2013 REPORT OF THE FOURTH GOVERNMENTAL MEETING ON URBAN AIR QUALITY IN
2013 REPORT OF THE FOURTH GOVERNMENTAL MEETING ON URBAN AIR QUALITY IN ASIA 6 February 2013, Bangkok, Thailand Participants of the Fourth Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality in Asia ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AAQ AAQGV AQ AQI AQM CAAP CCAC Clean Air Asia CO DENR DOE DSS EANET IGES Joint Forum LTV NAAQS NOx O3 OAP PCD PM10 PM2.5 RRC.AP RSPM SEI Sida SLCP SO2 SOx SPM TAP UNEP WHO Ambient air quality AAQ guideline value Air quality Air quality index/indices Air quality management Clean Air Action Plan Climate and Clean Air Coalition Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Carbon monoxide Department of Environment and Natural Resources Department of Environment Dust and sandstorm Acid Deposition Monitoring Network of East Asia Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Joint Forum on Atmospheric Environment in Asia and the Pacific Long Term Vision on Urban Air Quality in Asia National Ambient Air Quality Standards Nitrogen oxide Ozone Outdoor air pollution Pollution Control Department Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less Particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 microns or less Regional Resource Center for Asia and the Pacific Respirable suspended particulate matter Stockholm Environment Institute Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Short-lived climate pollutants Sulfur dioxide Sulfur oxide Suspended particulate matter Transboundary air pollution United Nations Environment Programme World Health Organization ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Opening Remarks (Agenda Item 1) .............................................................................................................. 2 Election of Officers (Agenda Item 2) ........................................................................................................... 3 Presentation on the Status and Trends of Air Pollution in Asia (Agenda Item 3) ........................................ 3 Presentation on Update on UNEP Initiatives Relevant to Health and Air Quality (Agenda Item 4) ............ 3 Presentation on Guidance Framework for Implementation of Long-Term Vision on Urban Air Quality in Asia (Agenda Item 5) .................................................................................................................................... 3 National Level Updates on the LTV (Agenda Item 6) .................................................................................. 4 Discussions on the Way Forward and Recommendations (Agenda Item 7) ................................................. 8 Closing of the Meeting (Agenda Item 8) ...................................................................................................... 9 Annex 1. Meeting Agenda .......................................................................................................................... 10 Annex 2. List of Participants ...................................................................................................................... 12 Annex 3. Proposed Table of Contents of the Guidance Framework........................................................... 17 Annex 4. Main Steps and Proposed Timeline in Guidance Framework ..................................................... 19 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (Clean Air Asia) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) are grateful to the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) for their financial support to the participants of the countries attending the Fourth Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality in Asia. Clean Air Asia and UNEP are also thankful to the Stockholm Environment Institute, Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) and the Regional Resource Center for Asia and the Pacific (RRC.AP) for their support for the Meeting. iv SUMMARY The Fourth Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality in Asia was held on 6 February 2013 at the Amari Watergate Hotel in Bangkok, Thailand to review and assist in the implementation of the Long Term Vision on Urban Air Quality in Asia (LTV), specifically through the Guidance Framework on Urban Air Quality in Asia. The meeting was attended by 56 participants (64% male and 36% female) including officials of the Ministry of Environment and other Ministries from Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Representatives from international organizations were also present as observers – including, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UNHabitat), International Cyrosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI), International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Environment Canada, US Agency for International Development (USAID) and US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Meeting Agenda is in Annex 1 and List of Participants in Annex 2. The meeting was jointly organized by the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (Clean Air Asia) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), with support from the Swedih International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and the Regional Resource Center for Asia and the Pacific (RRC.AP). This was held back-to-back with the Regional Intergovernmental Consultation on Near-Term Climate Protection and Clean Air Benefits in Asia and the Pacific of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC). The meeting endorsed the development of the Guidance Framework on Urban Air Quality in Asia which will provide an authoritative guidance in implementing the Long-Term Vision for Urban Air Quality in Asia. The Guidance Framework will also strengthen the capacity of governments in the management of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The participants provided comments to the