UNIT I DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD Chapter 1: The Living World VSA 1. The common name of rice is simpler than its scientific name Oryza sativa. What then is the advantage of a scientific name? 2. In the five kingdom system of Whittaker how many kingdoms are eukaryotes? 3. Expand ICBN. SA 1. The common name of rice is simpler than its scientific name Oryza sativa. What then is the advantage of a scientific name? 2. Define the following terms with suitable examples of a plant and an animal: a. Phylum b. Class c. Family 3. What are the general rules for nomenclature? Chapter 2: Biological Classification VSA 1. Give the name of two members of ascomycetes, which are considered delicacies SA 1. How are viroids different from viruses? 2. What are the phycobiont and mycobiont? 3. Give the names of four classes of kingdom fungi. Which the types of mycelia present in them. Give one example of each class 4. How are viruses different from viroids? Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom VSA 1. Plants are autotrophic. Name two plants that are partially heterotrophic. 2. In which gymnosperm plants will you look for mycorrhiza and corolloid roots? SA 1. Algae are useful to man in a variety of ways. Substantiate the statement with at least six points. 2. Draw the labeled diagram of Funaria plant showing sporophyte and gametophyte. 3. Red algae is found at greater depths in oceans where no other plant can exist. What makes the red algae to survive at such depths 4. Explain the haplontic and diplontic life cycles by giving examples. 5. a) Name two groups of plants that bear archegonia. b) What do you mean by gemmae in liverworts? c) What is the ploidy of sporophytes? LA 1. Differenciate between a.Gram positive and gram negative b.Moss and fern c.Gymnosperm and angiosperm 2+1 +2 2. Write the double fertilization in Angiosperm 3. Spirogyra and chlamydomonas show haplontic life cycle. Justify 4. Differentiate between vegetative and reproductive bud. What can be the two positions of reproductive buds in plants? 5. What is alternation of generation? Diagramatically show the process with an example 6. How is the division algae can be classified into three classes on the basis of their pigments, flagella and stored food? Chapter 4 : Animal Kingdom VSA 1. Give the role of lenticels 2. Why do cartilaginous fishes have to swim constantly? SA 1. Write the importance of air bladder in Pisces 2. Platyhelminthes are mostly endoparasites of animals. What are the peculiar features found in parasitic platyhelminthes ? ( any four features) ½ x4=2 3. Differenciate between schizo ceolomate and enteroceolomate. 4. Identify the following animal and give the zoological name and phylum of this animal. Give two unique feature of the phylum it belongs to. 5. Cnidarians exhibit 2 basic body forms called polyp and medusae. Enlist two differences between them 6. Complete the following table Phylum/Class Excretory organ Arthropoda Proboscis gland Nephridia Circulatory organ Respiratory organ open Book lungs/gills/tracheal system gills Closed Skin/Parapodia 7. Platyhelminthes are mostly endoparasites of animals. What are the peculiar features found in parasitic platyhelminthes ? ( any four features) 8. Cnidarians exhibit 2 basic body forms called polyp and medusae. Enlist two differences between them 9. What is coelom? On the basis of coelom classify the organisms with examples. 10.Jelly fish and silver fish are not true fishes. Justify. Give some examples of true fishes 11.Name the phylum to which following animals are relatedA. Sycon B. Nereis C. Octopus D. Balanoglossus LA 1. Comment upon the habitats and external features of animals belonging to class amphibian and reptilian.. 2.5+2.5 2. .Ayush was playing cricket in the ground with his friends. One of his friend who was standing near the boundary felt something climbing upon his feet. Subsequently he started crying in pain. Ayush being class nine student identified the climbing creature as leech and helped removing the leech. · Name the phylum to which leech belongs. · Write two identifying features of the phylum. · Enlist two values shown by Ayush to leave the field. UNIT II STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants VSA 1. What is the condition called when stamens are attached to the petals? 2. What is vexillary aestivation? 3. Provide a term to radially symmetrical flowers. SA 1. The mode of arrangements of sepals or petals in a floral bud is known as aestivation. Draw the types of aestivation in china rose and calotropis flowers. 2. Draw L.S. monocot seed and label the following parts : endosperm, plumule and radical. 3. What is venation? Write mainly two types of venation in plants with example. 4. Draw a neat labeled diagram of vertical section of maize seed. 5. Describe the structure of Stomata with labeled diagram. 