Norwegian electromobility policy for 2020.
Norwegian electromobility policy for 2020 Per-André Torper Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications Oslo, June 11th 2015 Samferdselsdepartementet Sold cars in May 2015 1. Volkswagen Golf 1 323 2. Tesla Model S 3. Toyota Auris 346 352 4. Toyota Rav4 296 5. Skoda Octavia 329 6. Toyota Yaris 7. Nissan Leaf 371 176 8. Mitsubishi Outlander 399 9. Volkswagen Passat 236 10. Mazda CX-5 286 Source: OFV 2 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet EVs in Norway EVs: • 54 000 (may 2015) • 18 per cent of new cars sold in 2014 • 1,5 per cent of passenger car fleet PEVs: • 4000 (april 2015) 3 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Background • Transport sector accounts for approx. 1/4 of Norway’s GHG-emissions • Two broad political agreements on climate in the Norwegian Parliament (2008 and 2012) • The 2012-agreement protected existing taxincentives until 2018, or until 50 000 EVs reached • Goal from climate agreement: 85 gram CO2/km in 2020 from new cars 4 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Tax exemptions for EVs • No purchase tax (EUR 350 – 60 000 for conventional cars) • No VAT (25% for conv. cars) • Reduced annual vehicle license fee (EUR 50 per year vs. 400) • Imposed benefit taxation for private use of a company car halved compared to conventional cars (EUR 2500 – 4500 per year) 5 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Purchase tax-exemption for EVs 8 NOK = 1 EUR 600000 500000 ,- 400000 NOK 300000 Weight Power 200000 CO2 100000 0 -100000 Tesla Model S Performance Tesla Model S Performance Nissan Leaf Nissan Leaf Hypothetical tax: EUR 400 Hypothetical tax: EUR 60 000 -200000 6 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet In addition, electric vehicles have… • • • • • 7 Free parking (EUR 25/day in Oslo) No road toll (EUR 4/day in Oslo) Free ferry (from EUR 10/trip) Access to public transport lanes Higher compensation for use in work (about 10%) Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Charging stations • Charging stations: 1700 • Charging points: 6400, of which 5600 are publicly available • A large share has received government support • In addition many municipalities provide financial support for charging stations 8 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Electric cars sold in Norway 12000 10000 Number 8000 No purchase tax Free parking Transnova established 6000 Access to public transport lane No road toll 4000 Free ferry No VAT or other taxes Half tax for using electric car as a bussines car 2000 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year 9 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Effect of the policy Some arguments in the debate: • Reduced CO2-emissions • (personal cars sold in May 2015: 99 g/CO2/km -average) • Reduced NOx-emissions • Development of technology for the low emissions society • Switch from public transport, cycling and walking to EV, increased traffic • Delays for public transport and using space in the cities • Income loss to the state, municipalities and road toll companies 10 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Income loss 2015 Mill € 11 Free Parking 15 Tolls/ferry 30 Annual tax 20 VAT 200 Purchase tax 200 Sum 4-500 Norske elbil-insentiver 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Future policy - taxes • Number of EVs passed 50 000 april this year • New political agreement in 2015: • No VAT on leasing of electric cars • Tax incentives to kept until 2018, and thereafter gradually reduced • Annual tax introduced with half rate from 2018, and full rate from 2020 • Purchase tax exemption prolonged to 2020. • Change from no VAT to a system with a grant scheme? 12 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Future policy – local benefits • New political agreement in 2015 (2): • Local municipalities will have central influence over the “access to public transport lanes". • Local municipalities decides free parking etc • Looking at environmental effect of a system with differenced taxes in the toll rings and on the ferrys. 13 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Public transport lanes • Public transport lanes are starting to fill up (with EVs), and delays the public transport • Due to construction work in the tunnels in Oslo Electric vehicles need a passenger to use the bus lanes • Result: Busses use half time 14 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Summary – policy towards 2020 • Slow reduction in benefits • Other new instruments? • More local influence 15 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Thank you for your attention! Samferdselsdepartementet Samferdselsdepartementet 1 € ≈ 8 NOK CO2-element in purchase tax 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 € 30000 20000 10000 0 -10000 -20000 18 Electric vehicles in Norway CO2 (g/km) 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Main instrument: Purchase tax • High level (on average EUR 14 000/car) • Four components: • Weight • CO2-emissions • Power (kW) • NOx-emissions • All elements are progressive • In addition, cars with very low CO2-emissions (<105 g/km) get a deduction in the tax levied on weight and power (≈800-1000 NOK per g CO2) 19 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Average CO2-emissions of new cars 200 180 CO2 (g/km) 160 140 120 100 80 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year 20 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet PHEV • Plug-in hybrids do not have the same benefits as pure electric vehicles. • They pay full VAT, are not allowed in bus lanes etc., and do not have EL number plates. • However, they do get a deduction of 26 per cent in the weight component of the purchase tax, and the power associated with the electric motor is not included in the basis for the engine power component in the purchase tax. 21 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet RED • 4,5 per cent renewable energy share in transport in 2013 • Biofuels essential for reaching 2020 target • The Parliament has decided to increase biofuel sales requirement from 3,5 to 5 per cent 22 Electric vehicles in Norway 2015.06.12 Samferdselsdepartementet Thank you! Samferdselsdepartementet
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