1. science
2. ecology
3. pollution

NATIONAL RESE ARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRI AL ECOLOGY
INCD ECOIND
INTERNATIONAL SYMPO SIUM
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND
THE INDUSTRY”
Bucharest
29-30 October 2013
UNDER PATRONAGE OF:
 Romanian Academy - Chemical Sciences Section
CO-ORGANIZERS:
 Romanian Chemistry Society - Section for
Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
 Balkan Environmental Association – RO - B.EN.A
Subsidiary
 Romanian Water Association – ARA
 Romanian Environmental Association - 1998 –ARM
UNDER COORDINATION OF:
 Ministry of National Education-State authority for
scientific research, technological development and
innovation
 Ministry of Economy
 Ministry of Environment and Climate Change
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
IN MEMORIAM
Margareta NICOLAU
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
FINANCE

INCD ECOIND

MINISTRY OF NATIONAL EDUCATION
SUPPORT

SC APA-NOVA BUCURESTI SA

SC GEOMED IMPEX 2002 SRL
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
CONTENTS
PLENARY CONFERENCES
PC-1.
23
ASSESSMENT OF DANGEROUS RADIATIONS INDOOR
AND OURDOOR - IMPACT ON THE PUBLIC HEALTH
F. Vosniakos, O. Serafeimidou, A. Bais
25
“GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE” CONCEPT
Harmony of Community Needs with
Environmental Values in Land Use Planning
Caner Zanbak
26
PC-3. WHAT BIOSENSOR FOR POLLUTION CONTROL
IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS?
Jean Louis Marty
27
PC-2
IWA - YWP WORKSHOP
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
29
WS-1. A SURVEY OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR
WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Andrei Stoicescu, Dan Niculae Robescu
29
WS-2. CONTRIBUTIONS ON BIOLOGICAL REACTORS
FLOW OPTIMIZATION
Elena Elisabeta Manea
30
WS-3. TEMPERATURE AND MIXING SIMULATIONS
IN AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
Doru Lucian Manea, Elena Elisabeta Manea,
Dan Niculae Robescu
31
7
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
WS-4. MODELING THE DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN
CONCENTRATION IN BIOREACTORS OF A LEACHATE
TREATMENT PLANT
Mihai Cristian Necsoiu, Dan Niculae Robescu
31
WS-5. AEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE VS. CONVENTIONAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Costel Bumbac, Ioana Ionescu, Olga Tricolici
33
WS-6. FORMATION OF AEROBIC GRANULES IN SEQUENCING
BATCH REACTOR TREATING DAIRY INDUSTRY
WASTEWATER
Ioana Alexandra Ionescu, Costel Bumbac, Olga Tricolici
34
WS-7. EVALUATION OF COMBINED ACTIVATED SLUDGE –
MICROALGAE SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Olga Tricolici, Costel Bumbac, Valeriu Badescu,
Carmen Postolache
35
WS-8. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PLAN OF RIVER BASINS FROM ROMANIA
Elena Godeanu, Alina Carstea
36
SECTION I
39
SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
- plenary conferences -
41
PC-4.
COMBINED SORPTION MATERIALS BASED ON BLEACHED
COTTON FIBERS AND FERROCYANIDES OF d-METALS,
SORPTION AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES
Vita Galysh, Mykola Kartel, Vitaliy Milyutin
41
PC-5.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF WATER TREATMENT ON THE BASIS
OF SORPTIO AND CATALYSIS PROCESSES
Tudor Lupascu
43
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INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
PC-6.
INNOVATIVE IN SITU REMEDIAL TECHNIQUES
– KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
Robert Raschman, Lenka Wimmerova, Jan Nemecek,
Eliska Kosinova, Jan Kukacka, Petr Kozubek,
Ondrej Lhotsky, Marek Svab, Ljuba Zidkova
44
PC-7.
STUDIES REGARDING OBTAINING UNCONVENTIONAL
FUELS FROM SLUDGES COMING FROM TERTIARY
TREATMENT OF SOME WASTEWATERS
Nicolae Strimbeanu, Mihaela Scurtu,
Laurentiu Demetrovici, Orlando Cucu
46
- oral presentations -
47
I-O-1.
REMOVAL OF SULPHATE AND HEAVY METALS FROM MINE
WATER - COMPARISON OF ETTRINGITE PRECIPITATION vs.
NANO FILTRATION IN A PILOT PLANT
E. Janneck, T. Aubel, M. Cook, J. Lantzsch, A. Widmaier
47
I-O-2.
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES OF AQUEOUS MEDIA LOWCONTAMINATED BY URANIUM AND
ACCOMPANYING HEAVY METALS
I-C Popescu (Hostuc), N. Tomus, L. Stoica
48
CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF TEXTILE DYES MIXTURE
AND AUXILIARY COMPOUNDS IN MODEL SOLUTIONS
M. Gonta, Gh. Duca, V. Matveevici, L. Mocanu, V. Iambartev
50
I-O-3.
I-O-4. DICLOFENAC REMOVAL AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS FROM
WASTEWATERS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Monica Ihos, Vasile Iancu, Jana Petre
52
I-O-5. ADVANCED DEGRADATION OF 4-CHLOROANILINE
FROM WATER IN UV/TiO2/H2O2 SYSTEM
Ines Nitoi, Petruta Oancea, Ionut Cristea
9
53
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
I-O-6.
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR OBTAINING
COMPOSITE “CORE-SHELL” NANOSTRUCTURES
AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS
C. Gaidau, M. Simion, J Ma, Q Xu, L. Pascu,
D. Simion, M. Niculescu
54
I-O-7. TREATMENT POSSIBILITIES OF GROUNDWATER
CONTAMINED WITH ORGANOHALOGENATED SOLVENTS
Mihaela Alexie, Andrei Niculae, Laurentiu Dinu,
Cristiana Cosma, Ionut Cristea
55
I-O-8. ADVANTAGES OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE
DEHYDRATION USING THE GEOTUBES METHOD
Vasile Plamadeala, Alexandru Rusu, Ludmila Bulat
56
I-O-9.
EVALUATION OF INDIGENOUS OLIGOTROPHIC PEAT
AS LOW-COST SORBENT FOR ACCIDENTAL OIL SPILLS
Costel Bumbac, Ioana Ionescu
58
I-O-10. SUITABILITY OF GRANULATED LEAD SLAG
FOR VALORISATION
Emilia Talpos
59
I-O-11. OPPORTUNITIES FOR BIOGAS MARKET DEPLOYING
IN ROMANIA - IMPORTANT ISSUES FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Nicolae Sdrula, Simina Daniela Stefan, Ioan Frasineanu
61
I-O-12. NEW IDEAS FOR OLD NECESSITIES
Dana Martinov
62
I-O-13. DEVELOPMENTS IN SUSTAINED RELEASE OXIDANTS:
MODELING AND CASE STUDIES
Pamela J. Dugan, Lorenzo Sacchetti, Pat Evans,
Michelle Crimi
64
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INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
I-O-14. ASSESSMENT ON PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CRUDE OIL
POLLUTED SOILS, GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF ACHILLEA
MILLEFOLIUM AND TPH REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
Smaranda Masu, Ligia-Carmena Balasescu
66
I-O-15. PREDETERMINATION OF AMENDMENTS FOR THE
ENHANCED PHYTOREMEDIATION ON FLY ASH DUMPS
Smaranda Masu, Valeria Nicorescu
67
I-O-16. TCE OXIDATION EFFICIENCY BY POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE FOR CONTAMINATED SOIL REMEDIATION
Mihai Stefanescu, Cristiana Cosma, Costel Bumbac,
Sorin Ion Florescu, Valeriu Badescu
67
I-O-17. IMPLEMENTING REMEDIAL TECHNIQUES AGAINST RADON
IN DWELLINGS IN THE URANIUM AREA BAITA-STEI
C. Cosma, Alexandra Cucos, B. Papp, L. Suciu,
Oana Dumitru, Carlos Sainz
68
I-O-18. KNOWLEDGE BASED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY OF SUCEAVA COUNTY
Lucian Constantin, Margareta Nicolau ,
Cristian Teodorescu
70
I-O-19. TESTING RADON MITIGATION TECHNIQUES
AGAINST RADON IN A PILOT HOUSE
Botond Papp, Constatin Cosma, Alexandra Dinu (Cucos),
Robert Begy, Liviu Suciu, Gheorghe Banciu, Carlos Sainz
71
- posters I-P-1.
I-P-2.
72
THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDY OF NEWLY
OBTAINED PRODUCTS OF TANNIN ORIGIN
T. Lupascu, A. Gonta, N Timbaliuc
72
USE OF MINERAL AND LOCAL ACTIVATED CARBON
ADSORBENTS FOR WATER PURIFICATION
FROM SYNTHETIC DYES
T. Lupascu, N. Timbaliuc, A. Maftuleac
74
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INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
I-P-3.
SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES
USED FOR SELECTIVE HEAVY METALS REMOVAL
FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
A. G. Moise, E. Matei
76
I-P-4.
WASTEWATER PURIFICATION CONTAINING METAL IONS
AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS USING ACTIVATED CARBON
I. A. Gradinaru, E. Matei, V. Predica, L. E. Mara
77
I-P-5.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PILOT-SCALE
PHOTOCHEMICAL H2O2/UVC SYSTEM AS THE EX-SITU
DECONTAMINATION CELL FOR HEAVILY POLLUTED WATERS
(CONTAMINATION WITH ORGANIC SUBSTANCES)
Radim Zebrak, Pavel Masin, Petr Kluson, Pavel Krystynik
78
I-P-6. APPLICATION OF TiO2 BASED PHOTOCATALYSTS
FOR XENOBIOTICS DEGRADATION FROM WATER.
NITROBENZENE CASE STUDY
Ines Nitoi, Petruta Oancea, Malina Raileanu,
Maria Crisan, Ionut Cristea
79
I-P-7. CONSIDERATION ON MANGANESE REMOVAL
FROM GROUNDWATER BY CHEMICAL OXIDATION
USING CHLORINE BASED COMPUNDS
Cristiana Cosma, Margareta Nicolau , Mihaela Alexie,
Viorel Patroescu, Ionut Cristea, Valeriu Badescu
81
I-P-8.
I-P-9.
EVALUATION OF MUNICIPAL SLUDGE THICKENING
BY CENTRIFUGATION – A CASE STUDY
Viorel Patroescu, Laurentiu Dinu, Costel Bumbac
82
RESEARCH ON GABBROS FROM CAZANESTI- CIUNGANI,
ROMANIA, IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY
NEW RECOVERY DIRECTIONS
Andreea Nicoleta Lupu, D. C. Olteanu, M. Ghita, S.S. Udubasa,
F. Stoiciu, D. V. Dragut, V. Badilita, Lenuta Jana Enache
83
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INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
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I-P-10. RESEARCHERS REGARDING THE EFFECT OF DRY
GRINDING AND THERMAL DEHYDROXYLATION ON
SERPENTINITE DUBOVA - MEHEDINȚI, ROMANIA
D. V. Draguț, Luminita Mara, M. Ghita, V. Badilita,
F. Stoiciu, Andreea Ioana Gradinaru, Lenuta Enache,
Eleonora Neagu, Victoria Soare
84
I-P-11. CHARACTERIZATION OF SERPENTINITE DUMPED FROM
DUBOVA - MEHEDINTI REGARDING COMPLETE RECOVERY
THROUGH SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
M. Ghita, Luminita Eleonora Mara, F. Stoiciu, V. Badilita,
Lenuta Jana Enache, Andreea Ioana Gradinaru,
D.V. Dragut
85
I-P-12. ACRYLIC AQUEOUS DISPERSION FOR FINISHING
OF NATURAL LEATHER WITH THE FILM
Olga Niculescu, George Coara, Gabriela Macovescu,
Demetra Simion, Dana Gurau
86
I-P-13. THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF WAX EMULSIONS
USED IN NATURAL LEATHER FINISHING
Olga Niculescu, Gabriela Macovescu,
Demetra Simion, Dana Gurau
87
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SECTION II
89
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT. MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- oral presentations -
91
II-O-1. CONCEPTS REGARDING THE ENVIRONMENTAL
INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT
Vladimir Rojanschi, Florian Grigore-Radulescu
91
II-O-2. DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
ASSESSMENT CENTER ECOIND
Ionel Virgil Criste, Elena Laslu
92
II-O-3. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT BASED ON
ROUGH SET THEORY USING EMAS RELEVANT
RECOMMENDED INDICATORS
Madalina Arama, Margareta Nicolau , Gheorghe Batrinescu,
Carol Lehr, Virgil Criste, Ana Anghel, Doina Guta
93
II-O-4. SPATIAL AND TIME VARIATION INFLUENCE OF SOME
HEAVY METAL ION SPECIES CONTENTS
ON THE EVOLUTION OF ECOLOGICAL RISK
Simona Calinescu, Bogdan Stanescu,
Lidia Kim, Elena Birsan
93
II-O-5. THE CHARACTERIZATION OF PRIORITY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
DISTRIBUTION AT THE LEVEL OF ABIOTIC COMPARTMENTS
(WATER/SEDIMENT) OF THE OLT RIVER BASIN, IN
THE INDUSTRIAL PLATFORM AREA RAMNICU VALCEA
Mihaela Iordache, Luisa Roxana Popescu,
Aurelia Meghea
95
II-O-6. EVALUATION OF MERCURY POLLUTION
IN OLT RIVER BASIN INDUCED BY HISTORICAL
AND CURRENT POLLUTION SOURCES
Luisa Roxana Popescu, Cristina Dinu,
Mihaela Iordache, Eleonora Mihaela Ungureanu
96
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II-O-7. IMPACT OF THE PROPERTIES AND COMPOSITION OF
INUNDATING NATURALLY CARBONATED MINERAL
WATER ON THE SOIL IN THE AREA OF OLT VALLEY
J. Fazakas, K. Gál
98
II-O-8. GEOCHEMICAL MODEL OF THE GROUNDWATER
AT COUNTY-WIDE SCALE IN ROMANIA. CASE STUDY
Bogdan Stanescu, Ramona Dumitrache, Lidia Kim
98
II-O-9. INVESTIGATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
IN CASE OF THE ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION PRODUCED
WITH OIL PRODUCTS. CASE STUDIES
Bogdan Stanescu, Gheorghe Batrinescu, Lidia Kim
99
II-O-10. DETERMINING THE DANGEROUSNESS OF WASTE
Doina Guta, Gheorghe Batrinescu, Adriana Cuciureanu
100
II-O-11. ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS INDUCED BY THE PRESENCE
OF DANGEROUS POLLUTANTS IN MUNICIPAL LANDFILLS
SURROUNDING AREAS
Adriana Cuciureanu, Gheorghe Batrinescu,
Bogdan Stanescu, Ramona Dumitrache
101
II-O-12. GETTING THE MOST OUT OF
OPERATIONAL DATA IN ENERGETICS
Mirela Danubianu, Cristian Teodorescu,
Lucian Constantin, Doina Alban
102
II-O-13. LOW TEMPERATURES THERMAL ENERGY – A HUGE
MARKET AND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
Madalina Irina Ghilvacs,Mircea Adrian Nicolescu
103
II-O-14. USING AN ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS’ COMPOSITE
INDEX AS A TOOL FOR MANAGERIAL DECISIONS
Lucian Constantin, Margareta Nicolau ,
Cristian Teodorescu
15
104
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
II-O-15. THE EUROPEAN LEGISLATION AND THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF EMS AND ENMS
Madeleine Dina
105
II-O-16. ROUGH SET THEORY A PROMISING INSTRUMENT
FOR DIAGNOSIS AND PREDICTION INCLUDING
POLLUTION PHENOMENA
Madalina Arama, Margareta Nicolau , Gheorghe Batrinescu,
Carol Lehr, Criste Virgil, Ana Anghel
106
II-O-17. DEFINING OCCUPATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPETENCES EVALUATION OF PERSONS
USING OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS
Ana Angel, Ionel Virgil Criste, Elena Laslu
16
107
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“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
109
SECTION III
POLLUTION CONTROL AND MONITORING
- plenary conference PC-8.
