Process & Energy Realising significant scientific impact 1 2 Contents 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Delft University of Technology Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE) Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems (IRS) Energy Technology (ET) Fluid Mechanics (FM) Engineering Thermodynamics (ETH) Living and working in Delft 3 Delft University of Technology 4 Overview • The European Leuven Network: consisting of a TU Delft, founded in 1842 by King William II, is limited number of prominent European technical the oldest and largest University of Technology universities who work together in permanent in The Netherlands, offering 15 bachelor and 33 education and research partnerships. masters programmes to over 19,000 bachelor, master and PhD students, 16 per cent of whom For more information on University collaborations are international students. The University in Europe and the rest of the world please visit: comprises 3,380 academic staff of whom 437 are www.tudelft.nl/en/current/collaboration-between- professors, and in 2014 it was ranked 42nd in the universities The World University rankings and was 95th in the 2013 QS World University rankings. TU Delft Collaboration is an essential aspect of the is a multifaceted institution offering education University’s approach and helps the faculties to and carrying out research in technical sciences build on the foundations of the University’s strong at an internationally recognised level. Education, identity and reputation. TU Delft aims to be a research and design are strongly oriented towards breeding ground for the cutting-edge technological applicability. TU Delft develops technologies for scientific developments that will meet the great future generations, focusing on sustainability, societal challenges of our age. safety and economic vitality. At TU Delft you will The University comprises eight faculties, namely: work in an environment where technical sciences • Aerospace Engineering; and society converge. TU Delft comprises • Applied Sciences; eight faculties within which there are exclusive • Architecture and the Built Environment; laboratories, research institutes and departments. • Civil Engineering and Geosciences; TU Delft cooperates with many other educational • Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and and research institutions, both in The Netherlands Computer Science; and abroad, enjoying numerous contacts with • Industrial Design Engineering; governments, trade associations, consultancies, • Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering; industry and small and medium- sized companies. • Technology, Policy and Management. Notable partners include: •3 TU Federation: combining the strength of the The Department of Process & Energy sits within three technical universities in The Netherlands; the Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials TU Delft, University of Twente and TU Eindhoven; Engineering (3mE). • The IDEA League: partnering ETH Zurich, Aachen and Chalmers; 5 Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE) 6 Overview Delft PhD programme provides a coherent and The Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and integrated curriculum of scholarly and doctoral Materials Engineering (3mE) currently comprises education for excellent students. The 3mE six departments, four of which (Precision and Graduate School programme aims to support the Microsystems Engineering, Process and Energy, development of scholarly knowledge, personal BioMechanical Engineering and Maritime and generic competencies and prospective professional Transport Technology) are directly linked to practice development for future academic and non- and to the strengths of the industrial economy, academic career paths. both today and in the future. The two remaining departments (Delft Centre for Systems & Control, The faculty aims to educate dedicated engineers and Materials Science and Engineering) are and PhD graduates and conducts breakthrough primarily concerned with fundamental research and scientific research in the fields of mechanical the development of their respective disciplines. The engineering, maritime engineering and materials faculty’s educational activities revolve around three science. The faculty aspires to being an excellent BSc programmes, each of which offers a choice of example of a dynamic and innovative faculty that minor subjects geared towards three distinct types pursues a leading position in Europe and makes a of engineer: specialist/researcher; designer and direct contribution to the economy and society. technical manager or entrepreneur. For more information on 3mE please visit: www.3me.tudelft.nl/en The BSc programmes can be followed by any one of six highly challenging MSc programmes based on established fields of research. The TU 7 Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems (IRS) 8 Overview electric fields, plasma, light or acoustic fields) The IRS Group is internationally recognized as the account for a significant part of our research. world leader in the field of Process Intensification, “Perfect chemical reactors” are studied under due both to its research activities and its trend- the ERC Advanced Investigator Grant of Prof. setting publications, including the world’s first Stankiewicz, whereby molecular orientation and book in the field that was recently translated activation are locally controlled by means of electric into Chinese. The IRS Chair is the founder of or electromagnetic (laser, microwave, light) fields. the European Process Intensification Centre In another project granted by the Bill and Melinda (EUROPIC, www.europic- centre.eu), currently Gates Foundation, waste biomass is converted comprising twenty leading chemical companies tar-free to pure synthesis gas in an innovative from Europe, USA and China. microwave plasma reactor. An important element of the IRS Group’s activities is the application of The main objective of our research is the fundamental concepts of process intensification for development of fundamentally new concepts improved control of the crystallization processes. of “perfect” chemical reactors and separation Fundamental control of crystal nucleation through systems. We develop new methods