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Effective Implementation
of Safety & Health
Management System (SHMS)
Sanjeev Baliyan
Regional HSSE Manager –Asia Pacific (GF)
Shell Eastern Petroleum
What is SHMS or SMS?
• A systematic approach for managing Human &
Organizational risks
• System to reduce costs in long term through
proactive management of risk
• System to reduce injuries through effective
implementation of risk control measures
• Road map for an organization for measuring,
monitoring and improving on its performance
What is it not (and what it should
not be)
• An administrative exercise
• Just a sense for compliance with law
• Just another company document
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Why we need SHMS?
• Primarily
• To prevent injuries and
• To reduce operating cost
• Secondarily
• To comply with legal requirements
• To satisfy business needs
• To meet customer requirements
Is your current HSE-MS effective
to prevent incidents?
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How Accidents can occurred, if we
have ‘everything’ in place?
Someone Fail to
- Contribute
- Intervene
- Comply with
Rules
- Understand
- Observe
- Feel the need
- Act in time
- Be mindful
- Communicate
- Supervise
- Report & React
- Realize the
seriousness
- Take proactive
action
Typical SHMS framework
Key to success
Shell HSE-MS Framework
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Current practice of SHMS
Majority of companies have developed and implemented SHMS,
but not able to get the desired outcome (reduced injury and cost)
Missing links
Why?
Current Issues with SHMS
Implementation?
• Same nature of accidents are repeating over time
(e.g. Flash fire, Explosion, Falling from height etc)
• Presence of SHMS is not able to improve the
performance further ‘significantly’
(e.g. Accident frequency and severity is not decreasing over time)
• No improvements in work practices adoption by
workers
(e.g. no reduction in number of Unsafe Conditions and Unsafe Acts)
• Risk Management does not seems to be giving
desired outcome
• Low acceptance by workforce on its effectiveness
• Presence of Systemic Organizational Weaknesses
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Systemic organizational weaknesses?
Where the accidents comes from?
• Systemic organizational weaknesses
directly account for 4% accident only.
• Indirectly, systemic Organizational
weaknesses are account for 96% of
accidents
• They have great impact on directing the
workers behavior, workplace condition
and culture
• They are root cause for almost all the
major accidents
• Systemic weaknesses
•
Latent Conditions, LC
(management decisions, Finance,
culture, support)
•
Pre Conditions, PC (lack of
control, enforcement etc)
•
Active Conditions, AC (SOP
not followed, required checks not
(Organizational)
systemic
weaknesses
Dupont Study form Safety culture
and Effective Safety Management
Critical weaknesses in any SHMS
• Poor Risk Management exercise (PC)
•
Hazard poorly identified
•
Weak or irrelevant control measures
• Ineffective Safety Checklist/PTW (AC/LC)
•
Not designed for task specific (Generic or irrelevant)
•
Just a document completing exercise
• Inadequate Training (PC)
•
On use and importance of checklist, hazard, control etc.
•
On Following the Method of statement (SOP)
• Inappropriate Safety Operating Procedures (PC)
•
Not well written (too lengthy, not to the point)
•
Not consulted with supervisors or workers
•
Not addressing hazards and control measures
• Lack of integration of human factors/behaviors (LC)
• Inherent (organizational)systemic weaknesses
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Some other weaknesses in SHMS
• Missing link among SHMS elements
• Lack of planning and preparation at development stage
• Poor communication with workers about hazard, risk and
control measures
• Lack of sincerity and dedication of Front Line Management in
improving system
• Little or no effort to review and change the processes
• Lack of acceptance of responsibilities and accountability by
Line Mangers, Supervisors and Workers
• Inadequate measurement and monitoring of SHMS
effectiveness
• Ineffective enforcement at all the levels
Poor Risk Management Exercise
Serves no propose to control risk!
Hazard not clear
cause error in severity
Inadequate preventive
measure
Work activity and
hazard not related
Wrong interpretation
of control measure
All key hazardous
activities not identified
Wrong values for
severity and likelihood
Same hazard
Different severity
Mother hood statement
In control measure
Control measures not
linked to hazard
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Safety Checklist/PTW’s
Another paper filling exercise?
• Is it understood by end user
(workers and supervisors)
Common Weaknesses in
Checklist/PTW’s:
• Is it well tested before
implementation?
1.Too complicated
• Does it contains all required
checks needed?
3.Just a compliance with law
• Who will ensure the compliance?
