepak Kukkar
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib140407, Punjab, India
Gold anisotropic nanoparticles were synthesized by seed mediated growth approach.
The seed gold nanoparticles were prepared by simple reduction method using tri sodium citrate
and sodium borohydride. The change in morphology and optical properties of the nanoparticles
was observed by varying the concentration of sodium borohydride. The seeds were then added in
the solution of aurochloric acid and surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. A weak
reducing agent Ascorbic acid was used then for reduction of the precursor. The optical properties
of prepared nanoparticles, both seed and final anisotropic nanoparticles were studied by UVvisible spectrophotometer and the hydrodynamic size was characterized by particle size
analyzer. The anisotropic gold nanoparticles exhibited one SPR band at 316 nm and second at
622 nm. The average size of the nanoparticles determined by particle size analyzer was found to
be 43.44 nm with polydispersity index of 0.540. The as synthesized nanoparticles can hive
diverse applications owing to their comparatively higher surface area to volume ratio.
Key words: Seed mediated growth method, anisotropic nanoparticles, surfactant,
hydrodynamic diameter.
EHST/BN/021
GROWTH OF PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES ON ITO GLASS
SUBSTRATES
1,
156
1
1
Jagmeet Singh Grewal Mohit Rawat and Sandeep Kaur *
1
Dept. of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University,
Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
* [email protected]
In recent years, we are studying on the seed-mediated growth method as a new strategy to
attach and grow metal nanoparticles on conducting substrates, such as indium tin oxide (ITO). In
this method, Palladium nanoparticles can be fixed via a simple two-step immersion of the
substrate into two different solutions at room temperature. In the first step, the nano-seed
particles are inferred to attach on the surfaces by just immersing the substrates into the metal
colloid solution (the seed solution) via the physi-sorption. In the second step, gradual
nanocrystal growth from the nano-seed particles attached on the substrate is considered to occur
via the chemical reduction of metal ions in the solution containing surfactants (the growth
solution). After the growth treatment for 24 hr, Pd NPs grew up to 60-80 nm, exhibiting crystallike appearances. Thus prepared Pd NPs tend to stick each other, so that the dense gathering of
PdNPs was observed on the ITO surfaces. In this paper, some details of our preparation methods
of Palladium nanoparticle-attached ITO electrodes, Optical and electrochemical behaviour,
other characterization like AFM, SEM, XRD of thus fabricated materials are summarized.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST/BN/022
The Brain Fingerprinting Technology A patented new technique of
proven accuracy
1
2
3
Prabhjot kaur , Jasdeep kaur , Navjot kaur
Rayat Bahra College Of Engineering and Nano-Technology For Women, Hoshiarpur, Punjab
Brain Fingerprinting is a new computer-based technology to identify the perpetrator of a crime accurately
and scientifically by measuring brain-wave responses to crime-relevant words or pictures presented on a computer
screen. Brain Fingerprinting has proven 100% accurate in over 120 tests, including tests on FBI agents, tests for a
US intelligence agency and for the US Navy, and tests on real-life situations including felony crimes.
EHST/BN/023
Palladium Nanoparticles synthesis by ex-situ approach and study of
its structural and Colloidal behavior
Jaskaran Singh1, Balpreet Singh1, Himanshi Sharma1, Amanjot Kaur1,*Mandeep Singh1
1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh
Sahib)-140406 *[email protected]
Nanotechnology has great impact on the way the human society progress in 21st century. From the methods
of synthesis, to characterisation and their applications, a vast impact was seen from 1990's onwards by the various
researchers in different fields covering the aspects of mathematics, physics, chemistry, computers and biological
sciences. Palladium nanoparticles can be synthesized using top down and bottom up approaches. There are various
synthesis procedures to obtain them like sol-gel method; micro-emulsion method; laser ablation method; ballmilling method; precipitation methods etc. We had followed ex-situ bottom up approach for the synthesis of
palladium (Pd) nanoparticles and these are coated by Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer. Palladium nanoparticle
coated by PVP is of different shapes and sizes. PVP is used to stabilize Pd nanoparticle of various shapes. In ex-situ
approach, surfactants are added after adding precipitation agent. This approach is also called multistep approach
because it is carried out in two or more than two steps. The protective polymer PVP apparently stabilizes the Pd
nanoparticle by preventing them from aggregating. The carbonyl group of PVP partially co-ordinate to the surface
Pd atoms of the Pd nanoparticles. Such co-ordination is confirmed by FTIR measurements. Part of the main chain of
PVP is also expected to be adsorbed on the surface Pd atoms by hydrophobic interaction. Accordingly the amount of
PVP added to the solution is expected to affect the growth process for the Pd nanoparticles. Thus, in future, the
change in size of Pd nanoparticles could be investigated by varying the amount of PVP polymer.
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EHST/BN/024
Evaluating the Colloidal Size Effect w.r.t Concentration Effect among
Gold Nanoparticles Sols
1
1
1
1
Karamjit Kaur Buttar , Amar Singh , Varun Chhabra ,*Mandeep Singh
1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh
Sahib)-140406 *[email protected]
Gold nano particles are very attractive because of their size and shape dependent properties and found its
immense applications in various electronic and biomedical industrial applications. Various bottom-up approaches
are being followed to obtain the gold nanoparticles like sol-gel, micro-emulsions, precipitation, matrix growth etc.
However, precipitation and sol-gel methods are mostly used to obtain the gold sols. These methods are being
followed because the quality of the products is very good, thus can be applied in various fields especially in
biomedical applications. Colloidal nano particles (spheres) have been prepared from chloro-auric acid i.e. HAuCl4
by wet chemical method. Gold nanoparticles in aqueous dispersion were prepared using the trisodium citrate
(1molar) reduction method to control the size of particles by changing the concentration of HAuCl4 and trisodium
citrate. It shows that colour of nanoparticles change from light pink to dark pink as we increase concentration of
HAuCl4 and trisodium citrate. The colour of gold nano particles is due to oscillations of electron in conduction band
known as surface Plasmon oscillation. Peak of gold nanoparticles is measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Further the
hydrodynamic size will be evaluated to note down the effect of concentration in colloidal suspensions. Once we
evaluate the colloidal size effect, we will obtain the Langmuir-Blodgett thin films and study its I-V i.e. currentvoltage characteristics. Our main aim is to utilize these thin films in the making of biomedical transistors.
EHST/BN/025
Polymeric Attachment On Palladium Nanoparticles Using In-Situ Approach and Study
Of Its Size Dependent Colloidal Behavior
Barinder Kaur1, Harvarinder Singh1, Rupinder Kaur1, Gurinder Singh1, Gurpreet
Singh1, *Mandeep Singh1
1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh
Sahib)-140406 *[email protected]
158
With the advent of nanotechnology, human starts thinking about the possibilities to work at the nanoscale,
which impound great fascinating features among the materials showing different behavior w.r.t physical and
chemical properties. These changes in properties, lead to much applications in various fields like biomedical,
chemical and physical sciences. Nanomaterial's can be synthesized using two approaches i.e. Bottom-Up and TopDown. Among them, Bottom-Up approach is much being followed due to its quality of the product obtained
especially the surface morphology features. Various techniques are being followed to synthesize the Palladium
nanoparticles like sol-gel, microemulsion, precipitation etc. We followed Bottom-Up in-situ approach for synthesis
of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles and these are coated by Polyvinylprollidone (PVP) polymer. PVP is used to
stabilize Pd nanoparticles of various shapes. In in-situ approach, surfactant and precipitation agent are add at the
same time. This approach is called single stop approach because it is carried out only in one step. The protective
polymer PVP apparently stabilizes the Pd nanoparticle by preventing them from aggregating and reduces the
particle size. The carbonyl groups of PVP partially co-ordinate to the surface Pd atoms of the Pd nanoparticles. Such
co-ordination is confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy measurements. Part of the main chain of PVP is also
expected to be adsorbed on the surface Pd atoms by hydrophobic interaction. Accordingly the amount of PVP added
to the solution is expected to affect the growth process for the Pd nanoparticles. Thus, in future, the change in size of
Pd nanoparticles could be investigated by varying the amount of PVP polymer and the reaction time.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST/BN/026
FREQUENCY MODES OF GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOTUBES ON
GRAPHITIC SHEET
Dinesh Kumar*,Veena Verma1, Keya Dharamvir2 and H.S.Bhatti
Department of Physics,Punjabi University,Patiala-147002
1
Department of Physics,Govt Shivalik. College, Naya Nangal,Distt. Ropar (Punjab)-140126
2
Center for Advanced studies in Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh- 160 014, India
Corresponding Author E.mail : [email protected]
Knowledge of exotic nanostructures has opened the doors to making a variety of novel materials.
Nanotubes are expected to play a part in future nanometer-scale electrical-mechanical devices, and rolling
fullerenes have been proposed as ideal lubricants Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been in the forefront of
research for some time now. Gallium nitride (GaN) is a structural equivalent of carbon. It is mostly found in the
same phases, and produces similar nano-structures and have fascinating mechanical properties like CNTs.
Gallium nitride nanotube (GaNNT) is a sheet of hexagonal Gallium nitride (h-GaN) rolled seamlessly onto
itself. In understanding the phenomenon of friction, bouncing, rolling, sliding and spinning of GaNNT on hGaN surface is presented. The investigation is also being carried out for rotational and translational energy
barriers.We study the variation of potential energy with distance or angle (as the case may be) as a SWNT is
bounced i.e. the interseparation between the tube and the surface is varied, spun i.e. the tube is rotated about its
various axes, slid lengthwise and breadthwise, as well as rolled on a h-GaN surface. For this calculation, the
interaction between a gallium nitride nanotube and the surface is dictated by Ga-N interaction, assumed to be
governed by a 6-exponential potential. In our model, the tube is taken to be rigid, and so is the sheet. Moreover,
it may be mentioned that this energy of interaction of a tube with a h-GaN surface is quite close to that between
a tube and a h-GaN sheet since the interaction between the tube and other sheets (other than the topmost) of hGaN is neglected as it will add only a small constant term to the potential energy, being far away from the tube
concerned.From the results thus obtained, the minimum energy configuration of the gallium nitride nanotube
happens to be the one that matches the hexagonal pattern of the h-GaN surface below it. The distance of
separation (in z- direction) comes out to be 3.1 A and energy per unit length is obtained to be .1797 eV/A.The
various types of motion of a nanotube on a h-GaN surface, placed in minimum energy position and the
corresponding frequencies and the barrier heights have been calculated. We find that the rolling motion is the
easiest, as there is practically no barrier to this motion. This confirms the earlier observations [1]. The
corresponding frequency is the softest. Likewise, when the tube is sitting at a position of energy minimum
w.r.t. the sheet, the spin about its cylinder axis requires very little energy. The corresponding frequency (4) is
rather soft too. Another motion requiring very little energy is the lengthwise drag when the tube and substrate
are out of registry. The only one of these frequencies falling in the sonic range is that of bounce (1). Also
associated with motion in this direction is the temperature of evaporation (K.E. at which the tube will escape)
and our estimates give this temperature for a SWNT of given diameter and length as ~ 105 K, rather high
compared to room temperature. The next hard frequency in our list is 6 which involves one end of the tube
tipping close to the h-GaN surface. However this motion needs to take flexibility of the tube into account
which is not done in the present calculation. We have made similar calculations for double walled gallium
nitride nanotube of same diameter and get the similar energy barriers as that for SWNT.
It would be interesting to find ways to verify these frequencies experimentally. They can be used in
NEMS (nano-electro-mechanical systems). The estimates using the energy barriers show that at room
temperatures the SWNT's are pretty free to roll, slide and spin on the h-GaN surface. More significantly, the
energy required to separate the tube from the h-GaN surface is enormous and it seems extremely unlikely, for a
tube of length of about 100 A or so, during manipulation experiments, to detach it from the h-GaN surface. In
conclusion, h-GaN sheets seem to be nice storage materials for long gallium nitride nanotubes, where
nanotubes can easily rotate, slide and roll but can't be easily taken away from the surface.
References: 1. S. Gupta, K. Dharamvir and V. K. Jindal, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 18, 1021-1041 (2004)
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EHST/BN/028
Structural Evaluation of Bakelite Polymer Using Different
Concentration and Stirring Rates
Neha1, Harpreet Kaur1, Ramandeep Jain1, Gurpreet Kaur1, *Mandeep Singh1
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh
Sahib)-140406 *[email protected]
Bakelite being the first synthesized man-made polymer, it founds it wide industrial applications
like they are particularly suitable for the emerging electrical and automobile industries because of its
extraordinarily high resistance - not only to electricity, but to heat and chemical action. It was soon used
for all nonconducting parts of radios and other electrical devices, such as bases and sockets for light
bulbs and vacuum tubes, supports for electrical components, automobile distributor caps and other
insulators. Bakelite is used today for wire insulation, brake pads and related automotive components,
and industrial electrical-related applications. In the early 20th century, it was found in myriad
applications including saxophone mouthpieces, whistles, cameras etc. In the pure form it was made into
such articles as pipe stems, buttons, etc. We synthesized Bakelite polymer by the standard condensation
polymerization process of phenol with formaldehyde. It is prepared by condensing phenol with
formaldehyde in the presence of acetic acid alkaline catalyst. The method is as follows: Take 5 mL
glacial acetic acid, 2.5 mL of formalin solution (40% formaldehyde solution) and 2 grams of phenol in a
500 mL beaker. Then, add a few mL of concentrated hydrochloric (HCL) acid into this mixture carefully.