and related molecular association processes, templates and equipment to influence and control molecular alternative energies are investigated. Controlled interactions (orientation, forces and energies) crystallization under the influence of external fields in systems in which such interaction plays an such as plasma, electric fields, laser light and important role, such as reactions, distillation or ultrasound is also studied. crystallization. The research involves a combination of experimental and modelling work and spans all The research profile of the IRS Group, which relevant length scales, from molecule to process focuses on intensified equipment with molecular- plant. level control using alternative forms of energy, is unique on the international scale. The expertise Intensification of and improved molecular control in the field of applied crystallization is also unique of chemical reactions and separations by means within the Netherlands. of alternative energy forms (such as microwaves, 9 Energy Technology (ET) 10 Overview PhD and postdocs, develops new technologies One of the big problems that society will face in for power generation based on renewable the coming decades is the provision of a clean, energy sources such as biomass and synthetic sustainable and reliable energy supply for the ever- fuels. Examples are highly efficient supercritical growing world population. Future energy supply power cycles with CO2 as working fluid, biomass will probably be based on a mix of several energy gasification, and high temperature fuel cells, which sources, such as solar, wind, biomass, fossil and can be used to generate power from fuel and fuel nuclear power. Due to the inherent intermittency from power (reversible fuel cells). A large part of of clean power generating technologies such as the research is performed with the help of state- solar and wind, there will be a growing need for of-the-art large-scale experimental facilities, such large-scale energy storage technologies. The only as a 100 kW gasifier and a fuel cell laboratory. In realistic option for large-scale energy storage will addition to the experimental work, a substantial be in the form of chemicals (synthetic fuels). amount of computational work is performed by The energy technology group, consisting of five the group on flow, turbulence and turbulent heat permanent staff members and approximately 20 transfer. 11 Fluid Mechanics (FM) 12 Overview Experimental and computational studies are made The Fluid Mechanics section at Delft University of of systems at different scales, from lab scale to Technology was founded by professor J.M. Burgers industrial scale. Detailed investigations are made in 1918, as one of the first chairs in the World to using laser diagnostic techniques (such as particle be dedicated to this field. For almost a century, the image velocimetry, laser-induced fluorescence, laboratory has pioneered applied and fundamental and spectroscopic methods) and using advanced fluid mechanics and has gained international computational models, such as large-eddy recognition in the fields of turbulence and simulation and direct numerical simulation. The experimental fluid mechanics. At present, the staff programme responds to a substantial movement of the section consists of two full-time professors, within society and industry, towards, for example, Prof. Jerry Westerweel and Prof. Dirk Roekaerts; more environmentally friendly combustion a part-time professor, Ruud Henkes, two associate processes avoiding the formation of NOx and professors and five assistant professors. Their particulates (soot) in industrial combustion research and teaching covers a wide range systems (furnaces, gas turbines and engines), of areas in fluid mechanics: e.g. microfluidics, and for the development of energy efficient multiphase flows, heat transfer, turbulence, processes (e.g., through drag reduction). The cardiovascular flow, combustion, measurement activities in microfluidic flows concentrate on and simulation techniques. This work is performed the investigation of small-scale cardiovascular together with about 20 PhD candidates. flows, flow geometries with complex boundary The research is aimed at fundamental aspects conditions (such as micro flagella), and micro-scale of flows, but always with a clear connection to multiphase flows. a practical application or process in industry. 13 Engineering Thermodynamics (ETH) 14 Overview understanding of the relationship between It is a major challenge for engineers to provide microscopic structure and macroscopic response. the world with an increasing standard of living This is a challenging task, because complex fluid while significantly reducing the resulting ecological rheology depends sensitively on both material footprint. Engineering thermodynamics is a constitution and deformation mode. More applied crucial tool for meeting this challenge, as it is research in our group is carried out in the field of indispensable to the development of energy- refrigeration and heat pumps. We aim to deliver efficient processes (e.g. energy conversion a contribution to more sustainable solutions for processes and separation processes). Our mission heating and cooling processes both in industry is to apply and develop methods, tools and and in the building sector, and to develop solar processes that will lead to more energy efficient energy supported thermodynamic systems that use processes in industry. This requires a detailed natural operating fluids and low temperature heat understanding of the thermodynamic and transport wherever possible. Knowledge of the molecular properties of (complex) fluids, which are governed and thermodynamic properties of the fluids by interactions on the microscopic and mesoscopic involved is essential for this task: non-equilibrium scale. Molecular thermodynamics, molecular thermodynamics plays a crucial part in finding the simulation and mesoscopic modeling are important state with minimal entropy production and thus research areas in our group as it is often very optimal energy efficiency. difficult to access the required small length scales experimentally. This molecular viewpoint is often As it is often difficult to access the molecular applied in the context of a distinct