111
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING BY USING AGGREGATED
INDICATORS
I. Tulbure
111
- oral presentations -
112
III-O-1. QUALITY CONTROL OF DRINKING WATER IN BRASOV
MUNICIPALITY USING FIRST DRAW AND FULL FLUSH
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Gabriela Vasile, Alina Catrangiu, Cristina Dinu,
Nicoleta Damian, Gabriela Masau
112
III-O-2. SPE – HPLC/DAD ANALYSIS OF BENTAZONE
AND AZINPHOS-METHYL IN WATER SAMPLE
Vasile Ion Iancu, Jana Petre
114
III-O-3. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF Β-LACTAMS
ANTIBIOTICS IN WASTEWATER SAMPLES BY SOLID PHASE
EXTRACTION FOLLOWED BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY AND TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Jana Petre, Vasile Ion Iancu, Marcela Niculescu,
Gabriela-Geanina Vasile
115
III-O-4. TYPICAL PROFILE IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTION
SOURCES BY POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC SULFUR
HETEROCYCLES
Andrei Ciprian Niculae, Jana Petre, Marcela Niculescu
116
III-O-5. MONITORING OF SURFACTANTS CONCENTRATION
IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT USING DIFFERENT
ANALYTICAL METHODS
Iuliana Paun, Vasile Iancu, Jana Petre, Irina Lucaciu
117
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INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
III-O-6 APPLICATION OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY
FOR ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATES FROM MINE WATER
Ionut Cristea, Laurentiu Dinu
118
III-O-7. DETERMINATION OF BERYLLIUM IN
STATIONARY SOURCES EMISSIONS
Mihaela Petrescu, Elena Bucur, Mona Barbu,
Valeriu Danciulescu
119
III-O-8. MICROSTRUCTURES AND PROCESSES FOR
BIOTRANSISTORS WITH APPLICATIONS IN
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND FOOD SAFETY
Virgil Emil Ilian, Lucian Galateanu, Monica Veca,
Marius Bazu, Virgil Liviu Mircea Ilian, Dragos Varsescu
121
III-O-9. HAZARD CLASSIFICATION OF DANUBE- DANUBE DELTA
(WATER AND SEDIMENT) BASED ON
ORGANISMS SENSITIVITY
Stefania Gheorghe, Catalina Stoica,
Elena Stanescu, Alina Catrangiu, Iuliana Paun,
Daniela Niculescu, Irina Lucaciu
122
III-O-10. MICROBIAL POPULATION DYNAMICS IN DELTAIC
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS – CASE STUDY
ON SFANTU GHEORGHE BRANCH
Alina Catrangiu, Daniela Niculescu, Irina Lucaciu,
Catalina Stoica, Carmen Chifiriuc, Grigore Mihaescu
123
III-O-11. LONG- TERM BIOLOGICAL CHANGES ALONG
DANUBE AND DANUBE DELTA SYSTEMS AFTER
INDUSTRIALIZATION PERIOD
Catalina Stoica, Stefania Gheorghe, Iuliana Paun,
Elena Stanescu, Cristina Dinu, Jana Petre, Irina Lucaciu
124
III-O-12. ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNS REGARDING
Ni AND Pb DISTRIBUTIONS AND MOBILITY IN RIVER
SEDIMENTS AFFECTED BY MINING ACTIVITIES
Lidia Kim, Georgiana Cisnovschi,
Bogdan Stanescu, Gheorghe Batrinescu
125
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INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
III-O-13. URBAN AIR POLLUTION WITH PARTICULATE MATTER;
DISTRIBUTION OF DIMENSIONAL FRACTIONS
AND CHEMICAL SPECIATION
Elena Bucur, Andrei Vasile, Mihaela Petrescu
127
III-O-14. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR MONITORING
CO2 EMISSIONS FROM THE ENERGY SECTOR
IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Mona Barbu, Elena Bucur, Mihai Bratu
128
III-O-15. CORROSIVITY OF ATMOSPHERES IN RELATION
TO AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
Andrei Vasile, Elena Bucur, Mihaela Petrescu
130
III-O-16. BIOMASS WASTE GASIFICATION IN ORDER
TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION
Valeriu Danciulescu, Andrei Vasile, Elena Bucur,
Mona Barbu
131
III-O-17. VALORIZATION OF SAME WASTE TO OBTAIN SOUND
ABSOPTION COMPOSITE MATERIALS, TARGETING
THE REDUCTION OF THE NOISE POLLUTION
Mihai Bratu, Ovidiu Dumitrescu, Ovidiu Vasile,
Elena Bucur, Valeriu Danciulescu
132
III-O-18. USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR
IMPROVING WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY
Catalina Raluca Mocanu, Lacramioara Diana Robescu
133
III-O-19. EFFICIENCY OF THE MONITORING INDICES IN EXPLAINING
THE DISSIMILARITY IN THE ECOLOGICAL STATE
OF LOTIC SYSTEMS IN DOBROGEA-LITORAL BASINS
Geta Risnoveanu, Marinela Moldoveanu, Gabriel Chiriac
135
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INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
- posters -
136
III-P-1. OPTIMIZING THE DETERMINATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE
PESTICIDES USING SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION
Luminita Barbu, Emilia Teaca
136
III-P-2. LEAD DETERMINATION USING A SYSTEM BASED ON
THE REDUCTION OF NON-FLUORESCENT RESAZURIN
TO FLUORESCENT RESORUFIN
A. Chivulescu, E. Ocnaru, G. Vasilescu,
M.L. Jecu, M. Badea-Doni
139
III-P-3. CHEMILUMINESCENT REACTIONS FOR MONITORIZATION
OF POTENTIAL TOXIC COMPOUNDS IN WATERS
A.I. Chivulescu, E. Ocnaru, M.C. Cheregi,
M.-L. Arsene, M. Badea- Doni
140
III-P-4. EVALUATING THE RESISTANCE OF AQUATIC
HETEROGENEOUS ECOSYSTEMS TO CHANGES
OF METAL CONTAMINANT LEVELS
O. Spinu, I. Povar
141
III-P-5. INVESTIGATION OF MONITORING SYSTEMS
FOR WATER QUALITY OF THE DANUBE RIVER
IN THE BORDER REGION ROMANIA – BULGARIA
M. Filipova, Iv. Zheleva, P. Roussev
142
III-P-6. EFFECTS OF NUTRIENTS POLLUTION
– PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
M. Vasilescu, G. Tevi, F. Grigore, V. Rojanschi
142
III-P-7. AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
OF CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS
Stefania Gheorghe, Irina Lucaciu, Iuliana Paun,
Catalina Stoica, Elena Stanescu, Alina Catrangiu
144
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INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
III-P-8. ISOLATION OF KERATINOPHILIC FUNGI FROM SOIL
M. Calin, I. Raut, L. Jecu, O. Dracea,
G. Vasilescu, V. Lazar
145
III-P-9. THE CONTENT OF TRACE ELEMENTS
IN SOILS AND PLANTS NEAR THE HIGHWAYS
OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Tamara Leah
145
III-P-10. NOVEL ASPECTS OF MICROBIAL DE GRADATION
OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) AND WOOD BLENDS
M. Calin, I. Raut, E. Grosu, M. Doni, M. L. Arsene,
G. Vasilescu, V. Purcar, L. Jecu
146
III-P-11. Pb (II) REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
BY FLOTATION WITH ATYPICAL COLLECTOR
Maria Gratiela Craioveanu (Ianos), Irina Lucaciu,
Stefania Gheorghe, Carolina Constantin, Ligia Stoica
147
III-P-12. TRANSPOSITION OF EU ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
FOR PROTECTING WATERS IN BULGARIA
Iv. Zheleva, M. Filipova, P. Roussev, K. Rayanova
148
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INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
SECTION IV
149
PRESENTATION OF COMPANIES AND/OR PRODUCTS,
APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENTS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION FIELD
- oral presentations -
151
IV-O-1. BUREAU VERITAS SUPPORTS CLIENTS AND ENVIRONMENT
THROUGH ENMS CERTIFICATION PROMOTION
Cristi Prescornita
151
IV-O-2. S.C. DFR SYSTEMS S.R.L.
153
IV-O-3. NOVAINTERMED S.R.L.
154
- exhibitionIV-O-4. NITECH S.R.L.
156
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PLENARY CONFERENCES
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PC-1. ASSESSMENT OF DANGEROUS RADIATIONS INDOOR
AND OURDOOR- IMPACT ON THE PUBLIC HEALTH
F. Vosniakos1, O. Serafeimidou1, A. Bais2
1
Postgraduate Studies Program “New Environmental Technologies”
Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki
2
Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Physics Department, Aristotelian
University of Thessaloniki
The dangerous radiation like ultraviolet, ionized, gamma and x have been
studied in order to evaluate their impact to the public health. Especially the
atmospheric ultraviolet radiation, due to the ozone hole, became more and
more important for the public health particularly in summer time. This
research has been focused to ultraviolet radiation (outdoor) in various
seasons, in different regions. Also, various types of lamps of varied power
have been investigated regarding their ultraviolet radiation production
(indoor). The significant conclusion is that the highest values of ultraviolet
radiation are observed in summer time and specifically at noon. The milky
lamps are produced less ultraviolet radiation than the transparent lamps
due to absorption. Similarly is between lamp - projector without mirror with
those with mirror. As more broad the spectrum of ultraviolet as the
absorption from the atmosphere is weedier.
Keywords: public health, ultraviolet radiation
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PC-2. “GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE” CONCEPT
Harmony of Community Needs with Environmental Values
in Land Use Planning
Caner Zanbak
Environmental Advisor, Turkish Chemical Manufacturers Association
Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected]
Providing subsistence, shelter and basic daily needs for more than 7 billion
people is a heavy burden on the natural resources worldwide. Conservation
and pollution prevention while utilizing the natural resources without
compromising the needs of the future generations is the key for
sustainability of development. In this regard, main task of the current
generations is to benefit from their physical land and natural resources in
an environment-friendly, “Green” manner in order to provide their future
generations a better quality of living conditions to further their
developments.
Developed countries of today are indebted their economic wealth to rapid
growth in their industrial activities in the last four decades. Community
service infrastructures and industrial activities heavily rely on utilization of
natural resources; namely, energy (oil, gas and coal), metallic and nonmetallic minerals, forestry and agriculture. Eventhough there is no globally
accepted performance criteria to characterize the environmental quality at
country level, it is a common perception that the environmental quality is
relatively better in the developed countries compared to the developing
countries.
Despite its vital role in sustainability of development, industry, especially
the mining and chemical manufacturing activities continue to have the
perceived negative image in the communities and are accused of not being
“Environment-Friendly - Green Enough”. However, it should be born in
mind that, there is no clear definition for “How Green is Green”.
In recent years “Green Infrastructure” has become synonymous of
“ecological networks” and a buzzword in European biodiversity policies.
Building up of a Green Infrastructure needs smart and integrated
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approaches to spatial planning and to ensure that natural resources are
utilized and land is turned into areas capable of providing multiple other
functions for nature and society. In this regard, ensuring an harmony
between the community needs and the existing environmental values
becomes a major task in land-use planning. In doing so, communicating the
good deeds of man-made interventions on land and mineral resource use
activities should also be a main task of these ecological networks.
In this presentation, a conceptual review of community infrastructure
projects along with applicable resource conservation, pollution prevention
and site reclamation/rehabilitation approaches will be presented and the
“How Green is Green?” question will be discussed.
PC-3. WHAT BIOSENSOR FOR POLLUTION CONTROL
IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS?
Jean Louis Marty
IMAGES EA 4218, Centre de Phytopharmacie, University of Perpignan Via
Domitia
52, Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
Toxic substances dangerous to humans, agricultural livestock and
wildlife may contaminate water resources and drinking water supplies.
These substances are natural such as heavy metals, toxins and pollutants
or synthetic compounds such as pesticides and pharmaceutical
compounds. The toxicity and ubiquity of these compounds make necessary
the development of fast, sensitive and reliable methods to detect them. The
analytic method that may be considered for their detection is HPLC, GC or
HPLC combined with mass spectroscopy (MS). To this purpose, many
groups have developed biosensors useful for a preliminary screening test
to assess the water quality. The main advantages of biosensors, over
traditional analytical techniques for the detection of environmental
contaminants, are their cost-effective, fast and portable detection, which
makes in situ and real time monitoring possible, without extensive sample
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preparation. However, most biosensors still have a few drawbacks. Mostly
they allow the detection of just one analyte.
Biosensors can be classified according to the type of recognition element
(enzymatic, whole cell or affinity-based biosensor) used. Enzymes were the
first recognition elements included in biosensors. Enzymatic biosensors
measure the selective inhibition or the catalysis of enzymes by a specific
target
Another frequently used recognition element, especially for the monitoring
of environmental pollutants, are whole cells such as bacteria, fungi, yeast,
animal or plant cells.
Affinity-based sensors are very sensitive, selective and versatile since
affinity-based recognition elements can be generated for a wide range of
targets.
In this lecture, innovative biosensors for environmental monitoring, based
on enzyme, bacteria and affinity receptor will be presented.
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IWA - YWP WORKSHOP:
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
WS-1. A SURVEY OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER
AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Andrei Stoicescu, Dan Niculae Robescu
University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Department of Hydraulics,
Hydraulical Machinery and Environmental Engineering,
313 Splaiul Independentei,060042 Bucharest,Romania,
[email protected]
Water is an essential substance for living systems as it allows the transport
of nutrients and waste products in living systems. Research shows a clear
correlation between diseases and the amount and types of fluids
consumed, health-promoting properties of nutrients which can be added to
water, optimal intake levels, and consumption patterns. Although three
quarters of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, most of that water is
not suitable for human consumption. Today, hundreds of millions of people
in vast regions of the world do not have access to water to meet their basic
needs. Natural disasters also create conditions which limit the availability of
water that is suitable for human consumption. Industrial processes use
significant amounts of water which require treatment before discharging to
surface water systems. Municipal wastewater treatment systems discharge
their effluents which often impact the aquatic organisms. This paper
provides a survey of new developments and innovations relative to water
treatment for drinking purposes and wastewater treatment during the last
few years. For drinking water treatment, the recent technological
advancements relate to primarily filtration (media filtration and membrane
systems), disinfection processes, ion exchange, and carbon adsorption
processes. For wastewater treatment, a significant majority of recent
developments relate to biological processes and advanced treatment
technologies such as adsorption. A review of the recent patents show
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innovative designs for treatment units, efficient approaches for water
quality, as well as nanotechnology applications for removing impurities and
disinfection purposes.
The concern over increasing needs for drinking water and awareness for
development of systems to improve water quality both for drinking
purposes and for effluents from wastewater treatment and industrial
facilities have provided incentives to develop new technologies and
improve performance of existing technologies. In this paper, the patents on
treatment of water and wastewater approved during the period from 1999
to 2007 were reviewed. The patents surveyed were classified into two
groups as technologies for water purification systems for drinking water,
and technologies for treatment of wastewater. An assessment of the
current and future outlook for development of new technologies, methods
of treatment, equipment and instruments which can be used for water and
wastewater treatment applications are presented.
Keywords: Water treatment, water filtration, ultrapure water, wastewater
treatment, ion exchange, disinfection, sorption, membrane
filtration, nanofiltration, wastewater.
WS-2. CONTRIBUTIONS ON BIOLOGICAL REACTORS FLOW
OPTIMIZATION
Elena Elisabeta Manea
University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Department of Hydraulics, Hydraulic
Machinery and Environmental Engineering, 313 Splaiul Independentei,
Bucharest, RO-060042, [email protected], Telephone: (0040) 72275-186
In order for the biological processes in wastewater treatment systems to
develop optimally a good contact between the microorganisms and the
substrate has to be realized. The reactors homogeneity can be achieved by
applying intensive mixing systems that have high energy consumption. This
paper has the aim of determining the optimal system that can assure the
close contact while maintaining the energy need as low as possible.
Keywords: wastewater, biological treatment, flow optimization
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WS-3. TEMPERATURE AND MIXING SIMULATIONS
IN AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
Doru Lucian Manea, Elena Elisabeta Manea, Dan Niculae Robescu
University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Department of Hydraulics,
Hydraulical Machinery and Environmental Engineering,
313 Splaiul Independentei Street, Bucharest, Romania,
[email protected], 076-545-4503
Domestic wastewater treatment plants have high energy loads for a good
development of treatment processes. The organic load of sludge resulting
from wastewater treatment is an inexhaustible source of potential energy to
the treatment plant, if used in an efficient process of anaerobic digestion
(AD). Since AD is also a major consumer of energy, then to get a larger
amount of energy than necessary for the process, it is necessary to
optimize the anaerobic digester, both in terms of hydraulic and in terms of
heat, so that the heat loss is minimal and the temperature distribution to be
uniform.
Keywords: wastewater treatment, anaerobic digestion, optimization
WS-4. MODELING THE DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN
CONCENTRATION IN BIOREACTORSOF A LEACHATE
TREATMENT PLANT
Mihai Cristian Necsoiu, Dan Niculae Robescu
University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Department of Hydraulics,
Hydraulical Machinery and Environmental Engineering,
313 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
[email protected]
A necessary condition for proper functioning of the economically optimal
biological reactor is the correlation between the flow rate of introduced and
consumed oxygen during the metabolic degradation of organic materials.
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Modelling of physical, chemical and biological processes of aeration tanks
in leachate treatment plants is difficult because they are very complex. In
the aerobic biological reactor, the oxygen consumption varies over time
and space due to the unevenness of the influent load of biodegradable
organic substances or change the kinetic relationship between the growth
rates of biomass and elimination rates of the substrate.
Biological reactors for the treatment of leachate considered, provided with
two types of air dispersion devices placed at the bottom of the basin
(perforated pipe in the first bioreactor and porous diffusers in second
bioreactor), was created using Flex PDE, two models.
Modelling the dissolved oxygen concentration in the leachate, was aimed to
optimize the process of mass transfer of oxygen from air into water, having
an important role in minimizing the operating costs of facilities, energetic
optimization of aeration systems and an improving on performances for
leachate treatment.
The models were designed for a two-dimensional domain, and to
appreciate the distribution of oxygen concentration for both bioreactors
equipped with different lenses (perforated pipes and porous diffusers).
Numerical integration of the dispersion equation for the analysed case was
adapted by running a program written by the user using Flex PDE software
package. The phenomenon of mass transfer at the interface was found by
a continuous flow conditions required in the surface pores through which
compressed air is blown.
The results show that the use of air insufflation made from porous diffusers
is more efficient, compared to the system made from perforated pipes, the
required value of the concentration of dissolved oxygen reached in a time
period much lower, similar to that encountered in practice.
Keywords: modelling, dispersion, dissolved oxygen.
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WS-5. AEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE VS. CONVENTIONAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Costel Bumbac, Ioana Ionescu, Olga Tricolici
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060653, Bucharest,
sector 6, Romania, Phone: +40/21/4100377; fax: +40/21/4100575;
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Due to stringent regulations and increased awareness towards
environmental protection, during the past decades were developed and
implemented several wastewater treatment technologies which proved to
be more or less effective or cost-efficient. Recent trend in wastewater
treatment research focuses on developing new biological wastewater
treatment technologies with higher removal efficiencies and lower
investment and/or operational costs. The performance of a biological
system for wastewater treatment depends significantly on the active
biomass concentration, the overall biodegradation rates, the reactor
configuration, and the feeding rates of the pollutants and oxygen. The
paper presents the aerobic granular sludge comparatively towards the
conventional biological technologies in terms of performances, investment
and operational costs. Aerobic granular sludge has several advantages
over conventional technologies such as fast settling ability, high biomass
retention and ability to withstand high organic loading including potential
toxic substrates, leading towards a compact reactor system thus allowing
high conversion rates and efficient biomass separation to minimize the
reactor volume.
Keywords: wastewater treatment, aerobic granular sludge
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WS-6. FORMATION OF AEROBIC GRANULES IN SEQUENCING
BATCH REACTOR TREATING DAIRY INDUSTRY WASTEWATER
Ioana Alexandra Ionescu, Costel Bumbac, Olga Tricolici
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060653, Bucharest,
sector 6, Romania, Phone: +40/21/4100377; fax: +40/21/4100575; e-mail:
[email protected]
Aerobic granular technology, compared to conventional activated sludge
wastewater treatment plants, is a novel alternative offering numerous
advantages such as high biomass retention, good settling ability and
simultaneous removal of organic load and nutrients. The main focus of
research was to evaluate granules formation and evolution of treatment
performances during startup and steady state conditions. The experiments
were performed in lab scale sequencing batch reactors with automated
control of the operational cycle: anaerobic feeding (45min.), aerobic
reaction (11 h), settling (5min.) and effluent withdrawal (10 min.). One of
the bioreactors (D) was inoculated with conventional activated sludge while
the other one (GM) was inoculated with crushed aerobic granular sludge.