draft table of contents and identified the priority areas and needs of Asian countries to be considered in the development of the Guidance Framework. The participants called on development agencies to make air quality management a priority area in their strategies and development assistance. The participants also called for continued collaboration between countries, organizations, networks and experts across Asia. The participants also emphasized the collaboration with other initiatives including CCAC and regional intergovernmental air pollution networks to achieve short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) reduction objectives. As next steps, Clean Air Asia and UNEP will collaborate in the further development of the Guidance Framework together with Asian governments and partner organizations. The Guidance Framework will be presented at the Fifth Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality in Asia that will be held in 2014. Countries who were not able to attend the Fourth Governmental Meeting, will also be consulted in the development of Guidance Framework. 1 REPORT OF THE MEETING Introduction 1. The Fourth Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality (UAQ) was held in Bangkok, Thailand on 6 February 2013. The meeting, jointly organised by the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (Clean Air Asia) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and the Regional Resource Center for Asia and the Pacific (RRC.AP), is a follow up of the Third Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality in Asia organised on 8 November 2010 in Singapore. This was held back-to-back with the Regional Intergovernmental Consultation on Near-Term Climate Protection and Clean Air Benefits in Asia and the Pacific which was organized by the UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ROAP), Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) and SEI in co-operation with the U.S. Department of State, Sida, Clean Air Asia, Asian Co-benefits Partnership and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES). 2. The Fourth Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality in Asia was attended by officials of the Ministry of Environment and other Ministries from Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Representatives from international organizations were also present as observers – including, IGES, SEI, United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UNHabitat), International Cyrosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI), International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Environment Canada, US Agency for International Development (AID) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The meeting agenda and list of participants is attached as Annex 1 and Annex 2, respectively. Opening Remarks (Agenda Item 1) 3. Mr. Iyngararasan Mylvakanam, UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya, delivered his opening remarks. In his remark, he warmly welcomed all participants to Bangkok, Thailand. He highlighted the need for regional and sub-regional cooperation to address air pollution quality issues and also mentioned several regional air pollution networks in Asia and the Pacific. He also recalled the First Governmental Meeting in 2006 where the Long Term Vision on Urban Air Quality in Asia (LTV) was first developed to inspire Asian cities and countries in the development of their air quality management policies and programs. Fast forward to 2013, the objective of the Fourth Governmental Meeting is to now review and assist in the implementation of the Long Term Vision on Urban Air Quality in Asia (LTV), specifically through the Guidance Framework on Urban Air Quality in Asia. On behalf of UNEP, he thanked all the participants and all who contributed in a collaborative effort for the success of the meeting. 4. Ms. Sophie Punte, Clean Air Asia, gave introductory remarks. She mentioned the background of the Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality in Asia and gave updates on the recent and coming events related to atmospheric issues in Asia, including the serious pollution episodes in Beijing. She invited each of the countries to share their priorities and needs in terms of air quality management during their country presentations to guide Clean Air Asia and other organizations in support needed by Asian countries. She also mentioned several publications of Clean Air Asia which can be of interest to the countries, including Accessing Asia: Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Indicators from the Road Transport and Electricity Sectors in Asia. She extended thanks to UNEP for co-organising the meeting, to Sida for providing financial support for bringing participants to Bangkok and the meeting itself. She also thanked RRC.AP, SEI, and CCAC for their support for the meeting. 2 Election of Officers (Agenda Item 2) 5. The Bureau elected Mr. Keshab Man Shakya, Minister, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Nepal as the Chairperson for the Meeting. Presentation on the Status and Trends of Air Pollution in Asia (Agenda Item 3) 6. Ms. May Ajero and Ms. Kaye Patdu, Clean Air Asia, presented the status and trends of air pollution in Asia within the context of updating on the progress of the LTV with focus on ambient air quality levels, recent developments in health impacts of air pollution and trends in air quality policies, monitoring and networks. Ms Ajero highlighted that 7 out of 10 cities in developing Asia have poor air quality levels (based on annual average levels of particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less - PM10 in 310 Asian cities in 2010). She also stressed about exposure to air pollution, giving the examples of Delhi and Beijing wherein 55% and 76%, respectively, of the population are within 50 meters of a major road. This is especially significant since