1. education
2. distance learning

An Overview of E-Learning
From IT Vision
Dr. Eng. Salah Badr
CIO, Ministry of Health and Population
Head of Central Administration for
National Information Center for health and Population
What is e-learning?




Delivery of learning, training or education programs by
electronic means.*
Involves the use of a computer or electronic device (e.g.:
mobile phone) in some way to provide training,
educational or learning material.
May involve a greater variety of equipment than online
training or education, for as the name implies, "online"
involves using the Internet or an Intranet. CD-ROM and
DVD materials may also be used.
Blended learning is e-learning combined with other
training methods.
What is e-Learning?
•
•
E-learning can also be described as the automation of
the processes of learning and training through the use
of information technology
The basic processes in a learning system is intuitive –
there is nothing “e” about them:
• Content (learning and training materials) is created
• Content is stored and distributed
• Learners, instructors, and mentors interact with
each other and with the content
• Resources are allocated, fees are paid, results are
recorded, classes are filled, credit is assigned, and
certification is acquired- i.e. learning is managed
What is e-Learning?
•
•
•
E-learning systems are made of components that
support the previous processes using Information
technology
For example:
• HTML authoring tool supports content creation
• A test bank is a content storage and distribution
device
• A system for keeping track of users is a learning
management component
The figure on the next slide lists the main components
of current e-learning systems according to the four
basic processes they support.
Components View of eLearning
1. Content Creation
- Multimedia, HTML, XML
authoring tools
- Learning content authoring
and assembly tools
- Simulation authoring system
-
3. Interaction
Content “Players”
E-mail, chats, whiteboards
Test engines
“Real time” collaborative env.
Simulation environments
-
2. Storage & Distribution
Content repository
Web & multimedia servers
test banks
knowledge Management system
Learning catalogs
4. Learning Management
-
Learner profile repositories
Enrolment systems
Registrar systems
Business rule managers
Resource managers
E-Learning application services
•
•
Another way to look at an e-learning system is as a
collection of components that provide each other with
services
For example:
• A content repository might provide a “search and
discovery service” that allow other components to
submit a search string and get back a list of matching
contents.
• A content assembly tool might use this service to find
objects for assembly
• A learning catalog might use it to find courses to offer
• The figure on the next slide show some of the basic
services provided by the types of e-learning system
components.
Services View of eLearning
1. Content Creation
- Package and export contents
for other components
- Provide description of contents
- Obtain a review of newly
created content
2. Storage & Distribution
- Search and discovery of content
objects
- Serve content upon request.
- Check for authority to deliver
content
- Assign and track versions of
contents
3. Interaction
- Provide learners with
navigation aids
- Create a collaborative work
space
- Offer email or chat
- Deliver an instance of a
randomized test
- Report results
4. Learning Management
- Create or update a learner profile
- Authenticate user and protect
against security threats
-Assign credit or certification
- Schedule resources
Advantages of eLearning
social
collaborative
learning
cost-effective
easy
distribution
accessibility
usability
customizable
up-to-date
content
multimediality
learner-centred
Components of eLearning
Development of content
Let's create content
reusable
Reusable
Learning Objects
(RLOs)‫‏‬
stand-alone
digital
web-based
interactive
granular
Components of eLearning
Management of content
Let's make content available

portals

digital library repositories

LMS (Learning Management System)

