Ufficio:
Global Corporate & Commercial Italia
Underwriting - Aviation
Nazione:
Italia
I profili di responsabilità legati alle
nuove tecnologie
La responsabilità civile dell’aeromobile a pilotaggio remoto:
alcuni aspetti assicurativi tra criticità e nuove opportunità
Andrea Lanzaro
© Generali Italia S.p.A.
Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
2
Remotely Piloted Aircraft System Components
As a minimum, a typical RPAS is composed of:
Aerial Vehicle (aircraft)
Payload(s)
Data Link Systems
Control Station (Ground Control Station + Launch & Recovery System)
© Generali Italia S.p.A.
Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
3
Insurance
AVIATION
• Remotely Piloted Aircraft TP Liability (including War and Terrorism)
• Aviation Product Legal Liability
• Aircraft Hull A.R. / W.R.
• Spare Parts
• Pilot Loss of Licence
• Personal Accident (?)
AND... “NOT AVIATION”
• Property / Transit
• Model Aircraft TP Liability
© Generali Italia S.p.A.
Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
4
Insurance
Third Party Liability
Covers liability to third parties arising out of a loss event causing
bodily injury and/or property damage to third parties as a
consequence of RPAS failure.*
Physical loss or damage to RPAS
Physical loss or damage to RPAS (airframe, payload) whilst in
use/operation/testing
Spare Parts
Physical loss or damage to Spares (parts not attached to the RPAS)
* Cyber Liability, privacy and data implications are not covered
© Generali Italia S.p.A.
Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
under the AVN policy
5
Insured
RPAS Operators
RPAS Operator’s clients
RPAS Manufacturers
RPAS Distributors
Maintenance Operators
RPAS Pilots
© Generali Italia S.p.A.
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
6
Risk Assessment - 1
Certifications, Registrations and Authorisations (RPA, Operator, Pilot)
MTOM – airframe and payload
RPAS type and model
Use and operating environment
Mode and area of operation (controlled, restricted or segregated airspace)
Flight profile / hours
Safety systems
Pilot’s experience and Licence
Loss history
Legal framework (liability, contract, air navigation)
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Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
7
Risk Assessment - 2
RPA TYPE
Make & Model
Fixed Wing or Rotor Wing
Fleet Total Time
Number of Air Vehicles per GCS
Maximum Take Off Mass (MTOM)
Wingspan or Rotor Diameter
Maximum Operating Altitude
© Generali Italia S.p.A.
Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
8
Risk Assessment
Maximum Range
Maximum Endurance
Single Engine or Multi Engine
Engine type
Automatic deployment of any recovery parachute in case of
malfunction during the flight
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Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
9
Risk Assessment – 3
Operating Environment
Operations
Segregated / Not Segregated
Specialised / Non Specialised
(remunerated or not)
Congested / Not Congested
Critical / Non critical
Urban / Semi-Urban
Civil / Government / Military
Industrial / Rural
Non-hazardous / Hazardous
Archaeological
Coastal (inshore) / Maritime (offshore)
Mixed
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
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Risk Assessment - 4
USE (an extremely versatile, flexible and cheap tool)
“Aerial Work” (Video, photo, data collection, “drone journalism”, etc…)
Scientific research (environmental, atmospheric and meteorological sensing)
Agricultural (e.g. crop/forest survey, monitoring, spray etc.)
Law enforcement (e.g. border patrol, peacekeeping, crowd control etc.)
Disaster/emergency monitoring (e.g. fire/hazard survey)
Maritime / coastal surveillance (homeland security)
Telecommunications / satellite relay / digital divide
Utilities inspection (e.g. powerline monitoring)
And many others .................
© Generali Italia S.p.A.
Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
11
Risk Assessment - 5
PAYLOAD
Make & Model
Simultaneously on Board and Function Value(s)
Hazardous materials or components (e.g. chemical or radioactive)
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Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
12
Risk Assessment - 6
LAUNCH & RECOVERY
Take-off (area, conventional undercarriage, launch rail, rocket assisted)
Recover/land (area, parachute, conventional landing on undercarriage)
Manoeuvres fully autonomous or external pilot?
GCS MANAGEMENT & OPERATORS
Number of operators per GCS
Qualification of Operators (“Commander” and “Pilot(s)”)
Total RPAS type hours
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Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
13
Loss & Claims Handling
• Analysis of legal framework / liability
• Hold Harmless Agreements and Waiver of Subrogation
• Operator / Client responsibilities agreements
• ATC (integration of RPA’s within non – segregated airspace and within the
Air Traffic Control System)
• Value Assessment
• Accident Investigation / Survey
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Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
14
Liability scenario
C.A.A. and Air Traffic Control
Datalink
(Cyber liability)
Manufacturer
Pilot in command
Operator / Owner /
(and Client)
Airport / landowner
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Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
15
Insurance / Liability
ENAC Regulation “Remotely Piloted Aerial Vehicles”
Insurance
General Provisions for RPAS Art. 20: “A RPAS cannot be operated without
valid, adequate third party insurance, not less than the minimum insurance
coverage of the table in Article 7 of Reg. (EC) No 785/2004”
Liability
• Operator
• Pilot Art. 17 : “Pursuant to the Code of Navigation, the pilot of the RPAS is
responsible for the safe operation of the flight”
• Client Art. 6: “ ..in case of specialised operations carried out for third parties,
an agreement must be signed between the RPAS operator and the client by
which the parties define their respective responsibilities and agree on the
suitability of RPAS for the planned operations...”
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Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
16
Some insurance consequences
Not easy Risk Assessment / Risk quotation
Higher Hull Rates
Higher Hull Deductibles / Liability Deductibles
Hull Deductibles applicable also to Total Loss
Higher liability premium
Difficult and expensive claims handling
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Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
17
QUESTIONS ?
THANK YOU !
© Generali Italia S.p.A.
Città
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014