Both bioreactors were fed with dairy industry wastewater with high organic
and nutrients load (CODCr=1723 – 3550 mg O2/L, BOD5 = 492 – 1806
mgO2/L; NH4+= 64.6 - 114 mg/L, P tot = 5.04 – 21.5 mg/L). Aerobic
granular structures were observed even after 5 days (10 treatment cycles)
with 67 to 556 μm in diameter in D bioreactor and with 392 to 1200 μm in
GM bioreactor. The granules diameter in D bioreactor increased
significantly after 25 days to diameters between 513 μm and 1276 μm and
up to 2 mm by the end of the experiment. The granules in GM bioreactor
increased to 764-1482 μm and up to 4 mm in diameter by the end of the
experiment. Treatment performances increased rapidly along with the
growth of granules size.
Keywords: aerobic granular sludge, dairy wastewater, SBR
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WS-7. EVALUATION OF COMBINED ACTIVATED SLUDGE –
MICROALGAE SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Olga Tricolici1, Costel Bumbac1, Valeriu Badescu, Carmen Postolache2
1
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial EcologyECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Bucharest,
sector 6, Romania, phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575;
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
2
University of Bucharest, Department of Systems Ecology, 91-95 Splaiul
Independentei Street, 050095, Bucharest, sector 5, Romania,
phone/fax: +40/21/3181571
The biotechnological principle of using combined microalgae – activated
sludge system for wastewater treatment consists in bidirectional metabolic
fluxes that can be established between the photoautotrophic microalgae
and heterotrophic bacteria. Thereby, the oxygen released during the
photosynthesis process by the microalgae species is used by bacteria to
degrade organic matter, the resulted degradation products (mainly CO 2)
being used in turn as nutrients by the microalgae for cell development.
Since the microalgae biotechnology was first recognized as a viable
solution for wastewater treatment, it was used mainly for tertiary treatment.
However, during the last decade, several researchers focused their studies
on using the microalgae-activated sludge system for secondary wastewater
treatment, high treatment performances for domestic and industrial
wastewaters being attained.
The main drawback of this biotechnology is represented by the poor
microalgae cells recovery, currently applied methods (centrifugation,
filtration, flocculation/coagulation etc.) involving high costs, contamination
with heavy metals, filter clogging etc. In order to solve this problem, several
researches were conducted in this field and, until now, bio-flocculation
method seems to be the most feasible solution.
Keywords: microalgae-activated sludge system, microalgae recovery,
wastewater treatment
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WS-8. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RIVER BASINS FROM ROMANIA
Elena Godeanu, Alina Carstea
National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management
Sos. Bucuresti-Ploiesti 97 sector 1, Bucharest
[email protected], [email protected]
The objective of the Decision no. 1076 of 8 July 2004 on establishing the
procedure for environmental assessment for plans and programs, is to
provide a high level of environmental protection and contribute to the
integration of environmental considerations into the preparation and
adaptation of certain plans and programs, to promote sustainable
development by making a environmental assessment of plans and
programs that may have significant environmental effects.
Environmental assessment is an integral part of the procedure for the
adaptation of plans and programs.
In the field of water management the Directory Scheme of River Basins
Management and Development is a planning instrument in the water field
on river basin. It has two components: the River Basin Development Plan,
component of water resources quantitative management and the River
Basin Management Plan, component of water qualitative management.
The purpose of the National Development Plan for River Basins is to
determine the actions, measures, options, solutions and works for:
achieving and maintain the balance between water requirements and
availability of resources, mitigation of negative effects of natural
phenomenon on life, goods, human activities and of environment, the use
of water potential and determining the environment requirements on water
resources and water management in terms of climate change.
The main objectives for the river basin management plans defined by
Ministerial Order no. 1258/2006 integrate objectives in relation to the
requirement of water and therefore it reflects in the River Basin National
Development Plan.
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The current development plans, including the national plan, were
elaborated on the basis of substantiation studies, elaborated by numerous
institutions in the field, studies to which NIHWM participated not only as
developer, but also as coordinator.
Strategic Environmental Assessment for NDPRB was done by following the
steps set by GD 1076/2004.
In the environmental assessment of NDPRB, the plan objectives contribute
to achieving environmental objectives relevant to consider the potential
significant environmental effects if the plan was implemented or not as
follows: analysis of the national environment on existing data and
information support, identification of environmental aspects and
environmental issues relevant to the national territory for which NDPRB
may have a direct addressing, identification/formulation of the relevant
environmental objectives to which NDPRB has to respond for the
identified environmental issues, the analysis of environmental conditions
without the implementation of NDPRB provisions, assessing the effects on
the environment generated by the alternatives analyzed by NDPRB and
justifying the chosen alternative, through the evaluation of how the
proposed objectives and measures contribute to relevant environmental
objectives.
Strategic environmental assessment involves the analysis plan objectives
from the perspective of potential conflicts that may arise in achieving them.
From the perspective of the strategic environmental assessment of NDPRB
there is identified mainly the opportunity of promoted measures according
to the magnitude and reversibility of environmental effects, with emphasis
on consideration of national security perspective to ensure water demand
and general aspect of the geographic location for the establishments.
Keywords: environmental assessment, Directory Scheme of River Basins
Management and Development, National Development Plan of
River Basin
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INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
SECTION I
SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
- plenary conferences
- oral presentations
- posters
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- PLENARY CONFERENCES -
PC-4. COMBINED SORPTION MATERIALS BASED ON
BLEACHED COTTON FIBERS AND FERROCYANIDES
OF d-METALS, SORPTION AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES
Vita Galysh1, Mykola Kartel1, Vitaliy Milyutin2
Institute of Surface Chemistry, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine; е-mail:
[email protected];
1 Chuiko
2 Frumkin
Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, RAS,
Moscow, Russia
Radiocesium-137 is a long-lived radioactive isotope with high toxicity
and migration properties. Its accumulation in the human body causes a
number of diseases. Sorption methods with the application of ferrocyanides
of d-metals ([FC]K-Me) is used for extraction of cesium radionuclides from
aqueous solutions and biological media. [FC]K-Me are microcrystalline and
highly dispersed substances, which are characterized by relatively high
selectivity to the cesium ions, also chemical and thermal stability. The
immobilization of such substances on solid carriers improves their exploring
characteristics.
We developed the method for obtaining of combined sorbents based
on
bleached
cotton
fiber
(BCF)
and
[FC]K-Me
(Me:
Cu2+,Fe3+,Ni2+,Co2+,Zn2+) intended for concentration of radioactive cesium.
Obtaining of the samples of sorption materials was carried out by modifying
BCF by [FC]K-Me colloidal solutions under hydrothermal conditions that
promotes the activated adsorption of [FC]-particles on the surface of
cellulose. Obtained by this method sorbents are characterized by persistent
retention of inorganic phase in volume of the matrix in the pH range 3.0–
11.0.
Study of the sorption properties of the combined sorbents with
respect to 137Cs was performed from the model solutions. Obtained
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sorption materials based on mixed salts [FC]K-Ni and [FC]K-Co are
characterized by the maximum value of the degree of extraction of 137Cs
from aqueous solutions (99.9%). Samples based on [FC]K-Fe and [FC]KCu obtained at the same conditions of modification process achieve values
of the degree of extraction 99.0 and 95.3% respectively. In the case of
application of sorbent based on BCF and [FC]K-Zn has the lowest value of
the degree of extraction - 62%. At the same time the distribution
coefficients (in cm3/g) of obtained cellulose sorbents based on [FC]K-Me
decrease in the following order: [FC]K-Ni (8.4*105) > [FC]K-Co (3.5*105) >
[FC]K-Fe (4.0*104) > [FC]K-Cu (7.62*103) > [FC]K-Zn (6.36*102).
The analysis of IR-spectra in the range 4000 - 300 cm-1 indicates the
appearance in the spectra of the modified samples the valence vibration
band of CN-groups (2144 cm -1) after immobilization of [FC]-phase. IR
spectra of initial and modified BCF are characterized by the presence of
absorption bands at 3600-3000 cm-1, which correspond to the valence
vibrations of free OH-groups. The broadening of these bands for modified
sample indicates a partial disordering and the restructuring of the hydrogen
bonds during modification process, as a consequence, the appearance of a
greater number of available hydroxyl groups for hydration. X-ray diffraction
of the initial and modified samples shows a slight decrease in intensity in
the range of 2θ as 9-32o on diffraction for modified samples that is also
indicates the disordering in cellulose structure. Modification process leads
to a slight decrease the crystallinity of cellulose structure in average 7-12%.
The results of DTA indicate the processes of thermal degradation of
cellulose in the samples: at the temperatures till 120 and after 270 °C –
correspondingly removal of physically and chemically bonded water, and at
the range 270-450 °C - fiber degradation. For initial BCF thermal
degradation process ends at 500 °C, while samples modified by [FC]-phase
characterized by the less degradation temperature which is 420-450 °C.
The shift of the final decomposition temperature of the modified samples in
the lower temperature region is connected with higher content of
amorphous component in the cellulosic material that is easily amenable to
thermal transformations.
Thus, obtained sorbents can be used as a filter material for removal
of radioactive cesium from aqueous solutions and biological liquids.
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PC-5. NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF WATER TREATMENT
ON THE BASIS OF SORPTIO AND CATALYSIS PROCESSES
Tudor Lupascu
Institute of Chemistry of ASM
3, Academiei st., MD-2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
E-mail: [email protected], tel: 0037322725490;
Fax: 0037322739954
Active carbons and catalysts obtained on their basis are valuable
chemicals products widely used in various fields, including the purification
of waste water, potabilization of surface water and groundwater. Adsorption
of harmful substances and their transformation on catalytic supports is a
complex process. It depends on the effective radius and the pore sorption
volume, surface area of meso- and macropores, the quantity and quality of
active centers of carbonaceous adsorbents, and chemical structure,
molecular weight, physical-chemical state of adsorbed substance.
The report contains the results of scientific research related to
synthesis of activated carbons from plant raw material. The chemical
reactions that occur during charcoal carbonization and activation of
vegetable raw materials are discussed. Structural parameters values are
given as well as of the adsorption capacity of intact activated carbons and
of those oxidized with various chemical agents.
Active carbons and catalysts obtained on the basis of these
carbonaceous adsorbents were used in the process of removal from
surface water and groundwater of organic compounds and inorganic
compounds in reduced state. Chemical mechanisms are presented for
reactions occurring during the adsorption and transformation of organic and
inorganic pollutants.
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PC-6. INNOVATIVE IN SITU REMEDIAL TECHNIQUES – KNOWLEDGE
TRANSFER AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
Robert Raschman1, Lenka Wimmerova1, Jan Nemecek2, Eliska Kosinova1,
Jan Kukacka1, Petr Kozubek2, Ondrej Lhotsky1, Marek Svab1,
Ljuba Zidkova1
1
DEKONTA, a. s., Dretovice 109, 273 42 Stehelceves, Czech Republic,
[email protected]
2
ENACON, s.r.o., Krcska 16, 140 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic,
[email protected]
This paper refers to practical knowledge obtained during a transfer of
innovative in situ remedial technologies (chemical oxidation – ISCO,
enhanced biological dechlorination – bioERD and nano-zero-valent iron –
nZVI and their combination), from laboratory conditions to company
remedial practice.
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is one of promising remediation
technologies applied within the Central and Eastern Europe. Type and
extent of contamination, as well as treated matrix and an application
method are driving parameters for determining, which of the oxidation
agents and/or their combinations is the best choice for set site conditions.
Laboratory model experiments of Fenton’s reagent, potassium
permanganate and sodium persulfate (activated as well as non-activated)
and selected conclusions of pilot-scale tests carried out on sites
contaminated by chlorinated ethenes will be presented. Further, information
on a possibility improving ISCO performance by adding of surfactants will
be given.
Biologically enhanced reductive dechlorination (bioERD) offers a potential
for destruction of chlorinated ethenes by an addition of a suitable electron
donor directly to a contaminated ground. Organic by-products or
processing waste of a food industry (e.g. beet molasses, stillage, whey)
represent suitable as well as low-cost alternative electron donors for
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boosting the biological ERD process. Results of laboratory experiments
and pilot-scale testing performed on sites contaminated by chloroethylenes
will be outlined.
Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) has 20 to 30-times higher reactivity then
conventional ZVI and thus this aspect is often stated as a main advantage
of its usage (as a contrariety to its high price). Stoichiometry and
passivation of nZVI active surface by reaction by-products are closely
associated together and this fact directly influences practical efficacy this
material. Experimental testing of various nZVI samples’ reactivity (coming
from different suppliers) on Cr(VI+) and achieved results of a pilot-scale
application on a site polluted by chlorinated hydrocarbons and petroleum
substances will be introduced.
Moreover, ERD and nZVI can be successfully combined in order to speed
up remedial process, stabilise its performance and to cut clean-up financial
costs. During this remedial train, nZVI particles generally accelerate an
establishment of anaerobic conditions in the ground and make the first
decomposition step (chemical reduction) of pollutants of target. Later, the
bioERD process finishes contamination treatment and, in general, returns
natural conditions on remediated sites. Selected results from laboratory to
pilot-scales of Cr(VI+) and Persistent Organic pollutants (POPs)
decontamination will be presented.
Acknowledgement:
Authors would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the
Czech Republic, the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, the 7th
Framework Programme of the European Community and EUREKA for their
financial supports (grants no. FD-K3/025, FI-IM2/086, FI-IM4/143, FRTI3/244, TA01021792, UPSOIL 226956, and E!5164).
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PC-7. STUDIES REGARDING OBTAINING UNCONVENTIONAL FUELS
FROM SLUDGES COMING FROM TERTIARY TREATMENT
OF SOME WASTEWATERS
Nicolae Strimbeanu1, Mihaela Scurtu1, Laurentiu Demetrovici1,
Orlando Cucu2
1
PRO AIR CLEAN ECOLOGIC S.A.
2
LANT MINIER S.R.L. Petrosani
Tertiary wastewater treatment sludge can become a source of
potential fuels. Up to now, the methods applied for making the best use of
such sources aim at either obtaining energy through indirect processes or
using sludge for agricultural land improvement. Most methods applied on a
national scale have major technical and economic disadvantages and a
negative impact on the environment.
The present paper summarizes the studies conducted by the
researchers of PRO AIR CLEAN ECOLOGIC S.A. Timisoara. The purpose
of the paper is to promote the direct use of sludge and its resulting
advantages.
Beside the direct use of tertiary wastewater treatment sludge, the
effective application of byproducts as well as waste resulting from various
economic sectors is also taken into consideration.
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- ORAL PRESENTATIONS -
I-O-1. REMOVAL OF SULPHATE AND HEAVY METALS
FROM MINE WATER - COMPARISON OF ETTRINGITE PRECIPITATION
VS. NANO FILTRATION IN A PILOT PLANT
E. Janneck1, T. Aubel1, M. Cook2, J. Lantzsch3, A. Widmaier4
1
G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Gewerbepark “Schwarze Kiefern”,
09633 Halsbrücke, Germany
2
Rosia Montana Gold Corporation, Str. Piata, nr 321, RO-517615 Rosia
Montana, Romania
3
WISUTEC Umwelttechnik GmbH, Jagdschänkenstr. 33, 09117 Chemnitz,
Germany
4
Bauer Water GmbH, Schafwiesenstr. 5-11, 78655 Dunninngen-Seehof,
Germany
The Rosia Montana Gold Corporation is developing the Rosia Montana
Gold Project located in the Apuseni Mountains of Romania. The
development of this project includes treatment of all AMD generated from
historical mining activities which have taken place over the last 2000 years.
WISUTEC GmbH has developed innovative technology for removal of
heavy metals and sulphate from the AMD. Following extensive laboratory
tests [1] a pilot plant designed by WISUTEC was fabricated by Bauer Water
GmbH, in Germany, and transported to the project site for testing.
Positioned at the historical underground mines lowest discharge point (Adit
714) in Rosia Montana, the pilot plant operated continuously (24/7) over a
period of 8 months from January to August 2012. Following this testing
period the pilot plant was transferred to RMGC’s Environmental
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Department, whom operates the pilot plant locally, and has also assisted in
the testing of AMD water from other mine sites in Romania.
The pilot plant includes two flow sheets, or technological approaches, to
metal and sulphate removal: The first is a two-stage precipitation process
comprising lime dosing to precipitate metal hydroxides followed by ettringite
precipitation for sulfate removal. The second is a nano filtration process for
sulphate removal, including a chemical pretreatment of the feed (if
necessary) and subsequent precipitation of sulphates from the concentrate
(or brine) produced.
The applicable Romanian surface water discharge standards (NTPA001)
could be consistently achieved with both technologies during testing at
ambient air temperatures ranging from -20°C to +35°C. The trials have
provided reliable “real world” data for industrial scale design and application
tailored to project site conditions.
[1]
E. Janneck, M. Cook, C. Kunze, K. Sommer, L. Dinu (2012): Ettringite
Precipitation vs. Nano-Filtration for Efficient Sulphate Removal from
Mine Water. – International Mine Water Association Symposium,
Bunbury, Western Australia, Proceedings, pp. 206I-206R
I-O-2. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES OF AQUEOUS
MEDIA LOW-CONTAMINATED BY URANIUM
AND ACCOMPANYING HEAVY METALS
I-C Popescu (Hostuc)1, N. Tomus1, L. Stoica2
1
R&D National Institute for Metals and Radioactive Resources INCDMRRICPMRR, Research Department, Environment Protection Laboratory,
Code 020917, 70 Carol I Blvd., Bucharest 2, Romania,
[email protected] , Telephone: 004021-315 23 41, Fax: 004021313 12 58
2
University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and
Materials Science, Code 11061, 1 Polizu Street, Bucharest 1-7, Romania
The environmental pollution by radioactive and heavy metals species
represents a continuous challenge for the scientific community mainly due
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to their negative impact on the human health. Mine waters and the effluents
resulted from the uranium ores processing activity contain beside uranium
radio-elements and heavy metals. The enforced legislation that regulates
the safety limit concentration of the uranium and accompanying elements in
the aqueous media specific to the uranium ores must be respected.
Therefore it is necessary to develop new highly effective treatment
technologies for the removal of the radioactive and heavy metals from
those systems.
Among the studied treatment technologies for the decontamination of those
aqueous media, the Ra226 removal by co-precipitation as Ra(Ba)SO4 and
Ra(Ba)CO3 respectively, followed by flotation has been studied and
implemented. The removal of Mo (VI) from tailing ponds using sorptionflotation technique was also investigated. Other investigated treatment
technologies as environmentally friendly alternatives to the classical
decontamination ones (ion exchange and solvent extraction) were
biotechnologies, fito-remediation and biosorption. The adsorption process
on a large variety of materials is still investigated and applied. Ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, contaminants’ transport across either supported
liquid membranes or emulsified liquid membranes were recently developed.