the World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 2012 has classified diesel exhaust as a known human carcinogen. She also mentioned recently released global burden of disease (GBD 2010) which reports that outdoor air pollution (OAP) is now among top 10 risks worldwide. Further, the same report estimates that OAP is responsible for 3.2 million premature deaths globally and 2.1 million premature deaths in Asia. Ms. Patdu discussed the recent updates on air quality policies and related issues. The key points include a) only Afghanistan and Myanmar do not have national ambient air quality standards; b) while only half of countries in Asia currently have 2.5standards for particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 microns or less – PM2.5, a number of countries show interest to establish their standards and monitor PM2.5; c) in setting standards, it is possible to have a phased implementation of standards, as done by Singapore, China, Republic of Korea and others; d) it is observed that there is an increased availability of air quality monitoring data, especially for PM2.5, but there is much variability in reporting mechanisms; e) communicating health implications of monitoring results (such as through air quality indices - AQIs) is implemented is only few countries and is less stringent; f) there are active discussions in strengthening vehicle emission, fuel efficiency and economy standards. Technological standards also need to be linked with air quality standards to maximize benefits; g) there is a need for regional air quality management. She also mentioned that these information/insights are open for comments from the country representatives as this will be the basis for the Clean Air Asia publication: Air Quality in Asia: Status and Trends: 2013 Edition. Presentation on Update on UNEP Initiatives Relevant to Health and Air Quality (Agenda Item 4) 7. Ms. Adelaida Roman, RRC.AP, presented the Joint Forum on Atmospheric Environment Issues in Asia and the Pacific (Joint Forum). She mentioned that there is an extensive range of regional and sub-regional networks on atmospheric issues in Asia and that the Joint Forum can be a mechanism to help share experiences and identify opportunities for effective collaboration. The joint plan for joint activities on air pollution in Asia and the Pacific, which was adopted by the participants of the Second Meeting of the Joint Forum was also highlighted including the vision, scope, goals, activities, and the terms of reference and structure. She also presented the updates for 2010-2012, including information sharing and capacity building, and the recommendations from the Joint Forum. Presentation on Guidance Framework for Implementation of Long-Term Vision on Urban Air Quality in Asia (Agenda Item 5) 8. Ms. Glynda Bathan-Baterina, Clean Air Asia, started her presentation recalling the LTV. The vision is “Healthy people in healthy cities, which put emphasis on prevention of air pollution and which implement effective and appropriate strategies for the abatement of air pollution”, and the 3 measurement is that “by 2030 air quality in Asian cities made significant progress towards achieving WHO air quality guideline values through implementing comprehensive air quality management (AQM) strategies”. She also presented the objective, key guidance areas, main steps and proposed content of the guidance framework for implementation of the LTV. She listed the proposed main contents for each of the key guidance areas (a) setting and strengthening national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) and improving air quality monitoring systems; b) developing and updating emissions inventories; c) linking air quality levels and emissions data with health impacts and their social and economic cost (including the link with climate change); d) developing and implementing clean air plans, policies and measures (including co-benefits with climate change); e) communicating air quality, health and co-benefits information to the public). She requested for feedback from the participants of the Governmental Meeting on a) comments on the proposed content of the Guidance Framework and priorities; b) suggestions for type of support needed by governments; c) suggestions for organizations/experts for each guidance area; and d) suggestions for source material for each guidance area. The proposed table of contents of the Guidance Framework, and the main steps and proposed timeline is provided in Annex 3 and Annex 4, respectively. 9. The Chairperson accepted comments from each of the country representatives and observers. A summary of the comments made by the Governmental Meeting are the following: Add chapter or integrate into other chapters o compliance and enforcement o budgeting and financing o institutional frameworks o national programs that supplement policies and measures implementation o atmospheric and dispersion modeling In developing the Guidance Framework, considerations include: o primary target audience is national government o easy and clear guidance (avoid going into too much scientific/ technical details) o translation o policy-relevant, scientifically robust, politically persuasive o using existing materials, e.g., SEI Strategic Framework for AQM in Asia o involving relevant institutions/networks, e.g., Asian Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Network (AECEN) o outreach mechanism to public servants National Level Updates on the LTV (Agenda Item 6) 10. Participating countries presented what has been done to advance the LTV. Presentations included a) current status of AQM; b) the main tasks for the next 2 years; and c) other ministries and agencies needed to achieve the tasks and the main challenges faced. 