Fortellerteori
MEVIT 2700 Medietekster: teori og analyse
Sklovskij og Tomasjevskij (1925): Fabel og sujett
Benveniste (1966): Histoire og discours (story og discourse)
Todorov (1966): Histoire og discours (story og discourse)
Genette (1972): Histoire og narratif (story og narrative)
Chatman (1978): Story og discourse
Bordwell, Staiger and Thompson (1979): Story og plot
utgangspunkt: lingvistikk
1. Fortellingens språk
2. Funksjoner
3. Handlinger
4. Fortellehandlingen
5. Fortellingens system
Roland Barthes 1915-1980
Fortellehandling
Abstrakte handlinger
Funksjoner
Roland Barthes 1915-1980
Barthes writes in a tradition where he first launches a term,
and then divides it into smaller terms. Functions
Indices
what happens, the chains of events
descriptions of the storyworld
distributive, they fill the story out in time
integrative, they make the story coherent
Cardinal functions
Catalysers
Indices proper
Informants
the events with
"Filler" events that
information about
informantion
important
do not have
characters
locating the story in
consequenses for
consequences for
the story. Causal
later actions.
time and place
First he says that everything in a narrative are functions (p. 89
in the 1977 Heath edition). Later, he states
that "distributional" functions "correspond to what Propp […]
take as functions […]. The term 'functions' will be reserved
for these units […]" (92). These functions are what happens,
the elements of the action, which he divides into "cardinal
functions" (a.ka. "nuclei") and "catalysts". Functions are distributive. They are chains of causes or
actions happening over time. They "distribute" the actions
over time.
Indices are integrative, as they describe what does not
change over time, such as characters, place, or epoch
("middle age", "Oslo, 1990ies", "Mines of Moria").
functions.
Functions and indices are the first level of description. Th
second level of descriptions are the abstract actions. They
Kildehenvisning her
Diskurs
Funksjon
Indeks
Kjernefunksjon Katalyse
Informasjon
Egentlig
indeks
Fortellehandling
Abstrakte handlinger
Funksjoner
Roland Barthes 1915-1980
“
“
the opening situation of equilibrium;
the degradation of the situation
through the kidnapping of the boy;
the state of disequilibrium observed
by the little girl;
the search for and recovery of the
boy;
the reestablishment of the initial
equilibrium—the return home.
Tzvetan Todorov 1939–
The Two Principles of Narrative". 1971. In Genres In Discourse. Overs. Catherine Porter.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. s.29.
(Kommunikasjonsaksen)
Giver
Objekt
Mottaker
(Prosjektaksen)
Hjelper
Subjekt
Motstander
(Konfliktaksen)
Algirdas Julien Greimas. Sémantique Structurale. 1966
Kildehenvisning her
Barthes writes in a tradition
where he first launches a
term, and then divides it into
smaller terms. Fortellehandling
Abstrakte handlinger
Funksjoner
Roland Barthes 1915-1980
Roland Barthes: S/Z
Hermeneutisk kode (spennng)
Referentiell kode (realisme)
Semantisk kode (konnotasjoner)
Proairetisk kode (handlinger)
Symbolsk kode (underliggende
mytisk materiale)
Barthes, Roland. S/Z. 1970. Trans. Richard Miller. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
First he says that everything in
a narrative are functions (p. 89
in the 1977 Heath edition).
Later, he states
that "distributional" functions
"correspond to what Propp […]