1. Reproduction A) Reproduction in organisms VSA 1. Why are Date Palms reffered to as dioecious? 2. What marks the end of vegetative phase in plants? 3. Name the vegetative propagules seen in the following : (a) Agave (b) Water hyacinth 4. Give the scientific name of the plant that produces flowers once in twelve years 5. Why do the internodal segment of sugarcane fails to propagate vegetatively even when they are in contact with damp soil? SA 1. Why are papaya and date palm plants said to be dioecious whereas cucurbits and coconut palms monoecious, in spite of all of them bearing unisexual flowers? B) Sexual reproduction in flowering plant VSA 1. Define Spermiation 2. Do pollen grains survive in adverse conditions? 3. Mention the pollinating agent of an inflorescence of small dull coloured flowers with well exposed stamens and large feathery stigma. Give any one characteristic of pollen grain produced by such flowers SA 1. Geitonogamous flowering plants are genetically autogamous but functionally cross pollinated. Justify. 2. Draw a diagram of microsporangium and label its wall layers. Write briefly on the role of Endothecium. 3. With a neat, labeled diagram, describe the parts of a mature angiosperm embryo sac. Mention the role of synergids. 4. Draw the sectional view of a pollen grain & label any three parts 5. Differentiate between internal & external reproduction with examples 6. Draw a neat labeled diagram of a monocot seed. 7. If the number of chromosomes in the leaf cell of a flowering plant is 28. What number would you expect in the embryo and endosperm? 8. If the chromosome no in a plant species is 40, what will be the chromosome number and the ploidy of the i) Megaspore mother cell ii) the endosperm cells? LA 1. Explain briefly the development of female gametophyte. Draw a labeled diagram of mature embryo sac. 2. Give reasons why: (i) Most zygote in the angiosperm divide only after certain amount of endosperm is formed. (ii) Ground nut seeds are Exalbuminous and caster seeds are Albuminous. (iii) Micropyle remains as small pore in the seed coat of a seed. (iv) Iinteguments of an ovule harden and the water content is highly reduced, as the Seed matures. (V) Apple and cashew are not called true fruits 3. (a) draw the labeled diagram of L S of an albuminous seed and label any six parts. 4. (a)Draw a neat labeled diagram of an anatropus ovule. (b)What is meant by triple fusion? 5. Give reasons why – (a) Most zygotes in angiosperms divide only after certain amount of endosperm is formed. (b) Groundnut seeds are exalbuminous and castor seeds are albuminous. (c) Micropyle remains as a small pore in the seed coat of a seed. (d) Integuments of an ovule harden and the water content is highly reduced, as the seed matures. (e) Apple and cashew are not called true fruit. C) Human Reproduction VSA 1. What initiate the foetal ejection reflex? 2. Name the important mammary gland secretions that help in resistance of the new born baby 3. Why do intensely lactating mothers do not generally conceive? SA 1. a. In which part of human female reproductive system do the following events take place? (i) Release of 1st polar body (ii) Release of 2nd polar body b. From where do signals for parturition originate? What does the maternal pituitary release for stimulating uterine contractions for child birth? 2. What prevent the polyspermy in human? Explain the phenomenon 3. Draw the well labeled diagram of gametogenesis in human male. 4. Name the cells located inside & outside the seminiferous tubule. 5. Given below is a flow chart showing ovarian changes during menstrual cycle. Fill in the spaces giving the name of the hormones responsible for the events shown LA 1. a. What are sperm lysins? Explain their role in the process of fertilization? b. Explain the process of development of zygote in human female till its implantation. 2. Given below is a flow chart showing ovarian changes during menstrual cycle. Fill in the spaces with the name of hormones responsible for the events ii. How is placenta connected to the embryo? Explain the role of Placenta as an endocrine tissue? 3. Explain oogenisis with the help of diagram. 4. a) In which part of female reproductive system do the following events occur? i) Release of 1st Polar body ii) Release of 1st Polar body iii) Fertilization iv) Implantation b) Name the hormone that the female pituitary release for parturition and what is source of signal for the same? 5. (a) When and where does spermatogenesis occurs in human male? (b) Draw a neat diagram of a mature human male gamete. Label the following parts – Acrosome, nucleus, middle piece and tail. (c) Mention the functions of acrosome and middle piece. D) Reproductive health VSA 1. Why is ‘Saheli’ considered to be an improved form of oral contraceptive for human female? 2. Expand the following : (a) IUCD (b) MTP SA 1. Differentiate between GIFT & ZIFT. 2. Describe the Coitus Iintrruptus method of birth control. 3. What are the possible illeffects of using contraceptives.? 