11. Mr. Nurul Quadir, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Bangladesh, presented the institutional framework of air quality management in Bangladesh. He also shared the updates on the air quality monitoring system and policy initiatives in recent years. Main tasks during the next 2 years include a) emission reduction at sources such as brick kiln, cook-stoves, rice parboils with improved technologies; b) emission reduction from transport sector including better traffic management and low emission vehicles; c) introduction of environmentally friendly transport system in big towns; d) establishment of ambient air quality monitoring network in major cities; e) publish air quality index (AQI) for public awareness. Other Ministries involved are a) Ministry of Communication; b) Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources; c) Ministry of Local Government; d) City Corporations. Some 4 challenges identified include a) co-ordination between ministries and b) need for qualified professionals. 12. Mr. Thiv Sophearith, Ministry of Environment, Cambodia discussed the institutional framework of air quality management in Cambodia. He highlighted the current ambient air quality standard in the country and mentioned that they plan to upgrade their sub-decree into the law (Environmental Pollution Management). He also explained the recent air quality monitoring activities in Cambodia. 13. Mr. Rashid Hasan, Ministry of Environment and Forests, India first explained the air quality challenges (including sources and critical pollutants) in India at different levels (for metro cities/urban areas, critically polluted areas and rural areas) and air quality trends for Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and Carbon dioxide (CO2). He also discussed the institutional mechanism for air quality management at the central and state level in the country. He highlighted several control strategies adopted to address air pollution, including a) air quality standards notified and air pollution control areas declared; b) emission standards notified for industries, vehicles (in-use & new), gensets; c) fuel quality improvements (coal, gasoline & diesel); d) relocation of polluting industries, phasing out older polluting vehicles, introduction of mass rapid transportation; e) road map for control of emissions from new and in-use vehicles developed up to year 2010; f) expert committee has been set up under the aegis of planning commission; g) use of alternate fuels; h) Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP) developed for 17 categories of industries; i) specific control strategies for major industries; j) initiatives for small scale sector and k) city specific AQM action plans. 14. Ms. Sulistyowati, Ministry of the Environment Indonesia presented the institutional framework of air quality management in Indonesia and existing standards and policies for mobile sources and ambient air pollution. She also listed the different programs and activities being implemented by the Ministry of the Environment for mobile sources (a) conformity of production (COP); b) car free days; c) urban air quality evaluation (EKUP); d) emissions testing; e) cities blue sky index and for stationary sources (PROPER program). She identified the support needed by the government, including a) sharing of lessons learned from other countries regarding policy development such as determination of fuel economy standard, stipulating Euro 4 standard, phasing out subsidy for fossil fuels; b) assistance for developing of emission factors; c) air quality communication such as harmonizing air quality index in the region and providing tools to valuate economic impacts/health impacts from air pollution. 15. Mr. Hitoshi Yoshizaki, Ministry of the Environment of Japan shared the current status of air quality in Japan wherein while air quality is largely is at good conditions in terms of Sulfur oxides (SOx), Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and SPM, the remaining challenges including low attainment rate of air quality standards for photochemical oxidant (Ox) and PM2.5. For instance, there was zero (0%) attainment rate of ozone (O3) air quality standards in 2010. Main tasks for the next 2 years have identified in three categories: a) photochemical oxidant and PM2.5 (further studies for photochemical oxidant and deployment of PM2.5 monitoring network and composition analysis of PM2.5); b) transboundary air pollution (TAP) (nation-wide monitoring of TAP and dust & sandstorms and international cooperation on TAP and DSS through EANET and other frameworks); c) short-lived climate pollutants (estimation of emissions of black carbon and survey on its mitigation measures and studies on impacts of different ozone precursors on ozone formation and climate change). He also identified potential collaboration with other ministries/departments including a) for dust and sandstorm (DSS) monitoring, coordination needed with Meteorological Agency; b) for international cooperation on TAP, the policy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs should be taken into account; c) for 5 short-lived climate pollutants, close collaboration is needed with the departments in charge of climate change within the same ministry. 16. Ms Kalsom Abdul Ghani, Department of Environment Malaysia presented Malaysia’s Environmental Strategic Plan 2011-2010 wherein the core strategy no.4 is creating and maintaining clean environment to enhance the quality of life and public health. This also includes a number of strategies including a) increasing number of clean air days in a year; b) reduce pollution emissions; c) enhance expertise in air quality management; and d) reduce excessive noise pollution. She also listed the different management strategies for cleaner air in Malaysia focusing in policies, monitoring, pollution prevention, enforcement, awareness, studies and international and regional cooperation. Main tasks for the next two years include a) amendment of existing regulations under the EQA 1974 (new clean air regulations, stricter control of emissions from petrol and diesel engines, stricter control of emissions from motorcycles, improve on fuel quality); b) revision of ambient air quality guidelines towards meeting WHO proposed limits with additional parameter PM2.5; and c) revision of air quality monitoring network. 