VLE (Virtual learning environment)
e.g. Blackboard or Moodle
invaluable aid not only to deliver but also to track learners
achievements and facilitate social learning
Components of eLearning
Delivery of content
Let's communicate content
 Synchronous:
real-time communication, all learners receive
content simultaneously;
(e.g. Connect, Breeze, Elluminate, Wimba Live Classroom, chats)‫‏‬
 Asynchronous:
learners are responsible for pacing their own
self-instruction and learning;
(e.g. emails, blogs, wikis, Web 2.0, Blackboard VLE)‫‏‬
Components of eLearning
Standardization of content
Let's share and reuse content
Standards are crucial as they promote:
 Compatibility
 Usability
 Interoperability
SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model);
MedBiquitous – development of SCORM-compliant specifications for medical
education.
E-learning process
eMedical Education
eLearning
Knowledge
convergence
'just-in-time' & 'just-for-you'
Attitudes
Skills
possibilities for
human interaction
virtual reality
simulations
eFuture Medical Education
Learning2.0
problem-based
learning
case-based
online
discussions
role-play
simulations
(Second Life)‫‏‬
ePortfolios
P2P
reviews
virtual
education
(IVIMEDS)‫‏‬
online
groups
eFuture Medical Education
mLearning
smartphones
laptops
PDAs
(e.g. iPhone,
iPad,
iPod, Kindle)‫‏‬
Ubiquitous
'just-in-time'
&
'just-for-you'
Adaptive Learning
CPD
Conclusion
Ideal Development of eLearning
engaging with people through technology
 learner-centred;
 accessibility/usability;
 teachers as facilitators;
 adaptive learning;
 social and collaborative learning;
 reflective learning;
 virtual learning;
 mobile learning;
 self-assessment;
 formative assessment;
 sustainable development.
Adoption of e-learning
In
Healthcare Industry
Components of e-learning
e-learning is the use of
technology and services
to deliver a curricula and,
ultimately, to facilitate
learning.
Technology
Curriculum
Services
History‫‏‬of‫‏‬the‫“‏‬Learning‫‏‬Profession”
WHERE WE CAME FROM ….

Pre 1979, everything was piled under one big huge
umbrella called
“TRAINING”
WHERE WE ARE TODAY …

Post 1979, a new concept was evolving called
“HUMAN RESOURCES”
E-Learning Standards

