Actual trends in energy audits and experiences from Finland
17th Slovenian Energy Managers Conference 22.4.2015
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Energy Audit Programme in Finland
• Finland’s Energy Audit Programme (the EAP) started as a subsidy policy in 1992
• EAP was developed into a programme level activity in 1993 but was in practice
launched in 1994
• EAP consists of 12 elements:
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What is an energy audit
A comprehensive and systematic procedure that
• Evaluates the existing consumption of electricity, heat and fuels and water at the site
• Identifies and scales the cost effective energy saving opportunities (payback time <
10 years)
• Reports the findings
• Made usually by an (authorized) competent external auditor together with the client
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Energy audit models in Finland
• Service sector
– Energy Inspection - the model for small buildings, light reporting
– Building Energy Audit - the basic model for service sector buildings, includes two
categories of buildings: simple (schools, offices, etc) and complicated (swimming
halls, ice arenas, etc)
– Post-acceptance Energy Audit - the model for new and renovated buildings,
“tuning” the energy use to optimal level
– Follow-up Energy Audit - the model to update the previous energy audit
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Energy audit models in Finland
• Industry
– Energy Inspection - can be applied for extra-small SME’s
– Industrial Energy Audit - the model for sites with low energy intensive production
process, looks at the energy use of the building and the process supply systems
– Industrial Energy Analysis - the heavier model for sites with medium energy
intensive production process, includes the process analysis
– Process Industry Energy Analysis - the two-phase model for energy intensive
process industry, the first step scans the needs for following Industrial Energy
Audits and Analyses
– These models can be used as Follow-up Audits also
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Energy audit models in Finland
• Energy sector
– District Heating Audit - the model for district heating plants and heat distribution
networks
– Power Plant Energy Analysis - the model for power plants
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Average saving potential
• Service sector
• Heat
• Electricity
• Water
16 %
7%
8%
• SME’s with energy use below 70 GWh/a
• Heat
• Electricity
• Water
22 %
7%
10 %
• Average saving in energy and water costs 15 %
• Total payback time for the saving measures is about 2 years
• 1/3 of the saving potential can be reached by implementing the no-cost measures
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Energy efficiency Directive EED, Art 8. Energy Audits
• According to the Art 8 of EED it is obligatory for the big companies to carry out
energy audits
• In Finland the Art. 8 of EED was implemented by energy efficiency law, which come
in to force on 1st of January 2015
• ->The energy efficiency audit programme and work has been split to two ”lines”:
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The energy efficiency audit programme and work has
been split to two ”lines”:
• Obligatory energy audits (energy
• Voluntary energy audit program for
reviews) for big companies
SMEs (not big companies)
• Regulated in the energy efficiency law
• Subsidy can be paid for SMEs
• No subsidy for obligatory energy audits
• The program is run by Motiva, Energy
(energy review) of big companies
Efficienct Authority is the administrator
• Energy Authority is responsible for the
obligatory energy audit scheme
LEGISLATIVE
FRAMEWORK
ENERGY AUDIT OF
A SPECIAL
TARGET
MONITORING
SYSTEM
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AUTHORISATION
OF A
RESPONSIBLE
PERSON OF AN
ENERGY REVIEW
OF A BIG
COMPANY
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The latest approaches in energy efficiency audits and
future development
• In addition to the ”traditional” general audit models, more process or sector spesific
models and guidelines are needed
• Motiva has prepared special audit guidelines and tools with close co-operation with
mills, equipment suppliers and consulting companies
• Specific guidelines are available for example for:
• Compressed air systems
• Steam and condensate systems
• Surplus heat
• Industrial furnaces
• Data centers
• Ski centers
• Professional kitchen
• Some more are under way
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How to create an audit model / guideline?
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Example 1. Energy audit model of surplus heat
• Estimated technical potential of surplus
heat in Finnish industry is app.19
TWh/a, and the economically feasible
amount app. 4-5 TWh/a (YIT 2010)
• Surplus heat was defined to be used
energy that goes to atmosphere or to
water system
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Example 1. Energy audit model of surplus heat
The main purpose of the project “Energy efficiency of surplus heat” was
• to add the knowledge of industry, equipment suppliers, consultants, energy auditors
etc. how surplus heat can be used more effectively by using new technology for
example industrial heat pumps or ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle)-technology
The project was divided into subprojects and reports
• General guidelines to energy efficiency in industrial surplus heat
• Industrial surplus heat solutions using heat pumps and ORC
• Drying of (bio)fuels using surplus heat
• Industrial surplus energy audits. Guide for energy auditors
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Example 1. Energy audit model of surplus heat
Participants
• Ten industrial, energy intensive companies and one community
• Participants were from pulp and paper industry, metal industry, chemical industry, power
stations
• Participant plants picked their own problem to be solved at the beginning
• Consultant and equipment suppliers studied the cases proposed by the plants
• Every case was reviewed several times in totally ten workshops during the project as
material was collected and measurements were done. All topics and results were openly
and thoroughly discussed
• Six equipment suppliers
• Their role was to bring their know-how and experience of installations
• Three consultants, who made the site visits, interviews etc. and wrote the reports
• Motiva coordinating the project
All important information was collected to the guide for energy auditors
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Example 1. Energy audit model of surplus heat
• Guide is aimed to the
• Industrial companies with surplus energy
• Maintenance service companies
• Energy auditors
• The guide gives advice
• What factors must ne taken in to account when analysing
surplus heat (temperature, enthalpy, phase, chemical
properties, purity)
• How to approach the target systematically
• General advices and rules of thumb
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Example 1. Energy audit model of surplus heat
• General advices and “rules of thumb”
• For example, possibilities to use surplus heat
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Example 1. Energy audit of surplusheat
• The guide gives advice
• How to choose the right heat pump, mechanical heat pump,
adsorption heat pump, thermo compressor or other alternative.