Another, relatively recent developed remediation method involves reactive
iron nano-particles utilization for uranium and heavy metals immobilization
based on system’s redox potential manipulation. The separation efficiency
of this method may be improved using other techniques such as dissolvedair flotation technique in order to get the uranium an heavy metals
concentrations in the resulted effluent to the safety limits stipulated by the
enforced legislation. The present contribution aims to present the
progresses recorded in this very challenging field of interest emphasizing
the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment technology. The
combined technologies can provide the right answer, if one does not use
additional polluting agents.
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I-O-3. CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF TEXTILE DYES MIXTURE
AND AUXILIARY COMPOUNDS IN MODEL SOLUTIONS
M. Gonta1, Gh. Duca2, V. Matveevici1, L. Mocanu1, V. Iambartev1
1
State University of Moldova, 60 Alexei Mateevici St., Chisinau, MD-2009,
Republic of Moldova
e-mаil: [email protected], phone: (373) 22 577553, fax: (373) 22
577553
2.
Academy of Sciences, 1 Stefan cel Mare Bd., Chisinau, MD-2001,
Republic of Moldova
Advanced oxidation methods of organic compounds lead to their
partial mineralization and enhance of adsorption process efficiency on the
surface of oxidized activated carbon.
For this purpose it has been studied the catalytic photo-oxidation
process of compounds in the following mixture: direct brown dye (CD) - 200
mg / l ethylene glycol (ETG) - 60mg / l and anionic surfactant (sodium lauryl
sulfate, SLS) - 60 mg / l . We have studied the oxidation process using
model solutions containing this mixture (CD, ETG and SLS) under the
action of Fenton’s reagent, in the presence and absence of UV irradiation
or under the action of electric current (in the electrochemical cell). The
same studies were performed by replacing the iron(II) ion with titanium
dioxide.
As a result of laboratory research, we have found increasing of the
oxidation degree and mineralization, by photocatalytic oxidation and thus
decreased the concentration of organic compounds. Due to the oxidation of
dye molecules and other auxiliary components, by strong oxidation ability
of free OH* radicals, resulted carbon dioxide, water and low molecular
organic compounds (alcohols, ketones, organic acids). The decrease of
mixture of organic compounds concentration (for the values of COD-Cr)
depends on the nature of catalysts and the presence of electric power. The
oxidation degree is greater in the presence of iron (II) ions than in the
presence of titanium dioxide after oxidation of the mixture of organic
compounds with hydrogen peroxide in model solutions. One explanation is
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that UV irradiation increases the concentration of free OH* radicals as iron
ions further decompose hydrogen peroxide, but in the presence of titanium
dioxide, the leading band electrons are accepted by free OH* radicals,
converting these radicals to ions, as shown in the mechanism by GARCIA,
J., et al. This leads to lower concentration of OH* radicals in model solution
and reducing of oxidation effect, respectively. On the contrary, in the
presence of electric power, electrons are accepted by the electrode, and
the OH* radicals concentration does not decrease, but increases, and this
leads to the enhancement of the oxidation effect and mineralization of
organic compounds.
After oxidation for 1 hour of the pattern solutions of dye CD,
ethylene glycol, and anionic surfactant with photo-Fenton‘s reagent and
electric power, the oxidation level was 91-95%.
It was established that the treatment with the titanium dioxide
mixture (0.5g / l) and Photo-Fenton’s reagent, lead to an oxidation degree
and digestion of 57-77%, using only electrochemical method - 64-75%.
References
1. BOURAS, O., BOLLINGER, J., BAUDU, M. Adsorption of diuron and its
degradation products from aqueous solition by surfactant –modified
pillared clays. Applied. Clay Science. 2007, nr. 37, 240-250.
2. GARCIA, J., OLIVEIRA, J., SILVA, C., OLIVEIRA, C. Comparative srudy
of the degradation of real textile effluents gy photocatalytic reaction
involving UV/TiO/H2O2 and UV/Fe 2+/H2O2 systems. J. Hazardous
Materials. 2007, 147.105-110.
3. HIDAKA, H., AJISAKA, K., HARIKOSHI, S., OYAMA, T. Photo-induced
oxidative synergistic degrasation pf mixed anionic/cationic surfactant
systems in aqueous diapersions. A detailed study of the DBS/HTAB
system, App.Catalysis B.Environmental. 2010, 99, 485-489.
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I-O-4. DICLOFENAC REMOVAL AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS
FROM WASTEWATERS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Monica Ihos, Vasile Iancu, Jana Petre
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, [email protected]
Pharmaceuticals are used on a wide scale and their use and
diversity is raising yearly. They are designed to have a specific pathway of
action and also certain persistence in humans and animals. Because of
these features a great part of pharmaceuticals pass unchanged through
their bodies and thus, by urine and excrements, they reach wastewaters.
Concerns related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in water are due to
their toxic effects upon the aquatic organisms detected at low levels of
concentration. Most of pharmaceuticals pass unchanged through
wastewater treatment plants and thus they emerge into waters bodies.
Because of extraordinary performances of the analytical chemistry the
investigation regarding the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment
are nowadays possible. The pharmaceuticals were found in the range of
ng/L-μg/L in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants and surface
waters. The electrochemical methods are efficient tools for wastewater
treatment. The aim of this paper was to apply the electrochemical oxidation
on Dimensionally Stable Anodes to remove pharmaceuticals at low
concentrations from wastewaters. Two anodic compositions were used:
Ti/RuO2 – TiO2 and Ti/RuO2/SnO2 – Sb2O5-RuO2 and diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which is recalcitrant to biological
degradation, was chosen as a model of pharmaceuticals. The experiments
were carried out by using simulated solutions of diclofenac of 1 mg/L in 0.1
M Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte and spiked effluent of a wastewater
treatment plant. The applied current densities were 100, 200 and 300 A/m2
and pH of 5.8 and 11. The process was followed by recording the UV
spectra and assessing the diclofenac concentration in the electrolysed
solutions by HPLC with UV-VIS detection. The best results were obtained
by using Ti/RuO2/SnO2 – Sb2O5-RuO2.
Keywords: electrochemical oxidation, dimensionally stable anodes,
diclofenac
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I-O-5. ADVANCED DEGRADATION OF 4-CHLOROANILINE
FROM WATER IN UV/TiO2/H2O2 SYSTEM
Ines Nitoi1, Petruta Oancea2, Ionut Cristea1
1
National Research&Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND
2
Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of
Bucharest
Chlorinated aniline belongs to the anilines family which are common
pollutants, being frequently used as intermediates for the chemical
synthesis in polymer, rubber, pesticide, pharmaceutical and dye industries.
Due to their high toxicity and persistence in aquatic environment, they are
classified by European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC as the
priority pollutants and are restrictedly regulated in EU countries. Since their
presence in water bodies is risky for human health and aquatic life,
developing of powerful, modern treatment methods like advanced oxidation
processes (AOPs) are necessary in order to assure pollution mitigation. If
properly applied, TiO2-based photocatalysis can be regarded as an
environmentally friendly and cheap treatment option.
In the present study, solution with (0.14-14.2) x 10-4 M 4-CLA content were
photo-oxidized in the following working conditions: pH=4; [TiO 2] = 50-500
mg/L; [H2O2] = (0.1-10)x10-3M; tirr = 5 – 180 minutes.
The pollutant degradation pathway by three possible routes was proposed,
according to organic intermediates identified by gas-cromatograph coupled
with mass spectrometry-screening method. The first route consists of OH
radical attack on target pollutants with amino group substitution and 4chlorophenol (4-CP) formation. The second degradation route represents
OH radical attack on aromatic ring by hydrogen abstraction with anilineradical formation, that is subsequently stabilized by dimerization to 4,4’dichloroazobenzene (DCAB), which is further oxidised to 4chloronitrobenzene (4-NCB). The third route of pollutant degradation takes
place by a heterolytic mechanism consisting of hydrogen and chloride
atoms release, as HCl, and aniline (A) formation, which is oxidized to 4aminophenol (4-AP) by OH radicals addition to the aromatic ring. The
secondary intermediates (4-CP, 4-AP, 4-NCB) are subsequently
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hydroxilated to hydroquinone that is also oxidized to benzoquinone leading
to carboxylic acids by its ring cleavage under OH radical atack.
Based on experimental results can be concluded that after 90 minutes of
irradiation, 4-CLA was complete degraded. Mineralization yields of organic
chlorine and nitrogen were around 81% and 85%, respectively for
prolonged irradiation (180 min.). These results are consistent with
presented degradation pathway that proposed as intemediates, aromatic
compound like 4-CP, A, 4-NCB and 4-AP. The presence of these
intermediates in irradiated samples is also supported by 82.4% TOC
removal yield obtained at prolonged irradiation.
Keywords:
photocatalysis,
degradation
UV/TiO2/H2O2
system,
4-chloroaniline
I-O-6. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR OBTAINING
COMPOSITE “CORE-SHELL” NANOSTRUCTURES
AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS
C. Gaidau1, M. Simion2, J. Ma3, Q. Xu3, L. Pascu2, D. Simion1,
M. Niculescu2
1
The National Research and Development Institute for Textile and
Leather, Leather and Footwear Research Institute Division, Bucharest,
Romania, tel:+40 21 3235060, e-mail:[email protected]
2
The National Research – Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,
Bucharest, Romania, tel:+40 21 4106716, e-mail:[email protected]
3
Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi’an, China, tel:
8602986268010, e-mail:[email protected]; [email protected]
This paper presents advanced technologies for obtaining composite “CoreShell” nanostructures and environmental applications. Composite “CoreShell” are structured nanoparticles which contain a core from one material
(coloured, fluorescent, with magnetic properties, drug container, full or
empty) and a protective shell from another material (stabilizing particles,
with biorecognition, receptive and optical functions, etc.) with sizes ranging
between 20 and 200 nm. The basic composition for both the core and the
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shell can be changed, providing a wide range of properties and
applications.
The existence of drugs, hormones, toxic substances, synthetic polymers,
etc in wastewaters is a great problem for environment. In this research the
technologies for obtaining biodegradable "Core-Shell" composites with
shell from natural biopolymers (collagen, casein or their combination) and
immobilized in core drugs (ampicillin or gentamicin) in the smallest amount
were developed.
The experimental techniques used in the study of the release mechanisms
and identification from water will consist in ultraviolet, infrared spectral
methods, electronic scanning and optical microscopy, chromatography. All
the analytical methods will provide proper information regarding the
structure of the resulted “Core-Shell” composite and interactions with
drugs.
Knowing and controlling the release mechanism of drugs in “Core-Shell”
composite is a protection measure against assaulting the body with
unnecessary amounts to be assimilated and also for environment because
are discharged in smaller quantities in water, soil, etc.
I-O-7. TREATMENT POSSIBILITIES OF GROUNDWATER
CONTAMINED WITH ORGANOHALOGENATED SOLVENTS
Mihaela Alexie, Andrei Niculae, Laurentiu Dinu, Cristiana Cosma,
Ionut Cristea
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial EcologyECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Bucharest,
sector 6, Romania, Phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575;
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Chlorinated ethanes such as 1,2-dichloroethylene (1,2DCE), three
chloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (QCE) were identified in some
groundwater sources used for potable purpose. Contamination of
groundwater can occur from many sources, the most important of which
being leachates from waste disposal sites. Analysis of contaminated
groundwater has shown high concentration level of halogenated volatile
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organics (1,2DCE = 14-18 mg/L, TCE = 80-130 mg/L, QCE = 198-258
μg/L), over the current limits imposed by enforced legislation (L
458(r1)/2011: CMATCE + QCE = 10 μg/L).
The main treatment technique used by individual water consumers is based
on GAC adsorption in one or two steps (ηTCE = 99.4%, ηQCE = 99.8%,
ηDCE = 46%), which can’t assure the required quality for drinking water,
the residual concentrations being higher than CMA value (1,2DCE ≤ 10
mg/L; TCE ≤ 500 μg/L; QCE ≤ 0,5 μg/L).
The applied treatment processes for advanced degradation of chlorinated
ethenes are base on oxidation using photolysis or ozonation in different
systems: UV alone, UV/H2O2, UV/O3, O3 alone, O3/ H2O2. Also, air stripping
can be used for pollutants removal.
The paper presents the experimental results obtained for the advanced
removal of halogenated compounds by coupling air stripping with chemical
oxidation, which can provide drinking water quality in compliance with
legislation requirements.
Keywords: groundwater, chlorinated ethenes, air stripping, oxidation
I-O-8. ADVANTAGES OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE
DEHYDRATION USING THE GEOTUBES METHOD
Vasile Plamadeala, Alexandru Rusu, Ludmila Bulat
Institute of Pedology, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection „Nicolae Dimo”,
Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
In 2008, Joint Stock Company "Apa-Canal Chisinau" together with
experts from Netherlands and Poland started the implementation of
municipal sewage sludge processing using the geotubes method - bags for
municipal sewage sludge dehydration as a solution for bad odour removal.
Sewage sludge dehydration process using the „geotubes” method takes
place rapidly, in about 7-20 days. This process is catalyzed by reagents
that ensure the clogging of municipal sewage sludge.
From September until the end of 2009, a pilot Project on municipal
sewage sludge dehydration in geotubes started and it was conducted by
"Apa-Canal Chisinau" in cooperation with the Dutch company „TenCate”;
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then, the activities planned under the Project Execution “Geotubes” were
developed. Within the pilot Project there were dehydrated about 90 000 m3
of raw sewage sludge. In this regard, there were used 40 bags of different
size, occupying only 1.25 ha of platforms, while the use of previous
technology would take 6 ha. Also, the municipal sewage sludge that was
pumped in this period was dehydrated within one month. Previously, it took
about 18 months.
Dehydrated sewage sludge in geotube bags is discharged at the
storage place once a year in the cold period – in the period from December
to February, when the release of specific odours and infections is minimal.
The Wastewater Treatment Plants from Europe activate quite similar to this
(C. Becciev, 2011). The difference is that European technology of
“geotubes” is not used for as large enterprises as in Chisinau. According to
data presented by the Joint Stock Company “Apa-Canal Chisinau”, in the
past two years, about 110-115 thousand m 3 of dehydrated municipal
sewage sludge, with the humidity of 78-80%, using the “geotubes” method
is accumulated annually in the Wastewater Treatment Plant. In connection
with the production of this new form of sewage sludge it was necessary to
study its composition. The research was performed on dehydrated sludge
which was transported to the fermentation landfill in December 2010. The
samples included the municipal sewage sludge pumped to the Wastewater
Treatment Plant in the period October 2011 - October 2012.
Compared with the traditional technology (open air drying beds),
the period of dehydration is shorter; carbon content (21.8% of dry mass)
and total nitrogen content (2.6%) were approximately two times higher,
total phosphorus content (2.8% P2O5) recorded an insignificant decrease
(10%) while potassium remained at about the same level. The studied
municipal sewage sludge is characterized by a weak alkaline reaction. The
pH value ranged from 7.1 to 7.8, forming the average of 7.4 ± 1.1. The
humidity was on average of 65.1 ± 26.2%. The content of organic matter of
the sewage sludge in natural humidity was of 15.1 ± 6.7%.
Chemical composition demonstrates that municipal sewage sludge
dehydration using geotubes represents an important source of organic
matter for soil and nutrients for agricultural crops. Sewage sludge is rich in
total nitrogen, especially in phosphorus – element that lacks in about 76%
of Moldova’s agricultural soils. Mobile forms of nitrogen and phosphorus
make up about 14-17% of the total content. One of the most important
factors limiting the use of municipal sewage sludge as organic fertilizer is
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the excessive content of heavy metals. The main source of heavy metal
content is the wastewater from industrial enterprises, but due to changes
that occurred in the structure and volume of production issued by the
industrial enterprises from Chisinau municipality, there were recorded
significantly decreased volumes of wastewater. As to data obtained on the
content of heavy metals and comparing them with the limiting values, we
found that they do not exceed the allowable concentrations developed by
the industrialized countries.
I-O-9. EVALUATION OF INDIGENOUS OLIGOTROPHIC PEAT
AS LOW-COST SORBENT FOR ACCIDENTAL OIL SPILLS
Costel Bumbac, Ioana Ionescu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial EcologyECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Bucharest,
sector 6, Romania, Phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575;
e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Removing of oil spills from solid surfaces, sea, rivers and lakes formed as a
result of accidental spillage during transport or storage is of great concern.
Such ecological accidents have created a great need to find more efficient
and low-cost materials for oil spill cleanup. The methods commonly used to
remove oil involve the use of dispersants, skimmers, sorbents etc. The
main limitations of some of these techniques are their high cost. Sorption
has been observed to be one of the most effective techniques for removal
of spilled oil under ambient conditions. In this work, indigenous oligotrophic
peat was prepared using several methods and tested (according to ASTM
F726-12 Standard Test Method for Sorbent Performance of Adsorbents) as
a low cost sorbent in order to determine their potential for oil spill cleanup in
terms of adsorption capacity, floatability and leachability. To cover the most
common oil products causing accidental spills, for this study were used:
gas, diesel and motor oil. The peat sample prepared by drying, chopping
and sieving had highest adsorption capacities (expressed as g pollutant/g
sorbent), depending on the contact time and pollutant properties, of 4.13 –
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5.02 for gas, 5.44 - 6.81 for diesel oil and 15.13- 15.17 for motor oil. The
adsorption capacity of indigenous peat sample increases along with the
viscosity and density of the pollutants, as follows: gas<diesel<motor oil.
The adsorption performances of tested indigenous peat samples are similar
to those of similar adsorbent imported materials existing on the market.
Keywords: oligotrophic peat, sorbent, oil spills
I-O-10. SUITABILITY OF GRANULATED LEAD SLAG FOR
VALORISATION
Emilia Talpos
Environmental Protection Agency Maramureș
1A Iza St., Baia Mare, Maramures County, [email protected]
Sustainable development is the type of economic development in
which people’s present needs are met without compromising the future
generations’ possibility of meeting their own needs. In order to reach the
aim of sustainable development we must promote the durable use of
natural resources by valorizing the wastes generated by industrial
processes into products able to replace such resources.
Framework Directive 2008/98/EC on Wastes, transposed in
Romania through Law no. 211 of 2011 on the regime of wastes,
establishes the steps to be taken for the protection environmental and the
protection of people’s health by preventing or reducing the negative effects
resulting from the generation and administration of wastes and by reducing
the general effects of using natural resources and increasing the efficiency
of such use.
This paper investigates the slags obtained after fast cooling of
liquid slag resulting from processing the lead-rich concentrates in a WaterJacket hearth furnace in order to recycle it as a construction material and a
secondary aggregate for road construction.
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The chemical analysis of granulated slag resulted from the
pyrometallurgical processing of lead-rich concentrates was performed
quantitatively using X-ray fluorescent spectrometry, micro-structurally by
scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and optic microscopy, and microcompositionally by energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDAX). The
compositional phases were determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD)
qualitative analysis. A leaching test was carried out in order to evaluate the
constituents which can be leached from the slag and to determine if these
constituents meet the specific reference values. The preliminary estimation
of the acid draining of the slag was performed using the modified static
ABA test by acid-base analysis.
