Proceedings of the National Workshop on Immunophysiology: Role of Immune Cells and Cytokines in Immunity (23-24th March, 2015) Inaugural Ceremony of National Workshop entitled “Immunophysiology: Role of Immune Cells and Cytokines in Immunity” was held on 23rd March, 2015 at the PINACI Conference Hall, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India. After welcoming all the dignitaries and the delegates, ceremonial lighting of the lamp was done by Dr. M.L. Madan, Chief Guest, Dr. A.K. Srivastava, Director and Vice Chancellor, NDRI, Dr. Usha Panjwani, Scientist, DIPAS, Dr. O.K. Hooda, Principal Scientist and Head, Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, Dr. A.K. Dang, Organising Secretary and Dr. A.K. Mohanty, Co-Organising Secretary. This was followed by Saraswati Vandana. Introduction and importance of the workshop was given by Dr. A. K. Dang. He welcomed all the delegates and spoke about the importance of immunology, its history, its development over the years and future use. This was followed by introduction of the faculty and 25 delegates who had come from all parts of the country to attend this workshop. Inaugural address was given by Dr. M.L. Madan, Former Vice-Chancellor, PDKV, Akola & PDDUVU, Mathura. Dr. Madan told about the need for understanding of the immune system and its importance in disease. He emphasized on how the immune system identifies specific foreign agents, contains and attacks them. He added that immune system must recognize harmful organisms and timely reject them from the body in order to remain healthy. In the absence of a working immune system, even minor infections can take hold and prove fatal. He concluded that in future genetic engineering of immune cells will replace multiple drugs and reduce the sufferings of humans and animals. Presidential address was delivered by Dr. A.K. Srivastava, Director & Vice Chancellor, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. His talk covered the health and economic burden caused by various infectious and inflammatory diseases and the role of the immune system in preventing or perpetuating these conditions in animals. He added that there should be an increased awareness and knowledge of autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases in humans. He also said that role of immune system should be discussed at bigger platforms and probably this was the beginning of the story. Day two started with a presentation from Dr. Praffula Kumar Tailor from National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi. He spoke on Dendritic cell development and innate immune functions. The second talk was delivered by Dr. K.P. Mishra, DIPAS on Protein disulphide isomerase mediated dengue virus infection in human macrophages. This was followed by practical sessions on isolation of blood and milk cells and examination of in vitro phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferation assay in the afternoon. Students were also taught the technique to develop an ELISA for blood leucocytes. On the second day of the workshop a talk on Regulatory T cell: Recent player in defense game was delivered by Dr. Tapas Goswami, Principal Scientist from Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly. Dr. Ritu Agarwal, invited from Post Graduate Institute, Chandigarh delivered a lecture on Toll like receptors and cervical cancer. A talk on the Anti-immunosenescence potential of probiotics during aging was given by Dr. Rajeev Kapila, NDRI. This was followed by practical sessions on Cytokines expression profiling of buffalo monocytes which was delivered by Dr. S. De. Proteomics of blood cells and mass spectroscopy was demonstrated by Dr. A.K. Mohanty, Principal Biotechnology Division during the afternoon session. Dr. Shashi Bala Singh, President FIPS and Director DIPAS was the Chief guest of the Valedictory function on 24th March, 2015. She welcomed all the young delegates and highlighted about the role played by FIPS in coordinating with various physiological societies in India and abroad. She gave a wide overview of the immune system. In her message she said that gaining a better insight into the workings of the immune response should enable more efficient targeting of therapies. A compendium of invited talks and practical manual was released by the Chief Guest, Dr. Shashi Bala Singh, Dr. A.K. Srivastava, Director and Vice Chancellor, NDRI, and Joint Director Research, NDRI, Dr. R.K. Malik. Feedback was taken and participation certificates were distributed to all the delegates In the end it was concluded that the field of immunology has grown, strengthened its roots and spread its branches to connect all organs, tissues and systems in the body. But still there is a need to improve our current knowledge and understanding of key aspects of immune function and microbial interactions with the host. With technical advances in genomics, proteomics, and systems biology, better analytical techniques and state of the art laboratories, future of immunology looks promising.