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Complementary therapies
Complementary therapies | 03
Contents
Introduction
05
What are complementary therapies?
06
Choosing a complementary therapy
07
Will any complementary therapies affect my
medical treatment?
09
Finding a complementary therapy practitioner
10
How much will the therapies cost?
11
Types of therapies
13
Acupuncture
Shiatsu and acupressure
Aromatherapy
Massage
Healing and energy therapies
Herbal medicine
Other herbal remedies
Homeopathy
Hypnotherapy
Reflexology
Yoga, Tai Chi and Chi Gung
13
15
16
17
19
20
23
23
24
27
29
A final word on complementary therapies
31
Further support
33
Breast Cancer Care
Other organisations
33
35
04 |
Complementary therapies | 05
Introduction
Complementary therapies have become increasingly
popular as a way for people to try to improve their
health. They are a holistic approach to wellbeing
that aim to treat physical, emotional, mental and
spiritual conditions.
A growing number of people with breast cancer use
complementary therapies to try to control some of the side effects
of their cancer treatment as well as to increase their overall sense
of wellbeing. This booklet is for anyone who is interested in finding
out more about complementary therapies and breast cancer. It
provides useful information about some of the complementary
therapies available and looks at some of the things you may need
to consider before trying a therapy.
‘Choosing and using the complementary therapies has
helped me to feel more in control and that I am “doing
my bit” to minimise the side effects of treatment.’
Elizabeth
‘Having the therapies made me stop and spend a bit of
time allowing my body to heal and rest.’
Rachel
‘For 30 minutes or more you can completely “lose”
yourself in relaxation. It is “your time”, you can just
close your eyes, go to sleep if you like, and take
yourself to any place that you feel safe.’
Juanita
‘I started the complementary therapy as
I was coming to the end of my first lot of
radiotherapy but then continued with it
all the way through my second diagnosis
and even after that.’
Susan
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06 | What are complementary therapies?
Complementary therapies | 07
What are complementary
therapies?
Choosing a
complementary therapy
There is a wide range of complementary therapies
available. They should only ever be used alongside
conventional medical treatments and for this reason
they differ from ‘alternative’ therapies, which are used
instead of conventional medical treatment.
It is a good idea to look at the types of therapies that
are available, how they work, and which ones might be
effective for you.
While it is important to remember that complementary therapies
are not a cure for cancer, they may help to relieve some of
the problems linked to a breast cancer diagnosis or with the
side effects of medical treatment. For example, massage may
encourage relaxation while acupuncture could help with nausea
or pain.
Compared to conventional medical treatments there has been
very little reliable research into complementary therapies. For this
reason it can be difficult to judge how effective complementary
therapies are and whether they have any impact on your medical
treatment. Doctors will often advise you to avoid certain therapies
(particularly herbal remedies) if it is not known how they may
interact with your medical treatment.
‘I feel more in control because it is something that I
have chosen to do and from long experience I know
that these therapies will help me take responsibility for
my treatment and recovery.’
Jackie
‘Having the therapies made me stop and
spend a bit of time allowing my body to
heal and rest.’
Rachel
Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk
You may also want to think about how comfortable you are with
what is involved in having a particular therapy. For example, it
is worth bearing in mind that for some therapies you will need
to partially or fully undress. The thought of undressing may be
uncomfortable for some people who have had surgery for breast
cancer and feel self conscious about their body. This may also
be inappropriate for people from some cultural and religious
backgrounds. However, it is important to remember that a good
complementary therapist will do their best to put you at ease.
Fitting complementary therapies into your lifestyle is also
something to think about. For therapies such as acupuncture or
reflexology, you may have regular contact with a therapist and
will need to find time to be able to see them weekly or fortnightly.
Other therapies involve less frequent contact with a therapist. For
example, after a first visit to a homeopath or herbalist you may
be given a remedy to take for several weeks before seeing them
again. It is important when choosing a therapy that you feel happy
with the timing and frequency of appointments. If trying to keep
up with appointments becomes difficult, the added stress may
affect how beneficial you find the therapy itself.
‘I have been fortunate to have experienced the marvels
of homeopathy, the amazing effects of reflexology, the
deep relaxation that comes through Reiki and the utter
peace of aromatherapy. I am astounded at how well
I am feeling.’
Susan
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Complementary therapies | 09
Will any complementary
therapies affect my
medical treatment?
Some complementary therapies may help to improve the side
effects of medical treatments without affecting the way they
work. However, some complementary therapies may affect
the medical treatments you are having. Because of this, it is
essential you tell your complementary therapy practitioner about
your medical treatments before you begin. The therapist will
usually be able to advise you if there are any reasons why you
should not use that particular therapy. For example, massage
should be avoided over a recent scar that is still healing. Also,
some of the herbs used in herbal medicine can interact with
conventional medical treatments and should be avoided. For
this reason it is advisable to see a fully qualified and experienced
practitioner who is well-informed on how this may affect your
current medical treatment.
Whichever complementary therapy you are thinking about
trying, it is important to talk to your breast care nurse or
specialist team first to ensure that it will not affect any
medical treatment you may have.
‘When I had a recurrence in 2006, my herbalist
wrote to my oncologist to explain which herbs
he proposed to use and to get consent, which
was given.’