A large mass of pink plastic is formed within five minutes (if concentrated HCL is used slight heating is
required). Wash the residue obtained with distilled water for several times filter and dry the product and
then note its yield. We study the effect of concentration onto the yield effect in order to verify the
suitability of the synthesis procedure. Further, we will note down their hydrodynamic size and study
their chemical and electrical properties.
1
EHST/BN/030
Polymer Nanocomposite Capsules for Biomedical Applications
1
160
1
Vishwa Inder Singh , *Mandeep Singh
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University (Fatehgarh
Sahib)-140406 *[email protected]
Hydrogels exhibit properties like that of natural soft tissue and have tunable
expansion/contraction properties under heat. Biodegradability in an aqueous environment provides
an added advantage, thus avoiding the need for its removal after its use. We will use poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogel systems which is a temperature-responsive polymer and
undergoes a reversible lower critical solution temperature phase transition from a swollen hydrated
state to a shrunken dehydrated state, losing about 90% of its volume. Further, we will investigate
mesoporous hollow silica incorporated with hydrogel 3-D network system along with the model dye
to study the release kinetics of the capsules. In the second area of work, the polymer systems are
altered through the addition of iron oxide nanoparticles to create materials with remote controlled
properties. The ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have the ability to heat in alternating
magnetic field due to the relaxation processes. The use of these nanoscale heating sources into
thermosensitive polymer systems allows remote activation of the physical properties. These
materials can be used for drug delivery systems that act on the mutated cells of the body.
1
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST/BN/031
Synthesis of Boron Carbide nanoparticles by solvo-thermal Route
Paviter Singh, Bikramjeet Singh, Akshay Kumar*
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University,
Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, India *Email:[email protected]
Nanostructured boron carbide (B4C) has the potential to become the new materials for
tools and dies, and wear parts. These particles embedded in the polymer matrix can also be used
as neutron shielding material. In present study B4C nano particles have been synthesized by
solvo-thermal route at a temperature of 750C. The precursor was heated with a carbon source in
presence of a reducing agent at constant heating rate for different time. The synthesized powder
was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and
Differential thermal analysis (DTA). The XRD results revealed that single phase B4C nano
particles were formed. The average particle size is about 20 nm.
EHST/BN/032
Aqueous route synthesis of ZnO nanopowder and its Characterization
a
Rajnish Kaurab*, Mohit Sarafa, Varun A. Chhabrac, Amit L. Sharmaab, Akash Deepab
Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh, 160030, India
b
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh,
c
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University Fatehgarh Sahib.
In this work, a bottom up strategy based on a selective Sol-Gel method for the synthesis
of ZnO nanopowder is reported. Zinc Nitrate hydrate [Zn (NH3)2·6H2O] was used as precursor
and Glycine [C2H5NO2] as a fuel material. Both chemicals were taken according to
0
stoichiometric ratios and stirred at about 60 C. The obtained gel was dried in a furnace in a
temperature range from 200-5000C to give a fine granular powder with high yield and good
homogeneity throughout the mass. The resultant powder was further characterized by various
spectrophotometric techniques such as UV-Vis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
Spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence (PL) techniques were also used for
size calculations, fluorescence studies, respectively.
Strong luminescent behavior of ZnO gel was confirmed as it emits intense blue emission
when the powder was exposed to UV radiation at room temperature. Appearance of various IR
bends in FT-IR spectra confirms the synthesis of ZnO. The average crystallite size of the sample
was calculated from the full width at half maximum of XRD peaks by using Debye-Scherer's
formula and was found to be in 7-24 nanometer (nm) range. Efforts have been made to improve
the properties of ZnO nanopowder by doping of various reagents.
Keywords: Nanomaterials; Fluorescence; Combustion.
67
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EHST/BN/033
Carbon Nanotube Devices for GHz to THz Applications
1*
Tanvi Sharma 2Dinesh Kumar
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
2
Department of Physics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
*
Email: [email protected]
1
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical
nanostructure. Nanotubes have been constructed with length-to-diameter ratio of up to
132,000,000:1, significantly larger than for any other material. These cylindrical carbon
molecules have unusual properties, which are valuable for nanotechnology, electronics,
optics and other fields of materials science and technology.
Current use and application of nanotubes have extraordinary electrical
conductivity, heat conductivity and mechanical properties. They are probably the best
electron field-emitter possible.
EHST/BN/034
Nanocrystalline Metal Organic Frameworks- Properties & Applications: A Review
1
Rupinder Kaur 1*Deepak Kukkar
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
*Email: [email protected]
1
Nanocrsytalline metal-organic frameworks are porous coordination compounds
synthesized by linking metal ions with organic linkers. They consist of metal ions or clusters
coordinated to often rigid organic molecules to yield one-, two-, or three-dimensional porous
structures. The organic linkers are generally negatively charged carboxylated or aminated
molecules which can form coordination bonds with the metal ions in a facile manner. They are
amongst the synthetic materials with largest surface area till date and possess high thermal and
chemical stability. In addition they have the ability to expand their matrices without changing the
underlying topology. This property has not yet been observed with other solids. These
characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for potential applications in
gas separation, gas storage, catalysis and drug delivery for successful loading and in-vitro
release of drug molecules.
162
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EHST/BN/035
Hydrothermal synthesis of Zn0.95Co0.05O: nanostructures,
ferromagnetism and optical properties
Manjot Singh1, Jaswinder Singh1 , KC Verma2
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib –
140407, Punjab, India.
1
2
Eternal university, Baru sahib himachal pardesh *Email: [email protected]
o
We have studied the effect of hydrothermal conditions at constant temperature of 180 C,
varying preparation time for 12, 18 and 24 h on nanostructures of diluted magnetic
semiconductor Zn0.95Co0.05O (ZC5). X-ray diffraction pattern confirm the hexagonal distorted
wurtzite phase. The transmission electron microscopy exhibits the resulting nanostructures i.e.
nanospheres and nanorods. Fourier transform infrared spectrum has been used to verify the
existence of Zn-O bond. The optical absorbance measurements revealed that the nanometric size
of the materials influences the energy band gap. All the prepared ZC5 samples exhibit room
temperature ferromagnetism.
EHST/BN/036
Study of synthesis of gold nanoparticles and conjugation with
Ovalbumin (ova) at different pH
1
2
2
Amritpal Singh , Sarabjit Kaur Nishma
1
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab)
2
Panjab University email – [email protected]
Gold nanoparticles were prepared using tri-sodium citrate by one-step synthesis method.
The gold nanoparticles have numerous applications in variety of areas such as sensors,
diagnostics and drug delivery etc. Here,we also report the conjugation of gold nanoparticles with
ovalbumin protein along with pH optimisation study. The gold nanoparticles were characterised
by UV-visible spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering.
163
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST/BN/037
STUDY OF BINDING KINETICS OF ANTI CA-125 AND CA-125 PROTEINS USING
SPR SPECTROPHOTOMETER
1,2
1,2
1,2
1
Siddharth Kaushik *, Sukhbir Singh , Shriniwas Yadav , Inderpreet Kaur
1
Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, AcSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh, India
2
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based detection is very sensitive, label free method
that allows precise real time monitoring of macromolecular interactions. When a biomolecule
binds to the surface of gold chip, small change in refractive index at interfacial region occur
which results in shift in resonance angle and it is proportional to concentration of bound
molecule. Kinetic studies using SPR are done in two steps. The first step is association phase in
which Anti CA-125 is flowed over the surface immobilized with CA-125 protein. Then in
second phase only 20mM reagent solvent is allowed to flow over the surface bound layer for
dissociation. The interaction spectra obtained during the experiment was simulated to generate
fit curves. Binding kinetics of analyte and ligand molecules was determined according to clamp
module of SPR Spectrophotometer.
References:
1. M Gopalkrishnan,T E Ryan and U C Tauber, Eur Biophys Journal, 34(2005), 943-958
2
.
Y R Kim, G W Coates, C A Batt, Macromolecular Bioscience, 6(2006), 145-152
3
.
A Subramanian, T Ryan, Sensors and Actuators B 114(2006), 192-198
4
.
S. Suwansard et al., Biosensors and Bioelectronics 24 (2009) 3436–3441
164
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
EHST/CM/04
IMPLEMENTATION OF CELLULAR MANUFACTURING
TECHNIQUE FOR MINIMIZATION OF WASTE: A CASE STUDY
OF AUTO INDUSTRY
Dr. Harpuneet Singh1 and Amanparteek Singh2
1
Associate Professor, SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib
2
Research Scholar, GNDEC, Ludhiana
The purpose of this study is to develop a plan for reducing lead-times and increasing
profit in a Centre bolt product manufacturing plant by using value stream mapping. The plant
produces Centre bolt product and this product used as a part of the leaf springs that is sold
throughout the local market. A whole market increase in demand for raw materials has caused
sales to increase tremendously for Centre bolt products. The increased workload at the plant has
resulted in longer lead-times. The Centre bolt product manufacturer is inefficient because it
produces products in large batch quantities and has poor product flow as operations being
departmentalized and departments are very far away from each other due to this increase in
lead-times could cause a loss in the market share to its competitors. The Centre bolt product
manufacturer must reduce its lead-times in order to remain competitive and continue its growth
by providing quality products in a timely manner.
Current state and future state of manufacturing of a firm are compared and witnessed: 50
percent reduction in lead time, 4 percent reduction in processing time, 58.5 percent reduction in
WIP and 22 percent reduction in manpower required for same output which in turn has resulted
in cost savings for the company.
A study will be carried out using value stream mapping to determine areas of potential
improvement on the plant floor. A current state map will be developed and analyzed the areas
that have potential for improvement. A future state map will then be created to suggest ways to
reduce lead-times and increase profit. The map will include lean manufacturing methods to
reduce wastes in the system; increasing profit and reducing lead-times.
165
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST/CM/05
AN AUTOMATED
SYSTEM FOR DETERMINATION OF DIECASTING PART FROM ITS CAD DATA
1
1
2
3
2
3
Ranjit Singh, Chandan Deep Singh, Simranjit Singh Sidhu
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SGGSWU,Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
* [email protected]
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Punjabi
University, Patiala, Punjab, India * [email protected]
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Punjabi
University, Patiala, Punjab, India * [email protected]
Sustainable manufacturing is defined as the creation of manufactured parts through
processes that are non-polluting, conserve energy and natural resources, and are
economically sound and safe for employees, communities, and consumers. The objective of
sustainability manufacturing can only be achieved if there is a system that is able to determine
sustainability of a manufacturing process or a product. The energy extensive manufacturing
processes are the best candidate for the sustainability studies because more energy
consumption means more degradation of the environment. Die-cast is one of the energy
extensive processes and the present research deals with determination of sustainability of a
die casting part at its design stage. The system uses the theoretical formulae to determine the
quantitative value of each sustainability indicators for the various phases of the lifecycle of
die-casting part. Sustainability indicators considered for the present study are electric energy,
co2 emission, solid waste and labour cost. The system is designed in GUI of MATLAB 7. The
system has been implemented on some example parts and the validation is done with the
actual measurements of the variables at the shop floor. The results from the system are in
conformance with those obtained by actual measurement. The variations are taken care of and
the modifications in the system are made accordingly. The system is helpful in determination of
sustainability of a product, compare the sustainability of different designs of same product, and
compare the sustainability of different products at the design stage.
166
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST/CM/06
IMPLEMENTATION OF VALUE STREAM MAPPING IN AN
AUTO PARTS INDUSTRY OF PUNJAB: A CASE STUDY
1
2
Dr. Harpuneet Singh & Arvind Kumar Sharma
Associate Professor, SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib
2
Research Scholar, GNDEC, ludhiana
Value stream mapping (VSM) is an important lean tool used to improve business in a
competitive market by eliminating non value added activities or wastes from the value stream of
a product and improving in process operations. The case study was carried out in an auto parts
industry. The king pin section of the industry was facing many problems of wastes that were non
value added to the process of king pin production
A current state map of existing stage of production was developed. Takt time was calculated to
set the pace of manufacturing process. Some improvements in the current state map were
suggested and from that, a future state map was developed.
Current state map and future state map were compared and resulted into, 12.89% reduction in
processing time, 13.33% reduction in total number of operations, 25% reduction in workforce,
7.73% reduction in WIP, 4.7% reduction in lead time and theprofit to the company was 340200
rupees annually.
EHST/CM/08
1
SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYAPATITE BIO-CERAMIC FROM
VARIOUS NATURAL RESOURCES - A REVIEW
Jaspal Singh1 & Ravinder Pal Singh2
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Sangrur
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh
Sahib
Corresponding email: [email protected]
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is an inorganic material, which is chemically similar to the mineral
components of bones and hard tissues in mammals. It is one of the few materials which are
classed as bio-active, which means that it supports bone in-growth and osseo-integration having
orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial applications. There are chemical and non-chemical routes
to prepare HAP, but it's synthesis from natural resources is a major concern in contemporary
research on biomaterials owing to its cost effective, eco-friendly nature and abandoned quantity
of these resources. This review paper enlightens the various available natural resources to
prepare HAP, corresponding synthesis techniques, their micro and nano dimensional properties
etc. as reported by the different investigations published during 2005-2010 time period. In
addition, structural and property correlations have also been tried to investigate.