AICC
 SCORM
 Synchronous/Asynchronous
 Section 508
 21 CFR Part 11
Training Delivery Methods 20052008
Who Uses E-Learning?
Why e-Learning?
In every stage, e-learning
positively impacts workforce
excellence.
Excellence
Retention and Growth
• Competency mastery and
recognition
• Coaching and mentoring
• Creating a learning community
Employee Satisfaction
• Flexible access to training
opportunities
• Cycle time for retooling skills
• Access to best practices information
Recruitment
• New recruits lack certain skills
• Speed to baseline competency
• Orientation learning curve
Excellence
Delivering
Education
e-Learning is a
tool used within
each point of the
education process
and
powerfully
coordinates the
organization.
Workforce
Planning
Excellence
Performance
Metrics
Reporting and
Feedback
Implementation
e-learning
Assignment
Training
Evaluation
Types of Learning
Technologies
Delivery
Building Workforce Excellence
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Healthcare Organization and Education Issues
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Pr epar ed n ess
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Effectiveness
Online Continuing Education
• Equal or Higher Quality of Learning
• Time Savings of 40-60%
• 30% Increase in Learning Retention
Brandon Hall,
Study Reported in Web-Based Training Cookbook (1997)
Cost Efficiencies
(in thousands)
$4,000
$3,500
$3,000
$2,500
$2,000
Live Training
$1,500
Online
Training
0
$1,000
$500
$0
Pe
o
rs
Needham & Company, Inc.
September, 2000
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e-Learning Outcomes
Southern Hills Medical Center
With e-learning, reduced employee time to complete
annual regulatory training requirements.
As‫‏‬an‫‏‬example,‫‏‬HealthStream’s‫‏‬study‫‏‬showed‫‏‬that‫‏‬
Southern Hills nurses reduced training time on average
more than 2 hours. With 250 nurses, that represents 500
patient care hours.
- Excerpt from HealthStream study
Trends in e-learning
Trend #1:
For Healthcare, the top priorities for 2009 are:
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Clinical staff training
Improving program effectiveness
Integrating performance management /
competency management initiatives
Source: Bersin & Associates, 2008.
Trend #2:
Training Supports Strategic Goals
Status of training in
hospitals is increasing—as
workforce development is
linked to improved patient
care.
Nursing Research, Jan-Feb
2008
Online education program
improved cardiac
examination skills better
than clinical training alone.
Journal of Hospital Medicine,
April 2008
In 2008, healthcare
organizations spent an average
of $549 per learner, down from
$707 in 2007.
The average number of training
staff per thousand learners has
also declined over the past year,
from 7.3 staff members per
thousand learners to 4.7.
Training Spending Per
Learner by Industry
Training Staff per 1,000
Learners by Industry
Trend #3:
Patient Safety Drives Demand for Training
Physicians, pharmacists, and
nurses rate education as the #1
factor for having an impact on
patient safety in hospitals.
American Journal of Infection
Control, Feb. 2006
Infections decreased from 7.8 to
2.3 per 1,000 patients following
nurse education program in
pediatric cardiac ICU.
Pediatrics, May 2008
Trend #4
Future‫‏‬of‫‏‬the‫“‏‬Learning‫‏‬Profession”
WHERE ARE WE GOING … ?
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
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Podcasts
Pod=iPod / cast=broadcast, aka webcasts, netcasts, learncasts
Send audio/visual content over the internet for portable playback on an iPod or a PC. It’s known
as a form of “Edutainment”
Strengths: replay anytime, anyplace, good quality imaging/sound
Wiki
“Wiki wiki” means __________????
A web page that can be viewed and modified by anybody who is provided access. Provide
asynchronous communication and collaboration.
Strengths: allows for collaboration, simplicity
Weaknesses: Control of Content
Blogs
Web+log = Blog
Website that contains chronological, dated entries about a given topic. Some blogs allow for
comments and feedback. They often contain links to other sites. Blogs reflect the voice of the
writer. They can offer discussion forums, provide explanation, how to instructions. They can easily
be updated and can therefore contain current information.
Communities
Trend #5:
Across Industries, Building Competencies is
Driving Executive Development
Business Drivers for Executive Development
% of Companies
Business Drivers
13%
17%
21%
38%
39%
44%
59%
69%
Compete in the Market
Increase Retention of Executives
Prepare for Retirements of Existing Executives
Improve Corporate Performance
Business Growth
Improve Creation and Execution of Business Strategies
Succession Planning (upward movement)
Build Competencies; Close Gaps (in existing roles)
(Bersin & Associates April 2008)
Trend #6:
JCAHO Competency Requirements Influence
Training Demand
―Competence to perform job
responsibilities is assessed,
demonstrated, and maintained.‖
JCAHO Standard HR.3.10
Learning outcomes are
increasingly tracked & related
to core skill competencies.
Orthopedic Nursing, May/June,
2006
Trend #7:
Content continues to improve
Leading professional association
content is starting to go online.
Courseware is more interactive
& engaging.
Courseware is ―chunked‖ into
just-in-time modules, optimizing
adult learning principles
New pedagogies enhance
critical thinking
Trend #8:
Rapid content development & distribution is on the rise
Across industries,
education managers
report that 94% of their
training programs are
time critical.
Create
Publish
Bersin & Associates, December,
2005
View
Trend #9:
Community of Educators Lead Innovation
Northeast Georgia Health System –
Leveraging competency program to bridge
research and learning
Greenville Health System – Simulation Center
Tenet Healthcare – MedSurg Program in
development
Trend #10:
Per Employee Expenditures are
Down
(1) Training expenditures per employee in healthcare
$549 (2008) $707 (2007) $923 (2006)
(2) Training investments per employee in healthcare
1.55% of payroll (healthcare) compared to 2.15% of payroll (across all
industries)
(3) Training hours per employee in healthcare
31.2 hours (healthcare) compared to 37.4 (average across industries)
(4) Cost per learning hour in healthcare
$1,387 (healthcare) compared to $1,660 (average across industries)
(5) Across all industries, online learning (vs. live) remains constant around 32%.
The percentage for healthcare is right at the industry average at approximately
32%.
Open‫‏‬Discussion‫‏‬Items‫…‏‬

What are you currently doing with e-Learning?

What new technology/courses/processes have you added in recent
months/years?

What new “ways” have worked well/what has been most challenging?

Are you using webinars, blogs, wikis?

How do you share information among your peers at your facility,
regionally, across the country, worldwide?

What is on the horizon for you in terms of new types of training?
Thank you
e-Learning Ladder