The possibility of using granulated slag as a construction material
for embankments, road foundations, or sub-base and base layers was
assessed by determining its chemical and physical-mechanical
characteristics (granulometric analysis, compaction characteristics,
California bearing ratio, permeability) and geotechnical (direct
unconsolidated, undrained shearing strength) so as to enable the
comparison of slag with natural sand.
The oxide chemical composition of the granulated slag was
determined by x-ray fluorescent spectrometry, using a wave-dispersive xray fluorescence spectrometer (WDXRF). The grain distribution obtained by
sifting the slag was assessed in comparison with that of sand in order to
classify the slag as a non-cohesive earth class, depending on the
predominance of certain grain fractions, its non-uniformity and plasticity
coefficients. The granulated slag’s compaction characteristics were
determined by normal and modified PROCTOR test, in order to assess the
maximum dry density and volumic weight corresponding to the optimum dry
and wet moisture content. The relative bearing capacity characteristics or
the CBR index were determined by CBR testing. The permeability of the
granulated slag was assessed by the variable gradient permeameter
method. The shear strength was determined by unconsolidated undrained
(UU) direct shear test.
In order to determine the possibilities of using granulated slag as
secondary aggregates, the geometric and physical-mechanical
characteristics of the slag were determined experimentally with a view to
establishing the fields in which these slag could be used and to compare
their characteristics with those of the sand.
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I-O-11. OPPORTUNITIES FOR BIOGAS MARKET DEPLOYING
IN ROMANIA - IMPORTANT ISSUES FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Nicolae Sdrula1, Simina Daniela Stefan2, Ioan Frasineanu3
1- PFA., 16 Nicolae Titulescu St., 011142-Bucharest 1, Romania,
[email protected]
2- S.C.IPROCHIM S.A., 19-21 M. Eminescu St., 010512-Bucharest 1,
Romania, [email protected]
3- Economical Science of Academy, Faculty of Management, 6 Piata
Romana St., Bucharest 1, Romania, [email protected]
The challenge to choose this domain, in the frame of EU Directives,
National Action Plan and other provisions focused on renewable, out of
each the biofuels play an important role, was fed knowing the huge
biomass and waste potential existing in Romania.
The biogas can essentially contribute to growing up of renewable (20%)
from total energy demand till 2020. Renewable include wind, solar, hydroelectric and tidal power and geothermal energy and biomass as well.
The work takes in account the state of the art regarding the existing
technologies and points out the current spreading of such kind of plants
over the world.
The available information on this topic was carefully collected and
processed, in order to stress both the importance of the subject and the
methods to implement on local areas such useful technologies.
Although in the past Romania owned hundred of biogas plants, which were
dismantled, today there are just a few based on outside technology
(especially from Germany) having medium and small capacities.
On the other hand, the existing Romanian technologies are waiting for
turning in account, being competitive with others, as regard the efficiency
and exploitation.
Today, in Europe the most applied concept for biogas plant is to produce
biogas which goes directly to a cogeneration installation, producing electric
and thermal energies. These sources are supplied to the existing grids, part
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of thermal source (hot water) is turning for internal need (digestor
heating)[1]
The solution have to be carefully applied, based on local specific
conditions, since sometime the thermal energy did not find a feasible
utilization due to supplementary cost of distribution. For each specific case
an optimal solution can be found based on a feasibility study.
The Romanian technologies, which can compete the market, having big
advantages including reduced investment costs, simplicity of operation,
easy maintenance and versatility of the materials to be processed into
digestor [2].
The work presents the current and future possible situation in Romania,
where the existing raw materials and wastes can contribute on a real
success for energy saving parallel with environmental protection.
Keywords: Biomass, field and domestic wastes, manure, biogas systems,
economics
Bibliography
[1] Utilizarea durabila a energiei termice a instalatiilor de biogas – Manual –
BiogasHeat Project, 2010-2014
[2] V. Nikolic, Producerea si utilizarea biogazului, Chiminform Data,
Bucuresti, 2005
I-O-12. NEW IDEAS FOR OLD NECESSITIES
Dana Martinov
WSP Group SRL, 6-8 Siriului Street, 2nd floor, District 1, 014354 Bucharest
In common with many countries Romania has a legacy of land
contamination caused by industrial development and related practices.
Much land contamination has been present for long periods of
time. Contaminated land can cause harm to human health, water supplies,
natural habitats and property, but not all contamination poses problems.
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Contaminated land is different from brownfield. Brownfield sites are
land or premises that have previously been used or developed. They may
also be vacant, or derelict. However, they are not necessarily
contaminated.
What is contaminated land? Contaminated land is land that has
been polluted with harmful substances to the point where it now poses a
risk to human health and/or the environment. Contamination can be on the
surface or below it.
What causes contamination? Most contamination is caused by
industrial and waste management. Accidents and industrial practices –
many of which were considered normal at the time - released potentially
harmful substances into the land, aquifers (underground water stores) and
rivers.
Oil refineries, railways, steel works, landfill sites, petrol stations,
gas works and accidental industrial spills may have all been sources of
contamination in the past. Contamination can also come from historical
activities dating back hundreds of years, such as spoil heaps from some
Roman lead mines. Some contamination can also come from naturally
occurring substances, such radon and naturally high levels of arsenic.
If contaminated land or groundwater is likely to pose a significant
risk on a site then clean up (or remediation) is the final stage in managing
contamination. During the past fifteen years a number of techniques for
both containing and remediating contaminated sites have been developed.
Site clean-up should always address specific risks that have been
identified. Our approach for contaminated land is that sometimes so much
of the area has been developed on previously that it would be prohibitively
expensive to clean up every site to the same condition as it originally was.
Instead, our approach is to require sites to be cleaned up to a standard that
is suitable for its current and/or intended use.
Clean-up is normally only required during redevelopment. The
exception to this is if a site represents a ‘significant risk of significant harm’
to a defined end user – such as people or protected nature reserves.
In the past, the most usual technique for ground remediation was
to dig out the contamination, send this to landfill and then back fill the
space with clean material. This approach is still quite common, but new
clean up techniques are becoming much more common place.
For groundwater treatment, traditional techniques include pumping
the groundwater to the surface, treating this, and then re-injecting the water
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back into the ground. New ground and groundwater techniques are
becoming more common as the sustainability debate advances.
Developing new standards for sustainable site clean-up is one of
the key areas for the industry today. In particular formerly favoured
remediation approaches historically used huge volumes of virgin materials
and – particularly for oil removal from groundwater – can use far more fuel
than the oil they actually recover.
I-O-13. DEVELOPMENTS IN SUSTAINED RELEASE OXIDANTS:
MODELING AND CASE STUDIES
Pamela J. Dugan, Lorenzo Sacchetti1, Pat Evans, Michelle Crimi
1
Carus Corporation, [email protected]
1,4-Dioxane (dioxane) is increasingly recognized as a challenging
and emerging contaminant at sites where trichloroethene (TCE) and 1,1,1trichlorethane (TCA) releases to soil and groundwater have occurred.
Dioxane is a cyclic ether used as a degreasing agent and solvent stabilizer.
In 1985, 90% of all US dioxane production was used to stabilize the solvent
TCA. Once released into groundwater dioxane migration occurs more
rapidly compared to volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) due to its
miscibility, low affinity for sorption to soil organic matter, and resistance to
biodegradation and abiotic breakdown (Mohr et al. 2010). Due to these
factors, dioxane plumes occupy a substantially larger footprint than VOC
plumes. For example Walsom and Tunicliffe (2002) report dioxane plumes
that are twice the lengths of associated solvent plumes and affect an area
up to six times greater. Similarly to VOCs a significant mass of dioxane
may reside in fine-grained deposits, slowly diffusing back into the aquifer
resulting in the formation of large and dilute plumes (Payne et al. 2008). In
2010, US EPA published a final toxicity review for dioxane recommending
a steeper cancer slope factor that resulted in lowering of the California and
Massachusetts advisory drinking water thresholds (USEPA 2010).
Dioxane is not easily remediated. Ex situ advanced oxidation
processes (AOPs) are the most widely developed approach for dioxane
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treatment (USEPA 2006). Because of high O&M costs, in situ approaches
are required. Natural attenuation of dioxane is being evaluated at a number
of sites and while evidence of dioxane oxidizing bacteria exists, site data
show rates are insufficient to contain the plume (Mora et al. 2011).
Cometabolism via propane sparging is a promising approach – but may
result in high O&M costs and safety issues for continued treatment of large
dilute plumes. Traditional ISCO is also not a solution to large dilute plumes
because the reactants are short-lived (Siegrist et al. 2011). Slow-release
oxidants have been used successfully to treat chlorinated solvents in
reactive barrier and zone configurations with both permanganate and
persulfate in laboratory and field efforts (Dugan et al., 2013; Christenson et
al., 2012; Kambhu et al., 2012).
A sustainable, simple, and low O&M approach has been developed
using innovative oxidation chemistries in concert with innovative slowrelease deployment strategies to achieve cost-effective treatment of large
and dilute dioxane plumes with oxidants in the form of sustained-release
permanganate and sustained-release unactivated persulfate. Paraffin wax
is used as the environmentally benign and biodegradable matrix material
for encapsulating solid potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) or sodium
persulfate (Na2S2O8) particles. The paraffin wax protects the particles from
instant dissolution and potentially undesirable nonproductive reactions and
is also nontoxic and biodegradable. The oxidant is released from the wax
matrix over time through the processes of dissolution and diffusion.
Sustained-release (SR) oxidants contain between 70%-80% permanganate
or unactivated persulfate and formed as cylinders for direct push
applications, inserted into holders for emplacement in permanent or
temporary wells. The material may also be chipped/cubed for hydrofracturing into low permeability media or fractured bedrock for treating back
diffusion of organic contaminants. Experimental results from 2-D tank
experiments will be presented as well as the results from pilot-scale field
efforts. The experimental results are being used to develop a user friendly
SR design tool that provides information on the predicted longevity of the
SR barrier, appropriate SR candle spacing, as well as other important SR
barrier design and implementation elements. In addition to the laboratory
and field data, discussion will include a number of practical applications of
the SR design tool.
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I-O-14. ASSESSMENT ON THE PHYTOREMEDIATION
OF CRUDE OIL POLLUTED SOILS, GROWTH PERFORMANCE
OF ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM AND TPH REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
Smaranda Masu, Ligia-Carmena Balasescu
National R & D Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND, Branch of
Timisoara, 300004 – Timişoara, 1 Piata Regina Maria, Romania.
The study presents experimental data on phytostabilization /
phytoremediation of 5.57% total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH)
contaminated soils, using plants of the species Achillea millefolium. Studies
have been conducted on pots placed in outdoors, in three experimental
variants, in the absence / presence of an additional treatment: 1.
contaminated soil; 2. contaminated soil treated with fertilizer agent,
stabilized municipal sludge; 3. contaminated soil treated with fertilizer and
amendment based on indigenous volcanic tuff with clinoptilolite. After four
months of growth the plant roots have formed a strong twinned network
throughout the vegetation soils of pots volume. The reduction of the content
of the total petroleum products in the contaminated soil was 45.4% and
65.4% for the variant of contaminated soil treated with fertilizer agents,
anaerobically stabilized sludge from the municipal treatment plant in the
absence / presence of the amendment with indigenous volcanic tuff,
respectively.
Keywords:
total petroleum hydrocarbons, phytostabilization /
phytoremediation, stabilized municipal sludge, volcanic tuff,
Achillea millefolium.
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I-O-15. PREDETERMINATION OF AMENDMENTS
FOR THE ENHANCED PHYTOREMEDIATION OF FLY ASH DUMPS
Smaranda Masu, Valeria Nicorescu
National R & D Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND, Branch of
Timisoara, 300004 – Timişoara, 1 Piata Regina Maria, Romania
The phytostabilization of the slag and fly ash dumps was studied in an
experimental block consisting of variants fertilized with different organic
fertilizing agents, conditioned municipal sludge or biological sludge
resulting from a slaughterhouse in the absence / presence of an organic
stimulus. The organic stimulus was used during the sowing stage and
subsequently through regular foliar applications on the grown crop. The
organic stimulus Biocomplex 900 is based on a marine brown algae extract
and comes from EKOGEA. The degree and rate of the germination of the
seeds of Lolium perenne was studied, at the same time with the coverage
of areas sown during different phenophases of plant development and the
amount of biomass harvested. The slaughterhouse sludge used in an
amount of 0.5 kg/square meter with the addition of the organic stimulus
Biocomplex 900 determined the rapid vegetation of the polluted, fertilized
topsoil of slag and fly ash matter, along with green biomass harvests 2-3
times higher than in other experimental variants.
Keywords: slag and fly ash dumps, organic fertilizers, algae extract,
Lolium perenne
I-O-16. TCE OXIDATION EFFICIENCY BY POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE FOR CONTAMINATED SOIL REMEDIATION
Mihai Stefanescu, Cristiana Cosma, Costel Bumbac, Sorin Ion Florescu,
Valeriu Badescu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial EcologyECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Bucharest,
sector 6, Romania, Phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575;
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
This paper presents trichloroethylene (TCE) removal efficiencies from soilpolluted matrix based on batch oxidation experiments with potassium
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permanganate, at laboratory scale. The influence of KMnO4 dose and the
reaction time on TCE degradation were evaluated, taking into account:
chloride ions generated and residual TCE in aqueous phase. The soil
sample was CAH-free topsoil having the following main characteristics: pH
= 7.5, humus 3.3% d.w., 2 g TCE/ kg d.w. (addition of TCE analytical
reagent), 58 mg Cl-/kg d.w., 55 g Fe/kg d.w., 29 mg Pb/kg d.w.
Batch tests were performed in slurry system (soil:distilled water weight
ratio of 1:10), continuous stirring. Solid oxidant KMnO4 was added in the
range of 4.75 g/kg d.w. (stoichiometric amount) – 220 g/ kg d.w. and
reaction times were two hours, 2 days and 4 days each of them
corresponding to at least two different oxidant doses.
Potassium permanganate reacts with both soil organic matrix and TCE.
Trichloroethylene oxidation efficiency depends on the oxidant dose and
oxidation/solubilization of soil organic matrix. The conversion of organic
chlorine from TCE to ionic form increased with oxidant dose. Over 60 g
KMnO4/kg d.w. soil is need to obtain TCE degradation efficiency higher
than 90%. At the same time, the organic load (COD, TOC) in aqueous
phase increases due the solubilization of humic mater. MnO 2 generated in
the oxidation-reduction processes remains in the soil bulk.
Keywords: soil, TCE, oxidation, potassium permanganate, chlorides
I-O-17. IMPLEMENTING REMEDIAL TECHNIQUES
AGAINST RADON IN DWELLINGS
IN THE URANIUM AREA BAITA-STEI
C. Cosma1, Alexandra Cucos1, B. Papp1, L. Suciu2, Oana Dumitru1,
Carlos Sainz3
1-
Environmental Radioactivity and Dating Center, Babes-Bolyai University,
Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
ICPE – Bistrita SA, Bistrita, Romania
3-
Medical Physics Department, Cantabria University, Santander, Spain
Radon is the second leading cause after smoking related lung
cancer occurrence. IRART Project 2010 (European funds) have been
selected 21 homes for the remediation of 2 complete integrated
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measurements campaigns (in different seasons), from a batch of 303
homes (58% of all houses in localitatiile, Cimpani, Baita Fanate and Nucet).
Based on these integrated measurements were identiffied, in a first stage,
40 locations with radon values between 2500 and 6000 Bqm -3. From these
homes that have fulfilled the main selection criterion (values of indoor
radon concentrations higher than 800 Bqm -3) as a result of discussions with
residents have selected 20 houses and also a pilot house for effective
remediation.
Remediation techniques for each house have been chosen based
on the experimentation of various remedial methods on the pilot house
(pressurization, depressurization, eolian fan, antiradon membranes,
insulation) and after some screening measurements of radon sources for
each location. Effective remedies was estimated on the basis of corrective
coefficient (R) both through continuous measurements and through
integrated measurements
R = (Ci – Cf)/Cix100
where Ci and Cf are the concentrations before and after remediation
Summarize the final results after all the interventions made during the
project June 2010-June 2013, including those conducted during the audit
and after it (13th May-14 June, 2013) look like that the results are good and
very good, ranging from house to house and from room to room and
covering the interval of 65.2 – 95.1%, respectively 50.4-95.1%, with a
mean value of 80,9%. The results are compared with those obtained in the
framework of the European project RADPAR (Radon Prevention and
Remediation) which was funded by the European Community in the period
2009-2012 with the participation of 14 countries and can be found that our
results are the same as or better than the most efficient application
techniques of RADPAR Program
The concentration of radon in those 21 homes was reduced from
the average of 992 Bqm-3 at an average of 160 Bqm-3 and that impact on
the health of population living in these houses means a reduction of almost
half of the cases of lung cancer, estimated on the basis of the model TF-TR
used in estimating the risk of exposure to radon [1].
[1]. Work presented at: 7th Conference on Protection against Radon at
Home and Work, 2th – 6th September, Prague, 2013
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I-O-18. KNOWLEDGE BASED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY OF SUCEAVA COUNTY
Lucian Constantin1, Margareta Nicolau1 , Cristian Teodorescu2
1
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei St., sector 6, Bucharest,
Romania, [email protected]
2
SC CERTINDECO SRL
The instruments meant to implement the 2020 EU Strategy must be better
structured compared with those used for the implementation of Lisbon
Strategy. The sustainable development strategies implemented at local,
regional level must be continuously updated in order to respond to the real
needs of local communities. The present paper presents the results
obtained within a pilot project carried in 2012 in the Suceava County,
Romania, which tried to rebuild the local sustainable development strategy
based on the capabilities and expertise of local specialists. The strategy
was modeled using the Balanced Scorecard tool and for the first time a
strategic map was created for the pilot region.
Keywords: sustainable development, knowledge management, Balanced
Scorecard, strategy
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I-O-19. TESTING RADON MITIGATION TECHNIQUES
AGAINST RADON IN A PILOT HOUSE
Botond Papp1, Constatin Cosma1, Alexandra Dinu (Cucos)1, Robert Begy1,
Liviu Suciu2, Gheorghe Banciu2, Carlos Sainz3
1
2
3
Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Fantanele No. 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Corresponding author: [email protected]
ICPE Bistrita S.A., Bistrita, Romania
Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Cantabria, Santander, 39011, Spain
The work presents testing of some radon mitigation techniques in a pilot
house in Baita-Stei radon prone area, located near an old uranium mine
(NW part of Romania). The applied radon mitigation techniques are based
on the depressurization and pressurization of the building sub-soil, on the
effect of the combination of an eolian and an electric fan coupled to
depressurization system, applying a radon barrier membrane and testing
the combination of the radon membrane with soil depressurization system.