Keywords: HAP, Natural Resources, Corals, Egg-shells, Fish Bones, XRD, FTIR
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EHST/CM/10
Influence Of Spiritual Quotient In Organizations- A Review
Amanjot Singh Pandhera and Harjit Singh Mangatb
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.G.G.S.W. University, Fatehgarh Sahib
Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.B.S.B. Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib
Rapidity is the modern god. In a contemporary era the ultimate rule is choice and flexibility. In
this environment a transcendental wisdom is required to help managers manage better and lead more
efficiently. When Khalil Gibran, the 19th century poet philosopher, said 'work is love made visible', he
was foreseeing a time when spirituality would meet business and so-called spiritual intelligence would
find its way into the workplace. If you are a skeptic who tends to see work purely as a functional process,
spiritual intelligence is not a vital tool. To the more enlightened manager who seeks to generate an
organized team and release the potential of each individual, it makes ideal sense.
Everyone has the seeds of spiritual intelligence in his heart but the need is that to grow them.
While our academic education is concentrated on rational intelligence, very few are expert in emotional
intelligence. Rational intelligence manages facts and information, using logic and analysis to make
decisions. Emotional intelligence is necessary to understand and control one's emotions and feelings,
while being sensitive to the feelings of others.
Due to time consciousness every one wants to enjoy each and every moment of life. In order to
fulfill the materialistic requirements of human race the technology is advancing with much higher pace.
Due to this life has become very fast and this leads to the detachment of human from Mother Nature. This
is the illusion of human mind that only materialistic gain brings the prosperity but this is not a fact.
Recently some studies have been carried out to prove this fact. Due to this the stress is growing in human
mind that brings new psychiatric and psychological problems e.g. depression. Occupation related stress
among working people is drastically increasing worldwide. Stress at work place has become an integral
part of everyday life it is called by the World Health Organization as 'worldwide epidemic'. In the
developed and even the developing countries, the majority working population suffers from work related
stress. The figures for India are not readily available but there is not much doubt that occupational stress
affects a significant number of workers and costs heavy financial losses, human sufferings and mental
illness. On the other hand, spirituality in principal leadership like executives is not one form of leadership
but recognizes principals who integrate personal meanings of spirituality into their preferred leadership
practice in appropriate ways for their own well-being and the wellbeing of their organizations.
Spiritual Quotient (SQ) offers a viable tertiary brain process for synchronous neural oscillations
that unify data across the whole brain, which unifies, integrates and has the `potential to transform
material arising from the two other processes: reason and emotion. SQ makes the human mind free from
all types of stresses by reducing fear & giving deeper & real meaning to life like self actualization and
ultimately better working environment. A better working environment relates to a higher level of
productivity. Spiritual intelligence facilitates dialog between mind and body, between reason and
emotion Results can include an ability to stay calm and focused in the face of crisis and chaos, a more
selfless and altruistic attitude towards others and a more enlightened and relaxed perspective on life.
While many people think there is nothing spiritual about work, there are many areas of working life in
which spiritual intelligence can be applied. These are perhaps three of the most important: personal
security and how that affects personal effectiveness, building relationships and interpersonal
understanding and managing change and removing the roadblocks.
It has been observed that very few studies were carried out in this field especially in India. So
focused research is highly needed in this area. In this paper we are reviewing the key concepts and
definitions related to Spirituality Quotient and its impact on work place of an organization.
b
168
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EHST/CM/15
AN IMPACT OF POWER DISRUPTIONS ON DIFFERENT TYPE OF
INDUSTRIES: A BANE TO AN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR-A REVIEW
1
Dr. Harpuneet Singh, 2 Er. Harjit Singh Mangat
1
Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Sri Guru
Granth Sahib World University, Fetahgarh Sahib
2
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, BBSB Engineering College, Fetahgarh Sahib
An outage is registered whenever the electricity is completely interrupted for a minute or
longer. Electrical power outages can happen at any time. Electricity plays an essential role in
modern society, bringing benefits and progress in various sectors, including residential,
agricultural, commercial and industrial. For all human activities, electric power is vital for
economic growth and quality of life.. A reliable and continuous presence of electricity is more
than just comfort or convenience. It's a necessity.For continuous process industries, an
unreliable power supply can result in very substantial costs to the operation that includes loss in
production, idle labour costs, extra cleanup and restart costs, damaged product, reduced
product quality, delays in delivery, reduced customer satisfaction, loss in market value, cost of
running backup generator etc.
The basic function of power system is to supply the customers – both large and small with
electrical energy as economically as possible and with an acceptable degree of reliability which
is highly desirable for economic growth and development of a country.
An in depth effort has been carried out to discuss the various causes of power outages. There are
many factors that could cause a power outage or power failure, such as; system overload, short
circuit, faults at power station, damage at electrical source and others including extreme
weather, storms and natural disasters.
The level of impact caused by a power outage to an individual business varies by industry and
the nature of applications. So, it has been decided to study the impact of power outages on
different business sectors. The industries and business functions that are severely hampered
by power failures are Manufacturing Industries, Financial Corporations, Consulting and
Information Technology (IT) Services, Data Centers, Perishable Items, Control Centers,
Medical Facilities, Military Operations, Entertainment Venues, Safety and Security.
Backup power is also increasingly being used in company conveniences, manufacturing,
mining, businesses and even residential houses as the reliance on electronics and computers in
our daily lives increases. There are many ways to cope with the power outages but choosing the
economical option is quite a difficult task. There are so many constraints i.e. political,
financial and technical while selecting a suitable solution against these unwanted electrical
interruptions. It has become very difficult to choose the option for different type of industries
since one option may cost more as compared to second one and so on. Some of the possible
mitigation strategies will be thoroughly discussed in the paper i.e. solar energy, biomass
energy and cogeneration.
169
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PHYSICS
HST14/AP/008:
Photon Interaction Parameters for Some Building Materials at
Intermediate Photon Energy
Vijay Gandhi1, Shilpi Kalia1, J.K. Sharma1, Parjit S. Singh2 and Tejbir Singh3*
Physics Department, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-133207, Haryana
2
PhysicsDepartment, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab
3
PhysicsDepartment, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406 * E-mail: [email protected]
1
The mass attenuation coefficients for some building materials viz. cement, glass, lime, marble, PVC,
Plaster of Paris (POP) and wood have been measured at 122, 511 and 662 keV using NaI(Tl) scintillator detector
and 8K MCA card. The mass attenuation coefficient values for the same materials were also computed in the wide
energy range of 1 keV - 100 GeV using WinXCom database, so as to compare the experimental values with the
theoretical ones. It has been observed that among the selected building materials, lime offers better gamma ray
shielding in the intermediate energy range.
EHST14/AP/009
Experimental evaluation of saturation thickness for 662keV in Terbium at 90o
170
Gurvinderjit Singh*, B.S. Sandhu and Bhajan Singh
Physics Department, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
*SAST GGSS School, Bharat Nagar, Ludhiana. E-mail: [email protected]
Saturation thickness is the thickness over which the numbers of multiply scattered photons saturate with
increase in target thickness and it depends on the incident energy and scattering angle. Total amount of radiation
absorbed relative to biological effect also depends upon the nature of the material, For gamma radiation ,high
atomic number material is an effective material because gamma radiation primarily interacts with orbital
electrons. Efforts are made in various ways to stop these radiations inside the reactor to avoid radiation exposure
to occupational workers. Even these primary radiations when interact with the material inside the reactor produce
secondary radiations of low energy in the scattering process in the form of multiple scattered radiations and the
characteristic X-rays of the elements present. As the gamma ray scattering phenomenon is important in reactor
shielding, the present work is undertaken to quantify Compton scattered events and then to determine the
saturation thickness. The study of this multiple scattering of photons is also a useful tool for the correct
determination of electronic momentum distribution in an atom, non-destructive testing, effective atomic
number of composite materials etc. In the present work, saturation thickness is measured at incident photon
energy of 662 keV gamma rays for terbium at scattering angle 90o in order to quantify the material to stop the
primary and secondary radiations. A collimated beam of gamma rays is allowed to impinge on circular targets of
terbium with varying thickness and the scattered photons are detected by a properly shielded NaI (Tl) scintillation
detector having dimensions 51 mm diameter and x 51 mm thickness. The pulse-height distribution is converted to
photon energy spectrum. With the help of an inverse response matrix to evaluate the actual number of multiply
scattered events. The singly scattered Compton peak is analytically constructed and is subtracted from the
observed pulse height distribution to obtain only multiply scattered events. It is observed that the multiply
scattered events increases with the increase in target thickness and saturates at a particular thickness of 6 mm for
the present experimental set up at scattering angle 90o. The signal-to-noise ratio is also found to decrease with the
increase in target thickness. The Monte Carlo calculations are performed to compare the present experimental
results and are found to be in good agreement.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AP/010
Measurement of Neutral Current Cross Section at High Bjorken X
ZEUS Detector at HERA
with the
I. Singh1, M. Kaur2, A. Caldwell3
Department of Physics, SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140460, India
2
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
3
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany
(On behalf of the ZEUS collaboration) E-mail: [email protected]
A new method is employed to measure the neutral current cross section up to Bjorken-x values of one with the
ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 187 pb-1 of electron-proton collisions and 142 pb-1 of positron
proton collisions at center of mass energy 318 GeV. Cross sections have been extracted for Q2 > 575 GeV2. A much
improved precision with respect to the previous ZEUS publication, which used only 16.7 pb-1 of electron-proton
collisions and 65.1 pb-1 of positron proton collisions, is achieved, owing to the large data sample and improved
kinematic reconstruction methods. The measurement is well described by different theory predictions.
EHST14/AP/011:
Measurement of Spectral Distribution of Compton Scattered Gamma Rays from
K-shell electrons of Tin using 662 keV photons
Jagjit Kaur*, B.S. Sandhu and Bhajan Singh
Physics Department, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India E-mail: [email protected]
*Govt. College of Education, Jalandhar. E-mail: [email protected]
Gamma ray scattered incoherently by an electron in the K-shell, ejects the K-shell electron and as a result
fluorescence K X-ray is emitted. The probability that this type of scattering will be accompanied by the emission of K
X-ray is defined by the K-shell fluorescence yield of the scatterer atoms. The measurements are made to select scattered
gamma rays in coincidence with the fluorescent K X-rays that follow the ejection of K-shell electrons. This technique
not only enable to distinguish between gamma rays scattered from the K-shell electrons and gamma rays scattered from
free and more loosely bound electrons but also gamma rays scattered coherently from the K-shell electrons. 662 keV
gamma rays are obtained from radioactive source of 137Cs of strength 8.0 Ci. The scatterer is viewed by two NaI (Tl)
scintillation detectors, one sensitive to scattered gamma ray of dimensions 51 mm x 51 mm and the other of dimensions
38.5 mm x 3 mm sensitive to fluorescence K X-rays and working in coincidence having resolving time of 30 nsec. The
observed coincidence counts are corrected for chance and false events. The experimental spectra for energy
distribution of gamma rays Compton scattered from K-shell electrons broader than the gamma rays scattered from free
electrons. Also the K-shell Compton scattered peak is shifted from the free electron Compton scattered peak and this is
in agreement with various theories.
EHST14/AP/012
Magnetic Enhancement of NbS2 in Two Dimensions
Jyoti Thakur†, Mukhtiyar Singh and Manish K. Kashyap
Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana †Email: [email protected]
Full potential approach has been employed to NbS2 in two and three dimensions in order to check the
effect of dimensionality on its electronic and magnetic properties. The calculated results show that total magnetic
moment of NbS2 increases on reducing the dimensionality. The unpaired d-electron of Nb atom arising from the
breakage of the Nb-S bond is responsible for the enhancement of ferromagnetism. Further, the density of states for
minority spins also increases at lower dimension. The enhanced ferromagnetism of NbS2 makes it an excellent
candidate for many nanoscale device applications.
References
[1] Y. Zhou, C. Yang, X. Xiang and X. Zu, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 14202 (2013)
[2] F. Guller, C. Helman, A. M. Llois, Physica B 407, 3188 (2012)
[3] P. Blaha et al., WIEN2k, An Augmented Plane Wave+Local Orbitals Program for Calculating Crystal
Properties, K. Schwarz, Techn. Universität Wien, Wien, Austria, 2001, ISBN: 3-9501031-1-2.
171
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EHST14/AP/013
Mass Attenuation Coefficients for Zinc-Barium-Borate Glasses
Preet Kaur*, Devinder Singh and Tejbir Singh
Physics Department, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib E-mail: [email protected]
Four samples of borate glasses containing ZnO and BaO as network modifiers with compositions of xZnO-2xBaO(1-3x)B2O3 (x varying from 0.10 to 0.21 mole fraction) were successfully prepared by melt quench technique at temperature
range 800-11500C. The attenuation coefficients of these borate glasses have been computed for photon energies of 1 keV to
105 MeV using WinXCom. From the present investigations, it has been observed that mass attenuation coefficient of the
selected glasses varies with the photon energy. Moreover, it also increases with the increase in composition of BaO. However,
the mass attenuation coefficient becomes independent of the chemical composition for energy range 0.4 to 0.8 MeV.
EHST14/AP/014
Calculation of á-Decay Half-Life of
270
Hs
*
Niyti1, Amandeep1, Manoj K. Sharma2, and Raj K. Gupta3
Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra - 136119, India.