Margi
‘I usually find therapists through
word of mouth and discussions with
others. I would only go on personal
recommendations from people I trust.’
Judy
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10 | Finding a complementary therapy practicioner
Complementary therapies | 11
Finding a complementary
therapy practitioner
How much will the
therapies cost?
There might be complementary therapists working
at your local hospital. Your breast care nurse may be
able to tell you more about this or give you a list of
therapists in your area.
Complementary therapies offered by hospitals, cancer
support centres, hospices and other charities may be
free or charged for according to what you can afford.
You can also ask other people for advice and information on
therapists, such as your GP or a local cancer support group.
Some hospices, cancer support centres and other charities
provide a limited range of complementary therapies.
If there are no suitable free or low-cost therapies available locally,
you may consider paying privately. The cost will vary with each
therapist and the type of therapy you choose. It is very important
to discuss the cost of any complementary therapy you are
thinking about trying with the therapist before you commit to it.
When you are choosing a complementary therapist it is a good
idea to check their qualifications and insurance, and to ask
whether they are a member of a professional body. Professional
bodies are also able to provide you with a list of therapists in your
area. You can find a list of professional bodies at the back of this
booklet under ‘Other organisations’.
Many complementary therapies involve several visits and it is a
good idea to work out how much this will cost and if you can
afford to keep up with the sessions. Some therapists may be
willing to offer a lower rate if you need a number of treatments.
As costs do vary, you may want to talk to several therapists to find
out who can offer the best rate for you.
You may want to ask the therapist if they have worked with many
people who have had breast cancer. Whoever you choose, it is
important you think they are trustworthy and you feel comfortable
with the treatment they recommend.
‘It is expensive, but my herbalist was very generous,
particularly when I was seeing him weekly when I had
my second course of chemotherapy. There were many
occasions when he treated me for free. It did become
difficult to afford the treatment when I had no income
coming in for some months.’
Margi
‘I accessed my local Holistic Centre which offers free
treatments to patient and carer.’
Susan
‘I have had some therapy at reduced rates at the
hospital. I have a small amount of insurance which
pays some of the costs. Sometimes it has not been
easy to pay.’
Jackie
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012 | Complementary therapies
Complementary therapies | 13
Types of therapies
Many complementary therapies refer to chi, qi or ki.
Although the spelling of this may vary, the idea of chi, qi
or ki as an energy force remains the same. Throughout
this booklet we will use the spelling that is appropriate
to the complementary therapy that is being described.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture has been popular in the West since the 1970s and
its origins go back at least 2,000 years to China. Acupuncture is
a technique that involves the insertion of fine needles into the skin
and underlying tissues at specific points.
Traditional acupuncturists believe that there is an energy called
qi which flows around the body in channels known as meridians
that form a continuous network throughout the body. They believe
that when the flow of qi is balanced we are well both physically
and emotionally, and that illness can arise if the flow of energy is
imbalanced or blocked. Acupuncturists work by observing the
symptoms of someone who is ill to determine the nature of the
disturbances in the flow of energy. An acupuncturist will then
work towards helping the energy flow become more balanced.
During your first visit the acupuncturist will take a detailed history
of your health and lifestyle, and ask about any other problems you
may have. If you have had surgery to the lymph glands under your
arm, the acupuncturist should not use needles on that arm or in
the chest area on that side.
‘With acupuncture there is an opportunity to rest for
about 20 minutes and relax which is really helpful. I
always feel great after acupuncture and often the
world seems brighter when I leave.’
Margi
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14 | Types of complementary therapy
You will usually lie on a couch during the session and may
be asked to undress down to your underwear so that the
acupuncturist can reach the right body points. Blankets and
towels should be available if you do need to undress. The
acupuncturist will take note of your pulse on both wrists and may
also look at your tongue.
Once the points on your body have been identified, needles
may either be left in position for up to 30 minutes or inserted
and removed more regularly. This will depend on the style
of acupuncture and the condition being treated. Some
acupuncturists may use a dried herb called moxa to stimulate
certain acupuncture points. As the needles used are very thin
people rarely find acupuncture painful, but you may feel a slight
sting when the needle is first put in place.
Normally a course of treatment is needed as acupuncturists
believe that the benefits increase with more sessions. The length
of time for improvements in symptoms following acupuncture may
vary but typically this can be after five or six sessions.
Acupuncture can be used to try to help with a range of health
problems. Some people who have chronic pain as a result of
breast cancer have found it useful, although results from studies
are conflicting. It may also reduce the nausea and sickness that
chemotherapy can cause. Because acupuncture is thought to
help balance emotions, it may be used to improve low mood,
anxiety and fatigue.
‘I had ear acupuncture which was a 10-week course.
Before the ear acupuncture, I was having a lot of
trouble coping with hot flushes and night sweats. After
about six sessions, I started to notice a difference and
could relax through the flushes. Sleep was also better
after the sessions.’
Rachel
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Complementary therapies | 15
Shiatsu and acupressure
The word shiatsu literally means finger pressure and it is
commonly referred to as acupressure because it uses the same
meridian system that is used in acupuncture.