research goal scale experimentally, molecular simulations and or a process that takes place inside a machine or molecular thermodynamics are very important tools device, e.g. optimising the structure of a solvent, to obtain this fundamental understanding. A key nanoporous hosts, or liquid crystal for carbon objective of this research is to develop and apply dioxide removal from gaseous streams. these approaches in such a way that they lead to accurate predictions for macroscopic systems. The theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics Molecular simulations and theory are used to is used to find the state of minimal entropy investigate the properties of systems of industrial production of given processes, i.e. this is the state interest (e.g. chemical and process industry), in in which fewer resources are wasted. Finding close collaboration with experimentalists (both this state of minimal entropy production requires in and outside Delft), theoreticians (both in and parameters that can be obtained from simulations outside Delft), and industry. Examples of these are: and theory that is applied at the molecular level. Another important research area is the flow of 1 transport and adsorption of guest molecules complex fluids such as emulsions, suspensions, (e.g. hydrocarbons, CO2, N2, water, alcohols) and slurries, as they are ubiquitous in industrial in nanoporous nanomaterials (e.g. zeolites, processes. There is high industrial demand for accurate constitutive relations to describe metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes); 2 s elf-assembly of nanocrystals (metal or their deformation and flow. When fundamental semiconductor, in solution or in vacuum, capped understanding is lacking (which is often the or uncapped); case) industrial practitioners fall back on ad hoc 3m echanical properties of gas hydrates; fitting functions, which have a limited range of 4d eveloping predictive models for applicability and no predictive power. multicomponent transport coefficients in fluids; 5 the development of accurate descriptions of Our goal is to provide novel, predictive (coupled) transport of heat and mass in zeolite constitutive relationships based on a fundamental membranes and other systems. 15 Living and working in Delft 16 The Kingdom of The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces in the Northwest of Europe (commonly known as The Netherlands) as well as three islands in the Caribbean. The Netherlands, with a population of over 16 million, is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. Geographically, it is a low-lying country, with about 20 per cent of its area and 21 per cent of its population located below sea level, and 50 per cent of its land lying less than one meter above sea level. This small nation boasts a wealth of cultural heritage and is famous for its painters, windmills, tulips, clogs and notoriously flat lands. and research centre. Today, it revels in the ‘High- Today, international trade is still the main motor of tech’ tag due to the abundance of technology- economic growth. The Netherlands is the sixteenth based institutions and organisations close to largest economy in the world and one of the ten and often involved with the University. Built on leading exporting nations. As a modern European reclaimed marshland, a ‘polder’ area, Delft borders country, it preserves its highly international on the agricultural centre of the Randstad. The character and is known for its liberal mentality. As a city of Delft enjoys a worldwide reputation thanks founding member of EU and NATO, and as the host to its connection with Johannes Vermeer, the to the International Court of Justice in The Hague, master of light and the creator of ‘The Girl with The Netherlands is at the heart of international the Pearl Earring’, while the world famous Delft cooperation. Its small size, its welcoming attitude to Blue earthenware and the Royal House relive its travellers and its many sights make it a unique and glorious past as you wander along canals and past easily discoverable destination. churches, mansions and courtyards. This university town also offers canal tours, museums, markets Dutch society and many pubs and restaurants. The Old and New Dutch society is multicultural and focused on Church and the ‘Prinsenhof’ are a testament to the international relations, thanks to the merchant and strong connection between Delft and the Dutch exploring spirit of the Dutch as well as to the influx Royal Family. of immigrants. The country is the birthplace of Nobel Prize winners and controversial philosophers Taxation as well as ground-breaking artists and scientists. Certain categories of international staff can receive The United Nations has ranked The Netherlands tax exemption on approximately 30 per cent of their as the fourth happiest nation on earth, with the gross salary. This is to compensate for the extra happiest children (as ranked by UNICEF). The costs they incur in living abroad, such as having benefits of living and working in The Netherlands to rent temporary accommodation, etc. In principle, include a satisfying balance between life and the 30 per cent rule applies to foreign staff who work, a high standard of living, an excellent have been specifically recruited and who have a education and health system, and a strong sense formal contract of employment in The Netherlands. of community. More information About Delft For more information on moving to Delft, including Delft is a compact, historic town between housing, healthcare, schools, transport, banking Rotterdam and The Hague in the province of and leisure please see: www.tudelft.nl/en/about- South-Holland. It forms part of the ‘Randstad’, the tu-delft/working-at-tu-delft/tu-delft-as-employer/ urban agglomeration in the western part of The international-candidates/ Netherlands and is the nation’s main educational 17 Colophon Production Text: Department Process & Energy Photography: Twan de Veer Photography – www.twandeveer.nl Lay-out: Liesbeth van Dam (Media Solutions) ©TU Delft April 2015 Delft University of Technology Faculty Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE) Process & Energy Leeghwaterstraat 39 2628 CB Delft The Netherlands 20
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