2
School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala - 147004, Panjab, India
3
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014, India. E-mail: [email protected]
One of the main problems of modern nuclear physics is the expansion of periodic system into the island of stability
of super heavy elements. Super Heavy nuclei (SHN ) are hypothesized to exist in the region where the necessary balance
between the nuclear and Coulomb force is achieved through shell stabilization. The half lives of different radio - active decay
such as alpha decay and fission are the experimental signature of the formation of SHN in fusion reaction ; the calculation of
these half lives are important in identifying the decay chains of SHN (SHN usually undergo a sequential decay chains and end
with spontaneous fission). These provide valuable information such as binding energy, nuclear structure and nuclear decay
mechanisms.In recent experiments, á decay has been indispensable for the identification of new nuclides. During the
experimental design the values of the á-decay half-lives have to be evaluated and hence it is quite important and necessary to
investigate the á decay of SHN theoretically. Although á-decay is very useful for the study of the nuclei, a quantitative
description of them with a satisfying accuracy is difficult. Initially, the á decay was interpreted as a consequence of quantum
penetration of á-particle. At present, many theoretical approaches have been being used to describe the á-decay in fission
theories. In this work we carry out the half life calculations of In the present work we consider decay of 270Hs* formed via hot
fusion reaction 226Ra+ 48Ca [1] after 4n emission using Dynamical Cluster Decay Model. In DCM(l =0), or equivalently,
PCM(T=0), the decay constant/ half-life time is de? ned as
[1] Yu.Ts.Oganessian, et al.,Phys.Rev.C 87,034605(2013).
[2] R. Kumar, et al., Phys. Rev. C.87, 054610 (2013).
1
EHST14/AP/015
Substitution Effect of Sulfonic Acid on Structure and Vibrations of Copper Phthalocyanine
172
*Prabhjot Kaur1, Ritika Sachdeva1, Sukhwinder Singh2and G.S.S.Saini1
1
Physics department, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014
2
Govt. College for Girls, Ludhiana-141001 *E-mail: [email protected]
Phthalocyanine molecular systems are being studied vigorously because of their biological importance and various
applications. Considerably higher chemical inertness and thermal stability of the metallophthalocyanines led the researchers
to explore the technological utilities of these molecular systems as industrial dyes, catalysts, gas sensors, photosensitizer for
photodynamic therapy etc. A series of free-based phthalocyanine dyes and their derivatives complexed with various metallic
ions and substituted with different peripheral groups, chains and molecules were studied for diverse purposes. The electron
withdrawing and electron donating substituents have essential influence on spectral and electronic behavior of many organic
molecules. However, the molecular effect of sulfo substituents on structure and spectral properties of the organics are rather
still little known. To address our task, we want to see the effects of sulfonated group as substituent on copper phthalocyanine.
Density function theory calculations have been used to predict the geometry structure and vibrational spectra of copper
phthalocyanine and sulfonated copper phthalocyanine. We have also recorded the Infrared and Raman spectra of these
molecules for comparison.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AP/016
Effective Atomic Numbers for Some Polymers in Energy Range of 2 - 233 keV
Renu Sharma1, J.K. Sharma1, Vandana Sharma1, Parjit S. Singh2 and Tejbir Singh3*
Physics Department, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-133207, Haryana
2
PhysicsDepartment, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab
3
PhysicsDepartment, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, *E-mail:
[email protected]
Effective atomic numbers for some polymers viz. PEEK (Poly-ether-ether-ketone), VECTRAA (aromatic co-polyester comprising of 73 % hydroxyl benzoic acid and 27 % hydroxyl naphthoic acid),
PC (poly-carbonate), PET (poly-ethylene terephthalate), PTFE (Poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene) have been
computed in the energy range of 2 keV to 233 keV. Further, an attempt has been made to perform a
comparative study of effective atomic number for the selected polymers on the basis of two different mass
attenuation coefficient databases: WinXCom (2001) (based on XCom; 1987) and Chantler (2000). The
results so obtained will be presented in graphical form at the conference.
1
EHST14/AP/017
Vibrational Spectra and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Glibenclamide
Ritika Sachdeva*, Prabhjot Kaur, V.P.Singh ,G.S.S. Saini
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014 *E-mail:
[email protected]
Infrared absorption and Raman spectra of the glibenclamide molecule have been recorded.
Structure of glibenclamide molecule has been optimized using density functional theory calculations.
Vibrational frequencies of the molecule have also been calculated. Observed bands have been assigned
on the basis of density functional theory and potential energy distribution calculations.
EHST14/AP/018
Preparation and Characterization of Boron Sub-phthalocyanine Chloride
Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications
1
1
1
1
2
Roohi Devgan , Anupreet Kaur , Navjot Kaur , Jaskirat Kaur , Sameer Kalia
1
PG Students, PG Department of Physics, DAV College Amritsar
2
PG Department of Physics, DAV College Amritsar, E-mail: [email protected]
The emerging energy demands of the world has put the renewable source of energy in
focus. Solar energy is one of the cheapest and greenest energy available to mankind. Inorganic
material based solar cells have been in use for longtime but low efficiency and high initial cost
of such solar cells have inhabited their wide spread use.Organic materials have recently found
highly conjugated attention for solar cell applications. Boron Subphthalocyanine chloride (BSub PC
Cl) has a unique structure with Boron attached to three rings only due to its small size. The thin
film of B Sub PC Cl obtain from sigma eldrich company were made by thermal deposition
technique in high vaccum condition (10^-5mbar) on glass substrate at different substrate
temperature and different thickness. The films were characterize for structural, optical and
topographic properties by carrying out XRD, FTIR and UV-Visible.
173
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EHST14/AP/019
Postulation of New Force Carrier after Higgs Boson
Sumit Sharma1 and K S Gulia2
B.M. Institute of Engineering & Technology, Sonepat, Haryana
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Scientists have been craving to know the fundamental structure of universe. With the discovery of four more
force carriers known as z boson, w+ boson, w-boson, and gluon in addition to photon and with the postulation of sub
atomic particle Higgs Boson the sixth force carrier has opened the doors for the possible existence of other
elementary particles which would enable us to understand the fundamental structure of our universe. Commissioning
and operation of LHC is aimed to shed light on dark energy, dark matter, and existence of new dimensions other than 3
spatial and time dimension. The recent discovery, at CERN, of anti hydrogen which is made up of anti proton and
anti electron, and anti helium which is made up of 2 anti protons, 2 anti neutrons and 2 anti electrons will boost the
curiosity of research in the scientific community.Composition and physical properties of force carrier particles are
known for the existing six force carriers. One important thing to know about force carriers is that a particular force
carrier particle can only be absorbed or produced by a matter particle which is affected by that particular force. For
instance, electrons and protons have electric charge, so they can produce and absorb the electromagnetic force carrier,
the photon. Neutrinos, on the other hand, have no electric charge, so they cannot absorb or produce photons. The
major experimental results of LHC are amazing and have opened the Pandora box of existence of many new
elementary particles and force carriers in the universe and help us understand the universe better.It has opened new
vistas for scientific research in this area.
EHST14/AP/020
Exposure Buildup Factor for Perspex at Intermediate Photon Energy
Shilpi Kalia1, Vijay Gandhi1, J.K. Sharma1, Parjit S. Singh2 and Tejbir Singh3*
Physics Department, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-133207, Haryana
2
PhysicsDepartment, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab
3
PhysicsDepartment, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, *E-mail: [email protected]
Transmitted photon spectra of Co57, Cs137 and Na22 radioactive isotopes through different thicknesses of
Perspex sheets have been detected and recorded with the help of NaI(Tl) scintillator detector and 8K MCA card using
PHAST software. On analyzing the recorded spectra using Origin (data analysis and graphing software), exposure
buildup factor values have been measured for different thicknesses (1.5 – 10.5 cm with the step size of 1.5 cm) of
Perspex sheets at 122, 511 and 662 keV. The results so obtained were plotted against thickness of Perspex sheets. It
has been observed that exposure buildup factor values increase with the increase in thickness of Perspex sheets and
the rate of increase in exposure buildup factor is maximum for 122 keV.
1
EHST14/AP/021
Surface Plasmon Tunability in Optical Properties of Noble Multi-Metallic Nanoparticles
174
Amit Bansal1 and S.S. Verma2
Department of Physics, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Longowal-148106, District-Sangrur, Punjab (India) Email:[email protected], [email protected]
The optical properties of plasmonic noble multi-metallic nanoparticles have been studied by using extended
Mie theory for their possible plasmonic applications depending upon the contribution of scattering and absorption in
the extinction. Since Au is air stable where as both Ag and Cu does not, therefore in this study, the Ag-Cu bimetallic
(core@shell and alloys) nanoparticles are coated with Au nanoparticles to make them oxidation free for their better
practical usefulness. The effect of Au shell thickness on the extinction efficiency of both double layer (Ag@Cu@Au,
Cu@Ag@Au) and noble metal alloy (Ag0.50-Cu0.50@Au) core@shell nanoparticlesin surrounding medium refractive
index of 1.33 have been studied. Here, the core size remains fixed (40 nm) but with increase in the Au shell thickness
from 2 nm to 10 nm, red-shift in spectra has been found in both the cases.It has been found that plasmon resonances
can be controlled over the large region of the EM spectrum but more enhancements has been seen in case of
Cu@Ag@Au double layer nanoparticles with larger tunability.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AP/022
204
Z- Dependence of Total Bremsstrahlung Produced by Beta Particles of Tl
in the Energy Range of 2-10 keV
Tajinder Singh1, Amrit Singh2, K S Kahlon2 and A S Dhaliwal2
Department of Physics, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib Punjab-140406
2
Department of Physics, Sant Longowal Institute of Engg & Tech, Longowal Punjab, Email:[email protected]
1
The Z-dependence of spectral shape of total bremsstrahlung (BS), i.e. the sum of ordinary bremsstrahlung (OB) and
polarization bremsstrahlung (PB), in thick target of Al, Ti, Sn and Pb, produced by continuous beta particles of 204Tl, as a function
of photon energy has been studied in the energy region of 2-10 keV. The theoretical spectral shape of BS photon distributions
obtained from the theories of Elwert corrected (non relativistic) Bethe-Heitler theory (EBH), modified Elwert factor (relativistic)
Bethe-Heitler theory (Fmod BH) which describes Ordinary bremsstrahlung (OB) and modified Elwert factor (relativistic) BetheHeitler theory (Fmod BH+PB),which include the polarization bremsstrahlung (PB) into OB in stripped atom approximation
(SAA). It has been found that the S (k, Z) i.e. the number of photons of energy k per moc2 per beta disintegration is not linearly
dependent on the atomic number of the target atom and shows S (k, Z) = K (k) Zn dependency. It has been further found that the
index 'n' values obtained experimentally and theoretically from different theories are not constant and decreases with increasing
photon energy. It was observed that the proportionality constant K (k) factor shows exponential decaying dependency on photon
energy k. The results clearly show the importance of screening of atomic electron and the PB in the energy region of 2-10 keV.
EHST14/AP/023:
Electret Aging Dependent Behaviour of Multiple Dielectric Relaxation Processes in Co-polyesteramide (Vectra B950) Polymer Liquid Crystal
Sanjeev Garg
Department of Physivs, JMIETI, Radaur, Haryana Email: [email protected]
Multiple dielectric relaxation processes in aromatic copolyesteramide vectra B950 polymer liquid crystal have been
investigated using field induced thermally stimulated current (FITSC) technique. The TSDC spectra of Vectra-B samples
polarized and discharged under identical conditions but stored for different times (electret aging) are studied . An increase in ts
suppresses the entire TSDC spectra. The magnitude ofUsing these formulae, we calculated neutron and proton pairing gaps in
different mass regions namely: A=130, 160, 200. In these calculations, we used experimental binding energies [3].The variation
of nucleon pairing gaps with nucleon number (N/Z) has been discussed.
References
[1] M. Bender, K. Rutz et al., Eur. Phys. J., A 8, (2000), 59.
[2] D. G. Madland and J. Nix, Rayford, Nucl. Phys., A 476, (1988), 1.
[3] G. Audi and A. H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys., A 565, (1993), 1.
EHST14/AP/024
Role of Angular Momentum in the Decay of Compound System 20Ne*Formed in 10B+10B Reaction
BirBikram Singh1,*, Manpreet Kaur1, Varinderjit Kaur2, and Raj K. Gupta3
Department of Physics, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406
2
PG Department of Physics, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406
3
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014 *E-mail: [email protected]
1
Reaction dynamics of light mass compound nuclei (CN) A~40-80 has been kind of established as Fusion-fission (FF)
mechanism [1, 2]. In the extreme case of very light compound systems with A ~ 20-30, standard rotating liquid drop model (RLDM)
predicts strong inhibition of FF as compared to deep inelastic (DI) scattering process/ orbiting [3, 4]. It is highly motivating to
investigate the decay of very light mass systems (A ~ 20-30) for competing reaction mechanisms involved in the reaction
dynamics. These effects could be small or large enough to compete with FF of CN. Also, composite nuclei formed in low energy heavyion reactions are highly excited and carry large angular momentum depending upon the energy in the entrance channel. It is relevant to
mention here that the decay of a very light mass compound system 28Al* has been studied successfully using the Dynamical Cluster
decay Model (DCM) of Gupta and collaborators [2] and the results are in good comparison with the available experimental data [5]. In
the present study, the decay of further very light nuclear system 20Ne*formed in 10B+10B reaction at Ec.m.=24 MeV, is being studied using
the DCM. Here, we look for the effects of angular momentum in the decay of 20Ne*.