Shiatsu is an energetic therapy that focuses on the meridians,
or energy channels, throughout the body. A shiatsu therapist
believes that health problems happen because of an imbalance or
blockage in the flow of energy, or chi, in the body. They will aim to
release these blockages by applying gentle pressure to the body,
often using their thumbs and palms, and sometimes their elbows,
knees and feet. Shiatsu may help to rebalance the body’s energy
and function, allowing healing to take place.
On your first visit the therapist will talk to you about your medical
history and lifestyle. They will pay close attention to gently
touching and pressing your abdomen (tummy) to find out if there
are any blockages in the energy. You will usually be asked to
wear loose comfortable clothing and lie on a treatment bed or
mattress. Sometimes people can have a reaction to the first
session, for example headaches or tiredness, but many people
find shiatsu deeply relaxing.
Shiatsu may be used to try to help with a number of health
conditions, including bowel and back problems. It may also help
with tension and fatigue.
‘It is a hands-on therapy and can be a bit painful. When
you are not feeling too well it can be a bit too much
although the therapists are aware of your limits.’
Dorothy
‘The muscles are being worked on and getting softer,
and tensions released in the body makes you feel so
good! Also these therapies help me to have a better
posture which in turn helps me feel stronger.’
Judy
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16 | Types of complementary therapy
Aromatherapy
It is thought that the therapeutic effect of aromatherapy is the
result of a combination of the emotional and physical effects of
the essential oils and the relaxation of massage. Aromatherapy
uses essential oils, taken from fragrant plants, flowers, seeds
and bark, to stimulate the sense of smell which in turn is believed
to help healing. Essential oils have been used for health-giving
purposes for many thousands of years and aromatherapists have
studied how each essential oil is thought to work. Using their
knowledge they will choose an oil or mixture of oils to try to meet
your physical and emotional needs.
Essential oils can be used in several ways. They can be mixed
with a base oil to be used in massage, added to a bath, inhaled,
evaporated using an oil burner or blended with a lotion to be put
on the skin. When used in massage, it is thought that essential
oils are absorbed through the skin and into the muscles and
bloodstream. When evaporated, they are thought to enter the
bloodstream as the aroma is breathed in.
The properties of each essential oil and their physical and
emotional effects help an aromatherapist to make up the best
mixture for treatment. Some oils can cause irritation and others
are not recommended during pregnancy or if you have certain
other health conditions, so it is always important to see a qualified
aromatherapist rather than trying any of the essential oils yourself.
‘The aromatherapy helped me to relax and was an
oasis of calm during a less than pleasant experience.
I think it may also have helped with the hot flushes
from the tamoxifen.’
Elizabeth
‘Aromatherapy for me is my favourite. Even just having
an aromatherapy facial is really wonderful.’
Juanita
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Complementary therapies | 17
Aromatherapy may help people with breast cancer who have
problems with digestion, nausea, infections and pain, but on
the whole it seems to be most useful in helping with emotional
issues such as anxiety and improving quality of life generally. Oils
such as peppermint and ginger may relieve nausea. Lemon and
bergamot may improve mood and reduce lethargy, while lavender,
sandalwood and frankincense may reduce anxiety.
There is some laboratory evidence that lavender and tea tree
oils may mimic the actions of the hormone oestrogen and some
breast cancers are stimulated to grow by oestrogen. Whilst
this may not apply to the very small amounts of oils used in
aromatherapy, it does raise the question of the safety of all
oils, so they should only be used on the advice of a qualified
aromatherapist.
Massage
Massage is the oldest form of physical medicine recorded and
dates back to 4,000 years BC. There are many types of massage
from different parts of the world, including Indian Ayurvedic
massage, Hawaiian hot stone massage and Chinese Tui Na
massage. In the late 18th century a Swedish professor, Peter
Henrik Ling, developed a system of massage which now forms
the basis of the massage techniques used in Europe today.
Massage involves working on the body’s soft tissues, muscles,
ligaments and tendons by using the hands to stretch and apply
pressure. This action can soothe stiffness in the joints and
muscles and help the flow of lymph fluid and blood. The rhythmic
strokes used in massage can also help you feel relaxed.
At the start of your first session the therapist will ask you about
your medical history to make sure they treat you correctly. After
this, you will usually be asked to undress to your underwear and
lie down. The massage therapist should ensure you’re properly
covered with towels on the areas they are not working on. Using
towels also helps to keep in the heat created by the massage,
which can add to the relaxing effect of the treatment.
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Complementary therapies | 19
The therapist will either massage all over the body for general
relaxation or on one area for a specific problem. The number of
sessions you have will depend on what is being treated.
Massage has been widely used for people with cancer and may
help with a range of problems. For example, it may increase
relaxation, reduce pain and improve emotional wellbeing, and
may also help with headaches or nausea.
It has been said that people who have had cancer should not
have massage because of the risk of moving cancer cells from
one part of the body to another. This is not true, although it is
important to tell your massage therapist about your breast cancer
history. If you have had surgery to the lymph glands under your
arm, it is best to avoid having deep tissue massage to that arm
unless your therapist has also been trained in a specialist type of
massage known as manual lymphatic drainage.
Healing and energy therapies
Healing is an ancient practice which means to ‘make whole’.
