Asian Longhorned Beetle Presentation
The Asian longhorned Beetle A pest we can stop through early detection Joanna Fisher Department of Entomology Cornell University [email protected] What is the Asian longhorned beetle? J. Fisher Bugwood.org Bugwood.org Bugwood.org Before ALB Bugwood.org After ALB 19,344 trees destroyed: New York 6,963 infested! 34,329 trees destroyed: Massachusetts 24,213 infested! 61,756 trees destroyed: Bethel Ohio 6,963 infested! Monitoring by the public is critical! Before ALB “The public is our first line of defense because early detection is crucial and could mean more trees saved”- Rebecca Blue, Deputy Under Secretary of the USDA (APHIS). After ALB Bugwood.org Early detection is critical! All but one unique outbreak first detected by homeowners Worchester is the largest infestation: Went undetected of about 10 years Willow, Salix Buckeye, Aesculus Ash Maples, Acer ALB has a very wide host range! 47 Deciduous tree species, from 14 plant families Sycamore, Plantanus Bugwood.org Birch, Betula horsechestnut, Aesculus © Bugguide Forestry Imates Elm, Ulmus According to 2001 estimates, it would cost the US $669 billion to remove and replace vulnerable trees ($2.2 billion NY) Bugwood.org Reductions of tree canopy up to 35% Up to 30% tree mortality Bugwood.org Questions/ Comments? How do you think ALB was introduced into the US? © Francis Gwyn Jones, Bugwood.org "Tidy Stacks of Pallets" by carol - carol. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons NOAA How the problem Started in China Planting of the Green Wall in China with 36.5 Million ha non-native poplar trees Population explosion and rapid spread from1980s-1990s ALB + design: T. Goble, Cornell University The Green Wall– Forest shelterbelt destroyed because of damage by ALB (in some areas 80-100% of trees infested) Nicknamed “the forest fire without smoke” A.E. Hajek Canadian Food Inspection Agency Question: What potential impacts do you think an Asian longhorned beetle infestation could have on your community? Discuss with your neighbor How do you identify the Asian longhorned beetle? Size:¾- 1 ½ inch long Striped antennae At least as long as the body Shiny Black, distinct white patches on abdomen Bugwood.org Shiny Black Blueish feet J. Fisher Shiny Black Antennae at least as long as body Striped antennae Blueish feet Distinct white patches on abdomen J. Fisher Black patch between wing covers White patch between wing covers Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis Monochamus mutator Entomophagy WIKI White spotted pine sawyer Monochamus scutellatus Monochamus marmorator Blind click beetle: Alaus myops Buggwood: G.J. Lenhard Buggwood: M. Bohne Larval Identification Questions/ Comments? With your neighbor discuss why these are NOT the ALB Think about shape, color and pattern [email protected] MA Introduced pest outreach blog Willow, Salix Buckeye, Aesculus Ash How do you identify the hosts of ALB? Sycamore, Plantanus Maples, Acer Bugwood.org Birch, Betula horsechestnut, Aesculus © Bugguide Forestry Imates Elm, Ulmus ALB Good, questionable, non-hosts go to: http://www.uvm.edu/albeetle/hosts.htm Maple Identification • Single leaf blade with 3-5 lobes (palmately lobed) with notches (sinuses) between lobes • Leaves, buds and twigs are in pairs opposite each other along branches • Double samara Maple-trees.com Single Leaf blade with 3-5 lobes (palmately lobed) with notches (sinuses) between lobes Sinus Bugwood.org Lobe Sugar maple Single Leaf blade with 3-5 lobes (palmately lobed) with notches (sinuses) between lobes Bugwood.org Red maple Double Samara Bugwood.org Buds twigs are in pairs opposite each other along branches Bugwood.org Norway maple Bugwood.org What are the signs and symptoms of an infestation? Oviposition scars Bugwood.org Dark staining from sap flow; attracts insects Photo: AJ Sawyer, USDA-APHIS “Sawdust”(frass) at tree base or on tree http://www.bethelalb.com/alb-and-host-trees-09-12-2012-screen.pdf Crown dieback Early fall color Bugwood.org Circular, dime-sized exit holes Bugwood.com Photo: AJ Sawyer, USDA-APHIS Signs of ALB infestation Photo: AJ Sawyer, USDA-APHIS Egg site inches 1 Healed exit hole Bugwood.org Slide from T. Goble 2 Adult damage to twigs and leaves J. Fisher, Cornell University Monitoring for ALB With your neighbor discuss: What do you think would be the best time of year to monitor for ALB? What would be high priority locations to monitor in your community? Bugwood.org Monitoring for ALB Where to monitor for ALB Vermont Invasives NY Dept. Envornmental Conservation Bugwood.org Documenting & reporting suspected infestations Photograph damage, Collect any beetles in glass jars Tag potential signs Bugwood.org Published by Natural Resources Canada (Canadian Forest Service) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency 2007. Reproduced with the permission of Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Report at Asianlonghorned beetle.com Questions/ Comments? Asian longhorned beetle management Eradication Program • Establish quarantine zone: limits movement of host material: firewood, nursery stock, lumber ect. Asian longhorned beetle management Eradication Program • Remove and destroy infested host trees • Remove high-risk host trees After ALB Bugwood.org Asian longhorned beetle management Eradication Program • Prevent ALB & other wood pests from entering the US Inspections Phytosanitary laws http://www.boonevalley.net/ Bugwood.org On-going research Improved wood-treatment methods – Goal: Prevent introduction of ALB & other wood pests into the US Pheromone traps – Goal: Improve ability to detect ALB early Bugwood.org http://www.boonevalley.net/ On-going research Insect Pathogenic Fungi – Goal: Provide an effective, safe, costeffective way to control ALB populations – The fungi can kill all life stages but larvae are hard to reach – Developing hydromulch formulation T. Goble J. Fisher T. Goble Acknowledgements Thanks to Elson Shields, Mark Whitmore and David Way for their assistance and advice Tarryn Goble for use of several slides Funding: Cornell Entomology EOA fellowship
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