The financial support by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, for the present research work, in the form of a
Young Scientist's award under the SERC Fast Track Scheme, vide letter No. SR/FTP/PS-013/2011 is acknowledged by BBS.
Reference
[1] S.J. Sanders, Phys. Rev. C 44 (1991) 2676.
[2] R. K. Gupta, et. al., Int. Rev. Phys. (IREPHY) 2, (2008) 369; and earlier references therein.
[3] C. Beck and A. Szanto de Toledo, Phys. Rev. C 53 (1996) 1989.
[4] A. Szanto de Toledo, et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989) 1255.
[5] B. B. Singh, et. al., Proc. DAE Symp. on Nuc. Phys. 56 (2011) 474; 57 (2012) 550.
175
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EHST14/AP/025
Angular Momentum Effects in the Decay of Compound System 32S*Formed in 20Ne+12C Reaction
BirBikram Singh1,*, Mandeep Kaur1, Manoj K. Sharma2 and Raj K. Gupta3
1
Department of Physics, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406
2
School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala - 147004
3
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014 *E-mail: [email protected]
In the present study, the decay of very light compound system 32S*formed in 20Ne+12C reaction at Ec.m.= 41.06 MeV, is
being studied using the Dynamical Cluster decay Model (DCM) of Gupta and collaborators [1]. Compound systems formed in
low energy (E/A<15 MeV) heavy-ion reactions are highly excited (and carry large angular momentum). They lose this energy
in different ways depending upon their masses. It is relevant to mention here that fusion fission (FF) dynamics of light nuclear
systems A~40-80 has been kind of established [1, 2]. For very light mass compound systems A~30, standard rotating liquid
drop model (RLDM) predicts strong inhibition of FF mechanism as compared to deep inelastic (DI) scattering process [3]. It
will be highly exciting to study the decay of very light mass composite system 32S*for competing reaction mechanisms
involved in the reaction dynamics, for which sufficient experimental data is available [4]. We investigate here the role of
angular momentum in the decay of 32S* using DCM. It is interesting to know that, the decay of 28Al* has been studied using the
DCM and the calculations are in good comparison with the experimental data [5].
One of us (BBS) acknowledges the financial support by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, for the
present research work, in the form of a Young Scientist's award under the SERC Fast Track Scheme, vide letter No. SR/FTP/PS013/2011.
[1] R.K. Gupta et. al., Int. Rev. Phys. (IREPHY) 2, (2008) 369; and earlier references therein.
[2] S.J. Sanders, Phys. Rev. C 44 (1991) 2676.
[3] C. Beck and A. Szanto de Toledo, Phys. Rev. C 53 (1996) 1989.
[4] Aparajita Dey et al., PRC 76 (2007) 034608; S. Kundu, et al., PRC 78 (2008) 044601; T.K. Rana, et al., PRC 78 (2008)
027602.
[5] B.B. Singh et al., Proc. DAE Symp. on Nuc. Phys. 56 (2011) 474; 57 (2012) 550.
176
EHST14/AP/026
Impact of Momentum Dependent Equation of States on Mass Asymmetric Collisions
Varinderjit Kaur1 and BirBikram Singh2
1
PG Department of Physics, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406
1
Department of Physics, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406
E-mail: [email protected]
The existing and upcoming radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities lead a way in exploring the role of isospin degrees of
freedom in nuclear physics as well as astrophysics. The ultimate goal of such studies is to extract information on the nuclear
equation of state (NEOS) of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. Heavy ion collisions induced by neutron rich beams provide
unique possibilities to investigate the isospin-dependent properties of asymmetric nuclear matter. It is well known that the outcome
of a reaction depends not only on the density, but also on the momentum space [1, 2]. The momentum dependent interactions (MDI)
in heavy-ion collisions play an important role in understanding the fragmentation process which includes different kind of
fragments. Moreover, dynamics for symmetric and asymmetric reactions is entirely different [3]. The former leads to higher
compression, whereas, the later has a large share as thermal energy. When the reaction takes place, the formation of participant as
well as spectator zone takes place. Participant zone in the presence of momentum dependent interactions (MDI) plays an important
role. In the overlap/participant zone, the projectile nucleons feel strong repulsion due to target nucleons in the presence of MDI.
Due to this large repulsion, asymmetric collisions become equally important in the presence of MDI.
Here, we aim to understand the role ofmomentum dependent NEOS in mass asymmetric collisions within the
framework of Isospin-Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD) model. To fulfill this aim, simulations of different asymmetric
reactionsof 8O17+11Na23 , 7N14+12Mg26, 5B10+14Si30, 3Li6+16S34 for total mass A= 40 (in each case) have been carried out.It has been
found that the impact of momentum dependent NEOS is different in lighter projectile systems as compared to heavier ones.
Moreover, we have also extended the above study to other heavy ion phenomena such as collective flow, nuclear stopping and
participant-spectator matter etc.
[1] J. Aichelin et al., Phys. Rev.Lett.58, 1926 (1987).
[2] D.T.Khoaet al., Nucl.Phys. A548, 102 (1992).
[3] V. Kaur and S. Kumar, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.39, 085114 (2012).
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AP/027
Empirical Estimates of Nucleon Pairing Gaps
Sukhjeet Singh*, Sushil Kumar, J.K. Sharma, Girija Sharma, Hemja Sharma, Priyanka Sharma
Department of Physics, Maharishi Markandeshwar University Mullana, Ambala-133 207
*E-mail: [email protected]
The empirically observed energy gap and also the existence of spherical shapes for closed shell nuclei confirm the
significant role of pairing correlations in the lower lying excited states of the deformed nuclei. The pairing force couples two
particles in the time-reversed single-particle states. In the present paper, we present empirical estimation of proton pairing
gap (D
) and neutron pairing gap (D
) using fourth order finite difference formulae [1, 2]. In this formulation, we extended
r
h
Taylor series expansion of masses in the neighborhood of the mass of interest. Since the development of this approach
depends on the smooth mass surface behavior, so special care must be exercised to exclude various departures from this
smoothness. Some of the important contributions to this departure are: (a) residual interactions (b) shell effects; (c) nucleon
mass granularity for light nuclei (A < 10).Using above assumptions of smooth mass surface behavior and also by excluding
above departures (a-c), ground state mass can be written as:
Using these formulae, we calculated
neutron and proton pairing gaps in different mass
regions namely: A=130, 160, 200. In these
calculations, we used experimental binding
energies [3].The variation of nucleon pairing gaps
with nucleon number (N/Z) has been discussed.
References
[1] M. Bender, K. Rutz et al., Eur. Phys. J., A 8,
(2000), 59.
[2] D. G. Madland and J. Nix, Rayford, Nucl.
Phys., A 476, (1988), 1.
[3] G. Audi and A. H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys., A
565, (1993), 1.
EHST14/AP/028
Feasibility of Using Alloys As Gamma Rays Shielding Materials: A Review
Harpreet Singh* and Tejbir Singh
Physics Department, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana
Physics Department, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140460
E-mail: [email protected]
With the advancement and modernization, the energy needs are increasing very rapidly and to fulfil
these demands, everybody is looking for nuclear energy as the future fuel. However, the use of nuclear
energy is associated with the emission of highly penetrating electromagnetic radiations and the longer
exposure to these radiations is harmful for living tissues. So, for the efficient use of nuclear energy, proper
use of shielding material is required. Different researchers had suggested the use of various types of metallic
alloys in different compositions such as alloys of Cr-Fe-Ni and Ti-Ni in different compositions by Han and
Demir (2009a, 2009b); alloys of Cu-Zn by Kaewkhao et al. (2008); some steels by Akkurt (2009) and alloys
of Cu-W by Murty et al. (2004). In the present work; comparative study of these different alloy groups on
the basis of radiation shielding properties has been made in order to suggest the alloy with better shielding
properties among the various proposed alloy groups.
177
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AP/029
Experimental Measurements of Collision Integral Cross-Sections of Double-photon
Compton Process using A Single Gamma Ray Detector
M. B. Saddi*, B. S. Sandhu and B. Singh
*Mata Ganga Khalsa College for Girls, Kottan (Ludhiana)-141412, India
À Physics Department, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
E-mail: [email protected], Tel: +91 9872235057
The collision integral cross-sections of double-photon Compton process have been measured experimentally in
both the forward & backward hemispheres for 662 keV incident gamma photons. The measurements have been successfully
carried out using a single gamma ray detector. This method does not require the complicated slow-fast coincidence
technique used till now for observing this higher order quantum electrodynamics process. The energy spectra of one of the
two final photons, originating in this process, in direction of the gamma ray detector are observed as a long tail to the
single-photon Compton line on lower side of the full energy peak in the observed spectra. The present measured values of
collision integral cross-section, although of the same magnitude, deviate from the corresponding values obtained from the
theory. In view of the magnitude of deviations, in addition to small value of probability of occurrence of this process, the
agreement of measured values with theory is acceptable.
EHST14/AP/030
Study of Radon Exhalation Rates from Soil and Sand Samples of District Rupnagar, Punjab
Vimal Mehta1, 2,*, R P Chauhan3 and G S Mudahar2
Deptt of Physics, M. M. University, Mullana (Ambala)-133 207, India
2
Deptt of Physics, Punjabi University, Patiala- 147 001, India
3
Deptt of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra- 136 119, India E-mail: [email protected]
1
Uranium is ubiquitous in nature and can be found in trace amount in most rock and soil. Therefore, most rock and
soil also contain thorium and radium. The decay of radium leads to radon. But because radon is a noble gas, a large portion
of it is free to migrate away from radium. A sufficient quantity of radon migrates out of rock and soil in the environment.
Radon and its progeny are major contributors in the radiation dose received by general population of the world. The primary
sources of indoor radon are soils and rocks source emanations, off-gassing of waterborne radon into a building, emanation
from building materials, and entry of radon into a structure from outdoor air. Keeping this in mind the study of radon
exhalation rate from soil and sand samples of the district Rupnagar has been carried out using Can Technique. The
equilibrium radon concentration in various soil samples of city Rupnagar varied from 23.6 Bqm-3 to 38.4 Bqm-3 with an
average of 29.8 ± 1.8 Bqm-3. The radon mass exhalation rates from the soil samples varied from 0.85 to 1.4 mBq/kg/h with
an average of 1.1 ± 0.1 mBq/kg/h and radon surface exhalation rates varied from 19.2 to 31.3 mBq/m2/h with an average of
24.3 ± 1.5 mBq/m2/h. The radon mass exhalation rates and surface exhalation rates of Nangal and Anandpur Sahib areas of
district Rupnagar has also been calculated. The radon mass and surface exhalation rate of the soils of this district was lower
than that of the world wide average.
EHST14/AP/031
Study of Sealing Behavior of Yttrium Borosilicate Glass Sealants with Crofer and YSZ
for Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
a
178
Vishal Kumara b, G. Kaura, G. Pickrell a and Kathy Lua
Deptt of Material Science and Engg, Holden Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia-24060, USA.
b
Physics Department, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fategarh Sahib, 140406, India
E-mail: [email protected]
This present work studies the bonding and sealing capability of yttium borosilicate glasses with 8 YSZ and ferritic
stainless steel Crofer 22 APU for solid oxide fuel cell application. These glass seals have been tested with Crofer 22 APU
steel and high temperature solid electrolyte i.e. yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), at a temperature of 900 o C for 100 hrs. The
diffusion couples were prepared by slurry coating and then subjected to heat-treatment. These prepared diffusion couples
have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive
spectroscopy (EDS). XRD indicated surface crystallization of the coating glass/YSZ diffusion couple.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AP/032
Survey of Radon Concentration in Ground Water Samples Taken from Regions
Belonging to Pathankot District of Punjab, India
1
Meetu Singh, 2Neerja, 3Asha Rani
Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar(Punjab)
2
PG Department of Physics,DAV College, Amritsar (Punjab)
3
Deptt of Appl. Sc., Ferozepur College of Engg and Tech, Ferozshah (Punjab) Email:[email protected]
1
The radioactive decay of naturally occurring uranium in the earth's crust leads to radon in the environment, soil,
ground water and gas deposits. The present paper discusses the set of systematic measurements of activity concentration
of radon level in ground water of regions belonging to Pathankot district located in the north zone of the Punjab
state. The concentrations of radon level in water samples taken from the study area were measured by using electronic
radon detector RAD7 equipped with an appropriate unit (Aqua kit).The radon concentration in water has been found to
be in range of 8.47pCi/l to 219.56pCi/l, which is well within safe limit in all the regions from where the water samples
were collected.