There are a number of therapies which include Reiki, therapeutic
touch and spiritual healing. Therapists will aim to improve your
health and wellbeing, although beliefs about why healing is
possible vary depending on the style used. Most healers believe
they are channelling a universal energy that exists all around and
through us.
Reiki is perhaps the most commonly known type of healing.
Therapists believe that an energy, known as ki, flows through
them to the client to help restore balance and wellbeing. The
client can either sit or lie down, fully clothed, while the therapist
places their hands above or on certain parts of the body where
they believe energy is strong. Care is taken not to touch any
sensitive areas of the body. Some therapists play a CD of
soothing messages or music during treatment. You may start
to feel very relaxed during the treatment and this may even last
for some time after the session has finished. Some centres have
group Reiki sessions where several people are treated at once.
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20 | Types of complementary therapy
During contact healing, the healer will place their hands lightly on
you. You will be clothed and may be sitting or lying. The healer
will often use a holding technique around the body to help direct
energy. Alternatively, the healer may not make actual physical
contact with your body. They may work with their hands above
the body or use prayer. People may experience a sensation of
warmth or tingling and will often feel relaxed after a session of
healing. With spiritual or ‘faith’ healing it isn’t important to share
the healer’s beliefs, and the healer should only talk to you about
these if asked.
A healer should not say they can cure breast cancer and as yet
it is unclear just how effective healing is. However, supporters of
healing say it helps with sleep, relaxation, digestion and pain relief,
and improves quality of life in general.
A healer may work from a centre, hospital or their home.
Herbal medicine
Herbal medicine involves using plant remedies to treat a range
of health conditions. Here we have concentrated on the more
commonly used herbal remedies. There are many others available
but, as with all herbal remedies, please use them with caution.
Modern herbal medicine has evolved from centuries of learning
about the health-giving properties of plants. Herbs are used to
improve and restore the function and balance of the body. Herbs
are thought to have a reviving and strengthening effect, which
some people believe help the body to fight illness more easily.
‘I have used Chinese herbal remedies since 2001 when
I was first diagnosed with breast cancer. I was given
specific herbs to help manage the nausea. I continued
to use them once treatment was completed.’
Margi
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Complementary therapies | 21
In conventional medicine a number of drugs are based on active
plant ingredients, which are blended together. In herbal medicine
the whole plant is often used including leaves, roots and berries
and the herbalist will understand the balance of ingredients
contained within the plant. For example, conventional diuretics (a
medicine used to help pass urine) may cause a loss of potassium
(an essential mineral for the human body). In herbal medicine,
dandelion leaves would commonly be prescribed as they contain
potassium as well as having a diuretic effect. However, just
because herbal remedies use natural plant ingredients it does not
mean they will always be safe and some preparations have been
withdrawn because of the health problems they caused.
During your first visit the herbalist will take details of your medical
history, diet, lifestyle and emotions. Based on this information,
they will suggest herbs that may be helpful and prepare the
appropriate remedy. Herbs come in various preparations,
including teas and creams.
Phytoestrogens
There has been a lot of research to examine the use of soy
proteins and other phytoestrogens to relieve hot flushes and other
menopausal symptoms, but the results are inconsistent regarding
their safety and effectiveness. It is currently uncertain what effect
phytoestrogens have on the body when they are taken in greater
amounts than found in a normal diet. It is also not clear whether
the amount of plant oestrogen in your body has any effect on the
risk of your cancer coming back.
As with herbal remedies, phytoestrogens are classified as
foodstuffs and so are not covered by drug regulations and clinical
trials. Some herbal remedies, such as red clover, may help to
reduce hot flushes because they contain phytoestrogens, but
as indicated above, their safety and effectiveness are yet to be
established in women who have been treated for breast cancer.
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22 | Types of complementary therapy
Wild yam, ginseng and fennel contain a mixture of many
hormone-like substances, but their benefits are not clear. Black
cohosh does not appear to have any hormonal actions although
the evidence is unclear, and the limited number of studies have
shown inconsistent findings regarding its effectiveness. This
remedy has also been reported to give side-effects such as
dizziness, headaches or stomach upsets. There may also be a
risk of liver problems in women who already have pre-existing
liver disease.
It is important to consult a registered herbalist and discuss any
herbal supplements with your cancer specialist or breast care
nurse before taking them, particularly if you are having hormone
treatment such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (Arimidex,
Femara or Aromasin).
The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
(NICE) is an independent organisation responsible for
providing national guidance on promoting good health and
preventing and treating ill health. NICE does not recommend
soy (isoflavones), red clover, black cohosh or vitamin E for the
treatment of menopausal symptoms in women with breast
cancer because the evidence on their effectiveness is limited
and conflicting.
Complementary therapies | 23
Other herbal remedies
Mistletoe (Iscador)
Some people believe that mistletoe extracts stimulate the immune
system, improve quality of life and reduce the side effects of
chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, this has not been
proven in trials.
Echinacea
Echinacea is a herbal product used to boost the immune system,
however the research evidence to support this is limited. It is best
avoided for people taking steroids and those who are undergoing
chemotherapy treatment.
It has also been suggested that the herbs St Johns wort
and ginseng may interact with the conventional medical
drug tamoxifen, causing it to be less effective. Some herbal
supplements such as Ginkgo biloba, ginger and garlic may affect
how blood clots form so it is best to avoid taking these before
surgery. However, an average amount of garlic in your diet is fine.