4. How do the IUDs prevent pregnancy 5. A mother of one year old daughter wanted to space her second child. Her doctor suggested CuT. Explain its contraceptive actions. LA 1. i)What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practiced to help infertile couples. Describe any three such techniques. ii) Comment on the essential features of an ideal contraceptive. II. Genetics and Evolution A) Principles of Inheritance and Variation VSA 1. Give the karyotype of an individual suffering from Klinefelter’s syndrome. 2. What is sequence annotation? 3. Hemophilic son was born to normal parents. Give the genotypes of the parents. SA (2/3 MARKS) 1. . Identify ‘a’ , ‘b’, ‘c’ in the table given below – S.No. i. ii. iii. Pattern of inheritance Co-dominance ‘b’ Incomplete dominance Monohybrid F1 Phenotypic expression ‘a’ The progeny resembled one of the parent ‘c’ 2. A woman of 47 year old delivered an abnormal child with flattened nasal bridge and mouth usually open with a large protruding tongue. Name this genetic abnormality. What causes this condition? 3. Give any two similarities between the behaviour of genes (Mendel’s factors) during inheritance and of chromosomes during cell division. 4. How do you relate Dominance, Co-dominance and Incomplete Dominance in the inheritance of characters? Elaborate with one example each. 5. Not all characters show true dominance. What are the two other possible types of dominance/ Give one example each. 6. A point mutation leads to adverse change in the function of haemoglobin (Bita globin chain). Identify the disease that may occur due to this mutation. Mention the change of amino acids in the polypeptide due to this mutation 7. Given below is a pedigree chart. Mention if the trait is autosomal dominant,autosomal recessive or sex linked 8. Explain the following properties of genetic code i. Unambiguous, ii. Degenerate iii. Universal 9. Diagrammatically represent a testcross. 10. What is Down’s syndrome? Give its symptoms and cause. Why is it that the chances of having a child with Down’s syndrome increase if the age of the mother exceeds forty years? LA 1. You are given tall Pea plants with Yellow seeds whose genotypes are unknown. How would you find the genotype of these plants? Explain with the help of a cross. 2. What is multiple inheritance ?describe the pattern of inheritance of ABO blood groups. 3. A man with AB blood group marries a woman with O group blood. Work out all possible phenotypes of the progeny. Discuss the kind of the dominance in the parents & progeny. B) Molecular Basis of Inheritance VSA 1. Due to an error during transcription, ATG of DNA formed UAG in mRNA. What would happen to the polypeptide chain during translation by the changed mRNA? 2. What is the Non coding sequences present within a gene called? SA 1. a. Draw a neat labeled diagram of a nucleosome b.Mention what enables histones to acquire a positive charge 2. Draw the structure of the initiator t RNA adapter molecule. Why is it called as an adapter molecule? 3. Label the parts a,b and c . 4. What is probe? How is it different from VNTR? 5. As the figure suggests, the synthesis of DNA on one of the parental strands of DNA is discontinuous. What is its cause? What happens to these short stretches of synthesized DNA? 6. Define an Operon. Giving an example, explain an inducible operon. 7. Name the bond that links (a) A phosphate to a nucleoside. (b) A pentose sugar to a nitrogen base 8. .A hypothetical sequence of DNA is shown below. 3’ AGTATCGACTACATG 5’ 5’ TCATAGCTGATGTAC 3’ (a)Which of the strand will be transcribed? (b)Write the sequence of bases on the RNA transcribed 9. What is the function of Histone? Name the Amino acid residues of histones 10. The base sequence of one strand of DNA is TACTAGGAT (i) Write the base sequence of the RNA got after transcription of the given sequence. (ii) What is the distance maintained between the two consecutive pairs of bases in the DNA molecule? (iii) Who contributed the base complementary rule? LA 1. Draw a schematic sketch of replication fork of DNA labeling the strands. OR What does the lac operon consist of? How is the operator switch turned on & off in the expression of genes in this operon? Explain. 2. (a) Which enzyme help in replication of DNA . (b) how the dis continuous synthesis of DNA takes place ?Explain with suitable diagram. 3. (a) name the soluble RNA. (b) draw a clover leaf model of it showing the following (i) tyrosine attached to its amino acid site. (ii) anti codon for this amino acid. (c) What is its role? 4. What is lac operon model of gene expression? Who gave it? How is it switch on and off? 5. What are introns and exons? What process removes the unwanted RNA regions and joins those that code for amino acids? Describe the process of transcription in prokaryotes. 6. What is meant by charging of tRNA? Why is it done?Describe the process of Translation. 7. Explain briefly the mechanism of protein synthesis 8. Define central dogma of molecular biology. Explain the process of translation. 9. How did Hershey and Chase prove that DNA is the genetic material? 10. - What is meant by semi-conservative replication? How did Meselson and Stahl prove it 5 experimentally. C) Evolution VSA 1. Name the immediate ancestor of human being. 