EHST14/AP/033
Decay Study of 240Np* Nucleus using the Dynamical Cluster-Decay Model
Gurvinder Kaur, Amandeep Kaur and Manoj K. Shrama
School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala (147004), Punjab E-mail: [email protected]
Apart from providing immense information about nuclear structure and being a key to nuclear power
production, the neutrons also prove to be an adequate tool in understanding the dynamics involved in a reaction. In the
present work, we have carried out the fragmentation analysis of actinide nucleus 240Np* synthesized in n-induced reaction,
lying within energy range ELab=0-20 MeV using the dynamical cluster-decay model (DCM) [1]. Interestingly, the fission
cross-sections show a triple humped variation at Ec.m.=1.8 MeV, 8.7 MeV and 16.9 MeV [2]. Taking this into account, the
study has been carried out at energies corresponding to these peaks and the comparative analysis of fragmentation is
worked out at these energies. In reference to the measured data [2] the fission cross-sections have been calculated for the
most probable asymmetric fragments using the dynamical cluster-decay model (DCM) by taking quadrupole (â2)
deformation into account. The experimentally observed cross-sections for the peak energies, being 1.447 b, 1.993 b and
2.329 b have been attained successfully (within error limits) by using the only parameter of the model, the neck-length
parameter ÄR at 1.138 fm, 1.230fm and 1.240 fm respectively. Fig.1 represents the variation of fragmentation potential
(V) with fragment mass for 240Np* nucleus at (a) l
=0h
and (b) l
=l
max. The potential energy surfaces are found to be similar
at extreme l
-values. Moreover, with increase in energy, the magnitude of fragmentation potential decreases while
structure remains identical. The fission fragment mass distribution remains asymmetric at both l
=0h
and l
=l
max. Over a
wide range of energy, it seems that fragments in range A2 = 100-112 (and the complimentary fragments) are most
probable and contribute towards fission cross-sections independent of energy.
EHST14/AP/034
Dose-Dependent Biocompatibility of PEG/Potassium Ferrite Nanocomposite
Lavanya Khanna* and N.K. Verma
Nano Research Lab, School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala, E-mail:[email protected]
In the present study, morphology, size distribution and dose-dependent biocompatibility of polyethylene glycol
(PEG) coated potassium ferrite nanoparticles have been reported. The synthesis of nanocomposite was done by
conventional hydrothermal method. The spherical morphology with particle size in the range of 25 nm has been obtained
from scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, respectively. MTT - assay cytotoxicity
reveals the dose dependent toxicity of the synthesized nanocomposite. At 5µg/ml, no toxicity was observed. On
increasing the concentration to 100µg/ml, not much cellular loss occurred, but at 500µg/ml, a significant toxicity was
observed. Dependent student's t-test has been calculated for comprehending the interaction of the synthesized
nanocomposite with cells. Overloading of nanoparticles at higher concentration could have possibly caused cell fatality.
The synthesized nanocomposite finds extensive biomedical applications such as in drug delivery, hyperthermia and
contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
179
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AP/035
Emergence of Half-Metallic Ferromagnetism in Cr-Doped GaAs: A First-Principle Approach
Hardev S. Saini1,†, Mukhtiyar Singh2, G. S. S. Saini1 and Manish K. Kashyap2
1
2
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014 (India)
Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana (India) †Email: [email protected]
A first principle supercell approach has been used to calculate the electronic and magnetic properties of Ge1-xCrxAs
(x = 0.125). The calculations have been performed using Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FPLAPW)
method based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). The Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) within
parameterization of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) has been employed to construct the XC potentials for present
calculations. The calculated results show that the Cr-doping in GaAs induces the ferromagnetism and creates a half
metallic (HM) gap at Fermi level (EF) in minority spin channel (MIC). The half metallicity is originated by the
hybridization of Cr-d states with As-p states. This p-d interaction reduces the magnetic moment of Cr atom from its
elemental value and induces small local spin magnetic moment on nonmagnetic Ga/As atom which aligns
parallel/antiparallel to Cr atom.
Reference:
[1] O.K. Andersen, Phys. Rev. B 12,3060 (1975).
[2] D.J. Singh, Plane Waves, Pseudopotential and the LAPW Method (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Dortrecht,
London), 1994.
[3] P. Blaha et al., WIEN2k, An Augmented Plane Wave+Local OrbitalsProgram for Calculating Crystal Properties,K.
Schwarz, Techn. Universität Wien, Wien, Austria, 2001, ISBN: 3-9501031-1-2.
[4] P. Perdew, S. Burke and M. Ernzerhof, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996).
EHST14/AP/036
Possibility of High Spin Polarization of Off-Stiochiometric Co2MnSn0.5Sb0.5 Heusler Alloy
Mukhtiyar Singh1,†, Hardev S. Saini2,G.S.S. Saini2 and Manish K. Kashyap1
Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana (India)
1
2
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014 (India) †E-mail: [email protected]
Ab-initio calculation of Co2MnSn0.5Sb0.5 Heusler alloy has been presented using full potential linearized
augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). The parent alloy Co2MnSn is
not a true half metallic ferromagnet and has only 75 % spin polarization at Fermi level (EF). On replacing 50 % of Sn
atoms with Sb atoms in Co2MnSn, the Fermi level gets shifted into well defined energy gap for minority spin channel.
In this way, the resultant alloy becomes true half metallic ferro-magnet with 100 % spin polarization. The magnetism
in both parent and resultant alloys is governed by localized moment on Mn atom mainly. This wide range of highly
spin polarized materials can be proved as ideal candidates for spintronic devices.
Reference:
[1] G. A. Prinz, Science 282, 1660-1663 (1998); Phys. Today 48, 58-63 (1995).
[2] O.K. Andersen, Phys. Rev. B 12,3060 (1975).
[3] D.J. Singh, Plane Waves, Pseudo-potential and the LAPW Method (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Dortrecht, London), 1994.
[4] P. Blaha et al., WIEN2k, An Augmented Plane Wave+Local Orbitals Program for Calculating Crystal Properties,K. Schwarz, Techn.
Universität Wien, Wien, Austria, 2001, ISBN: 3-9501031-1-2.
[5]P. Perdew, S. Burke and M. Ernzerhof, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996).
EHST14/AP/037
Design of Comb Drive for MEMS Capacitive Accelerometer
180
Nisha Yadav1, Dinesh S. Rana1 and B. D. Pant2
Department of Instrumentation, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra -136119
2
CEERI Pilani, Rajasthan-333031 [email protected]
1
MEMS capacitive accelerometers are the fastest developing MEMS devices. For these accelerometers, capacitive
sensing is done by using comb drive which gives best results as compared to any other sensing technique. This paper
discusses the effects of structure selection of comb drive on overall output of capacitive accelerometer by comparing results
of four models. The comb drive is designed and studied by using Coventorware MEMS simulation software.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST14/AP/038
Application of Al-doped TiO2 in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Manveen Kaur* and N K Verma
Nano Research Lab, School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar University, Patiala – 147 004
* E-mail: [email protected]
Since Grat¨zel and co-workers in 1991 reported a new type of solar cells based on a porous nanocrystalline
TiO2 electrode, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been attracting attention because of their low fabrication
costs. In the present work, Al-doped TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method have been employed in
DSSC. The morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles has been determined by scanning electron microscopy
and transmission electron microscopy. The Al-doping enlarges the band-gap of TiO2, which modifies the
electrical properties of TiO2. An enhancement in different parameters of DSSC (short circuit current density, open
circuit voltage, fill factor and efficiency) fabricated from Al-doped TiO2 has been achieved relative to that of
DSSC fabricated from un-doped TiO2. This advance is attributed to the increase in conductivity with the Aldoping of the TiO2 electrode.
EHST14/AP/039
Structure Study of Some Bubble Nuclei in the Framework of Relativistic Mean
Field and Non Relativistic Mean Field Formalism
Mahesh K. Sharma1, 3, R. N. Panda2, Manoj K. Sharma3 and S. K. Patra4
Department of Applied Science, Chandigarh EngineeringCollege, Landran, Mohali-140 307
2
Department of Physics, ITER, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar-751 030,
3
Department of SPMS, Thapar University Patiala-147 004
4
Insitute of Physics, Sahcivalaya Marg Bhubaneswar-751 005 *E-mail: [email protected]
1
During last few decades, the advancement in radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities has brought many
exotic phenomena into our knowledge especially the one which are away from the â-stability line. This
information has indeed enhanced our understanding regarding neutron/proton drip lines region of nuclear charts.
The investigation of various isotopes and structure of such isotopes are of current interest for the nuclear science
communities. The bubble structure of certain nuclei is one of such issue. The idea of bubble effect was suggested
22
23
34
36
36
by Wilson [1]. Here, we intent to study the possibilities of existence of bubble structure in O, F, Si, S, Ar and
46
Ar isotopes within the framework of well known Relativistic mean field [2] and newly developed simple
effective interaction using Hartree-Fock [3] formalism. The neutron and proton density distributions as a function
of radius are plotted in Fig 1 using both the formalisms. Such studies are of huge significance for overall
understanding of above mentioned nuclear behavior.
References:
[1] H. A. Wilson, Phys. Rev. 69
(1946) 538.
[2] W. Pannert, P. Ring and J.
Boguta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59,
(1987) 2420.
[3] B. Behera, X. Vinas, M.
Bhuyan, T. Routary, B. K.
Sharma and S. K. Patra, J. Phys.
G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 40 (2013)
095105.
Fig: 1 Neutron and proton densities distribution as a function of radial distance using A.)
HF (SEI-I) B.) RMF (sph NL3) C.) RMF (def NL3).
181
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
FOOD TECHNOLOGY
EHST/BF/06
Milk Fortification with Vitamin D
1
1
*Singh T and Bajwa U
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University,
Ludhiana- 141004 * [email protected]
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient required for healthy bones. It helps in Calcium
absorption in our body. Its deficiency leads to rickets and osteomalacia. Most people meet at
least some of their vitamin D needs through exposure to sunlight's Ultraviolet radiation. But it is
prudent to limit exposure of skin to sunlight. UV radiation is a carcinogen responsible for most of
the skin cancers. Vitamin D deficiency is quite common now a day due to change in lifestyle of
the people. To prevent its deficiency, fortification of milk is best solution and will provide all age
groups children and elderly ones equally. Milk is essential component of human diet. Everybody
consume it in one form or another. Vitamins are available in dry powder form and they are added
preferably as a premix. Fortifying it with Vitamin D will meet the RDA of most of the people. As
in case of Iodine for Salt, law should be passed by Indian Government to make Vitamin D
fortification necessary in the milk. This paper is about the importance of milk fortification with
vitamin D and processes involves in it.
EHST/BF/07
Functional Dairy Foods Beyond the Basic Nutrition
*Davinder Kaur, Taranpreet Singh, Usha Bajwa
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004 *[email protected]
182
A functional food is defined as food that provides health benefit beyond the basic nutrition.
Such foods reduce risk of high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, cancer and
dental caries. With an increase in health care costs, society needs to overcome new challenges
through the development of new scienti?c knowledge. Consumers' increasing interest for
maintaining or improving their health by eating specific food products has led to the development of
many new functional foods including dairy products. These functional dairy foods contain some
functional ingredients that decrease the absorption of cholesterol, reduce blood pressure and play
role in regulation of satiety and have antimicrobial effects. Milk is a good source of fat, protein and
minerals. It also contains several intrinsic functional components like melatonin, conjugated
linoleic acid etc. in amounts lower than the body requirements. Fermented dairy products contain
probiotics with special health benefits. Functional dairy foods could be produced with the addition
and/or generation of functional components. Some examples include milk, yogurts and cheese
enriched with conjugated linoleic acid or plant stanols/sterols to help reduce the risk of heart
disease. Fermented dairy foods possess various nutritional and therapeutic properties. Lactic acid
bacteria (LAB) play a major role in determining the positive health effects of fermented milks and
related products. Dairy products with probiotics and prebiotics enhance digestive health, prevent
colon cancer, help in lowering blood pressure and improve immune functions. Melatonin is
important in curing of sleep disturbance and enhancement of alertness. Milk derived peptides have
immunological, antimicrobial, ACE-inhibitory activity/antihypertensive, anticariogenic and
antioxidant activity.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST/BF/08
Potential Applications of Nanotechnology in Food Industry
Suresh Bhise*1, Amarjeet Kaur2 and Monika Hans3
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University,
Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
2
Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University,
Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
3
Assistant Professor, Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India.
*Email: [email protected]
Nanotechnology is rapidly growing field of research and development concern with
building things on the scale of atoms and molecule. Nanomaterials have been defined as having
one or more dimensions measuring 100nm or less, or having at least one dimension at this scale
which affects the materials behaviour and properties. Nano food describes food which has been
cultivated, produced, processed or packaged using nanotechnology techniques or tools, or to
which manufactured nonmaterial have been added. It has a potential to revolutionize the
scientific world by allowing scientist to manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular scale
using physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. Nanotechnology has potential to increase
efficiency of energy consumption, clean the environment and solve major health problems.
Applications of nanotechnology include food design, food security, food biotechnology, food
safety, some others such as nanosensors, encapsulation in space food and processing
equipments. Nanotechnology offer a way to produce very high quality foods in a much more
sustainable way, while offering better bioavailability of (micro) nutrients. Huge contribution in
research and development that nanotechnology can make is very strong argument in favour of
using this revolutionary technique to its fullest potential in Food Industry.
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EHST/BF/09
Need Of Healing Foods For The Human Body
Payalpreet and Harinder Singh Manesh
Department of Pharmacology, Govt. Medical College, Patiala-147001,
Punjab. e-mail: [email protected]
The healing foods or the anti-inflammatory diet is best described as a diet based on
evidence-based principles of sound eating to promote health, prevent and reduce inflammation
in the body. It can be a helpful treatment adjunct for a wide variety of common diseases including
heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's Disease, COPD, inflammatory bowel disorders, cancer,
depression and pain.
