The Asian longhorned Beetle
A pest we can stop through early
detection
Joanna Fisher
Department of Entomology
Cornell University
[email protected]
What is the Asian longhorned beetle?
J. Fisher
Bugwood.org
Bugwood.org
Bugwood.org
Before ALB
Bugwood.org
After ALB
19,344 trees destroyed: New York
6,963 infested!
34,329 trees destroyed: Massachusetts
24,213 infested!
61,756 trees destroyed: Bethel Ohio
6,963 infested!
Monitoring by the
public is critical!
Before ALB
“The public is our first
line of defense because
early detection is crucial
and could mean more
trees saved”- Rebecca
Blue, Deputy Under
Secretary of the USDA
(APHIS).
After ALB
Bugwood.org
Early detection is critical! All but one unique
outbreak first detected by homeowners
Worchester is the largest infestation: Went
undetected of about 10 years
Willow, Salix
Buckeye, Aesculus
Ash
Maples, Acer
ALB has a very wide host range!
47 Deciduous tree species, from 14
plant families
Sycamore,
Plantanus
Bugwood.org
Birch, Betula
horsechestnut, Aesculus
© Bugguide Forestry Imates
Elm, Ulmus
According to 2001 estimates, it would cost the US
$669 billion to remove and replace vulnerable trees
($2.2 billion NY)
Bugwood.org
Reductions of tree canopy up to 35%
Up to 30% tree mortality
Bugwood.org
Questions/
Comments?
How do you think ALB was
introduced into the US?
© Francis Gwyn Jones, Bugwood.org
"Tidy Stacks of Pallets" by carol - carol. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
NOAA
How the problem Started in China
Planting of the Green Wall in China with 36.5 Million ha
non-native poplar trees
Population explosion and rapid spread
from1980s-1990s
ALB + design: T. Goble, Cornell
University
The Green Wall– Forest shelterbelt destroyed because of
damage by ALB (in some areas 80-100% of trees infested)
Nicknamed “the forest fire without smoke”
A.E. Hajek
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Question: What potential impacts do you
think an Asian longhorned beetle infestation
could have on your community?
Discuss with your neighbor
How do you identify the Asian
longhorned beetle?
Size:¾- 1 ½ inch long
Striped antennae
At least as long as
the body
Shiny Black, distinct
white patches on
abdomen
Bugwood.org
Shiny Black
Blueish feet
J. Fisher
Shiny Black
Antennae at
least as long as
body
Striped
antennae
Blueish feet
Distinct white
patches on
abdomen
J. Fisher
Black patch between
wing covers
White patch between
wing covers
Asian longhorned beetle
Anoplophora glabripennis
Monochamus mutator
Entomophagy WIKI
White spotted pine sawyer
Monochamus scutellatus
Monochamus marmorator
Blind click beetle:
Alaus myops
Buggwood: G.J. Lenhard
Buggwood: M. Bohne
Larval Identification
Questions/
Comments?
With your neighbor discuss why these are NOT the ALB
Think about shape, color and pattern
[email protected]
MA Introduced pest outreach blog
Willow, Salix
Buckeye, Aesculus
Ash
How do you identify the hosts of ALB?
Sycamore,
Plantanus
Maples, Acer
Bugwood.org
Birch, Betula
horsechestnut, Aesculus
© Bugguide Forestry Imates
Elm, Ulmus
ALB Good, questionable, non-hosts go to:
http://www.uvm.edu/albeetle/hosts.htm
Maple Identification
• Single leaf blade with 3-5 lobes (palmately lobed) with
notches (sinuses) between lobes
• Leaves, buds and twigs are in pairs opposite each other
along branches
• Double samara
Maple-trees.com
Single Leaf blade with 3-5 lobes (palmately lobed)
with notches (sinuses) between lobes
Sinus
Bugwood.org
Lobe
Sugar maple
Single Leaf blade with 3-5 lobes (palmately lobed)
with notches (sinuses) between lobes
Bugwood.org
Red maple
Double Samara
Bugwood.org
Buds twigs are in pairs opposite each other along branches
Bugwood.org
Norway maple
Bugwood.org
What are the signs and
symptoms of an infestation?
Oviposition scars
Bugwood.org
Dark staining from sap flow; attracts insects
Photo: AJ Sawyer, USDA-APHIS
“Sawdust”(frass) at tree base
or on tree
http://www.bethelalb.com/alb-and-host-trees-09-12-2012-screen.pdf
Crown dieback
Early fall color
Bugwood.org
Circular, dime-sized exit holes
Bugwood.com
Photo: AJ Sawyer, USDA-APHIS
Signs of ALB infestation
Photo: AJ Sawyer, USDA-APHIS
Egg site
inches
1
Healed exit hole
Bugwood.org
Slide from T. Goble
2
Adult damage to twigs and leaves
J. Fisher, Cornell University
Monitoring for ALB
With your neighbor discuss:
What do you think would be the best time of
year to monitor for ALB?
What would be high priority locations to
monitor in your community?
Bugwood.org
Monitoring for ALB
Where to monitor for ALB
Vermont Invasives
NY Dept. Envornmental Conservation
Bugwood.org
Documenting & reporting suspected
infestations
Photograph damage,
Collect any beetles in glass jars
Tag potential
signs
Bugwood.org
Published by Natural Resources Canada (Canadian Forest
Service) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency 2007.
Reproduced with the permission of Natural Resources
Canada, Canadian Forest Service.
Report at
Asianlonghorned beetle.com
Questions/
Comments?
Asian longhorned beetle management
Eradication Program
• Establish quarantine zone: limits movement of
host material: firewood, nursery stock, lumber
ect.
Asian longhorned beetle management
Eradication Program
• Remove and destroy infested host trees
• Remove high-risk host trees
After ALB
Bugwood.org
Asian longhorned beetle management
Eradication Program
• Prevent ALB & other wood pests from entering
the US
 Inspections
 Phytosanitary laws
http://www.boonevalley.net/
Bugwood.org
On-going research
Improved wood-treatment methods
– Goal: Prevent introduction of ALB &
other wood pests into the US
Pheromone traps
– Goal: Improve ability to detect ALB early
Bugwood.org
http://www.boonevalley.net/
On-going research
Insect Pathogenic Fungi
– Goal: Provide an effective, safe, costeffective way to control ALB populations
– The fungi can kill all life stages but
larvae are hard to reach
– Developing hydromulch formulation
T. Goble
J. Fisher
T. Goble
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Elson Shields, Mark Whitmore and David
Way for their assistance and advice
Tarryn Goble for use of several slides
Funding: Cornell Entomology EOA fellowship