6. Draw a well-labelled diagram to show the structure of a monocotyledonous seed. 7. Give the floral diagram of solanum nigrum (makoi) plant. 8. Explain the term Vexillary aestivation with example and diagram. 9. What is floral formula? Write the floral formula of an actinomorphic, bisexual, Hypogynous flower with five united sepals, five free petals, five free stamens and two united carpels with superior ovary and axile placentation. 10.Draw the floral diagram of family Lilaceae. Write its floral formula 11.Write the floral formula of an actinomorphic, bisexual,hypogynous flower with 5 united sepals, 5 free petals, 5 free stamens and 2 united carpels with superior ovary and axile placentation. LA 1. Explain the following terms with respect to the morphology of flowering plants: A. Actinomorphic B. Valvate aestivation C. Syncarpus ovary D. Axile placentation E. Opposite phyllotaxy Chapter 6 : Anatomy of Flowering Plants SA 1. In the absence of nucleus how are the functions of a sieve tube maintained? 2. You have a permanent slide of T. S. of stem. What features shown under compound microscope would help you to identify it as monocot or dicot stem? 3. What are annual rings? How it is formed in plants? 4. Answer the following questions with reference to anatomy of dicot stems: a) Where cambium cells are located? b) What is the name given to such a bundle? c) What type of cells constitutes the pith? 5. The T.S. of a plant shows following anatomical features: the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by sclerenchymatous bundle sheath. (a)What will you identify it as? (b) What is an endarch vascular bundle? LA 1. Describe the steps of secondary growth in dicot stem with diagram 2. Describe the structure if Dicot stem with labeled diagram. 3. Name the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system 4. Write 3 differences between anatomy of dicot root and monocot root What is secondary growth of plants? How the secondary vascular tissues are formed in the stem during the process ? Explain with the help of diagrams. 1+2+2=5 5. What is secondary growth of plants? How the secondary vascular tissues are formed in the stem during the process ? Explain with the help of diagrams. 1+2+2=5 6. Explain the tissue systems in plants based on their structure and function. 7. Explain the process of secondary growth in dicot stems Chapter 7 :Structural Organisation in Animals VSA 1. What are tendons? 2. How is the gizzard in the alimentary canal of a cockroach suitable for grinding food? SA 1. Write two differences between tendon and ligament? 2. (a) Which tissue is called fat depot of our body? (b) Name the tissue that connects muscles to bones 3. Make labeled diagram alimentary canal of earthworm. 4. Differentiate skeletal,smooth and cardiac muscles. 5. Blood is a fluid connective tissue. Answer the following questions based on composition and functions of human bloodA. Name the three cell types present in blood. B. What do you call the matrix of blood? C. Which cell is responsible for the clotting of blood during injury? 6. mention the role performed by each of the following in cockroachA. Malpighian tubules B. Gizzard c. Antennae 7. Draw a diagram of alimentary canal of cockroach and label gizzard, salivary gland, crop and hepatic caecae LA 1. (a) Name the organism that is called ‘farmer’s friend’ . Why is it called so? (b) What are the chief excretory organs in earthworm? Classify them on the basis of their location. (c) Earthworms are hermaphrodite but self-fertilisation never occurs in them. Why? (d) Name the structure in the alimentary tract of earthworm which increases the absorptive surface area. 1+2+1+1=5 2. Describe the various types of epithelial tissues with the help of suitable diagrams. 3. Describe cockroach male and female reproductive system and how fertilization occur. UNIT III CELL : STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS Chapter 8 : Cell : The Unit of Life VSA 1. What do you mean by the following statement ‘Omnis cellulla-e cellula’ ? SA 1. What is the major function of SER in animal cell? 2. What cell theory is as understood today. 3. What are lysosomes? Write their functions. 4. What are leucoplasts? Explain their role in plant cell. 5. Write one function of a) lysosome b) Vacuoles c) Endoplasmic reticulum d) Golgi bodies 6. Apart from nucleus, name other the two cell organelles which contain their own genetic material. (b) State two characteristics of these 2 organelles LA 1. what are the different types of chromosomes depending on the position of the centromere? B. when do the following events takes placeI) Homologous chromosomes get paired II) Crossing over between two homologous chromosomes 2. Write the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane with labeled diagram. 3. Describe the structure of chloroplast with labeled diagram 4. Explain with diagrams the types of chromosomes based on the position of centromere. 