To EV or not to EV? Bart Vanham Managing Partner TCOPlus “Alternative power trains as a genuine option” Background: clustering alternative power trains Start-stop technology as the lowest level of hybridization Mild Hybrid cars Electric energy, produced continuously or when decelerating, is stored in a battery pack exceeding those of a start-stop techniques Parallel hybrid cars Most widely know and widespread cars (e.g. Toyota Prius Hybrid since 1997) All electric mode at start-up, low speed traffic jams and when manoeuvring Plug-in hybrid cars (PHEV) Equipped with batteries of a greater capacity being charged on an electrical network Enabling the usage on a daily basis also for long distances Range Extenders (REEV) Small fuel engine to reload batteries with a generator used as a range extender to enable longterm distances All-electric vehicles (BEV) Stand alone battery electric vehicles which run solely on electricity Petrol engine Combining a micro-hybrid with the recovery of energy when breaking Engine coupled with an electric motor, which powers the vehicle as well on a stand-alone basis for short distances Extended EV policy CNG Reversible system acting as starter and alternator on a traditional car Diesel engine Part of the standard car policy Micro-hybrid cars Segmentation: Vehicle by type (Europe) Business cars Mitsubish Outlander Volvo V60 Type 4 D- / Medium SUV-Segment Focus on transport of 4 persons; bulk load carriage Ford Focus Opel Ampera VW E-Golf* Nissan Leaf Toyota Prius 1 series active-e* BMW i3 Renault Zoe Mitsubishi M-iEV Peugeot iOn Type 3 C-Segment Focus on transport of 2-4 persons; increased load Type 2 B-Segment Focus on transport of 1-2 persons; increased load Citroen C-zero Smart VW E-up *Segmentation based on vehicle size ** i3 positioning is reflecting BMW‘s C-segmentation mixed with actual size of B-segment Type 1 A-Segment Focus on transport of 1-2 persons; limited carriage Luxury Alternative power train challenge: 3 key subjects for fleet managers PHEV, REX, EV: Usage patterns Toyota Prius 18**25 PHEV Volvo V60 800*** 83 83 25** 50 720*** 640*** Mitsubish Outlander 26** 52 Opel Ampera* 40 400*** 83 Tesla S Renault Zoe 150 BMW i3 130 Nissan Leaf EV / REEV* VW E-up Ford Focus 199 190 Type 3 Regular urban, occasional nonurban and exceptional highway usage 190 130 80** 162 133 160 Citroen C-zero 75 150 Peugeot iOn 75 150 Mitsubishi M-iEV Smart 340 200 120 BMW 1 series Type 2 Regular urban, regular non-urban and occasional highway usage 210 100** VW E-Golf 800 502 240 170 120 Type 1 Regular urban, regular nonurban and / or regular highway usage 900 500+ 370 BMW i3 REEV* 1000 150 75 72** 145 100 200 300 400 500 Range in km 800 900 1000 Definition: Urban => suburb and city center travel Non-urban => travel within regions Highway => long highway journeys Fleet match: Are your drivers ready for alternative power trains • Approach of analysis Driver survey • Purpose Identification of individual car usage patterns Basis for comparison to EV requirements and technological constraints • Key topics addressed in questionnaire Eligibility as tool or benefit car User profile & mileage patterns Vehicle segmentation fit Vehicle preference Charging facility Smart phone usage Example of fleet match: Are your drivers ready for alternative power trains => Match of range patterns compared to segmentations patterns as subject of analysis Range Segmentation Type 4 D-/ Medium SUV-Segment Vehicles Type 1 Regular urban, regular nonurban and / or regular highway usage Mitsubish Outlander Volvo V60 Focus on transport of 4-5 persons; bulk load carriage Type 3 C-Segment Vehicles Focus on transport of 2-4 persons; increased load Type 2 Regular urban, regular non-urban and occasional highway usage Mitsubish Outlander Volvo V60 Type 3 Regular urban, occasional nonurban and exceptional highway usage Mitsubish Outlander Volvo V60 Move to REEV by having access to D-segment vehicles from pool cars or rentals Toyota Prius Opel Ampera Toyota Prius Opel Ampera => Opt for best fit vehicle in segment (i3 in case of enough space) Type 2 B-Segment Focus on transport of 1-2 persons; increased load Consider hybrid and/or ICE engines instead of EVs, if vehicles in B-segment shall be used for regular long term travel at all Type 1 A-Segment Focus on transport of 1-2 persons; limited carriage Consider hybrid and/or ICE engines instead of EVs, if vehicles in A-segment shall be used for regular long term travel at all BMW i3 REEV Nissan Leaf Ford Focus BMW 1 series VW E-Golf BMW i3 full electric Renault Zoe Consider hybrid and/or ICE engines instead of EVs * VW E-up Citroen C-zero Peugeot iOn Mitsubishi M-iEV Smart Challenge 2: Business case or TCO impact Alternative power train cost comparison: different scenario’s Driver specific budget levers Scenario I Scenario II Scenario III Scenario IV Vehicle specific cost levers Taxation effect for drivers in TCO EV taxation effect for drivers to subsidize lease rate Taxation effect for companies included in TCO budgets EV taxation effect for companies (CTX, SOC) TCO budgets including fuel EV lease rate including fuel and electricity Current car policy budgets per driver level EV lease rate Challenge 3: Implementation Province “Vlaams-Brabant” and Voka project: Objectives • 20 fleet scans for alternative power trains To provide input to companies on potential for EV, hybrid and CNG based on 3 way approach To gather information on potential for alternative power trains for small, medium sized and big companies in order to: Get insights in potential Define needed actions to reach potential Use results to inform and provoke change 2 more scans are available (for free) for 100+ vehicle companies Thank you Bart Vanham [email protected] Hans Damen [email protected]