It is very important that you consult a suitably qualified herbalist
and talk to your own cancer specialist or breast care nurse about
any herbs you are thinking about trying.
Homeopathy
Modern homeopathy was developed 200 years ago by a German
physician called Samuel Hahnemann. He believed that ‘like
should be treated with like’ and that ailments could be improved
by giving tiny doses of a remedy that if taken in a larger amount
would in fact cause the same symptoms. Homeopathic remedies
are made in different strengths but homeopaths believe that the
remedies with the strongest effect are often the ones which are
more dilute (watered down), meaning that remedies can be taken
with very little risk of side effects.
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24 | Types of complementary therapy
Complementary therapies | 25
A homeopath will talk to you about your physical and emotional
health, any past illnesses and your family before starting
treatment. They will also ask you about your diet, lifestyle and
personality. This information helps the homeopath to understand
the underlying causes of any problems so they can offer the best
remedy. Although the symptoms of two different people may be
similar it is not unusual for each person to be offered a different
homeopathic remedy.
A hypnotherapist believes that many of your experiences,
memories and feelings are kept in your ‘subconscious mind’
(an area of your mind which you are not normally aware of).
Hypnotherapists aim to work with you to relax your conscious
(or alert) mind and access your subconscious mind. In this way
the therapist can find out more about the emotional factors that
may have influenced the development of a health condition or
how you are feeling emotionally.
Often after your first visit the homeopath will ask to see you again
in a few weeks. During this time you will be given one or several
remedies to take. At the second visit the homeopath will review
your progress and may make slight adjustments to the remedies
you have been taking.
At your first visit, the hypnotherapist will aim to find out as much
as possible about you, including your health and lifestyle. They will
then take you through a relaxation routine. You will be fully clothed
and may be seated in a comfortable chair or lie on a couch. The
therapist will help you to enter a very relaxed or ‘daydream’ state
by using eye contact, relaxing words and/or talking in a calm and
controlled tone of voice. Hypnotherapy aims to make you feel
better by filling the subconscious mind with positive and healing
messages.
There are many homeopaths registered within the NHS and there
are also a number of homeopathic hospitals in the UK. Although
evidence is lacking, homeopathy may help with some of the side
effects of medical treatment. Before trying any remedy, including
over-the-counter homeopathic remedies, it is very important to
consult a professional homeopath as what may work for one
person may not work for another.
‘I always use homoeopathy to support my conventional
treatments. Before my surgeries I consulted my
homoeopath and she prescribed appropriate
remedies to take before during and after treatment.’
Jackie
Hypnotherapy
Hypnosis dates back thousands of years and involves reaching
a deep, natural state of relaxation, which is believed by some to
help the body to achieve healing. Hypnotherapy as it is practised
today was developed in the mid 19th century and uses the power
of the mind to influence physical conditions and emotional issues.
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It is important you feel comfortable with your therapist and are
able to develop a trusting relationship with them. You will still have
complete awareness and control at all times during a session.
In general, hypnotherapy is popular with people who want to stop
smoking, control their weight, overcome a phobia or increase
their overall sense of confidence and wellbeing. It may also be
useful in helping with recovery from surgery, the side effects of
chemotherapy such as nausea and vomiting, and pain relief.
People who find going for body scans and radiotherapy, or having
injections stressful have found that hypnotherapy has increased
their confidence in being able to cope with these situations.
Hypnotherapy may also help with anxiety and depression, and
with coming to terms with a diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Complementary therapies | 27
Reflexology
Reflexology is reported to work by stimulating the nerve endings
in the feet, and sometimes the hands. It was initially proposed by
an American surgeon called Dr William Fitzgerald who believed
that pressure applied to certain parts of the body had a numbing
effect on other parts of the body. He divided the body into ten
zones ending in the hands and feet. Later, a physiotherapist
called Eunice Ingham developed these ideas to show that tension
in certain parts of the feet reflected tension in a related part of the
body. Reflexologists believe that by treating this area of the foot
with finger pressure, the related part of the body could be healed.
A reflexologist will take your medical history before the treatment
begins and will also ask about your lifestyle and emotional health.
After this you will usually be asked to sit in a reclining chair or lie
on a treatment couch. The reflexologist will work on your feet and
ankles with cream, talc or oil, using special finger techniques on
the various zones. Close attention will be paid to the zones in
the feet that relate to an area of the body where you might be
having problems.
‘I firmly believe reflexology helped me through
chemotherapy. My side effects were minimal and my
energy levels remained high. It is non-intrusive at a
time when I was very aware of my body and I had
discomfort following surgery.’
Susan
‘While going through the chemotherapy, the
reflexology allowed me to find a bit of time to relax
and forget about my treatment. It was very relaxing
and gave me something to look forward to. I think
the treatment was very beneficial to me.’
Rachel
‘Reflexology has enabled my whole body
to relax and relieved stress. I actually
fall asleep during my session and I am
totally relaxed for the rest of the day.’
Carol
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Complementary therapies | 29
People often report some form of reaction to the first few
treatments such as needing the toilet more often, feeling very
relaxed and/or tired, or very occasionally developing a rash.