5. Describe the structure of a chloroplast with a well labelled diagram? 6. Describe the structure of mitochondria with a well labelled diagram? 7. The detailed structure of the cell membrane was studied only after the advent of the electron microscope in the 1950s. Answer the following questions regarding the structure of cell membraneA. Who proposed the Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane? B. Name the lipid component of the membrane it mainly consists of. C. What are the major types of membrane proteins depending on the ease of extraction? 8. Plasma membrane is quasifluid in nature. Which model explains this nature of membrane? Who proposed the model? Explain the model with diagram. 1+1+3=5 9. With the help of labeled diagram describe the fluid Mosaic model of plasma membrane. 2+3 Chapter 9 : Biomolecules VSA 1. What will happen to an enzyme if it is heated to 800 C ? Give one difference between acrocentric and telocentric chromosomes, 3. A plant cell when kept in a certain solution got plasmolysed. What was the nature of this solution ? 4. Name two cell organelles which have their own genetic material? 5. 2. 6. SA 1. 2. 3. 4. Write the role of co factors in enzyme. What is inulin? Is it a homopolymer or heteropolymer What is peptide bond? How it is formed? Explain the composition of a triglyceride 5. What is the difference between a nucleotide and nucleoside? Give one example of each. LA 1. Briefly explain the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of a protein. 2. Study the graph related to enzyme activity shown below and answer the followings A. Identify ‘a’ and ‘b’ in the pitcher B. What do you mean by transition state? C. Graphically represent the effect of increasing substrate concentration on enzyme activity. 3. Write the step of enzyme of action. 4. Discuss the factors that affect the enzyme activity. 5. Illustrate different nature of bonds linking monomers to make polymer in case of polysaccharides and proteins. 6. The enzymes alter the rate of a reaction. Give reason. With the help of a graph, compare the rate of an enzymatic reaction with a non-enzymatic reaction. 7. How is peptide bond formed? Show its formation with the help of an illustration (a) Name the most abundant protein in biosphere. (b) What is the difference between the composition of chitin and cellulose? (c) Which property of competitive inhibitor inhibits an enzymecatalysed biochemical reaction? (d) Mieosis I results in formation of 2 haploid daughter cells. What is the need of meiosis II, when haploidy is achieved at the completion of meiosis I during gamete formation.? 1+1+1+2=5 8. Describe the structure of DNA with diagrams and bands 9. Explain the mechanism of enzyme action. Chapter 10 : Cell Cycle and Cell Division VSA 1. What are G1 and Go phases of cell cycle. SA 1. What is the difference between metaphase of mitosis and metaphase I of meiosis? 2. The following events occur during the various phases of the cell cycle, Name the phase against each of the events. a. Disintegration of nuclear membrane ___________________ b. Appearance of nucleolus ____________________ c. Division of centromere __________________ d. Replication of DNA _________________ 3. LA 1. Fill up the gaps A.B,C and D of events occuring during Prophase-I Leptotene loose Chromatin material is present in the form of threads. ___A_____ formed. Pachytene ____C____ Separation of Bivalents and synaptonemal complex are ________B__________ dissolution of synaptonemal complex. recombined homologous chromosomes. Diakinesis ________D________ 2. a) Why can cytokinesis not occur in plant cell the same way as it occurs in animal cells? b) How is it accomplished in a plant cell? 3. a.)Describe the events takes place in a cell during interphase. b.)Why is mitosis called as equational division? c.)What is the significance of meiosis? 4. Diagrammatically explain the various stages of mitotic cell division in animal cell. How does cytokinesis in an animal cell differ from the plant cell 5. Describe the mechanism of Mitosis with labeled diagram. 6. With the help of labeled diagrams describe the process of Mitosis in animal cells 7. I) Give three points of difference between mitosis and meiosis ii) How do cytokinesis in plant and animal cell differ? 8. i) Write briefly the significance of mitosis and meiosis in multicellular organism. ii) Name the three sub stages of interphase and enumerate the events in each of them UNIT IV PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 11 : Transport in Plants VSA 1. What happen when cell placed in hypertonic solution? 2. A plant cell when kept in a certain solution gets plasmolysed. What was the nature of the solution 3. What will happen to water potential when solutes are added? 4. Apoplastic pathway of water is blocked beyond endodermis. Name the structure responsible for this blockage and what is its chemical nature? 