Increase vegetable and fruit intake: Eat 5-9 servings of vegetables and fruit per day, with more
than half as vegetables, deeply-colored fruits and vegetables contain higher amounts of
protective phytochemicals and half of the plate of these foods (excluding potatoes).
Choose whole grain carbohydrates and limit the portion sizes: Choose carbs that are whole
grain and aim for total of 25 grams of fiber per day.
Ensure adequate omega-3 intake: Eat two servings (4 ounces each) of fatty fish per week, or
supplement with 1 gram combined EPA + DHA daily and reduce use of omega-6 fats to keep
ratio of omega-6:omega-3 in range of 2:1 – 4:1.
Choose healthy fats: Substitute olive oil for other vegetable oils, trans-fats, or butter in cooking
for health benefits.
Incorporate plant-based proteins and/or choose lean, natural animal sources of protein.
Spice it up! Include garlic, turmeric, rosemary, ginger, and cayenne in your diet.
Eat mindfully: Adopt the Okinawan philosophy of “hara hachi bu” – stopping when nearly 8/10
full and paying attention to hunger and satiety signals and regardless of how healthy your food
choices are, excess calories from any source increase inflammation and obesity.
Keep weight under control: It is especially important to prevent and reduce obesity, especially
abdominal obesity, as obesity itself sets up chronic inflammatory responses in the body and
Maintain BMI between 18.5 – 24.9.
Focus on the whole diet pattern, not just components. Choose food that is closest to its natural
form (i.e., less processed). Best dietary advice in 7 words: “Eat food. Not too much. Mostly
plants”.
Two ounces of dark chocolate as your treat is necessary per day These are a few tips of healing
foods and more details will be presented at the conference.
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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
EHST 14/CE-016
A Brief Review on Synthesis & Characterization of MnO2 Silica
Monoliths by Nano Casting Method
Heena Singla1, Tejdeep Kaur2, Bhajandeep Kaur3, Gurjinder Singh4, Mohit Rawat,5Soumen
6
Basu
Department of Electronics Engineering1,2,3&4, Department of Nanotechnology5&6
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
In these paper, successful preparations of hierarchically porous manganese oxide
(MnO2or Mn2O3) monoliths by the nanocasting route are described. The starting SiO2
monoliths used as molds were prepared through a straightforward sol-gel process and contain
macropores with adjustable size in the range of 0.5-30nm as well as mesopores which can be
altered between 3 and 30 nm. In the nanocasting process, the silica monoliths will be
impregnated with a metal salt solution, which is subsequently decomposed to a metal oxide by
heat treatments to form a SiO2/MeOx composite. Finally, the silica part can be removed by
leaching in either NaOH or hydrofluoric acid. The composite and replica structures will be
characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,
nitrogen physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocast monoliths will be
positive replicas of the silica structure on the micrometer scale, meaning that the replicas will
have the same macroscopic morphology and macropore structure as the starting silica
monoliths. In contrast, on the nanometer scale the replicated structure will become an inverse (or
a negative replica) of the silica mesopore structure. Furthermore, all prepared metal oxide
monoliths will be fully crystalline. When the hierarchical structure of the monoliths is combined
with the unique chemical or physical properties of the used metal oxides, these novel materials
have great potential in application areas such as catalysis, HPLC, and sensor materials.
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EHST 14/CE-017
Design and Implementation of Advanced Majority Voter for
Enhanced Fault Tolerance in Digital Circuits
Harmandeep Kaur,
Student, Department of Electronics Engineering
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
Japneet Kaur
Assistant Professor,Department of Electronics Engineering
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India,
[email protected]
Manveen Kaur
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Engineering
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
[email protected]
Mission-critical digital systems are often implemented on Field Programmable Gate Arrays
(FPGAs), which allow for easy reprogramming of the hardware. Unfortunately, as is the problem with
many large memory arrays, the FPGA can be affected by external radiation. Radiation can cause
corruption of data flowing on the interconnections between logic elements. Triple Module Redundancy
with a majority vote is an ideal and popular method to prevent these SEUs from affecting the FPGAs
programming. The concept of Triple Module Redundancy (TMR) is based on the idea of implementing
the same logic task three times. In this work we propose a fault tolerant system with a advanced majority
voter for tolerating stuck-at-faults in digital circuits.
EHST 14/CE-018
Size and Shape Controlled Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles by Wet
Chemical Methods for Catalytic Applications
1
186
2
3
4
5
6
Bhajndeep Kaur , Heena Singla , Tejdeep Kaur , Gurjinder Singh , Tarandip Singh, Soumen Basu
1,2,3,4&5
6
Department of Electronics Engineering
, Department of Nanotechnology
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
In this paper, a wet chemical method was developed to prepare stable CuO nano particles using
different capping agents like CTAB (Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide), Strach, PVP (Poly vinyl
pyrrolidone). Copper oxide is one of the earliest semiconductor materials investigated for solar cells. It
is environmentally friendly, nontoxic and furthermore copper is an abundant metal. In spite of having low
power conversion efficiencies when compared to theoretical values, there is much scope to further
improve the efficiency. The chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles are highly dependent on
size and shape of the nanoparticles. By using different capping agents the size and shape as well as surface
to volume ratio of CuO nano particles are changed. Due to high surface to volume ratio, theses CuO nano
particles are used for catalysis. The absorbance of CuO naoparticles was studied by UV Spectroscopy to
monitor the change of size and shape of the nanoparticles. The results showed that different capping
agents alter the absorbance of CuO Nanoparticles, which confirms the variation of size and shape.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST 14/CE-019
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODULATION FORMAT IN CATV
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
a
b
Amanpreet Kaur , Kamaljit Singh Bhatia ,
a,b
Department of Electronics Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University,
Fatehgarh Sahib, India
Keywords: Cable Television(CATV) , Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) , Phase Shift
Keying (PSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK).
For Cable Antenna Television Transmission System there are different modulation formats
which can be used for transmitting the signal to the subscriber efficiently. For determining the
best modulation format to be used in CATV transmission system among Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation (QAM) , Phase Shift Keying (PSK) , Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Direct, Quadrature
Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) work is carried out. In this paper results were taken for Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation (QAM) , Phase Shift Keying (PSK) , Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Direct,
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) for CATV transmission system. Comparison between
these all modulation formats is done on the basis of Eye Diagram, Jitter, Q-value, electrical and
optical spectrum so as to determine the best modulation format for CATV transmission system.
EHST 14/CE-020
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS TYPES OF FIBERS IN SOLITON
TRANSMISSION
Tarnveer Kaura, Kamaljit Singh Bhatiab
A,b
Department of Electronics Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University,
Fatehgarh Sahib, India
Corresponding Author:[email protected]
Fibers act as channel in optical fiber communication that plays vital role in the obtained
output at receiver and solitons are popular waves with unique features that are continuously
gaining researcher's attention. The properties of fiber have great impact on the yield of the
system . Hence it is very important to choose best type of fiber as accordance to the system . Here
we reviewed some basic type of commercial fiber with their properties when we are transmitting
solitons through fiber. Results with different type of fiber transmitting solitons are studied in
terms of Q-value, BER, jitter etc.
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EHST 14/CE-021
SPEED PROTOCOLS IN WSN FOR TIME BASED ROUTING
1
2
Gurpinder Kaur , Er. Manveen Kaur
2
Student(SGGSWU,Fatehgarh Sahib), Assistant Professor(SGGSWU,Fatehgarh Sahib)
Department of Electronics Engineering
The sophisticated environment at WSN requires an effective protocol service like
SPEED(Stateless Protocol for End to End Delay) to satisfy the QOS needs like throughtput, end
to end delay, packet delivery ratio and others relative requirements. In order to enhance the
accuracy of SPEED protocol routing optimization would be done using PSO(Particle Swarm
Optimization).
EHST 14/CE-022
1
EFFECTUATION OF LEACH PROTOCOL
Rajwant Kaur1, Harsimranjit Singh Gill2
1
Student (SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib), 2Assistant Professor (SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib)
Department of Electronics Engineering
Wireless Sensor Network is a network in which there is no central controller. Sensors lifetime
depend entirely upon the battery life of sensors. So, the design of energy efficient protocol is
essential so as to increase the system lifetime. While studying about the conventional protocols
like Direct Transmission, Multi-Hop routing and Static clustering, these all may not be optimal
for wireless sensor networks. That is why, in this paper LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive
Clustering Hierarchy) protocol is proposed so as to maximize the system lifetime. This is a
clustering based protocol, in which rotation of cluster heads among the nodes is done so as to
evenly distribute power among nodes. In this paper implementation of LEACH is performed. In
LEACH transmission is performed basically through cluster heads. Simulations describe that
LEACH can precisely reduce the energy dissipation. LEACH is helpful in doubling the useful
system lifetime for networks by evenly distributing energy dissipation among the sensors.
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EHST 14/CE-023
MICROSTRIP-PATCH ANTENNA
1
2
Jasmeet kaur , Ravneet Kaur, Jaskaran Singh , Manveen Kaur
2
Student (SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib), Assistant Professor (SGGWU, Fatehgarh Sahib)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
This paper aims at designing and analysis of micostrip-patch antenna. Antenna have
always been the part that makes wireless device a wireless. So, one who wants to specialize in
the communication field needs to have a basic understanding of the electromagnetic radiation,
antennas and related propagation phenomena. This papers discuss on the performance,
characteristic, measurement and application of antennas in modern wireless communication
systems. Antenna is an important part of any wireless communication system as it converts the
electronic signals (propagating in the RF Transreceiver) into Electromagnetic Waves
(Propagating in the free space) efficiently with minimum loss. We use antennas when nothing
else is possible, as in communication with a missile or over rugged mountain terrain where
cables are expensive and take a long time to install. The performance characteristics of the
system are heavily influenced by the selection, position and design of the antenna suite. In this
paper we have analysed and designed a rectangular microstrip-patch antenna . The desired
frequency is chosen to be 1.9 GHz at which the patch antenna is designed. After calculating the
various parameters such as width, effective dielectric constant, effective length and actual
length, the antenna impedance is matched to 50 ohm of coaxial feed. The return loss, current
distibution and gain are observed followed by the radiation pattern. These results are obtained
through Sonnet software.
Keywords- Rectangular Microstrip Antenna, Impedance, Return loss, VSWR, radiation
pattern.
1
EHST 14/CE-024
MIMO OFDM IN WIMAX
1
2
Gurbir Kaur , Er. Manveen Kaur
1
2
Student(SGGSWU,Fatehgarh Sahib), Assistant Professor(SGGSWU,Fatehgarh Sahib)
Department of Electronics Engineering
The much-anticipated technology of WIMAX, aims to provide business and consumer wireless
broadband services on the scale of the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). Multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology is combined with orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is implemented in WIMAX using Alamouti transmitter and
reciever. In order to eliminate intersymbol interference caused by multipath propagation and
to increase capacity . In this paper the performance of system is analysed comparing BER using
matlab simulation over various modulation schemes.
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Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
EHST 14/CE-025
PARAMETRIC BASE COMPARITIVE STUDY OF THE RIGHT
PROTOCOL FOR ROUTING
PARAMJEET SINGH SANDHU1, MANPARVEEN SINGH2, KAMALJIT SINGH BHATIA3
This paper represents parameters are factors that decide use of particular protocol for
particular application. Different protocols for routing are used to increase utilization of
bandwidth. Here we have discussed about right protocol for routing with parametric study of
protocols. OPNET is used to examine various parameters of Protocols RIP, EIGRP, IGRP and
OSPF. Results demonstrate five parameters on ends of transmitter and receiver.
Keywords— Enhanced Interior gateway routing protocol (IGRP), Interior gateway routing
protocol (IGRP), Open shortest path first (OSPF) and Router information protocols (RIP).
EHST 14/CE-026
SECURITY AND ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WSN
Parminder Kaur, Er. Manveen Kaur
Student(SGGSWU), Assistant Professor(SGGSWU)
Department of Electronics Engineering
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consists of small nodes with sensing, computation, and
wireless communications capabilities. The independent operation of the devices and the selforganization feature of the network includes some challenges related to security, particularly
regarding the security of routed data over the network. It is quite necessary to choose an optimal
path for energy efficient routing. A path should be sufficient enough to protect the data packet
from any kind of loss or some external attack. In this paper, comparison between routing
protocols MBRR , LEACH , REAR are included.
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EHST 14/CE-027
REVIEW ON BLOWFISH ALGORITHM
1
2
Manjot kaur , Harsimranjit Singh Gill
2
Student (SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib), Assistant Professor (SGGWU, Fatehgarh Sahib)
Department of Electronics Engineering
In today's world the secure data transmission via internet is an essential part. Effective
security solutions for wireless sensor networks are not easy due to the limited resources and
hazard nature of WSN. Wireless communication systems greatly need highly secured encryption
technique. The encryption and decryption algorithms play a vital role for secure communication.
The cryptographic algorithms are the algorithms, which helps to provide the security in the
network. Blowfish algorithm provides confidentiality and semantic security by encryption. The
blowfish algorithm is very fast and useful scheme, even though it was introduced over a decade
ago. Blowfish provide a good encryption rate in software. This paper is a comprehensive of
blowfish algorithm and some of the attacks on the algorithm are also discussed.
Keywords- Blowfish algorithm, encryption, decryption, subkey generation, feistel function,
attacks.