17. Mr. Mohamad Mustafa, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Maldives shared the current status of air quality management and challenges including a) limited quantifiable data on ambient air quality; b) qualitative data is only currently the only source to monitor urban air quality; c) the Environmental Protection Agency of Maldives have begun collecting PM10 levels in December 2011 but currently there is only one monitoring station located in Malé. The main tasks for the next two years: a) develop emission standards for vehicles; b) develop Maldives national emission inventory; c) develop sustainable transport strategy; d) establishment of additional monitoring stations in Male’ and other population centers; e) develop human resource; f) air quality monitoring protocols; g) establishment of environment police to strengthen enforcement. Other Ministries involved are a) Transport Authority; b) Ministry Health. Some challenges identified include lack of co-ordination, expertise, public awareness and importance of the issue at all levels. 18. Mr. Than Aye, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Myanmar mentioned the status of AQM in the country including existing environmental laws and institutional framework for environmental management in the country. The seven key priority areas of environmental issues are identified through Environmental Protection Assessment (EPA-2009): forest resources degradation, threat to biodiversity, land degradation, water resources and quality status, solid waste management, impact of ministry industry and air pollution, and climate change. Some of the challenges in air pollution control in Myanmar include a) no air quality monitoring system and national ambient air quality standard; and b) no advanced technology and instruments for monitoring. The future plans for environmental management have been identified a) policy, guidelines and planning; b) environmental pollution control; c) natural resources and environmental sustainability; d) capacity development; e) international cooperation; f) public awareness and participation; g) research and development on environmental conservation. 19. Mr. Gokarna Mani Duwadee, Ministry of Environment, Nepal presented recent developments in air quality management in the country including establishment and operation of ambient air quality monitoring systems, enforcement of national ambient air quality standard and the vehicle mass emission standard and ban on moving bulls trench brick kilns, among others. He also specified the main tasks in the next couple of years, including a) preparation of action plan for air quality management; b) modernization of brick kilns and monitoring of brick kiln stack emissions; c)continuation of air quality monitoring in Kathmandu Valley and additional installation of modern equipment; d) air quality monitoring outside the valley; e) promotion of ICS and biogas; f) commitment on potential indoor pollution-free Nepal by 2017 (Clean cooking solution by 2017); g) upgrading of public transportation system. Collaboration with other Ministries includes the Ministry 6 of Industry, Ministry of Physical Planning, Construction and Transport Management, Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment. Some of the identified challenges include a) regulation of fuel quality for vehicles; b) on-road monitoring of vehicle mass emissions; c) rapid and haphazard urbanization; d) industrialization; e) law enforcement; f) sustainability of program for air quality management; g) coordination among stakeholders; h) policy, technological and financial barriers; i) impact on public health and agriculture; j) management of transboundary pollution. 20. Mr. Ernesto Adobo, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Philippines shared the institutional framework on air quality management in the country, including the activities of the core agencies. He also presented the different standards and policies related to air quality management. The current projects and activities in urban air pollution management include a) “Linis Hangin” Program; b) use of clean technology; c) promotion of non-motorized transport (bikes); d) ambient air quality monitoring nationwide; e) conduct of emissions inventory every three years; f) capacity building of stakeholders and continuous public information, education and communication. Some of the planned projects and activities include a) establishment of national ambient air quality guideline values for PM2.5; b) expansion of ambient air quality monitoring network for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) in Metro Manila and major cities nationwide; c) formulation emission fees for stationary sources (PM and SO2); d) strengthen the implementation of the “Linis Hangin” Program; and e) capacity building of the local government units. 21. Mr. Cheul-Hong Kim, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea discussed the current status of air quality management and shared about the ten-year plan to improve air quality (‘06’-15). The main tasks for air quality management for the next two years have been classified as a) PM2.5 management, and b) basic plan to improve air quality in metropolitan areas (15-24). The main activities under PM2.5 management include a) national ambient air quality standards for PM 2.5 will be implemented from 2015; b) identify major emission sources, find ways to reduce emissions; c) establish regulations regarding produce processing standard; d) extend PM2.5 monitoring network to 36 cities by 2015. Under the basic plan, the main activities include a) lower PM10 level from current 40 to ‘below 30’; b) consider adding ozone and PM2.5 as target material; c) build on current cap and trade system; d) stronger reduction measures regarding mobile sources. Cooperation with other ministries include Ministry of Knowledge Economy and with local governments though the Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office and with Seoul, Incheon, and Kyeung-gi Province. 