Reflexologists believe that these are signs that the treatment is
working. Up to six weekly sessions followed by several fortnightly
ones will normally be recommended.
Reflexology may be helpful in reducing breathlessness and
nausea, and emotional issues such as anxiety. Some people with
breast cancer who try reflexology say they find it calming and
comforting, and feel it helps to increase a sense of wellbeing.
Yoga, Tai Chi and Chi Gung
Yoga began in India and has developed over several thousands
of years. There are various types of yoga, which mainly involve
physical poses, or exercises, that aim to help the body maintain
or regain emotional, physical and spiritual balance and wellbeing.
Breathing exercises and meditation may also be used, either
alongside exercises or on their own. Yoga can be practised in
classes, one-to-one with a yoga teacher or at home. Depending
on the type you do, yoga can be energetic or gentle and you may
feel full of energy or very relaxed afterwards.
Yoga may help people who have had breast cancer in several
ways. The breathing exercises and meditation can calm the mind
while having medical treatment and the gentle stretching may help
to ease out muscles after surgery. After medical treatment has
finished more physical yoga can be tried to help tone the body
and keep a healthy body weight. This combined with breathing
exercises, meditation and relaxation can help to create a calm
and balanced outlook on life.
Tai Chi is an ancient form of Chinese exercise. It involves slow
and controlled movements, which stretch and tone the body’s
muscles and joints. Deep breathing is practised during the
movements, which is thought to improve circulation and digestion,
exercise the stomach muscles and help with complaints such as
constipation. It is also suggested that the focusing of the mind
involved in Tai Chi, as with yoga, can be very calming.
Call our helpline on 0808 800 6000
30 | Types of complementary therapy
Chi Gung (also spelled Qi Gong) is related to Tai Chi and comes
from a similar background. It also involves breathing exercises
and gentle movements aimed to help the flow of energy, called qi,
around the body. It is thought that Chi Gung may be beneficial to
health by lowering stress levels, promoting activity and improving
both emotional and physical balance.
It is important to remember that yoga, Tai Chi and Chi Gung
involve stretching the arms and shoulders. Therefore anyone
who has had surgery to the lymph glands should go cautiously
to avoid straining the area. While gentle exercise is thought to
be beneficial, if an exercise is painful, particularly to the arm or
shoulder on the side where surgery was performed, then this
should be stopped immediately.
‘I do Tai Chi regularly. It was the only exercise I had the
energy to do while I was on Taxol and Herceptin. I have
continued with it as it enables me to rebuild my energy
while giving gentle exercise.’
Margi
Complementary therapies | 31
A final word on
complementary therapies
Finding the right complementary therapy for you will
depend on what you personally need.
If you are hoping to relieve a specific problem relating to breast
cancer, such as nausea, you may find acupuncture useful. Or,
if you are looking to improve your general health and sense of
wellbeing, you may find yoga or massage more suitable.
It is a good idea to find out as much as possible about what
complementary therapies are available before committing to
a course of treatment. And remember, what suits one person
may not suit another, so you may find a particular therapy is not
working for you. There are plenty of complementary therapies
available and you may find another therapy that meets your needs
or you may decide to stop using them.
‘Initially I used reflexology to control my migraines and
found that very successful. I used to ‘know’ when I
needed another session of reflexology. I was aware of
the lack of energy within my body.’
Susan
‘I had not experienced any form of complementary
therapy before my diagnosis of cancer. Having received
and enjoyed therapies I have noticed a huge difference
in my general wellbeing. I would recommend others to
give it a go.’
Carol
Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk
Call our helpline on 0808 800 6000
32 | A final word on complementary therapies
If you are having conventional medical treatment for breast
cancer, it is important to let your specialist team know about
any complementary therapies you are thinking about trying,
including food supplements. It is just as important to let any
complementary therapist you visit know about your breast
cancer history.
Remember to ask the therapist about their qualifications and
experience and check they have insurance (any professional
therapist will have this).
It is very important to choose a therapist who is registered with a
regulatory body as these bodies specify training and codes of
conduct. A qualified, registered and experienced complementary
therapist may be more likely to understand how to treat someone
with breast cancer, and as a result you may feel more confident
with the therapy you have chosen.
Complementary therapies can be a source of comfort and relief
when coming to terms with the physical and the emotional issues
that a diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer may raise. So
with the right therapy and therapist you may find, as many people
do, that complementary therapies can offer much needed extra
support – before, during and after your conventional medical
treatment for breast cancer.
‘I now understand the need to take a bit of time out for
myself. I still use relaxation at home and occasionally
go for reflexology.’
Rachel
‘I don’t think any treatment can take away the
emotional effects of having breast cancer, but I think
they can help you deal with it better by giving you more
command of the situation.’
Dorothy
Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk
Complementary therapies | 33
Further support
Breast Cancer Care
From diagnosis, throughout treatment and beyond, our services
are here every step of the way. Here is an overview of all the
services we offer to people living with and beyond breast cancer.
Helpline
Our free, confidential helpline is here for anyone who has
questions about breast cancer or breast health. Your call will be
answered by one of our nurses or trained staff members with
experience of breast cancer. Whatever your concern, you can be
confident we will understand the issues you might be facing, and
that the information you receive is clear and up-to-date. We will
also let you know where else you can go for further support.