1
EHST 14/CE-028
PERFORMANCE OF OFDM SYSTEM OVER VARIOUS FADING
CHANNELS
1
2
Simranjeet Kaur , Er. Manveen Kaur
Student (SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib) , 2Assistant Professor (SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib)
(Department Of Electronics Engineering)
With the benefits of high data rates, spectral efficiency, resistance to frequency selective
fading, elimination of Inter symbol interference (ISI) etc, Orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) has developed as popular scheme for wireless And wired
communication. In this paper the performance of OFDM system in terms of BER over Additive
white guassian noise (AWGN) channel, Rayleigh fading channel and Rician fading channel
using different modulation techniques (BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM ) are compared. Also
the perfor
1
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ABSTRACT:
International & Recent Entries
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Environmental Issues in Sri Lanka and Their SolutionsAn Analytical Study
194
Ravindra Kariyasam
University of Sri Jayvardhanpura, Sri lanka
The American Heritage Science Dictionary (2005) defines environment as all of the biotic
and abiotic factors that act on an organism, population, or ecological community and influence its
survival and development. Biotic factors include the organisms themselves, their food, and their
interactions. Abiotic factors include such items as sunlight, soil, air, water, climate, and pollution.
Organisms respond to changes in their environment by evolutionary adaptations in form and
behavior. the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences; surroundings; milieu.
According to Collins' English Dictionary (2003) environment includes (a) external conditions or
surroundings, especially those in which people live or work (b) (Biology) ecology the external
surroundings in which a plant or animal lives which tend to influence its development and behavior
(c) the state of being environed; encirclement. Ecology thus can be considered as part of
environment. According Webster's College Dictionary (2010) (a) environment is the aggregate of
surrounding things, conditions, or influences; surroundings; milieu. (b) the air, water, minerals,
organisms, and all other external factors surrounding and affecting a given organism at any time. (c)
the social and cultural forces that shape the life of a person or a population.
Environment thus can be considered as all inclusive including the ecology, hence is dealt
with as such. Preservation of entire environment is the very fundamental principal of Mahayana
Buddhism. The four environmental spheres i.e., atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and
biosphere fall within the definition of environment. Environment can be natural or man-made. Here
stress is on the ethics for preservation of natural environment from human interference and
destructive efforts.
Sri Lanka is an island on the southern tip of India, which has been identified as one of the top
biodiversity areas in Asia region. Sri Lanka's natural forest resources are amongst the most
floristically prosperous in Asia and it has the highest density of species diversity. However recently
anthropogenic threats to its forests and other natural resources (e.g., coastal, rivers, soil, fauna, flora
etc., have increased exponentially. Sri Lanka is presently faced with challenges of environment
conservation such as deforestation, freshwater pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, soil erosion,
wildlife poaching, coastal degradation, mangrove reduction etc. The lack of effective
environmental laws and weak policies together compound the situation further (Ram Alagan: 2014).
Deforestation and commercialization of wildlife have become a profitable business. Deforestation
destroys not only forests but also reduces bio-intensity and biodiversity, (Yamamoto: 1998). The
forests in Sri Lanka have been reduced to half in last 50 years. Due to various human induced
practices mainly allowing settlements in forests, has caused the wanton destruction unabashedly.
Deforestation has increased soil erosion, landslides, floods and flora degradation and damage to
human life and property. The cutting down of tropical rain forests is particularly means a reduction
in living things and ultimately causing havoc on whole ecosystem. The cutting down of tropical rain
forests is particularly detrimental to wildlife and other living beings. The slash and burn type of
farming still in vogue in most part of Sri Lanka to make way for agricultural production or harvesting
trees for energy or export material. Commercialization of wildlife, either exported as food, pets or fur
or usually further aggravated by over-hunting and deforestation, also reduces wildlife in some cases
to the point of extinction.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
Land development, transgenic crops and chemical pollution are also harmful to the
environmental ecosystem. the continuous trend of developing farmlands, cities, dams,
recreational facilities, land reclamation etc., are serious hazards to the existing and future human
life. Transgenic crops created through a recombination of genes, transgenic crops may look
beneficial since they have in-built protection against noxious insects, cold or dry weather and
specific agricultural chemicals, but these transgenic crops introduce extraneous genes into the
ecosystem which has the potential for destroying or seriously changing the structure of
ecosystem and mechanism of evolution. The chemical pollution including heavy metals,
agricultural chemicals, food additives as well as endocrine disrupters are rooted in extraction of
naturally occurring materials such as heavy metals and synthesizing of artificial compounds
using oil and chlorine etc. many artificial chemicals tend to turn toxic when accumulated in a
living beings e.g., the agricultural chemicals, design to kill insects destroy the mechanism of
living. Endocrine disrupters have been shown to affect reproduction through lower sperm count,
as well as ontogeny seen through high risk of deformity. (Carson,1987; Colborn ,1997 and
Cadbury (1997).
Sri Lankans are as concerned about global warming, ozone layer depletion,
deforestation, reduction of biodiversity etc., as any awakened environmentalist. The Sri
Lankans find the reduction of biodiversity as the greatest challenge since it is affecting state's
ecosystem adversely. The wanton killings of animals, trees, fish and other types of species have
gone unchecked over the ages has caused imbalance in the biodiversity. Sri Lanka are primarily
Mahayana Buddhists who value life. In Buddhism human life and for that matter all other forms
of life are regarded as being of the same matter. (Yamamoto: 1993, 1998). Buddhism follows six
kinds of practices i.e., donating (dana paramita), keeping the percepts (sila paramita),
forbearance (ksanti-paramita), being assiduous (virya- paramita), practicing meditation (dhyanparamita), and cultivating wisdom (prajna-paramita). Living with wisdom, upholding the
percepts and causing no pain are especially appropriate as ethical norms.
The killing of wildlife e.g., for hunting and food is also against the principle of Buddhism. The
catching of monkeys, snakes, squirrels, tortoise etc., have been on the rise. Extinction of snakes
helps increase in rodents. No one has the right to take life of others as per Mahayana Buddhism.
People must be wise enough to know the long term consequences of such exterminations. They
must be wise enough to know the consequences of their actions. The attainment of wisdom (
prajana-paramita) by which a boddhistva attains enlightenment (sat Paramitah) is the attainment
of absolute wisdom about dependent origination (pratyasamputada) and the “middle way”. The
doctrine of dependent origination teaches us than an entity does not exist and generate
independently. Instead, it is characterized by its fundamental interdependence and
interconnectedness to all phenomena. This concept of fundamental interdependence and
interconnectedness of all phenomena indicates a relationship of space (ontology) and time
(formation). The ecological environment of today is included in the relationship of space and
time. This means that all living being on earth are interrelated including the circulation of
organics and inorganic matter. This also relates to subsequent births and transmigration.
Regarding middle path Hirakawa ' as the middle way of pleasure and pain. Sakyamuni, unable to
attain enlightenment through meditation, got into the rituals of pleasure and pain until got his
salvation at the hands of Sujata. Pain here suggests the pain for practice while pleasure is the
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196
achievement of salvation. All living beings however deserve respect since they are all the forms
of the one unitary whole. The following pf Buddhist ethics leads conservation of biodiversity.
Under the Sri Lanka Soil Act (1996) there are several institutions responsible to protect soil
resources. Environment Ministry, Ministry of Maha Valley development, Ministries of Land and
irrigation, housing, highways, industries, finance and provincial councils, mines and minerals,
forestry and irrigation have their role to play. Although soil conservation regulation is well
outlined in legislation, the implementation is very limited. Lack of public awareness caused
erosion of rich lands in turn causing reservoir sedimentation. 40% of Polgolla dam is filled with
slit. Increasing garbage in cities like Moratuwa, Kandy, Colombo, Matale, Gampaha, Negombo
and lack of proper dumping is also becoming a major problem in environmental conservation. it
has not only increased the litter but also affected the wild elephants and monkeys which were fed
on the garbage and affected physically.
The spirit of Buddhism has however, restrained the people of Sri Lanka for large scale
biodegradation and Sri Lanka remains the best bio-diverse and well-forested country in Asia.
One of the key principle of Buddhist teaching is 'pratiyasamutpada' meaning independent coarising or 'dependent origination' whereby Buddhist see all things and phenomenon as
interdependent and arising from multiple causes and conditions (Thich Naht Hanh, 1998: 221249), analogous to sustainable development. Sustainable Development is based on the principle
of matching human resources and needs of the beings without undermining the sustainability of
natural systems and the environment, so that the needs of the future generations are also
preserved (World Commission on Environment and Development report of 6 June 2013).
Buddhism teaches that the idea of separateness is an illusion. The health of the whole is
inseparably linked to the health of the parts, and the health of the parts is inseparably linked to the
health of the whole. This means that caring for the environment begins with caring for oneself:
'When our hearts are good, the sky will be good to us.' Buddhist practice makes one feel one's
existence is no more important than anyone else's. If one treats nature as a friend and teacher, one
can be in harmony with other creatures and appreciate the interconnectedness of all that lives.
Buddha taught people to live simply and appreciate the natural cycle of life. Craving and greed
only bring unhappiness, since demands for material possessions can never be satisfied and
people will always demand more, so threatening the environment. This is why the real solution
to the environmental crisis begins with the individual.
The principle of 'inter-being' provides a very meaningful tool for guiding human beings
in relating holistically and responsibly with all other beings and parts of nature and our universe.
It the people continue to destroy the environment, all humanity will suffer, for the consequences
of pollution, loss of biodiversity, desertification, deforestation and climate change. The
Buddhist teachings of compassion and love or loving kindness (King 2009, Chappell, 2000:
Thich Naht Hanh, 2010) complement the vision of sustainable development. Not only should
human beings act compassionately and lovingly towards other species including protecting
biodiversity and avoiding harmful, inhumane or violent treatment of other sentient beings and
parts of the universe but avoid unsustainable actions of ecological destruction, cruelty to
animals, wars and militarization which also affect the environment negatively.
EHST-2014
Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib
References
1. Aldo, Leopold (1986), YaseinoUtagaKikoeru, Shinrin-Shobo (A Sand County Almanac, 1966, Oxford University
Press.)
2. Andrew Kittle and Anjali Watson,(2007), Wilderness and Wildlife Conservation Trust: URL:
http://www.wwct.org/index.php
3. Ariyaratne, A. T. (n.d.). Sarvodaya Project Plans: A Look into The Past Present and Future. Retrieved on July 29,
2011 from http://www. sarvodaya.org/activities /tsunami/project-plans.
4. Bonmo-kyo (Brahma-net Sutra), Ritsubuvol. 12, Kokuyaku-issai-kyo, Daito Shupan-sha.
5. Cadbury, Deborah (1997), The Feminization of Nature: Our Future at Risk, (Mesuka-suruSizen, Shuei-sha,
1998) Hamish Halilton.
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EHST-2014
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A Critical Conceptual Analysis of Definitions of Artificial Intelligence
as Applicable to Computer Science & Engineering
Prof (Col Retd.) Dalvinder Singh Grewal,
PhD (Mgmt, English, Computer Sc.)
Dean R & D
Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, India
[email protected], 919815366726
It is essential to define before we start for an objective. An undefined objective is nearly
impossible to achieve. Defining involves enumerating the ingredients of the matter for related
action. For example if we have to study Artificial Intelligence as applicable to Computer Science
and Engineering in Bachelor of Technology of various Universities; we find it is defined in a
standard text book as follows: 'Artificial Intelligence is the study of how to make computer
do things which, at the moment people do better' or 'AI is a branch of Computer Science
concerned with the study and creation of Computer systems that exhibit some form of
intelligence, systems that learn new concepts and tastes, systems that can reason and draw
useful conclusion about the world around us, systems that can understand a natural
language or perceive and comprehend a visual scene and systems that perform other types
of feats that require human types of intelligence”. Or 'The study of the computations that
make it possible to perceive, reason and act.'
Key features of Artificial Intelligence in these definitions are (a) Computer as the main
source (b) Programming is the key process (c) Simulating natural beings is the method (d)
Purpose is processing knowledge for intelligence (e) Scope limited to computer and
programming
199
INVESTIGATIONS ON NEGATIVE DISPERSION FIBER FOR
METRO NETWORKS
a
b
c
Sanjeev Kumar , Kamaljit Singh Bhatia , Kulwinder Singh
a,c
Department of Electronics and communication, Bhai Maha Singh College of Engg., Sri
Muktsar Sahib, 152026, India
b
Department of Electronics Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh
Sahib, India
In this paper, we will compare the performance features of different fibers having
positive and negative dispersion in the EDFA bands. At higher bit rates, in addition to loss
compensation, we may also need to consider the chromatic dispersion compensation. Different
options related to dispersion and initial chirp will also be investigated. Besides that correlation of
chirp with dispersion compensation will also be explored.
Key words: Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Inter Carrier Interference (ICI), Inter Symbol
Interference (ISI)
INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION OF QUADRATIC FORMS:
REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT
Chetna
Faculty, Department of Mathematics, MM Modi College, Patiala
Present paper is based on a comprehensive literature survey of integral representations of
quadratic forms. The paper takes stock of the work done in the area of quadratic forms with
reference to two, three and up to n variables. Each part has brief literature review of different
representations of quadratic forms according to different conditions. In the first section
contributions of Ramanujan and Dickson towards quadratic form has been reviewed. In the
second section recent work done by various authors has been cited. This paper reviews the
contribution of various researchers in the area of integral representations of quadratic forms and
also indicates the scope for future research.
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