How to use safety belts for children (Copenhagen, IDA Automotive)
Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport (Copenhagen, IDA Automotive) How to use safety belts for children Farid Bendjellal, BRITAX Group 17 June 2014 Contents I. Important crash configurations involving children II. Child safety seats categories III. Vehicle safety belt & child restraint (4 years +) IV. Regulatory requirements for approving child seats in cars V. Children in coaches: example of R&D program in Spain VI. Conclusion 2 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen I. Important crash configurations involving children ALL IMPACTS Severe INJURIES FRONTAL IMPACT Moderate to severe INJURIES 11% 10% 24% 37% 36% Front Impact Side Impact Multiple Impacts Neck 5% Chest 5% Abdomen Rear Impact 19% Head Pelvis 20% 7% 26% 1. Frontal Impact: 1 out of 3 crashes 2. Side Impact: 1 out of 5 3. Head: #1 injured body segment 3 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Upper Limbs Lower limbs Gidas Germany 1999 - 2009 data German In-depth Accident Analysis Area around Dresden and Hannover I. Important crash configurations involving children Real World Accident Expert & Medical Report s Test protocol 4 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Accident Scenario Virtual Reconstruction I. Important crash configurations involving children 5 Frontal impact Side impact Rear impact Roll over F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen I. Important crash configurations involving children Front structure absorbs crash energy – Occupant space saved 6 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Side structure absorbs minor part of crash energy – Nearside occupant too close to intrusion I. Important crash configurations involving children High Misuse Rate Increasing Injury Frequency Infant carriers Harnessed Seat Group 1, Convertible Booster Seats • Head is exposed as a result of carrier or the head contacting the car interior (front seat back) Harnessed Seats • Head and upper and lower limbs exposed due to contacts with car interior Combination Seats • In addition to head , abdomen is exposed due to direct loading from the car belt • Head, upper and lower limbs exposed due to contact with car interior • Chest and abdomen more exposed with booster cushions and adult belt, because of direct belt loading • Abdomen is exposed due to direct loading from the car belt Frequency and severity of injuries 7 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Source: European Enhanced Vehicle Safety Committee low mid high II. Child safety seats categories Classifications of Child Seats: Mass Groups (ECE R44/04 EU Regulation for child seats) In general combined: Group 2/3 Mass (approximate age) Group 0 up to 10kg (to 9 months) Group 0+ up to 13kg (to 18 months) Group I 9-18 kg (9 months – 3 ½ years) Group II 15-25 kg (3 to 7 years) Group III 22-36 kg (6 to 12 years) Combined Mass Groups : 0/1 ; 0/2 The most popular groups 8 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen III. Vehicle safety belt & child restraint (4 years +) Why kids need booster? Key role of a booster Child‘s pelvic anatomy differs from the adult‘s one: Iliac wing height smaller and more deformable structure, belt may slip over the pelvis and loads directly the abdomen 9 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Proper routing of the lap belt and maintaining the belt in the thighs III. Vehicle safety belt & child restraint (4 years +) Investigation: installation tests of children in 3 types of cars Installation in 3 different car categorises: • Compact car FIAT 500 2011 • Mid range car VW Golf VI 2011 • Van VW Sharan 2011 Installation with children in 3 different size range • 1,05m / 4,5 years / 20kg / Female • 1,40m / 9 years / 34kg / Female • 1,47m / 9 years / 35,5kg / Female Booster with backrest and Booster only 10 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Belt Routing│ 1,05m / 4,5 years / 20kg / Female Booster with backrest Compact Car 11 Mid Range Car F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Van Belt Routing│ 1,40m / 9 years / 34kg / Female Booster with backrest Compact Car 12 Mid Range Car F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Van Belt Routing│ 1,47m / 9 years / 35,5kg / Female Booster with backrest Compact Car 13 Mid Range Car F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Van Belt Routing│ 1,40m / 9 years / 34kg / Female Booster only Compact Car 14 Mid Range Car F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Van Belt Routing│ 1,47m / 9 years / 35,5kg / Female Booster only Compact Car 15 Mid Range Car F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen Van IV. Regulatory requirements for approving child seats in cars Vehicles + Child seats Approval system UN ECE R16 16 UN ECE R14 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen UN ECE R44 IV. Regulatory requirements for approving child seats in cars 17 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen V. Children in coaches: example of R&D program in Spain 18 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen V. Children in coaches: example of R&D program in Spain http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/doc/2008/wp29grsp/GRSP-44-29e.pdf 19 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen V. Children in coaches: example of R&D program in Spain 20 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen VI. Conclusions Recommendations for securing children 4 years + in coaches Key problem to solve: control occupant displacement in real world crashes Avoid occupant ejection in frontal and rollover crashes Belt geometry that ensures proper restraint in those crash situations Booster seat cushion appears to be a reasonable solution Need for a European wide standard to implement harmonized solutions 21 F. Bendjellal_Conference: Safety belts in passenger transport, IDA Automotive, Copenhagen
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