Finally, are studied and tested an automated system of monitoring and
control indoor radon concentrations.
Keywords: indoor radon, radon mitigation, radon-prone area
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- POSTERS -
I-P-1. THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDY OF NEWLY
OBTAINED PRODUCTS OF TANNIN ORIGIN
T. Lupascu, A. Gonta, N. Timbaliuc
Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova. 3 Academiei str.,
2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, e-mаil: [email protected],
Telephone: (373) 22 725490, fax: (373)22 739954
Grape seeds are a valuable source for obtaining enotannins, natural
compounds with phenolic structures that possess remarkable antioxidant
properties.
In order to improve the physical-chemical properties of these
compounds, by oxidation-reduction processes, their solubility’s were
changed and were obtained new compounds with pronounced antioxidant,
antibacterial and antifungal properties, which can be successfully used in
important fields such as medicine, cosmetic and agriculture [1,2].
To broaden the spectrum of physical-chemical and pharmacological
analysis of compounds in this class, Italian enotannins were selected as
raw material for research, from white grape seeds (Tannin 1) and red
grapes (Tannin 2), that were subjected to physical-chemical properties
modification. New compounds, Tanoxil 1 and Tanoxil 2 were obtained by
depolymerization reactions of macromolecular structures of initial
enotannins Tannin 1 and respectively Tannin 2. [3]
The total number of acidic functional groups (carboxylic and
phenolic), Ctotal, by acid-base titration were determined, according to
Temporary Pharmacopoeia Monograph for the pharmaceutically active
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substance Enoxil, adjusted to optimal parameters for measurements in
aqueous 5% solutions. Ctotal values determined for Tanoxil products certify
a double increase for Tanoxil 1 (Ctotal 0.1565 meq/g) or even triple increase
for Tanoxil 2 (Ctotal 0.1901 meq/g) of the value of this parameter, compared
to the total content of acidic functional groups of the initial tannin products
Tannin 1 (Ctotal 0.0726meq/g) and respectively (Ctotal 0.0662 meq/g) for a
5% solution Tannin 2.The influence of storage time of 5% aqueous
solutions of Tanoxil 1 and 2 on Ctotal parameter were studied. The obtained
results allowed us to conclude that the total acidic functional groups
(carboxylic and phenolic) remains practically unchanged during the studied
period of 30 days.
For the determination of antioxidant activities (AAT%) of the
investigated compounds, it has been used ABTS radical cation
decolorization assay. The obtained data indicate that the antioxidant
activity of the new products, as it refers to Tanoxil 1 and 2, is very similar
and, at the same time, is very high (93.16% -95.58%).
These new compounds of natural origin have strong antioxidant
activities and are of great interest for future microbiological and
pharmacological research, as they have high antioxidant activities (about
AAT% = 95) and a considerable content of acidic groups (C total/g = 0,1901
meq/g).
References
1. V. Kulcitki, P. F. Vlad, Gh. Duca, T. Lupascu. Investigation of grape
seed proanthocyanidins. Achievements and perspectives. Chemistry
Journal of Moldova, 2007, vol.(1), Nr.1, pp.36-51.
2. Peter W. Taylor1, Jeremy M.T. Hamilton-Miller2, and Paul D. Stapleton.
Antimicrobial properties of green tea catechins. Food Sci Technol Bull.
2005 ; 2: 71–81
3. T. Lupascu, Gh. Duca, P. Vlad, V. Kulciţki, R. Nastas. Studies on the
solubilization processes in water of oenotannins and their physicalchemical properties. Chemistry Journal of Moldova, 2006, vol.(1), Nr.1,
pp.60-65
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I-P-2. USE OF MINERAL AND LOCAL ACTIVATED CARBON
ADSORBENTS FOR WATER PURIFICATION FROM SYNTHETIC DYES
T. Lupascu, N. Timbaliuc, A. Maftuleac
Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova. 3 Academiei str.,
MD 2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, e-mаil: [email protected],
Telephone: (373) 22 725490, fax: (373)22 739954
Adsorption processes occupy a special place in a variety of
technologies for purifying waters of biologically harmful non-degradable
components [1]. In the Republic of Moldova there are significant deposits of
mineral adsorbents, such as diatomite, tripoli and clay minerals [2], while
fruit processing enterprises can provide sufficient raw materials (as fruit
stones, nut shells, grape seeds) for obtaining active carbons [3].
As a support for adsorbents adsorption, there were selected the
local Vascauti and Ghidirim diatomites as well as activated carbons CAS23 and CAN-8, prepared from peach pits and nut shells in the Institute of
Chemistry. As the objects of this research were selected synthetic
colorants - red congo and direct blue, e.g. compounds with the same
structural skeleton, but different functional groups, that exhibit a different
chemical behavior.
It has been established that the adsorption of direct blue dye on the
Ghidirim diatomite is about 2-3 times lower than that of the congo red dye.
This phenomenon is explained by a larger number of -SO3Na groups in the
direct blue dye structure, which causes a higher total negative charge
resulting from its dissociation, leading to their rejection by the negative
electric adsorbent particles and minimizing this way the adsorption value.
The dye adsorption on mineral adsorbents is, therefore, a complex
phenomenon, comprising the immobilization in the pores and electrostatic
interactions. In the case of carbon adsorbents the important factor for
immobilization of dye molecules is the mesoporous adsorbent volume
value, the pollutant adsorption being almost directly proportional to the
mentioned structure parameter. The analysis of obtained data from
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adsorption isotherms of congo red and direct blue dyes on the same type of
active carbon shows a pretty large difference in the dye adsorption values,
in spite of the fact that both dyes have the same structural skeleton.
Perhaps, in this case the steric factor occurs, e.g. the size of molecules and
their varying degree of hydration, due to the number and nature of different
functional groups (SO3H, OH, NH2) of colorants that capture the H2O
molecules. It is also possible the influence of electric charges, arising from
dissociation of both functional groups of colorants and those on the carbon
surface (OH, COOH), similar to the case of mineral sorbents.
The obtained experimental data allow us to conclude that: a) the
local adsorbents, both the mineral and especially the carbon ones, exhibit
very good adsorption properties compared to the synthetic dyes and can be
used for purification of waste waters of textile enterprises, b) studied
adsorption of dyes depends largely on the origin of adsorbents, their
structural features and the nature of functional groups.
References
1. Duca, Gh.; Scurlatov, Iu.; Misiti, A.; Macoveanu, M.; Surpăţeanu, M.
Ecological chemistry./In romanian. Bucharest: Matrix Rom., 1999, 305 p.
2. Kerdivarenco M. A. The Moldovan natural adsorbents and their
technology of application. Chisinau: Cartea Moldoveneasca, 1975, - 191 p.
3. Lupascu T. The active carbons from vegetal rows. Chisinau, Stiinta,
2004, 224 p.
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I-P-3. SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES
USED FOR SELECTIVE HEAVY METALS REMOVAL
FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
A.G. Moise 1, 2, E. Matei 2
1
2
National R&D Institute for Non-ferrous and Rare Metals, 102 Biruintei
Blvd, Pantelimon, Zip code 077145, ILFOV, Romania, Telephone:
021.352.2046, Fax: 021.352.2049
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering ,313 Independence Spl.,
housing JA, 1 floor, 6th District, Zip code 060042, Bucharest, Romania,
Telephone: 021.402.9586, Fax: 021.318.10.17
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have attracted increasing research
interest in the fields of catalysis and environmental recovery in recent
years. This is because magnetite nanoparticles possess not only strong
adsorption/reduction properties, but also they are easily separated and
collected by an external magnetic field. The good adsorption activities of
magnetite nanoparticles for many heavy metal ions have been reported in
several articles.
This paper is based on obtaining nanosized magnetite by treating
mill scale. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with mean diameter of about 7
and 13 nm were prepared by a partial reduction coprecipitation method
and, respectively, a modified Massart method. They are generally
composed of very small particles with high surface area. This is typically
because nanoparticles have a greater surface area per weight than larger
particles; this causes them to be more reactive to certain molecules.
We studied the adsorption capacity of the these nanoparticles of
magnetite and other compounds such as Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) covered with magnetite, for different kinds of
waste water (synthetics) with different concentrations of metal ions ( Pb
and Cd) at different time periods.
We performed a complex characterization of adsorbent from morphological,
composition, structure and quality terms (electron microscopy, EDS, XRD,
XRF), and the waters were chemically analyzed before and after treatment.
From the study results it may be concluded that magnetite nanoparticles
are a very effective sorbent for removal of Cd and Pb from aqueous
solution.
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I-P-4. WASTEWATER PURIFICATION CONTAINING METAL IONS
AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS USING ACTIVATED CARBON
I. A. Gradinaru 1, 2, E. Matei 2 , V. Predica1, L. E. Mara1
1
National R&D Institute for Non-ferrous and Rare Metals, 102 Biruintei
Blvd, Pantelimon, Zip code 077145, ILFOV, Romania, Telephone:
021.352.2046, Fax: 021.352.2049
2
“Politehnica” University of Bucharest, Faculty of Materials Science and
Engineering, 313 Independence Spl., housing JA, 1 floor, 6th District,
Zip code 060042, Bucharest, Romania, Telephone: 021.402.9586,
Fax: 021.318.10.17
This paper presents experimental results on the purification of
waste water containing metal ions (lead and zinc) and organic substances
(benzene and toluene) using activated carbon as adsorbent material in the
form of powder, granules and silver impregnated granules.
We studied the adsorption capacity of the three types of materials,
for six kinds of waste water (synthetics) with different concentrations of
metal ions (10 mg / L Pb and 5 mg / L Zn) and organic compounds (2.5 mL
C6H6 and 2.5 ml C6H5CH3), at low values of pH (acidic solution of pH = 23).
We performed a complex characterization of adsorbent (activated
carbons) from morphological, composition, structure and quality terms
(electron microscopy, EDS, XRD, XRF), and the waters were chemically
analyzed before and after treatment (AAS, CCO-Mn).
Experiments have proved the efficiency and performance of the
activated carbon in the adsorption of metal ions and organic compounds
from waste water, resulting in retention reaction yields of over 70% for
metal ions in the presence of organic compounds, approximately 80% for
metal ions in the absence of organic compounds and about 95% for
organic compounds in the absence of metal ions.
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I-P-5. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PILOT-SCALE
PHOTOCHEMICAL H2O2/UVC SYSTEM AS THE EX-SITU
DECONTAMINATION CELL FOR HEAVILY POLLUTED WATERS
(CONTAMINATION WITH ORGANIC SUBSTANCES)
Radim Zebrak1, Pavel Masin1, Petr Kluson2, Pavel Krystynik2
1.
Dekonta a.s., Dretovice 109, 273 42 Stehelceves, Czech Republic,
[email protected]
2.
Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the
Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
[email protected]
Much effort has been spent to the research, development and
optimisation of advanced oxidation processes. They mostly involve
photocatalytic oxidation with titanium dioxide and many modifications of this
process, methods with hydrogen peroxide, use of the Fenton agent
(Fe2+/H2O2), or photoFenton agent (Fe2+/H2O2/UV), or very recently efficient
applications of peroxodisulfates (Na2S2O7) or even ferrates.
The presented contribution focuses on the complex study of the
pilot-scale photochemical H2O2/UVC system arranged as the ex-situ
decontamination cell for heavily polluted waters (contamination with organic
substances. The method principle comprises the rational decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide induced by UV-C (254 nm). The produced OH radicals
are very efficient oxidation species enabling the direct destruction of wide
spectrum of organic compounds.
The corresponding tests were performed with three reactors of
different scales (1 L, 21 L, 42 L), however, following the same design and
construction details. These reactors are essential parts of the ex-situ
decontamination cell supposed for the effective treatment of subsurface
waters and technology waste waters. The purified water is repeatedly
circulated inside the system to achieve the required particular concentration
limits.
First attention is paid to the technology part. Details on the reactor
construction, process optimisation and model reactions (oxidations of 4chlorophenol) are carefully discussed. The mode of hydrogen peroxide
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dosing (continuous or discontinuous) and the overall dosed amount of
hydrogen peroxide were identified as the key process parameters. Also the
intensity of the UV-C, concentration of contaminants, flow rates and the
systems retention time are principally important process parameters.
The initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol was 0.5 mmol/l. It was
reduced below the detection limit, in about three hours and no side
products were identified. These tests were mostly performed with the
smallest type of the reactors. The next two units were then used for treating
real contaminated waters from three different locations with three
completely different types of contaminations. The most efficient was the
developed technology in the destruction of aliphatic chlorinated
hydrocarbons. The initial concentration of 6 mg/l was reduced below the
detection limit in about 25 min of the process. The experiments were also
quite effective with the BTEX contaminated waters, with nitrobenzene and
aniline waters, and even with waters containing complicated PAHs.
This contribution also brings details on the economy feasibility of
the designed processes in comparison with traditional approaches.
Keywords: Photochemical oxidation, H2O2, UVC radiation, remediation,
contaminated water, decontamination cell, pilot scale
I-P-6. APPLICATION OF TiO2 - BASED PHOTOCATALYSTS
FOR XENOBIOTICS DEGRADATION
FROM WATER: NITROBENZENE CASE STUDY
Ines Nitoi1, Petruta Oancea2, Malina Raileanu3, Maria Crisan3,
Ionut Cristea1
1 National
Research&Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical
Chemistry
3 Ilie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy
2
Nitrobenzene (NB) is the most common nitroaromatic pollutant found in
wastewater and even in natural waters. Its presence is being related to the
discharge of not properly treated industrial effluents resulted from
pesticides, explosives and dyes industries. Due to its bio-refractory
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character and high chemical stability NB is not efficiently removed from
wastewater by classical biological and physical-chemical processes. One
promising treatment methodes is the use of in-situ generated high oxidized
species, like hydroxyl radicals, by different advanced oxidation processes
(AOPs). Among these, TiO2 photocatalysis is of great interest because it is
a high effective destructive degradation technique and the catalyst is nontoxic, readily available and relatively no expensive. Some limitations of
photocalalytic activity are charges recombination, the band edge absorption
threshold less than 400nm and the low photon utilization efficiency. These
disadvantages can be supressed by doping of TiO2 with heavy metals.
The photocatalytic degradation of NB under UV irradiation (λ>320nm) in
pristine TiO2 and heavy metal doped TiO2 aerated slurry solution. The
catalysts were obtained by sol-gel method. Various experimental conditions
like metal dopant nature (Ni, Co, Fe), their concentration (0.5-5% wt of
TiO2) and catalyst calcination temperature (300-5000C) influence on
pollutant degradation have been studied. The photocatalytic experiments
were performed on solution with 2.2x10-4 M NB initial content, using 100
mg/L catalyst dose, at irradiation time between 30-240 min. The kinetics of
NB degradation and organic nitrogen mineralization was assessed and
pseudo-first-order rate constants were calculated. Obtained results
revealed improved NB degradation efficiency in the presence 0.5%Fe-TiO2
calcinated at 4000C. In these experimental conditions the pollutant
degradation rate constant value is kNB =2.54x10-4s-1 and the NB turnover
efficiency is higher than 97% for 240 min irradiation time. It was also
demonstrated that depending on the nature of the dopant, its concentration
increasing has different effects on pollutant degradation rate constant. In
the case of iron, higher pollutant degradation rate was obtined for the
lowest dopant concentration tested, unlike the cobalt and nickel for which
concentrations increasing in a certain domain provide improved NB
degradation. Obtined results emphasise that proper selection of dopant
nature and its concentration assures charges recombination delay
improving catalyst photoactivity and thus pollutant dergadation.
Keywords: photocatalysis, doped TiO2 catalyst, heavy metals,
nitrobenzene degradation
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National
Authority for Scientific Research, CNDI UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-PT-PCCA2011-3.1-0031”
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I-P-7. CONSIDERATION ON MANGANESE REMOVAL
FROM GROUNDWATER BY CHEMICAL OXIDATION
USING CHLORINE BASED COMPOUNDS
Cristiana Cosma, Margareta Nicolau , Mihaela Alexie, Viorel Patroescu,
Ionut Cristea, Valeriu Badescu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial EcologyECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Bucharest,
sector 6, Romania, Phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575;
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Manganese can be found in natural water (underground and surface
waters) both in its reduced, soluble form, Mn(II) and in the oxidated form,
MnO2 (pyrolusite), respectively, Mn(II) being identified especially in
groundwater.
Typically, Mn concentrations from natural origin in groundwater are lower,
but can range up to 1500 μg/l or higher (Mn = 70-1500 μg/l, CMAMn = 50
μg/l).
The high concentration in groundwater for potable use poses several
technical and health problems, such as oxide precipitation in pipe network,
water discoloration, turbidity, bio fouling, corrosion, metallic taste, odor and
manganism (a Parkinson’s like disease), only for concentrations over 500
μg/l.
Oxidation and precipitation are the most common methods to remove
Mn(II). Application of chlorine based compounds (Cl2, NaClO, ClO2) to
waters containing uncomplexed manganese results in oxidation of metallic
ions and MnO2 precipitation.
The objectives of this study are as follows:
- evaluation of the main parameters which influence the manganese
(II) oxidation level (pH, oxidant dose, reaction time);
- influence of associated pollutants upon the manganese (II)
oxidation process.
The following case studies are presented:
- manganese alone;
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-
manganese associated with iron;
manganese associated with ammonium ion and organic load.
Keywords: groundwater, treatment, manganese, iron, ammonium ions,
organic load
I-P-8. EVALUATION OF MUNICIPAL SLUDGE THICKENING
BY CENTRIFUGATION – A CASE STUDY–
Viorel Patroescu, Laurentiu Dinu, Costel Bumbac
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial EcologyECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Bucharest,
sector 6, Romania, Phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575;
e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected]
When operating, a wastewater treatment plant generates waste as a result
of primary settling process and residual sludge produced during the
biological treatment process. When combined, both wastes form sludge
that, in most cases, is treated anaerobically with biogas generation and
energy recovery. However, further treatment, disposal strategy of sludge
and associated costs are strongly dependent on the efficiency of thickening
method used. Basically, thickening is applied to reduce the volume of
municipal sludge, thus increasing the dry matter content (up to 9%) and
organic load of the anaerobic fermentation bioreactor leading to lower
reactor volume, lower energy requirements and increased biogas
production.