2. Can we call the human evolution as an example of adaptive radiation? 3. Mention the type of evolution that has brought the similarity as seen in potato tuber and sweet potato. SA 1. State in what ways Stanley Miller simulated the conditions of (i) Primitive atmosphere on earth (ii) Energy source at the time of origin of life (iii) Formation of organic molecules of life to prove the theory of chemical evolution. 2. What is the basic difference between Lamarck and Darwin theory of organic evolution. Explain the any one theory with suitable example. 3. State Hardy-Weinberg principle. What do you understand by “founder effect”? 4. By taking Industrial melanism as an example, explain the concept of natural selection by evolution. How can you explain the resistance of insects to insecticides these days on this basis? 5. Which one of the following is homologous to the wings of bat? (a) Tail of kangaroo (b) Tail fin of a fish (c)Wing of a butterfly (d) Arm of a human 6. How were the various simulation of primitive environment created in the experiment performed by Stanley Miller? i) Primitive environment on earth ii) Energy source at the time of origin iii) Formation of organic molecule of life to prove the theory of chemical evolution 7. A population has been exhibiting genetic equilibrium” i) Explain the above meaning ii) Name the underlying principal iii) List any two factors which will upset the genetic equilibrium of the population. 8. In a certain population the frequency of three genotypes is given below- Genotypes AA Aa aa Frequency 24% 58% 18% What are the likely frequencies of “A” and “a”? 9. The evolutionary story of moths in England during industrialization reveals, that 'evolution is apparently reversible'. Clarify this statement LA 1. Explain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and equation representing this equilibrium. Give an account of the factors that affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. III. Biology and Human Welfare A) Health and Disease VSA 1. How do neutrophils act as cellular barriers to pathogens in Humans? SA 1. Name one primary and one secondary lymphoid organ. Which lymphoid tissue constitutes about 50% of the lymphoid tissue in the human body? 2. Name the cell that act as HIV factory in humans when infected by HIV? Explain the events that occur in the infected cell? Or Compare between malignant tumour and benign tumour (any 3 points 3. Which type of immunity is provided by the mother during feeding the Infant ?name the Iimmuno-globulins present in milk? 4. (a) name the causative agent of elephantiasis. (b) list the symptoms of it. (c) how the pathogens gain the entry in to human body? 5. STDs can be considered as self invited diseases. Comment. 6. Name the medicinally useful chemical produced by Rauwolfia. How does the plant expressits genetic variations? 7. Describe the cellular methods of innate immunity 8. How is innate immunity different from the immunity that you acquire through vaccines? Describe any two ways by which innate immunity can be accomplished. 9. Fill up the blank spaces a, b, c and d in the table given below- S.No. 12- Name of the Drug a Marijuana Plant source Poppy plant c Organ system affected b d 9.How are auto-immune disease different from immunodeficiency disease? Give one example of each in human 10. How the cancerous cell differs from normal cell? How the cancer can be detected? LA 1. Recently there was a case in news involving a 21 year old youth ‘Anmol Sarna’ who lost his life allegedly after having a dose of LSD with his friends. On the basis of this, answer the following questions – 1+1+2+1=5 i. Give full name of LSD. ii. There has been a trend of more incidences of drug abuse among adolescents and youths. Give any two causes which motivate them towards drug and alcohol use? iii. Define Addiction. How does it lead to Dependence? iv. Suggest any two measures to control abuse of drugs among adolescents. 2. Represent schematically the life cycle of a malarial parasite? 3. Explain with the help of a labelled diagram the lifecycle of a retrovirus. B) Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production VSA 1. Give two examples of Biofortified plants. SA(2/3 MARKS) 1. Numerous pest and disease resistant crops have been released in recent years for the improvement in agricultural yield. However, production of such crops also account for adverse side effects. It has led to the development of ‘super pests’ and ‘super weeds’ which require more scientific inputs to control them. Considering this situation, answer the questions(i) What values have been neglected in the above case? (ii) Should we allow the continuation of such practices? Justify your answer. (iii) Which other methods should be preferred to keep the pests and diseases at manageable level and improve the agricultural yield? 2. How is Rosie different from a Narmal cow? Explain. 3. Describe the technology that has successfully increase the heard size of cattle in short time to meet the increasing demands of growing human population. 4. Why are proteins synthesized from Spirullina called Single Cell Protein? 