Website
We know how important it is to understand as much as possible
about your breast cancer. Our website is here round-the-clock
giving you instant access to information when you need it. As well
as clinical information, you’ll find real life experiences and a daily
newsblog on stories about breast cancer in the media. It’s also
home to the largest online breast cancer community in the UK, so
you can share your questions or concerns with other people in a
similar situation.
One-to-one support
Our One-to-one support service can put you in touch with
someone who knows what you’re going through. Just tell us
what you’d like to talk about (the shock of your diagnosis,
understanding treatment options or your feelings after finishing
treatment, for example), and we can find someone who’s right
for you. Our experienced volunteers give you the chance to talk
openly away from family and friends.
Call our helpline on 0808 800 6000
34 | Further support
Telephone support groups
Telephone support groups offer the chance to be part of a regular
support group which you can join easily by phone. The group is
professionally run to provide a safe place where you can share
experiences and gain support from others in a similar situation.
A specialist nurse is also on hand to answer any questions you
may have.
Discussion forums
Through our discussion forums you can exchange tips on
coping with the side effects of treatment, ask questions, share
experiences and talk through concerns online. Our dedicated
areas for popular topics should make it easy for you to find the
information you’re looking for. The discussion forums are
easy-to-use and professionally hosted. If you’re feeling anxious or
just need to hear from someone else who’s been there, they offer
a way to gain support and reassurance from others in a similar
situation to you.
Live chat
We host weekly Live chat sessions on our website, offering you
a private space to discuss your concerns with others – getting
instant responses to messages and talking about issues that are
important to you. Each session is professionally facilitated and
there’s a specialist nurse on hand to answer questions.
Complementary therapies | 35
We also offer a HeadStrong service where you can find
alternatives to a wig and meet other people who understand the
distress of losing your hair. Our Younger women’s forums, Living
with secondary breast cancer courses and SECA support groups
for people with secondary breast cancer are also here to offer
specific, tailored support.
Information resources
Our free information resources for anyone affected by breast
cancer include factsheets, booklets and DVDs. They are here to
answer your questions, help you make informed decisions and
ensure you know what to expect. All of our information is written
and reviewed regularly by healthcare professionals and people
affected by breast cancer, so you can trust the information is
up-to-date, clear and accurate. You can order our publications by
using our order form, which can be requested from the helpline.
All our publications can also be downloaded from our website.
Other organisations
Cancer organisations
Breast Cancer Haven Head Office
Effie Road, London SW6 1TB
Ask the nurse
Telephone: 020 7384 0099
Website: www.breastcancerhaven.org.uk
Email: [email protected]
Information and support sessions and courses
Provides support, information and complementary therapies
to help anyone affected by breast cancer to cope with the
psychological impact of diagnosis as well as to help relieve the
uncomfortable side effects of some medical treatments such as
chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its services are free of charge to
anyone affected by breast cancer.
If you find it difficult to talk about breast cancer, we can answer
your questions by email instead. Our Ask the nurse service is
available on the website – complete a short form that includes
your question and we’ll get back to you with a confidential,
personal response.
We run Moving Forward information and support sessions for
people living with and beyond breast cancer. These sessions
cover a range of topics including adjusting and adapting after
a breast cancer diagnosis, exercise and keeping well, and
menopause. In addition, we offer Lingerie evenings where you
will learn more about choosing a bra after surgery.
Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk
Call our helpline on 0808 800 6000
36 | Further support
Cavendish Cancer Care
The Cavendish Centre, 27 Wilkinson Street, Sheffield
South Yorkshire S10 2GB
Complementary therapies | 37
Penny Brohn Cancer Care
(formerly Bristol Cancer Help Centre)
Chapel Pill Lane, Pill, Bristol BS20 0HH
Reception telephone: 0114 278 4600
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.cavcare.org.uk
Helpline: 0845 123 23 10
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.pennybrohncancercare.org
Offers free supportive care, assessment, counselling and a range
of complementary therapies to anyone who has a diagnosis of
cancer, as well as to their carers and families whose lives are
affected by cancer.
Offers two- and five-day residential courses (led by doctors and
therapists) for people with cancer and their supporters offering
counselling, relaxation, guided imagery, meditation, art and music
therapy, healing and advice on nutrition. Helpline offers emotional
support, and information on finding complementary therapists
and support in your area.
Macmillan Cancer Support
89 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7UQ
General enquiries: 020 7840 7840
Helpline: 0808 808 00 00
Website: www.macmillan.org.uk
Textphone: 0808 808 0121 or Text Relay
Macmillan Cancer Support provides practical, medical, emotional
and financial support to people living with cancer and their carers
and families. Over the phone, its cancer support specialists can
answer questions about cancer types and treatments, provide
practical and financial support to help people live with cancer,
and are there if someone just wants to talk. Its website features
expert, high-quality information on cancer types and treatments,
emotional, financial and practical help, and an online community
where people can share information and support. Macmillan also
funds expert health and social care professionals such as nurses,
doctors and benefits advisers.
New Approaches to Cancer
PO Box 194, Chertsey, Surrey KT16 0WJ
Telephone: 0800 389 2662
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.anac.org.uk
Information and referral service directing people to their nearest
sources of help through a network of support groups and
practitioners.