The paper presents a case study for sludge thickening by centrifugation at
a Romanian municipal WWTP – process parameters selection, efficiency
improvement and polyelectrolyte consumption assessment. In order to
choose the optimal parameters in terms of efficiency and costs, 11 sets of
experiments were performed on primary sludge, secondary sludge and
mixed sludge using different polyelectrolyte doses, several centrifugation
speeds and times.
Keywords: municipal sludge, thickening, centrifugation.
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I-P-9. RESEARCH ON GABBROS FROM CAZANESTI- CIUNGANI,
ROMANIA, IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY NEW RECOVERY DIRECTIONS
Andreea Nicoleta Lupu1, D. C. Olteanu1, M. Ghita2, S. S. Udubasa1,
F. Stoiciu2, D. V. Dragut2, V. Badilita2, Lenuta Jana Enache2
1
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, 6 Traian
Vuia st., Bucharest, Romania, [email protected]
2
National Institute of Research and Development for Non-ferrous and Rare
Metals, 102 Biruintei Blv., Pantelimon, Ilfov, Romania,
[email protected], Telephone/ Fax: (4021) 35222048
Gabbros are mafic igneous rocks (45 - 52% SiO2), plutonic type.
These rocks have been formed at great depths with slight variations of
temperature and pressure. The degree of crystallinity (holocrystalline rocks
- complete crystallized mass), the absolute crystals size (phaneritic rocks crystals larger than 2 mm), varied mineralization and useful elements led to
a high economic interest on the gabbros exploitation.
Usually, gabbros are investigated mainly in order to exploit iron,
titanium, vanadium, and its use in architectural constructions, ornamental
rocks and monuments. However, through extensive research it was
observed that gabbros often contain significant amounts of chromium,
nickel, copper, cobalt, gold, silver and platinum. Thus, increasing of
scientific and technological performance have led to the concern of
developing new methods for these elements recovery.
This study analyzes the gabbro of Cazanesti - Ciungani, Romania,
which are in fact a layered magmatic complex in which one can distinguish
the horizon consists of gabbro with vanadiferous titanomagnetite and
gabbro with olivine or pyroxene. Considering preliminary results, which
show remarkable values for titanium and vanadium, we considered relevant
to examine in detail the Cazanesti -Ciungani mineralization (host rock and
ore).
This paper presents the results obtained from chemical analyzes
(FAAS, ICP, DCP) and mineralogical analysis (optical microscopy in
transmitted and reflected light and DRX), which provides key information
for estimating profitability and establishing the parameters of recovery
technologies in order to identify new recovery directions.
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I-P-10. RESEARCHERS REGARDING THE EFFECT
OF DRY GRINDING AND THERMAL DEHYDROXYLATION
ON SERPENTINITE DUBOVA-MEHEDINȚI, ROMANIA
D. V. Draguț, Luminita Mara, M. Ghita, V. Badilita, F. Stoiciu, Andreea
Ioana Gradinaru, Lenuta Enache, Eleonora Neagu, Victoria Soare
National R&D Institute for nonferrous and rare metals, 102, Biruinței BLVD,
Pantelimon, Ilfov, Romania, [email protected],
Telephone: +40 0724088848
Industrial wastes stored after past mining exploitations are posing
important environmental issues, especially when they are situated in the
vicinity of protected areas, as in case of ”Porțile de Fier” National Park
Reservation from Romania. The high content of useful components with an
economical value from Dubova-Mehedinți dump offers the opportunity of
processing in order of revaluation.
The crystalline structure alteration of serpentinite from DubovaMehedinți dump caused by advanced grinding and followed by different
thermal treatments in order of processing it by an efficient technology was
investigated through X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), optical microscopy in
transmitted and reflected light, grain size distribution and composition
chemical analysis (ICP, DCP, AAS).
By XRPD methods were investigated structural modifications that
occur after grinding and thermal treatment. With the increase of grinding
time and thermal treatment temperature, XRPD showed the modification of
the structure.
The preferred transformation of serpentine’s structure with the grinding time
and under thermal treatment influence led to the increase of Si/Mg ratio in
the analysed particles. Grain size distribution of the treated material
revealed that if initially in the grinned material a decrease of particle size
occurs, with the increase of grinding time at over 40 minutes, than the
grinding will be followed by ultrafine particle agglomeration, the
phenomenon emphasizing with grinding time prolongation.
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I-P-11. CHARACTERIZATION OF SERPENTINITE DUMPED
FROM DUBOVA- MEHEDINTI REGARDING COMPLETE RECOVERY
THROUGH SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
M. Ghita, Luminita Eleonora Mara, F. Stoiciu, V. Badilita,
Lenuta Jana Enache, Andreea Ioana Gradinaru, D.V. Dragut
National Institute of Research and Development for Non-ferrous and Rare
Metals, 102 Biruintei Blv., Pantelimon, Ilfov, Romania,
[email protected], Telephone/ Fax: (4021) 35222048
Recent use of serpentine minerals in the storage and fixation of the
carbon dioxide in the form of stable compounds of magnesium carbonate,
in order to reduce CO2 pollution levels of the atmosphere, attracted the
experts attention on the silica gel resulted as a residue from serpentinite
rocks attacked with mineral acids. The literature shows as a possible
application of the silica gel in the form of membranes, to be used as
adsorbent materials. Thus, the use of serpentine minerals for that purpose
represents a novelty. The data published so far have led to the
identification of minimum two processes for obtaining silica from
serpentinite rocks. The methods consist of solubilization of the different
components of the serpentinite rocks with different mineral acids, when it
can be obtained either silica gel or an amorphous and porous silica.
The main parameters that influence the characteristics and
performance of the final product- silica, depend on several factors:
composition, structure, grinding degree and the purity of the raw materialserpentinite rock.
Due to the economic potential given by sustainable recovery of
serpentine minerals dumped, from Dubova-Mehedinti area located near a
protected area- “Portile de Fier” National Park, it was initiated a complex
analytical study (optical microscopy, XRD, chemical analysis- FAAS, ICP,
DCP) in order to evaluate useful mineralogical components for their
separation and extraction.
The paper presents the results obtained on informative samples carefully
selected. The results showed that studied serpentine samples are
composed of about 95% of all serpentine group species, including the
following major compounds: SiO2, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, LOI. In proportion of
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over 75%, as major phases, antigorite and lizardite were identified. These
are stacked lamellar minerals in serpentine group. Chrysotile, chlorite and
talc appear as isolated phases. All these data are positive indicators
regarding the possibility to use the serpentine minerals to obtain inorganic
structures of porous silica.
I-P-12. ACRYLIC AQUEOUS DISPERSION
FOR FINISHING OF NATURAL LEATHER WITH THE FILM
Olga Niculescu, George Coara, Gabriela Macovescu, Demetra Simion,
Dana Gurau
National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather –
Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania
Leather finishing aims at embellishing, colouring, imparting lustre and a nice
feel, covering surface defects, forming a surface layer to protect the leather
during wear and being in line with fashion trends.
Natural leathers are finished by coating with aqueous dispersions consisting
of 2-3 polymers, pigments, waxes, metal complex dyes, fillers, penetration
agents etc., for basecoat, then applying nitrocellulose, acrylic or
polyurethane emulsions for final dressing (fixing). The physico-mechanical
properties of leather finishing layer (wet and dry friction, flexural strength)
depend on the type of polymer used in the composition of finishing disperse
systems.
Acrylic and polyurethane polymers are most commonly used in the
composition of disperse systems of natural leather finishing.
Acrylic polymers are used in all stages of finishing, from impregnation to the
top coat, and generally provide a film with good flexibility, adhesion, and light
resistance.
In the experiments performed new materials were tested for the finishing of
natural leather, acrylic polymers for the basecoat and for the top coat in
order to replace the final nitrocellulose dressings with dressings based on
acrylic aqueous dispersions, without toxic solvents.
Experiments performed aimed at the following aspects:

the physico-chemical, spectral (IR, at temperatures of 27°C, 50°C and
70°C) and optical (SEM, at temperatures of 25°C and 100°C)
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characterization of new Romanian products based on acrylic copolymers
in aqueous dispersion:

-
A finishing aqueous dispersion based on acrylic copolymers selfcrosslinking with a monomer composition containing butyl acrylate,
methyl methylacrylate, acrylic acid, N-methylolacrylamide, to varying
degrees; the acrylic binder provides film-forming for leather finishing
and gives aesthetic and functional properties to finished semiprocessed leather products (Medacril EFP33, marked AC-33);
-
binder based on acrylic copolymer with the addition of epoxy resin,
diluted in water, used as a fixing agent (final dressing) for finishes
applied to natural leather, replacing fixation with nitrocellulose
emulsions, and providing increased wet and dry abrasion resistance
to finishes.
development of dry finishing technologies for natural leather using these
aqueous acrylic dispersions and imported acrylic polymers as control
(Vecosol Binder AC 310 and Vecosol Binder AC 408, VECO company,
Italy, marked AC-310 and AC-408);
The physico-mechanical properties of finished leather using these new
acrylic dispersions have values falling within standards in force (STAS
1619/1994) and values of 200,000 flexions for repeated flexural strength,
values of 4/2-5/3 for resistance to wet friction (standard min. 4/2) and values
of 5/3-5/4 for resistance to dry friction (standard min. 5/3).
Dressings made using the studied acrylic binders can be applied to natural
grain leathers by spraying or by roll coating and have the advantage that
acrylic dressings are free of toxic solvents.
I-P-13. THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF WAX EMULSIONS
USED IN NATURAL LEATHER FINISHING
Olga Niculescu, Gabriela Macovescu, Demetra Simion, Dana Gurau
National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather –
Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute Bucharest, Romania
The main characteristics required for leather are: color, brightness,
matting, feel, repeated flexural strength, appearance, softness, embossing,
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water resistance, water vapor permeability, resistance to light etc. Feel
agents (wax emulsions, oils) are used to change the feel of the finish
(which can be oily, waxed or silky) and to improve the physical properties of
finished leather.
Waxes are used in natural leather finishing to reduce stickiness of
thermoplastic binders and get the desired feel or color darkening effects
(for fashionable waxed leather assortments). Waxes are esters of superior
monocarboxylic acids with superior primary monohydric alcohols.
76/769/EL/2003 Directive banned the use of nonylphenol in industrial
products due to its ecotoxicity assessment. Nonylphenol biodegradability is
very low, 30% compared with other non-ionic surfactants. An alternative for
the replacement of ethoxylated nonylphenol is that of ethoxylated fatty
alcohols which are 100% biodegradable.
This paper deals with testing wax emulsions obtained from beeswax,
lanolin, stearin, paraffin oil and 100% biodegradable anionic emulsifier. The
obtained waxes are easily emulsifiable in the wax in water system using
nonionic emulsifier. Wax emulsions have a good stability.
The obtained wax emulsions were tested to determine the physicochemical and rheological characteristics. The rheological characteristics of
emulsions influence stability to storage and their application properties. The
values of physico-chemical properties of obtained wax emulsions are
comparable with those of an imported product tested as control. The
rheological behavior of obtained wax emulsions was studied at different
temperatures and it was found that there are linear decreases in kinematic
viscosities with the increase of temperature in the studied range.
Experiments were conducted to develop dry finishing technologies for
natural leather using these wax emulsions in the final dressing. The
prepared wax emulsions were used in the composition of the final dressing
and were tested in different proportions to improve final feel and water
resistance of leather finishing films.
As a result of the experiments it was found that these materials are
uniformly coated on the leather, they provide special effects (waxed, silky)
and enhance the appearance, feel, abrasion resistance and water
resistance of film-coated finished leather.
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SECTION II
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT.
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- oral presentations
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- ORAL PRESENTATIONS -
II-O-1. CONCEPTS REGARDING THE ENVIRONMENTAL
INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT
Vladimir Rojanschi1, 2, Florian Grigore-Radulescu1
1 Ecological
University of Bucharest
2 Romanian
Environment Association - 1998 – ARM
3
Romanian Water Association - ARA
Environmental relationships with socio-economic activities has
become a concern since the last decade of the last century and has
evolved in complexity and shapes according to evolutionary laws and
interest in environmental compliance requirements and demands.
This paper will review summarizes the scientific substantiation of
mandatory regulatory provisions and procedures for obtaining permits and
authorizations from the competent environmental institutions and the
voluntary environmental certification ISO14001 and EMAS registration in
the registry.
Keywords: assessment, environment, integrated system
Bibliography
1. Environmental legislation during 1995- 2013
2. ISO 14000
3. EMAS III
4. Guide of the environmental assessor and auditor, Economic Publishing
House, Bucharest, 2008
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II-O-2. DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
ASSESSMENT CENTER ECOIND
Ionel Virgil Criste1, Elena Laslu2
1
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial EcologyECOIND, Bucharest, Romania, e-mail: [email protected]
2
Sectoral Committee for Vocational Training in Environmental Protection –
CSFPM, Bucharest, Romania
European Parliament and Council by a recommendation, in April 2008,
established the European Qualification Framework (EQF) which stipulates
that the professional skills development and evaluation are done based on
units of competence described in the professional training standards and
the occupational standards.
INCD ECOIND participated as a partner in a POS DRU project at the
development of infrastructure for assessment of professional competencies
obtained by other means than the formal one, through the development
and authorization of eight centers for assessment of environmental
protection occupations. One of these, the Professional Competencies
Assessment Centre ECOIND founded in institute was authorized for
Environmental Responsible occupation.
This paper presents the technical documentation compiled for evaluation
and authorization of the center: candidates’ assessment tools and forms
used in the candidates’ assessment process.
Keywords: assessment center, units of competence, occupational
standards, elements of competence, assessment tools.
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II-O-3. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT
BASED ON ROUGH SET THEORY USING EMAS
RELEVANT RECOMMENDED INDICATORS
Madalina Arama, Margareta Nicolau , Gheorghe Batrinescu, Carol Lehr,
Virgil Criste, Ana Anghel, Doina Guta
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei St., sector 6, 060652, Bucharest,
Romania, phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575; 4120042;
e-mail: [email protected]
The article presents the possibility to use Rough Set Theory (acronym
RST) to manage environmental risk using EMAS III relevant recommended
indicators. The general considerations about how to use the theory as a
new instrument in order to take environmental decision in uncertainty
conditions within organization EM system to increase organization
management performance are presented.
Keywords: RST, EMASIII
II-O-4. SPATIAL AND TIME VARIATION INFLUENCE
OF SOME HEAVY METAL ION SPECIES CONTENTS
ON THE EVOLUTION OF ECOLOGICAL RISK
Simona Calinescu1, Bogdan Stanescu1, Lidia Kim1, Elena Birsan2
Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei St., Bucharest 6, 060652,
Romania, Tel: +4021 410 67 16; fax: +4021 410 05 75; 412 00 42;
e-mail: [email protected]
1 National
2
Sindan Pharma (Actavis operations) SRL
11 Ion Mihalache Blvd., Bucharest 1, 011171, Romania
Tel.: +4021 318 17 67, Fax: +4021 312 44 99
Environmental authorities are more and more involved in planning of the
evaluation strategies for the ecological risks implied by sediments
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contamination. Nevertheless, the estimation of the long term effects of the
sediments contamination is still difficult and implies a high degree of
uncertainty. Sediments represent an important pollution source for the
aquatic environment, because are the final accumulation medium for a
multitude of organic or inorganic contaminants.
This paper presents the investigations carried out on the quality of surface
water and sediments collected from Abrud hydrographic basin affected by
long lasting activity extraction of minerals. Investigations carried out have
as purpose to establish the water quality Abrud river upstream and
downstream of the pollution sources including Foiesu river (right tributary of
Abrud) and also the changes induced upon them along investigated time
period.
It was also evaluated the partition of some metals (Cu, Cd) within all
fractions defined by sequential extraction operations using the BCR
(Community Bureau of Reference). Metal distribution in those fractions
offers information on their bio-availability, which in turn allows aquatic
environmental risk assessment.
It is found that the risks induced by the two analyzed metals are changing
according to the conditions of surface water flow, sediment composition
punctual and weather conditions.
It highlights for both heavy metals the positive evolution of environmental
risk over time.
Keywords: sediment, ecological risk, sequential extraction, metals mobility
References
[1] MA, M., ZHU, W., WANG, Z., WITKAMP, G.J., Mar. Pollut. Bull., 31,
2003, p. 420-423.
[2] BERVOETS, L., PANIS, L., VERHEYEN, R., Chemosphere, 29, 1994,
p. 1591-1601.
[3] BIRSAN E., DIACU E., Revista de Chimie, 63, 8, 2013
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II-O-5. THE CHARACTERIZATION OF PRIORITY HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES DISTRIBUTION AT THE LEVEL OF ABIOTIC
COMPARTMENTS (WATER/SEDIMENT) OF THE OLT RIVER BASIN,
IN THE INDUSTRIAL PLATFORM AREA RAMNICU VALCEA
Mihaela Iordache1,2, Luisa Roxana Popescu1, 2, Aurelia Meghea2
1
The National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
INCD-ECOIND Bucharest-Subsidiary Ramnicu Valcea, 1 Uzinei Street,
240050, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
2
University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and
Material Science,
1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest, Romania
This paper aims to evaluate pollution priority hazardous substances in the
river Olt ecosystems induced by the industrial platform Ramnicu Valcea.
There is generally insignificant soil pollution caused organochlorine
substances (1,2 Dichloroethane, Trichloroethylene, 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene
ether 'diclordiizopropilic, perchlorethylene) and heavy metals (nickel,
cadmium, copper, zinc, lead). There was a significant pollution with copper
in the point S7, point was situated at approx. 50 m east of Monomer plant,
vicinity pool DA 602 (wastewater treatment).
In general the water samples from the river Olt and the accumulation lakes
on the river Olt not found pollution of a heavy metals, nickel, copper,
cadmium, zinc and lead. The exception is the point P7 (Cremernari) in
which nickel was within grade quality. For organochlorine substances
analyzed in the three sections is observed that 1,2-dichloroethane,
trichlorethylene and perchlorethylene took values that are within the limits
imposed by the Order no. 161/2006, and 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene and ether
'diclordiizopropilic falls below the detection limit of the method.
In sediment samples collected from the Olt River and the accumulation
lakes on the river Olt is found higher concentrations of nickel in the sections
S1, S2, S3, S6, all sections situated upstream of the platform, copper in
sections S3 and S6, cadmium in section S7 (Cremenari), lead in sections
S1, S3, S6, S9, zinc in the sections S1 , S3, S6, S7, sections S1, S3, S6,
situated upstream of the platform.
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Also observe that in all sections, 1,2 dichloroethane, trichlorethylene,
perchlorethylene, 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene and ether  'diclordiizopropilic,
taking values below the detection limit of the method.