5. Name the disease which Pusa sadabahar variety of chili is resistant to? Give any two advantages of Tissue Culture 6. Why does the beekeeper keep the beehives in the crop in the flowering seasons? Mention two advantages 7. Show with the help of well labeled diagram biogas plant. 8. What is biofortification? Give one example each of biofortified animal and plant 9. Scientists have succeeded in recovering healthy sugarcane plants from a diseased one. 10. (a) Name the part of the plant used as explant by the scientists. 11. (b) Describe the procedure that the scientists followed to recover the healthy plants. 12. (c) Name the technology used in this process. LA 1. Enumerate the various steps involved in breeding a new genetic variety of a crop. C) Microbes in human welfare VSA 1. What is the medical use of Cyclosporin A? SA 1. Name the blank spaces ‘a’,’b’,’c’, & ‘d’ from the table given below -: I, Ii, Type of microbe Fungus ‘c’ Scientific name ‘a’ Monascuspurpureus Product Cyclosporin A ‘d’ Medical application ‘b’ Lowers blood cholesterol 2. a. How does activated sludge get produced during sewage treatment? b. Explain how this sludge is used in biogas production? 3. What are nucleo poly hedroviruses ?describe their role 4. Describe the role of microbes in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Explain what are “flocs”? 5. Give the medical use of the following bioactive molecules : (a) Streptokinase. (b) Statins (c) Cyclosporin A 6. Write the scientific name & category of the organisms from which the following products are produced.(a)Statins (b)Butyric acid (c)streptokinase 7. Identify a, b, c and d in the table given below- S.No. 12- Organism Monascusperpureus c Bioactive molecule a Cyclosporin-A Use IV. BIOTECHNOLOGY Chapter 11 : Biotechnology : Principles and Processes VSA 1. 2. 3. 4. How has Agrobacterium tumefaciens been suitably modified to act as a cloning vector? Write the significance of insertional in activation Expand GEAC Name the compound used for staining the isolated DNA in the Gel Electrophoresis b d 5. Which DNA sequences would a Restriction enzyme Eco RI recognize and cut? SA 1. What was the need to develop selectable markers other than the antibiotic resistance markers? 2. Write the significance of insertional in activation. 3. Identify A and B in the following diagram and also explain its significance – 4. Identify and explain steps ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’ in the PCR diagram given below – 5. Name the following . (a) The micro organism in which the tumour inducing plasmid has been modified to use it as a non pathogenic vector. (b) The device which is used for bioconversion of substances. (c) The enzyme used to break open the plant cell 6. Give reasons for the following. (a) DNA cannot pass trough the cell membrane. (b)The cloning vector should have a selectable marker. (c) Single cloning / recognition site is preferred 7. In bacterial culture some of the colonies produced blue colour in presence of chromagenic substrate and some did not in the presence of or absence of an insert (rDNA ) in the coding sequence of galactosidase. a) Mention the mechanism and the steps involved in the above experiment. b) How is it advantageous over stimulating plating on two plates having different antibiotics? 8. a) What is Eco RI? What does ‘R’ represent in this? (b) Give the palindromic nucleotide sequence recognized by it. (c) Explain its action LA 1. Describe briefly the various processes of Recombinant DNA technology . Or Explain briefly the steps of PCR and mention the importance of Thermus aquaticus in this process. 2. what is rDNA technology ? with the help of suitable diagram show the steps of it 3. Explain DNA amplification by using PCR Chapter 12 : Biotechnology and its Applications VSA 1. Name the pests that Ladybird, Beetle and Dragonflies helps to get rid of. 2. What is Chimeric DNA SA 1. Mention one difference between the human insulin synthesized by Eli lilly company and the one produced by the human pancreas 2. Describe the responsibility of GEAC , set up by the Indian government. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What do you understand by GMO? Mention any two advantages of GMO’s. Name two diseases that can be treated by the biological compounds produced in transgenic animals Mention any three advantages of molecular diagnosis over conventional method How has biotechnology helped in improving life of Diabetic people? How genetically modified plants are useful? a) Give the scientific name of soil bacterium which produces crystal proteins. (b) How are these proteins useful in agriculture? (c)What do the differently written terms “Cry” and ‘cry’ represent respectively? 9. Describe the process involved in the production of nematode-resistant tobacco plants, using genetic engineering. Explain the strategy adopted to develop such plants. 10. Describe the various stages involved in gene transfer for the commercial production of human insulin by Eli Lilly LA 1. What is ADA deficiency syndrome ?name and explain the technique to cure it. 2. What are cry proteins? Name the organism that produce it. How has man exploited this protein for his benefit? Name the cry gene used for control of cotton bollworms and corn borer. V. ECOLOGY Chapter 13 : Organisms and Populations VSA 1. Which type of interaction is shown by orchids growing on a mango tree? 2. People living in higher altitudes have higher RBC count. Give reasons? 