The typical performance factors of different alternative are
presented in the guide
• List the pros and cons
• Estimate the feasibility
of the investment
• Contains case examples
how to use surplus heat,
for example in district heating system
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Example 2. Energy audit of steam-condensate pipeline
• Backround
•
•
•
Estimated saving potential in Finnish
steam and condensate systems is
in the region of 1.9 TWh/a, equals to 3%
of the use of steam in Finnish industrial plants
How to achieve savings in steam and
condensate systems in mills?
-> Energy audit guideline for steam-condensate pipeline
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Example 2. Energy audit of steam-condensate pipeline
Introduction
• Three operators in large steam
and condensate systems (Figure 1.)
• Steam generation plant
• Maintenance
• Production
Figure 1
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Example 2. Energy audit audit of steam-condensate pipeline
• Audit model consists of four section:
• Part 1 defines the guidelines of the steam and condensate pipeline. Guidelines includes
the following ares:
• Steam and condensate pipelines
• Efficiency measures in steam comsumption
• Efficiency measures in steam production
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Example 2. Energy audit of steam-condensate pipeline
• Part 2 describes how to carry out a steam and condensate audit and to report findings. It
also describes the main areas where the focus should be set. Table of contents of a report
is as follows:
• Summary
• Basic information
• The present status of the steam and condensate pipelines
• Results of the field work
• Energy balance of the steam and condensate pipelines
• Operational saving potential
• Saving measures and economy
• Future actions.
In practice:
• Basic data has to be gathered from the consumption side, the steam and condensate pipelines
and the production site.
• In field work, the auditor has to clarify the structure of the steam and condensate pipelines,
inspect the condition of the pipelines and the steam traps and other equipment, and verify how
they work.
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Example 2. Energy audit of steam-condensate pipeline
• Part 3 is an example report from an imaginary paper mill where a steam and condensate
audit has been carried out
• Part 4 gives instructions and advice to the maintenance department and designers. Details
of good installation and operation practices are given to designers and the maintenance
department
• Extra part, Measurement guide.
• The guide describes the basic construction of a steam and condensate system and how to
measure the flows in each part of the network.
• Special attention is paid to balance sheets, reporting, online measurements and energy
efficiency
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2. Energy audit of steam-condensate pipeline
Case study, integrated paper mill
• Typical paper mill
• Steam (total): Power 80 MW, consumption 700 GWh/a
• Low pressure steam (2.2 bar, 70 MW), middle pressure steam (12 bar, 10 MW)
• Used for paper machine, heat up process water, ventilation, building, etc.
• Paper machine average 56 MW
• Maintenance
• Carried out by outside experienced company
• No regular maintenance programme, Faults were repaired as and when they occured
• Monitoring
• Monitoring of steam and condensate by company itself
• Monthly reports, energy group every months
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2. Energy audit of steam-condensate pipeline
Field study
• Was carried out by experts of the steam equipment supplier
• More than 120 tramps were studied
• The methods used were surface temperature measurements, use of ultrasonic
devices, thermal cameras
• Also separate tests to identify the status of each steam tramp was carried out
Figure. A thermal camera provides good evidence of a steam trap’s condition
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2. Energy audit of steam-condensate pipeline
Results from the field study
• Steam traps
Observation
Number of faults Percentage of the
steam traps studied, %
Condensate to waste
41
34
Inadequate installation
52
43
Steam trap not working properly
22
18
Wrong steam trap type
31
26
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2. Energy audit of steam-condensate pipeline
Results from the field study
• Condensate pipelines
Steam leaks
Bypass valve open (15 pcs)
Broken steam trap (22 pcs)
Leakage in the line
Process condensate wasted
kg/h
1,050
300
165
720
Recovered
100%
40%
0%
0%
Wasted
0%
60%
100%
100%
• Pipe connections
• Unnecessary use of middle pressure steam that could be substituted with low pressure
steam => less electricity in the power station ( 3,7 GWh/a)
• Several faults in the measurement were found during the field work
• Total saving potential was app. 300.000 eur/year , total pay back time was 0,4 year
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Thank you !
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