22. Mr. Sanjaya Bandara, Ministry of Environment, Sri Lanka presented the current status of AQM in the country including the annual averages of PM10 from 1998-2011 which showed that the PM10 is decreasing but still above the national standards. Main tasks for next 2 years include a) strengthening of vehicles emission testing programme; b) preparation of mechanism to improve fuel quality to comply with current standards; c) maintaining and improvement of ambient air quality network; d) establishment of independent lab to check petroleum product that available in the market. Key performance indicators and the lead responsible agency were identified for each task. Needed government agencies to work with Ministry of Environment include Ministry of Transport, and Ministry of Petroleum Products. Some of the identified challenges to implement the main tasks and to work with different ministries such as a) getting political will; b) stakeholder partnership; c) technology transfer; d) lack of capacity; e) funding. 23. Mr. Thalearngsak Petchsuwan, Pollution Control Department (PCD), Thailand presented the AQM activities in the country. Main tasks in the next 2 years are to a) effectively address fine particles (PM10 & PM2.5), VOCs and ozone issues; b) implement clean technologies/clean fuels (Euro 4 fuels and Euro 4 LDV vehicles already started in 2012); c) improve inspection and maintenance (I&M) 7 program; d) support the non-motorized vehicles and expansion of the mass rapid transit system; e) effective measures to prevent and control open burning; f) promote compliance and strengthen enforcement; g) raise public involvement in air quality protection; h) enhance early warning systems for air pollution and haze; i) promote co-benefits approach; j) promote green production and consumption; k) decentralize ambient air quality and noise monitoring to regional and local administrations. Other Ministries involved in AQM are Ministry of Interior; Ministry of Energy; Ministry of Transport; Ministry of Industry; Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative; and Ministry of Public Health. Key activities for collaboration have been identified for each ministry. Discussions on the Way Forward and Recommendations (Agenda Item 7) 24. The Meeting discussed the way forward to better manage the urban air quality in Asia and identified the priority needs for Asian governments including: Strategic choice of policies/strategies/technologies to change people’s lifestyle towards low emissions development Standards review & updating (ambient and sources), AQ monitoring systems, emission inventories Compliance and enforcement (including within framework of broader environmental protection and sustainable development) Lack of resources / financing Capacity building of national and local government Awareness raising of all levels of government, stakeholders, general public Transfer of knowledge, best practices and technologies Harmonization of data collection across the region Development of comparative tables between air quality indexes and development of AQI in other countries Cooperation between government agencies Participation of the private sector 25. The Meeting endorsed the development of the Guidance Framework and requested to be periodically updated regarding status of the development based on the timeline proposed. In line with this, the Meeting recommended the following: The Guidance Framework on support of the Long-Term Vision on Urban Air Quality in Asia to consider o Comments made by the Governmental Meeting o Priority areas and needs of Asian countries Call on development agencies to make air quality management a priority area in their work plans and development assistance Call on collaboration between countries, organizations, networks and experts across Asia Seek collaboration with other initiatives, including CCAC to achieve SLCP reduction objectives 26. As a next step, Clean Air Asia and UNEP will collaborate in the further development of the Guidance Framework together with Asian governments and partner organizations. The Guidance Framework will be presented at the Fifth Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality in Asia that will be held in 2014. 8 Closing of the Meeting (Agenda Item 8) 27. Ms. Sophie Punte, Clean Air Asia, invited country representatives to share the results of the discussion with their colleagues. She also mentioned that Clean Air Asia will also conduct consultation meetings with representatives from other countries who were not able to attend the Fourth Governmental Meeting, such as Singapore, Vietnam. 28. Mr. Mylvakanam Iyngararasan, UNEP, thanked all the participants for their commitments for the implementation of the Long Term Vision on Urban Air Quality in Asia (LTV). Referring to the outcomes of the UNEP Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) programme, he emphasized the need for an integrated approach for air pollution control. UNEP will continue to support the countries on air pollution issues and will work with Clean Air Asia in implementing the recommendations of this meeting. 29. The Meeting expressed appreciation to the Chairperson for the well managed and fruitful meeting. The meeting thanked the organizers for the well organized meeting and the participants for sharing their LTV. The meeting also thanked Sida for its financial support for the participants of the countries attending the Meeting. 30. The Chairperson closed the Meeting. 