5. A plant cell when kept in a certain solution got plasmolysed. What was the nature of this solution ? SA 1. Explain transpiration pull theory in respect of ascent of sap? 2. RuBisCo carries on a dual role as carboxylase as well as oxygenase. Explain both the reactions 3. Apoplastic pathway of water is blocked beyond endodermis. Name the structure responsible for this blockage and what is its chemical nature? 4. Explain symplastic and apoplastic pathways of water movement in plants LA 1. Write the Transpiration pull to explain to transport of water in long plants. 2. Complete the flow chart for cyclic photophosphorylation of the photosystem-I. What is the possible location where this could be happening in chloroplast? What is the condition of light at which cyclic photophosphorylation occurs. Electron transport system 3. Despite the absence of a heart or circular system in plants, the water is transported to tips of trees as tall as 100 feet. Briefly describe the driving force involved in the process 4. A.) How can you revert a freshly plasmolysed cell to its original state? B.) Movement of water from symplastic pathway is slower than apoplastic pathway. Justify. C.)Water droplets appear near the tips of grass blades in the early morning. Why? Chapter 12 : Mineral Nutrition VSA 1. What is the role of leg hemoglobin in root nodules? 2. Differentiate between macronutrients and micronutrients 3. A farmer adds Azotobacter culture to the soil before sowing maize. How does it increase yield of maize? SA 1. Write the step of formation of nodules in legume plant with diagram. 2. farmer adds Azotobacter culture to the soil before sowing maize. How does it increase yield of maize? 3. All elements that are present in a plant need not be essential to its survival. What are the criteria for the essentiality of an element for a plant? 4. Why is that in certain plants deficiency symptoms appear first in younger parts of the plant while in others they do so in mature organs? 5. Name the respective mineral nutrient element of plants, that i) Is needed in the synthesis of auxin ii)Is a constituent of ferredoxin iii) Forms the core constituent of the ring structure of chlorophyll iv)Forms the component of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase LA 1. Give the step of Nitrogen cycle with diagrammatic representation 2. (a) Describe the process of progressive reduction of one molecule of nitrogen during nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants. (b) Name the oxygen scavenger molecule present in root nodules. 4+1=5 3. .(a) Describe the process of progressive reduction of one molecule of nitrogen during nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants. (b) Name the oxygen scavenger molecule present in root nodules. 4. During a field-trip some students visited an agricultural farm and saw a few birds eating earthworms. They enjoyed the scene and then they also started picking and killing the earthworms for pleasure. The farmer strongly objected and asked them · What could be the reason behind such a behavior of the farmer? · What values do you find missing in the student's behavior? · Which phylum do earthworm belong to? · Write two identifying features of earthworm. 5. Represent schematically the nitrogen cycle.Name the organisms involved in this cycle 6. Describe process of development of root nodules in a leguminous plant. Name the oxygen scavenger molecule present in the root nodules. Chapter 13 : Photosynthesis in Higher Plants VSA 1. Name the primary acceptor of carbon dioxide in C4 plants? SA 1. What is Kranz anatomy? Name two plants having this anatomy 2. Enlist 3 points of differences between cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. 3. How a proton gradient is created within a chloroplast across the thylakoid membrane? 4. Write any three differences between C-3 and C-4 plants. 5. What is law of limiting factors? Explain in photosynthesis 6. Give the outline of Z scheme of light reaction. LA 7. Describe the C4 cycle and write how it overcome Photorespiration .Make outline diagram. Chapter 14 : Respiration in Plants LA 1. Explain the process of development of root nodules in soyabean plant. 2. Define respiratory quotient. Calculate the value of RQ for given metabolic process- 1. What are the chemical changes in pyruvic acid molecule before it enters Kreb’s cycle? 2. Give the schematic representation of glycolysis. Where does it occur? 4+1=5 3. i. Schematically represent the Calvin-Benson cycle Or C-3 cycle of photosynthesis. ii. Where these events do takes place in the chloroplast? iii. Name the end products of light reaction in photosynthesis. 4. i. Schematically represent the Kreb’s cycle for respiration. ii. Mention the site in the mitochondria where these events occur iii. Name the final or terminal electron acceptor in respiration. 5. Write the steps Glycolysis and its end products.