• Is there any cross functional
check available for high risk
activities (e.g. gas testing by 2
personnel)
• Does it includes check for all
control measures and behaviors?
• Competency of user?
2.Not understood by users
4.A ‘Mindset’ of paper filling
exercise
5.Not implemented effectively
and efficiently
6.Do not have cross functional
checks
7.‘Quality of testing’ is an
issue of great concern, where
test required
Remember: Compliance Program do not determine operating standards
Safe Operating Procedure (SOP)
• Who has written it?
• Who will use it?
• Is all hazard identified and
addressed?
• Is all associated risk and control
measures included?
• Who will ensure the compliance
and follow up on it?
• Who is responsible for
implementation and use?
• Is well written and
understandable by end user?
• Has proper engagement and
training been conducted?
5 page SOP for
Aerobridge
• Is available to users all the time? operation???
• Is it task/activity specific?
• Is Human factor/behavior given
due consideration in process?
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What is need for effectiveness?
•Leadership
• Goal Zero vision
• Small Changes for Big
Difference
• Continual review of system
• Workforce knowledge,
awareness
• Visible Actions
• Proactive Approach
• Changed mind set at all levels
• Strict Enforcement and
Implementations
• Intervention
• Monitoring of Performance
Value Added Concept: A new approach
• Identify and characterize the
root, accident causing factors
• Select the realistic control
measures for visible and invisible
hazards
• Evaluate the (EEV Test)
Effectiveness
Efficiency and
Value addition
•If control measure do not pass
through, then review until it fit on
the EEV test
• Any safety initiative must be
shown to yield benefits
• Every control measure in place
must add value
• Decision for control measure
must be based on EEV test
Article by Sanjeev Baliyan in SISO magazine ‘Safety Matters’
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Value Added Concept for
SHMS
If a company has SHMS
then it must be
Accidnets/ Fatalities/injuries/ Damages
Non-complinace of WSH law
'High Risk Organisation'
(Unable to sustain for long term in business)
Effective (must serve
its purpose)
•
Efficient (must produce
results) and
•
Add value (through
reducing accidents and
cost)
Compliance with WSH law
'Medium Risk Organisation'
Wil sustain in business with cost
(Compliace costs 90% of total safety spendings)
Safe Conditions
(60-70% of safety issues)
Someone doing something
•
not doing something
Unsafe Conditions
(30-40% of safety issues)
Created by unsafe acts Created by system, process
You can achieve
improvements
without any
additional
or little cost!
Value Added Safety application zone
From Safety Matters, Value Added Safety: An approach toward zero cost and accident free workplace
Effective Implementation of SHMS!
Only well designed
SHMS can effectively
implemented
• Identify and remove the
systemic weaknesses
• Conduct systematic and realistic
risk assessment
• Develop and use checklist/PTW
specific to activity hazards and
control measures
• Cross functional supervision for
implementation
• Write correct and precise SOP
• Integrate human factor into
SHMS at all levels
• Educate and trained users
• Implement and enforce
effectively
• Monitor, test and refined
procedures and practices, if
weaknesses observed
• Take feasible, realistic and EEV
tested actions
• Get audited to determine the
deficiencies (just not to comply
or maintain certification)
• Conduct realistic and open
management review
• Record and analyze all the Near
misses, Unsafe Acts & Unsafe
Conditions
• Raise and monitor competency
level of users and supervisors
•specific hazards
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Essential Features of an Effective,
Efficient and Value Added SHMS
• Visible
• Sound
• Line Management
• Competent
• High & well
understood
• Measure
• Realistic
• Independent
• Effective
• Thorough (to
determine root cause)
• Effective
An Effective SOP
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Integration of Human Factor
(behavior) into SHMS!
• How we are doing currently?
Without due consideration and integration of human behavior
into SHMS.
• How it should be, to be
effective?
Human behavior (actions) must be given same level of
consideration as Process (work and working environment) at
all levels, while
•
Conducting Risk assessment (Behavioral Risk in control
measures)
•
Developing SOP (Behavior observation)
•
Preparing checklist/PTW (Behavior checks)
Integrating HF and establish links
• Hazard related to human behavior (ignorance,
violation, manipulation, competency etc)
• Links between Hazards, control measures, procedures,
policies etc.)
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SHMS performance measurement!
Essential for improvement.
Critical success Factors
Success will not come from what SHMS have or what it does not, but it will come from
how effectively SHMS requirements are Adopted. Implemented and Enforced
Sanjeev Baliyan
100% compliance
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E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
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