9 Annex 1. Meeting Agenda Fourth Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality in Asia Amari Watergate Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand Wednesday 6 February 2013, 9 am – 4 pm Meeting Agenda 9.00 - 9.20 Welcome and Participant Introductions 9.20 - 10.00 Opening remarks United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - includes introduction to the meeting and objectives Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (Clean Air Asia) - includes overview of key developments since 2010 and progress towards the Long Term Vision for Urban Air Quality for Asia (LTV) Election of Officers The meeting will be invited to elect a Chairperson, a Vice-chairperson and a Rapporteur from the participants. 10.00 - 10.30 Status and Trends of Urban Air Quality in Asia Clean Air Asia will present the regional update and progress of the Long Term Vision for Urban Air Quality in Asia, with a specific focus on ambient air quality levels and standards in Asia, the link with climate change mitigation / co-benefits, and recommendations to the Governments represented in the meeting. 10.30 - 11.00 Coffee break 11.00 - 11.30 Update on UNEP initiatives relevant to health and air quality UNEP will make a presentation on the Joint Forum on Atmospheric Environment in Asia and the Pacific, the SLCF report it produced, the Climate and Clean Air Coalition, and other developments relevant to the LTV, and recommendations to the Governments represented in the meeting. 10 11.30 - 12.00 Approach for a Road Map for Ambient Air Quality Standards Clean Air Asia will present a proposed approach for developing a guidance document (Road Map) on setting and strengthening national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS), air quality monitoring systems and emissions inventories linking air quality levels and emissions data with health impacts and their social and economic cost plus the link with climate change incorporating this information into clean air plans, policies and measures (including co-benefits with climate change) communicating air quality, health and co-benefits information to the public 12.00 - 1.00 LUNCH 1.00 - 3.00 Country Presentations- National Update on LTV (6 minutes each = 3 slides) Participating countries will make presentation on the national level current and planned activities on urban air pollution management including (slide a) institutional framework (slide b) standards and policies (c) projects and activities 3.00 - 3.45 Discussions of the Way Forward The meeting will be invited to discuss the recommendations to the Governments represented in the meeting and the way forward of the LTV implementation. 3.45 - 4.00 Summary and Closing of the meeting The Chair will summarize the proceedings and recommendations of the meeting that will be presented at the Closing Plenary of the Better Air Quality (BAQ) Conference, and close the meeting. 11 Annex 2. List of Participants Summary: 13 Countries represented 14 Observer and organizer institutions 56 Total participants - 64% male, 36% female 13 Speakers - 7 male, 6 female Countries - (30 total, 21 male, 10 female) Country Bangladesh Name Sultan Ahmed Director, Department of Environment Ministry of Environment and Forests Munjurul Hannan Khan Deputy Secretary Ministry of Environment and Forests Nurul Quadir Deputy Secretary Ministry of Environment and Forests Quazi Sarwar Imtiaz Hashmi Director (Planning) Department of Environment Cambodia Thiv Sophearith Chief, Office of Air Quality, Noise & Vibration Ministry of Environment Ou Chanthearith Deputy Director, Climate Change Department Ministry of Environment India Rashid Hasan Advisor, Head of Water and Air Transportation Ministry of Environment and Forests Indonesia Sulistyowati Assistant Deputy for Air Pollution Control on Mobile Sources Ministry of Environment Fitri Harwati Head of Water and Air Transportation Ministry of Environment Agus Saefudin Head of Division of Solid Waste Restriction Ministry of Environment 12 Country Name Ari Wibowo Ministry of Forestry Japan Hitoshi Yoshizaki Air Environment Division, Environmental Management Bureau Ministry of Environment Malaysia Kalsom Abdul Ghani Director, Air Quality Division Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Myanmar Than Aye Deputy Director, Environmental Conservation Department Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry Nepal Keshab Man Shakya Minister Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Gokama Mani Duwadee Joint Secretary Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Philippines Ernesto Adobo Undersecretary Department of Environment and Natural Resources Jean Borromeo Supervising Environmental Management Specialist Office of the Undersecretary for Staff Bureaus Department of Environment and Natural Resources Republic of Korea Cheul-Hong Kim Deputy Director, Global Environment Division Ministry of Environment Hyejung Shin Researcher, Air Quality Research National Institute of Environmental Research (NIES) Republic of Maldives Miruza Mohamed Assistant Director Ministry of Environment and Energy Hassan Azhar Environment Analyst Ministry of Environment and Energy Saleem Ahmed 13 Country Name Permanent Secretary Ministry of Environment and Energy Mohamad Mustafa Deputy Minister Ministry of Environment and Energy Sri Lanka Sanjaya Bandara Progamme Assistant – Environment Ministry of Environment Thailand Thalearngsak Petchsuwan Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau, Pollution Control Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Siwaporn Rungsiyanon Environmentalist, Professional Level Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau, Pollution Control Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Seksan Sangdow Pollution Control Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Sakda Tridech Pollution Control Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Seetala Chantes Officer Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) Observers