Complementary therapy organisations
Association of Reflexologists
5 Fore St, Taunton, Somerset TA1 1HX
Telephone: 01823 351010
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.aor.org.uk
Provides information, news, training and a register of qualified
practitioners.
Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk
Call our helpline on 0808 800 6000
38 | Further support
British Acupuncture Council (BAcC)
63 Jeddo Road, London W12 9HQ
Telephone: 020 8735 0400
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.acupuncture.org.uk
Provides information on acupuncture and a list of professional
practitioners.
British Complementary Medicine Association (BCMA)
Complementary therapies | 39
British Homeopathic Association
Hahnemann House, 29 Park Street West
Luton LU1 3BE
Telephone: 01582 408675
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.bristishhomeopathic.org
Provides information and a directory of homeopaths. Produces a
booklet called ‘How to get homeopathic treatment on the NHS’
and a quarterly magazine.
PO Box 5122, Bournemouth BH8 0WG
Telephone: 0845 345 5977
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.bcma.co.uk
Umbrella organisation. Produces a guide and a code of conduct
for practitioners, and holds a register of practitioners.
British Medical Acupuncture Society
BMAS House, 3 Winnington Court, Northwich
Cheshire CW8 1AQ
Telephone: 01606 786782
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.medical-acupuncture.co.uk
British Herbal Medicine Association
Provides acupuncture information and news, and a list of
members who are all registered medical practitioners.
Tel: 0845 680 1134
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.bhma.info
British Society of Clinical and Academic Hypnosis
Provides an information service and publications on herbal
medicine.
Telephone: 0844 884 3116
Website: www.bscah.com
British Holistic Medical Association
Provides a referral list. All practitioners are from medical,
psychological, dental or nursing backgrounds.
PO Box 583, Exeter EX1 9GX
PO Box 371, Bridgwater
Somerset TA6 9BG
Inspiration House, Redbrook Grove
Sheffield S20 6RR
Telephone: 01278 722 000
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.bhma.org
Provides information and produces self-help tapes, booklets and
a quarterly magazine.
Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk
Call our helpline on 0808 800 6000
40 | Further support
Complementary therapies | 41
Federation of Holistic Therapists (FHT)
National Institute of Medical Herbalists
Telephone: 0844 875 20 22
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.fht.org.uk
Telephone: 01392 426022
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.nimh.org.uk
Represents professional therapists who are qualified in a diverse
range of therapies, including massage, aromatherapy, reflexology
and reiki. Holds a register of therapists.
Produces information, training and a register of qualified
medical herbalists.
18 Shakespeare Business Centre, Hathaway Close
Eastleigh, Hampshire SO50 4SR
Institute for Complementary and Natural Medicine
Can-Mezzanine, 32–36 Loman Street
London SE1 0EH
Telephone: 0207 922 7980
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.icnm.org.uk
Provides information, training and a register of professional
practitioners.
International Federation of Professional
Aromatherapists (IFPA)
82 Ashby Road, Hinckley
Leicestershire LE10 1SN
Telephone: 01455 637987
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.ifparoma.org
Provides information and a register of professional
aromatherapists.
Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk
Elm House, 54 Mary Arches Street
Exeter EX4 3BA
Natural Health Advisory Service
PO Box 117, Rottingdean, Brighton
East Sussex, BN51 9BG
Telephone: 01273 609 699
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.naturalhealthas.com
Offers specific dietary, nutrition and exercise advice for women
about pre-menstrual syndrome, menopausal symptoms,
prevention of osteoporosis and other hormone-related problems.
Therapies United
35 Balgreen Avenue, The Courtyard
Edinburgh EH12 5SX
Telephone: 0131 337 1890
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.therapiesunited.com
Information and free register of complementary therapists who
are screened for credentials and have experience of working
with people with cancer. Discounted rates for people with breast
cancer. Low income sessions also available.
Call our helpline on 0808 800 6000
42 | Further support
The Register of Chinese Herbal Medicine
Office 5, 1 Exeter Street, Norwich NR2 4QB
Complementary therapies | 43
Notes
Telephone: 01603 623994
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.rchm.co.uk
Provides information, news and a list of member practitioners.
The Society of Homeopaths
11 Brookfield, Duncan Close, Moulton Park
Northampton NN3 6WL
Telephone: 0845 450 6611
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.homeopathy-soh.org
Provides information leaflets, news, a register of members and
a newsletter.
Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk
Call our helpline on 0808 800 6000
44 | Further support
Notes
Complementary therapies | 45
Find out more
We offer a range of services to people affected by breast cancer.
From diagnosis, through treatment and beyond, our services are
here every step of the way.
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services, please choose from the list overleaf, complete your contact
details and return to us at the FREEPOST address or order online at
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To make a donation please complete your details overleaf and return
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It is also available in Braille or on audio CD on request
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in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the publishers.
Breast Cancer Care is here for anyone affected
by breast cancer. We bring people together,
provide information and support, and campaign
for improved standards of care. We use our
understanding of people’s experience of breast
cancer and our clinical expertise in everything we do.
Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk or call our
free helpline on 0808 800 6000 (Text Relay 18001).
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© Breast Cancer Care, November 2009, BCC55
ISBN 978 1 907001 19 2
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