3. Name the type of interaction seen between whale and the barnacles growing on its back SA 1. Name the type of interaction seen in each of the following examples -: (i) Orchid growing on a branch of a Mango tree. (ii) Wasp pollinating Fig inflorescence. (iii) Ascaris worms living in the intestine of human. (iv) Disappearance of small Barnnacles when Balanus dominates on the coasts of Scotland 2. The following graphs represents the organismic response to certain environmental condition (eg. Temperature). (i) Which of these ‘a’ or ‘b’ depicts conformers? (ii) What does the other line in the graph depicts? (iii) How do these organisms differ from each other with reference to homeostasis? 3. Explain the competitive release phenomenon an intraction among population. 4. What kinds of adaptations found in the flora of Delhi? Write the four adaptations In plants of this climatic region. 5. How does organisms cope up with stressful external environmental conditions which are localized or short duration? 6. Comment on the given growth curve - 7. Explain in detail the competitive exclusion principle. 8. A person has developed allergic reactions like sneezing, watery eyes, running nose and difficulty in breathing. What could be the reason for these symptoms? How can it be controlled? Chapter 14 : Ecosystem VSA 1. Cite example of an inverted ecological pyramid. What kind of pyramid of energy would it have? 2. Name the dominant producers in a deep aquatic ecosystem. What other name could you give to a primary consumer SA 1. Due to uncontrolled excessive hunting the population of tigers in a forest becomes zero.Discuss the long term effects of this situation 2. Explain the energy flow model of an ecosystem. 3. What is meant by – a. Species Composition b. Stratification in an ecosystem 4.Write short notes on following – a. Interaction between Fig tree and wasp b. Gause’s Competitive Exclusion Principle c. Net Primary Productivity 5. Explain in detail the competitive exclusion principle. 6. Explain the carbon cycle. 7. Apart from plants and animals, microbes form a permanent biotic component in an ecosystem. While plants have been referred to as autotrophs and animals as heterotrophs, what are microbes referred to as? How do the microbes fulfill their energy requirements? LA 1. What is decomposition? Explain the steps of process of decomposition. What are the factors that affect the process of decomposition? 2. (a) Trace the succession of plants on dry rocks. (b) How does phosphorous cycle differ from carbon cycle? Chapter 15 : Biodiversity and Conservation VSA 1. Write the importance of cryopreservation in conservation of biodiversity 2. Give two examples of animals that have become extinct due to over exploitation. SA 1. Sometimes introduction of an exotic species upsets native species of the ecosystem. Substantiate the statement with 2 examples from india. 2. How does genetic biodiversity and species diversity are interrelated to each others? 3. The above graph shows species area relation ship .write the equation of the curve a and explain. 4. Explain as to how protection of Biodiversity Hot spots alone can reduce upto 30% of the current rate of species extinction. 5. Amazon forests are regarded are "Lungs of the Planet". Why? LA 1. What is ecological succession? Explain the different stages of hydrarch succession. How is it different from Xerarch succession? Why is secondary succession faster than Primary succession? Chapter 16 : Environmental Issues VSA 1. 2. 3. 4. Which metabolism is disturbed in birds due to harmful accumulation of DDT? What was its effect on birds? Define bio magnification. How does Eutrophication affect aquatic life? What information that health workers derived by measuring BOD of water body? 5. What is meant by snow blindness? 6. Name an industry which can cause air pollution, thermal pollution and eutrophication. SA 1. What is polyblend? Why did the plastic manufactures think of producing it? Write its usefulness. 2. (a) State the consequences of leakage from nuclear power plant . (b) Mention the safety measures for such incidents. 3. What are the two very serious inherent problems with the use of nuclear energy? 4. Name the phenomenon which is depicted by the following diagram. Explain it briefly. 5. 6. 7. 8. What is meant by algal blooms? & Name the worlds most problematic aquatic weed. How does a catalytic converter work in an automobile? Mention any four advantages of organic farming. Explain the cause of algal bloom in a water body. How does it affect an ecosystem? LA 1.During her tour to a renowned forest, Sakshi saw a highway being constructed which Passes through middle of the forest. She was unhappy. On return she contacted the local eco club and approached the concerned department to stop the work a)What value did Sakshi reflect here? b)What would be effect on Biodiversity, if highway is constructed?