and Organizers ( 14 Organizations, 26 participants, 15 male, 11 female) Canada Robert Andrew Bowcott Senior Advisor – Climate Change International Affairs Branch Environment Canada Germany Maheswar Rupakheti Group Leader, Regional Focus-Sustainable Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) Japan Eric Zusman Senior Climate Policy Researcher Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Kyrgyz Republic Asan Toktogulov Director 14 World Heritage Institute in Central Asia Nepal Bidya Banmali Environment Officer International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Bhushan Tuladhar Regional Technical Advisor – South Asia United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UNHabitat) Sweden Lars Nordberg International Cyrosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI) Thailand Orestes Anastasia Senior Regional Climate Advisor US Agency for International Development (USAID) Khan Ram-Indra Program Development Specialist US Agency for International Development (USAID) USA Andrew Eil Coordinator, Climate Change Assistance Programs Office US State Department Emily McGlynn Senior Advisor, Office of the Special Envoy for Climate Change US State Department Sara Terry US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Clean Air Asia Philippines Sophie Punte Executive Director Clean Air Asia Center Unit 3504, 35/F, Robinson's Equitable Tower ADB Avenue, Pasig City, Metro Manila Philippines Philippines Maria Glynda Bathan-Baterina Deputy Executive Director Philippines May Antoniette Ajero Air Quality Program Manager Philippines Maria Katherina Patdu Air Quality Specialist 15 Philippines Mylene Cayetano Air Quality Specialist China Wei Wan Air Quality Specialist Clean Air Asia – Beijing Office 901A, Reignwood Building No.8 YongAnDongLi Jianguomenwai Avenue Beijing 100022 PR China UNEP Kenya Iyngararasan Mylvakanam United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Volodymyr Demkine Environmental Affairs Officer UNEP RRC.AP Thailand Adelaida Roman Head-Network Support AIT-RRC.AP Asian Institute of Technology P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120, Thailand Thailand Supat Wangwongwatana EANET Coordinator Thailand Suwimol Wattanawiroon Program Officer and EANET Secretariat Thailand Guilberto Borongan Programme Officer, Waste and 3Rs SEI United Kingdom Kevin Hicks Senior Research Fellow Stockholm Environment Institute at York University of York, Heslington YORK YO10 5DD United Kingdom Jose Manuel Vega Barbero Stockholm Environment Institute at York 16 Annex 3. Proposed Table of Contents of the Guidance Framework Table of Contents Abbreviations List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgement Executive Summary 1. Introduction Air pollution, climate change and health Status of air quality and AQM in Asian cities Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality Long-Term Vision for Urban Air Quality in Asia Guidance Framework for Urban Air Quality 2. Guidance Area 1: Ambient air quality standards and monitoring systems World Health Organization and international air quality guidelines and standards Status of ambient air quality standards in Asia Guidance including recommended steps, issues and challenges and case studies: o Setting and review of ambient air quality standards o Air quality monitoring and compliance measurement 3. Guidance Area 2: Emissions inventories Internationally accepted practices Status of emission inventories in Asia Guidance including recommended steps, issues and challenges and case studies: o Developing and updating national emission inventories o Developing and updating city emission inventories o Using emission inventory results for policy making and better air quality management 4. Guidance Area 3: Health and other impacts Global burden of disease and other major health impact studies Overview of health and other impacts from air pollution in Asia Guidance including recommended steps, issues and challenges and case studies: o Conducting health impact studies and quantifying social, economic and environmental costs o Using information on health and other impacts to inform policy development 5. Guidance Area 4: Clean air plans, policies and measures International practices on clean air plans, policies and measures Overview of clean air plans requirements in Asia Status in Asia on requirements on clean air plans Guidance including recommended steps, issues and challenges and case studies: o Priority pollutants to multi-pollutant control o City- wide coverage to regional/provincial or airshed/air basin coverage 17 6. Guidance Area 5: Communicating on air quality, health and co-benefits International practices and guidance on communication for different target audiences Overview of air quality communication practices in Asia Guidance including recommended steps, issues and challenges and case studies: o Regular reporting to inform policymakers and the general public o Using Air Quality Indices to communicate air quality levels to the public 7. Guidance Area 6: Governance, including compliance and enforcement, budgeting and financing and institutional frameworks International practices Overview of air quality management governance in Asia Guidance including recommended steps, issues and challenges and case studies 8. Supporting Governments in improving urban AQM Existing networks, initiatives, forums Training courses Tools Online databases and resources Other Annexes 18 Annex 4. Main Steps and Proposed Timeline in Guidance Framework February 2013: Comments on table of contents by Fourth Governmental Meeting 2013-2014: Writing of Guidance Framework by author groups and review by stakeholders 2014: Endorsement of Guidance Framework by Fifth Governmental Meeting 2014 onwards: Support government in improving air quality management using the Guidance Framework and monitoring of results 19
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