From the results it is observed accumulation of metals (nickel, copper, zinc
and lead) greater in the upstream industrial platform Ramnicu Valcea,
downstream sections from which one can deduce that pollution sources
could be Ramnicu industrial activities located in Valcea upper Olt.
Keywords: priority hazardous substances, pollution, water surface,
sediment, soil
References
1. Emad A. Mohammad Salah, Tahseen A Zaidan, Ahmed S. Al-Rawi,
Assessment of Heavy Matals Pollution in the Sediments of Euphrates
River, Iraq, Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2012, 4, 1009-1023.
2. Mihaela Iordache, “Caracterizarea distributiei subtantelor prioritare /
prioritar periculoase la nivelul compartimenteleor abiotice (apa / sediment)
ale Bazinului Hidrografic Olt in zona platformei industriale Ramnicu
Valcea“- PN 09-13 02 09
II-O-6. EVALUATION OF MERCURY POLLUTION
IN OLT RIVER BASIN INDUCED BY HISTORICAL
AND CURRENT POLLUTION SOURCES
Luisa Roxana Popescu1, 2, Cristina Dinu1, Mihaela Iordache1,2,
Eleonora-Mihaela Ungureanu2
1
The National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
INCD-ECOIND Bucharest-Subsidiary Ramnicu Valcea, 1 Uzinei Street,
240050, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
2
University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and
Material Science,
1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest, Romania
This paper aims at establishing the historical and current sources of
mercury pollution, for monitoring mercury dispersion in Olt River Basin
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ecosystems (B.H.Olt) and development of the quality of aquatic
ecosystems upstream and downstream of pollution sources investigated.
For this, samples water and sediment from spring B.H.Olt (Balan)
and until it flows into the Danube, upstream and downstream of pollution
sources and soil samples from industrial sites in B.H.Olt vicinity, were
collected.
The degree of pollution with mercury was established and mercury
pollution on ecosystems soil, water and sediment from B.H.Olt. was
evaluated by comparing the determined values during the investigation
period, with the legislation.
Keywords: mercury detection, water surface, sediment, soil
References
1.
Mandoc L.R., Taralunga M., Iordache M., Seasonal fluctuations of
mercury pollution from ecosystems soil, water/sediment in Olt river
basin - National Chemistry Conference, Ramnicu Valcea, 6-8 October
2010;
2.
Emad A. Mohammad Salah, Tahseen A Zaidan, Ahmed S. Al-Rawi,
(2012), Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in the Sediments of
Euphrates River, Iraq, Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 4,
1009-1023;
3.
Zoynab Banu, Md. Shariful Alam Chowdhury, Md. Delwar Hossain,
Ken’ichi Nakagami, (2013), Contamination and Ecological Risk
Assessment of Heavy Metal in the Sediment of Turag River,
Bangladesh: An Index Analysis Approach, Journal of Water Resource
and Protection, 5, 239-248.
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II-O-7. IMPACT OF THE PROPERTIES AND COMPOSITION
OF INUNDATING NATURALLY CARBONATED MINERAL WATER
ON THE SOIL IN THE AREA OF OLT VALLEY
J. Fazakas, K. Gál
Babeş- Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Extension Saint George, RO-520050 St. George, Stadion
14 no., [email protected],
Phone: +(40)267-352 805/352 807, Fax: +(40)267-352 805/352 807
In this present study we analyzed the impact of three naturally carbonated
mineral water springs to the soil pH value of the surrounding farmlands in
the Olt Valley, selected by us. The field and forest areas are inundated by
the mineral water making the soil wet, and we assume that by its mineral
salt content it affects the pH value of the soil, thus altering fertility. By our
measurements we tried to prove these assumptions. Moreover, we would
like to support our research by the observation of the changes in vegetation
around the springs.
II-O-8. GEOCHEMICAL MODEL OF THE GROUNDWATER
AT COUNTY-WIDE SCALE IN ROMANIA. CASE STUDY
Bogdan Stanescu, Ramona Dumitrache, Lidia Kim
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei St., sector 6, 060652, Bucharest,
Romania, phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575; 4120042;
e-mail: [email protected]
This paper presents a functional model for the investigation of the
groundwater quality expanded to the size of a county of Romania,
considered as a case study. Were followed several steps: defining the
surface area of the study, establishing the methodology of the investigation
(the sampling method and the quality indicators), design of the
experimental field, applied methodology and getting a set of functional
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groundwater geochemical model of the entire county. Were determined for
each groundwater sample a total of 20 physical and chemical quality
indicators and overall analytical determinations were subjected to a total of
119 samples of water from underground with free level. Each sample was
located with a GPS receiver, so all the results are a georeferenced
database for the entire county. We have mapped the distribution of the
pollutant concentrations to a number of relevant nutrient pollution category
and a map of the "nitrates" indicator, the pollutant with the highest
amplitudes of the concentrations recorded.
Keywords: groundwater pollution, nutrients, geochemical model
II-O-9. INVESTIGATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
IN CASE OF THE ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION
PRODUCED WITH OIL PRODUCTS. CASE STUDIES
Bogdan Stanescu, Gheorghe Batrinescu, Lidia Kim
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei St., sector 6, 060652, Bucharest,
Romania, phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575; 4120042;
e-mail: [email protected]
The investigation of the geological environment is absolutely necessary in
the case of pollution and more so in the case of the accidental pollution in
order to determine environmental damages and in order to take the
appropriate measures necessary to restore it to bring it to the acceptable
quality conditions in accordance with the requirements of the legislation.
This article presents the results of investigating the geological environment
in two case studies, which allows a concrete analysis of the factors
involved in oil pollution case. Distinguish a number of important factors
such as the lithology and geomorphology of the land, mainly slope, the
meteorological factors (rainfall, soil frost), depth of the underground water
table level, land drainage, etc. The analytical results obtained are
presented in details and the quantitative estimation of the soil affected by
oil pollution related to land surfaces analyzed in the two specific cases
studied.
Keywords: geological environment, pollution, oil products pollutions
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II-O-10. DETERMINING THE DANGEROUSNESS
OF WASTE
Doina Guta, Gheorghe Batrinescu, Adriana Cuciureanu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei St., sector 6, 060652, Bucharest,
Romania, phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575; 4120042;
e-mail: [email protected]
Producers and holders of waste - legal entities - are forced to fit each type
of waste generated from its work on the national list of waste (for Romania,
waste list is contained in the Government Decision no. 856/2002).
Therefore, occur frequently requests to characterize the waste in order to
their classification. This has made to be necessary a methodology to
establish (in a consistent and reproducible manner that take into account
the legislative provisions and the needs of those working in the production,
transport and capitalization / waste disposal) the hazardous/non hazardous nature of a waste. The methodology established and used in the
INCD ECOIND Bucharest was based on Romanian legislation (legislation
harmonized with the European one), which, however, is not able to make
easy work of framing a waste.
Methodology for determining the dangerousness of waste is laborious. A
correct methodology requires as much information about the analyzed
waste: data obtained from the client, from literature, from safety data
sheets of the raw materials used in waste-generating processes or in
waste – treating processes, from data obtained by analytical determinations
performed on waste samples analyzed; it is important, therefore, to
correctly identify the quality indicators to be determined. Further, the
method includes identifying risk phrases of all determined or potential
components existing in waste. The quantification of dangerous properties
of analyzed waste samples is achieved by summing the total concentration
of compounds that shows the same risk phrase, responsible for a particular
dangerous property.
To minimize the effort of applying this methodology, it was necessary to
develop a database (with the names of substances, CAS Registry Number,
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molecular weight, solubility in water, risk phrases etc.) for the potential
constituents of a wide variety of waste, the database that remains open.
Keywords: Hazard Assessment, wastes
II-O-11. ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS INDUCED BY
THE PRESENCE OF DANGEROUS POLLUTANTS
IN MUNICIPAL LANDFILLS SURROUNDING AREAS
Adriana Cuciureanu, Gheorghe Batrinescu, Bogdan Stanescu,
Ramona Dumitrache
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei St., sector 6, 060652, Bucharest,
Romania, phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575; 4120042;
e-mail: [email protected]
The issue of waste management is among the priority concerns for
environmental protection both nationally and internationally.
The continuous growth of human activities has economic, social and
environmental implications. Among the environmental problems caused by
human activities, the municipal waste management has gained a priority for
environmental protection. Emissions from municipal landfills negative have
impact on all environmental components, "air", "water" and "soil".
Landfills are acknowledged as generating impact and risk to the
environment and public health.
Composition and typology of waste deposited on landfill of municipal waste
is extremely different. They may contain a number of compounds which
often shows a dangerous character.
By default, they are found in emissions from storage and hazards to the
environment.
The paper highlight specific cases, the risks associated with these
pollutants in adjacent deposits areas.
Keywords:environmental risk, municipal landfills, dangerous pollutants
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II-O-12. GETTING THE MOST OUT
OF OPERATIONAL DATA IN ENERGETICS
Mirela Danubianu1, Cristian Teodorescu2, Lucian Constantin2, Doina Alban3
1 University
“Stefan cel Mare”, Suceava, [email protected]
2 INCD-ECOIND
3 SC
– Bucharest, [email protected] ,
TERMICA SA, Suceava, [email protected]
Putting the Europe 2020 Strategy at work means acting in top areas like
energy and environment. Both power production and environmental
protection imply very elaborate strategies, important investment and
continual upgrade of technologies and operational procedures. An
important source for information leading to more efficient power production
installations is the massive databases present in any power unit and
including records of all “historical” operational parameters. The paper
addresses, as a short-term, inexpensive action for better energy
efficiencies, the problem of data-mining of such databases as a managerial
tool for improving the existing level of performance of power equipment.
Data-mining exploits the records of operational parameters by trying to
identify trends and patterns, extracting valuable information by
mathematical / statistical processing of records, creating an objective
background for managers and policy developers. In the first stage, records
are tested for consistency and coherence (which can lead to immediate
measures for improving the way information is collected from the existing
power producing equipment, e.g., installing better monitoring devices). The
next step, presented by the paper, is the identification of best “historical”
efficiencies recorded (internal benchmarking) that should be the first target
to achieve for managers and operators. Attaining and maintaining the level
of best recorded performance is the simplest, least expensive, most
straightforward way to improve current efficiency and prove the positive
impact of data-mining. Follows a comparison of technological and
environmental performances against up-to-date BAT-BREF documents for
the power production industry. This analysis should point out to most
significant aspects of the existing technology, responsible for large specific
consumptions, important environmental impacts, etc. Results of applying
the data-mining to the TERMICA-Suceava power plant led to a better
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knowledge, by the managers, of the technology and its up and downs,
pointed to short-term potential improvements and allowed the development
of long-term policies for addressing technical and environmental issues.
Keywords: Energy production, environmental protection, energy efficiency,
data-mining, mathematical modeling.
II-O-13. LOW TEMPERATURES THERMAL ENERGY – A HUGE
MARKET AND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
Madalina Irina Ghilvacs1, 2, Mircea Adrian Nicolescu 2
1
2
University “Politehnica” of Bucharest
National Institute of Research - Development for Machines and
Installations Designed to Agriculture and Food Industry - INMA Bucharest
In everyday life, the concept of thermal energy is associated, in outlook,
with areas or facilities which are distinguished by relatively high
temperatures. In the shadow of this perception, we are tempted to not see
the quantities of heat that benefits all of us, for personal convenience or for
carrying some activities. The reason for this negligence is that the heat
enters our lives at relatively low temperatures, which is not perceived as
dangerous. Required amount of heat at low temperature are huge and are
largely obtained on account of adequate fossil fuels quantity burning. This
conduct can not be considered environmentally friendly because, on the
one hand, leads to high rates of diminishing fuel reserves and, on the other
hand, increase the rates in which terrestrial atmosphere is loaded with
fossil carbon. However, "Mother Nature" is generous and gives us the
opportunity to obtain large amounts of heat through smart exploitation of
local resources present practically in any area.
This work aims to analyze the thermal energy at low temperature
consumption under three aspects. The first of these concerns the structure
and dimensions of the particular market. The second issue concerns the
"supply" of available heat in the environment. Finally, the third aspect
concerns the technical possibilities available for an intelligent exploitation of
natural heat supply to cover a portion of alleged market.
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II-O-14. USING AN ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS’ COMPOSITE
INDEX AS A TOOL FOR MANAGERIAL DECISIONS
Lucian Constantin1, Margareta Nicolau1 , Cristian Teodorescu2
1
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei St., sector 6, Bucharest,
Romania, [email protected]
2
SC CERTINDECO SRL
Compliance of Romanian industrial organizations to European Union
environmental regulations constitutes a premise for sound environmental
performance and is accompanied by important costs. A clear identification
and evaluation of both tangible and intangible environmental costs incurred
within an industrial organisation / sector represents the baseline for proper
managerial decisions. The proposed composite index is taking into account
the main environmental costs identified within the organisation / sector and
is representing an important base for decisions related to the improvement
of both economic and environmental performance of organisation / sector.
A methodology for both identification of tangible / intangible environmental
costs and calculation of environmental costs composite index was
developed based on available United Nations – Environmental
Management Accounting and Material Flow Cost Accounting – ISO 14051
procedures. The methodology was applied in a first step at the level of an
industrial organisation from energy production sector and then translated to
the sectorial level. Its application resulted in a set of measures to be
implemented at the level of industrial organisation in order to improve its
performances and options for sustainable development of the energy
production sector. A set of eco-efficiency indicators to be applied at the
level of organisation and industrial sector was also developed in order to
assess their environmental performances.
Keywords: environmental costs, composite index, eco-efficiency
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II-O-15. THE EUROPEAN LEGISLATION
AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EMS AND ENMS
Madeleine Dina – Lead Auditor
BUREAU VERITAS ROMANIA CONTROLE INTERNATIONAL S.R.L.
Faithful to the sustainable development concept, the EU
implements, step by step, the strategy regarding prevention of pollution, for
general environmental protection and for resources protection, including
the resources, renewable or not, dedicated to power generation.
If we only take a look to the last decade, we can find a whole batch
of EU Directives, Regulations and Decisions which address the spectrum of
the mains categories of environmental aspects: air quality, water quality,
industrial pollution and prevention control, waste management, hazardous
substances, climate changes, noise etc. And all these have one single
declared purpose: the reducing of the environmental impact through a
systematic and cross frontier approach on necessary actions. Regarding
the concerns for the energy efficiency, the EU has defined specific targets
until 2020: 20% energy saving of total primary energy, 20% reduction of
greenhouse gases emission - below the 1990 level, 20% from the mixed
energy must come from renewable resources. In this case, too, was issued
a new Directive for the implementation of EU Policy on energy efficiency.
Environmental Management Systems (EMS) and Energy
Management System (EnMS) are two of the tools which, implicitly or
explicitly, are promoted by the EU in order to achieve the targeted goals
and objectives. Both management systems have requirements set by
international standards (such as ISO 14001 and ISO 50001), by which an
organization may establish and implement Policies and Objectives for
environment or energy, with the assumption of compliance with legal
requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes.
The European Directives were evolving over time, both in structure
and in the form of expression. In the beginning of the last decade the keyconcepts used were POLICIES, COMMUNITY OBJECTIVES and
ACTIONS PROGRAMMES – all these being the principal elements of the
Management systems, too.
Later on, the European Directives began to promote equivalent
terms for PREVENTIVE ACTIONS, CORRECTIONS and CORRECTIVE
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ACTIONS for the NONCOMPLIANCE with critical limits stated by the
relevant legislation. Moreover, we can find wording like: ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS and IMPACT ANALYSIS, EMISSION MONITORING and
COMPLIANCE WITH LEGAL REQUIREMENTS, specific actions of the
OPERATIONAL CONTROL, EMERGENCY PLANS and PUBLIC
COMMUNICATION.
In some cases (e.g. waste management and energy efficiency), the
European Directives have become very explicit in the recommendations
they make regarding the utility of EMS and EnMS implementation, based
on ISO 14001 and ISO 50001 international standards.
Policy, objectives, environmental aspects, impact analysis or
energy audit, responsibilities establishment, communication with
interested parties, operational control, emergency preparedness,
monitoring, evaluation of compliance with legal requirements,
treatment of nonconformities through corrections and corrective
actions, preventive action taken…they are all clauses of the standards
ISO 14001 and ISO 50001!
Although the implementation of EMS and EnMS is a voluntary
decision, the fact they are subject of recent recommendations of the
European Directives shows the conviction that these Management systems
represent effective tools in achieving commitments regarding
environmental protection and pollution prevention or energy performance
(energy efficiency, energy usage and energy consumption).
II-O-16. ROUGH SET THEORY A PROMISING
INSTRUMENT FOR DIAGNOSIS AND PREDICTION
INCLUDING POLLUTION PHENOMENA
Madalina Arama, Margareta Nicolau , Gheorghe Batrinescu, Carol Lehr,
Virgil Criste, Ana Anghel
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei St., sector 6, 060652, Bucharest,
Romania, phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575; 4120042;
e-mail: [email protected]
The paper presents the use of Rough Set Theory (acronym RST) as a new
emerging instrument to support the environmental decision in uncertainty
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conditions. New developed methodologies for environmental pollution
diagnosis and prediction and their use in environmental impact/risk
assessment are presented. Those methodologies can be successfully used
to make prediction regarding pollution phenomena and seems to be a
promising simple instrument to be implemented in order to adapt the
measures to be taken in adequate time during incidental/accidental
discharges so that pollution plume concentration (regardless the pollution
type) to be estimated.
Keywords: RST, pollution prediction
II-O-17. DEFINING OCCUPATIONS
AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPETENCES EVALUATION
OF PERSONS USING OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS
Ana Anghel1, Ionel Virgil Criste1 Elena Laslu2
1
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,
Bucharest, tel 021.410.03.77 fax 021.410.05.75,
e-mail: [email protected]
2
UNIMED
In last few years the field of environmental occupations, among other
occupations that have occurred due to the interest in sustainable
development, have seen extensive development. For quick adaptation of
the workforce to labor market needs, steps are necessary, since the
definition of what environmental occupations, establish a strategy for
development and adoption of occupational standards, training and / or
professional skills assessment environment for these occupations. In this
paper the approaches adopted are currently trades on the definition of
environmental and occupational importance of developing appropriate
standards for assessing environmental professional skills.
Keywords: qualifications, professional competence, assessment center,
units of competence, occupational standards.
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SECTION III
POLLUTION CONTROL AND MONITORING
- plenary conference
- oral presentations
- posters
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- PLENARY CONFERENCE -
PC-8. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING BY USING AGGREGATED
INDICATORS
I. Tulbure
Unversity “1 December 1918” Alba Iulia, 11-13 N. Iorga St., 510009 Alba
Iulia, Romania, Telephone: 0258-806263, Fax: 0258-806329
[email protected]
The issue regarding environmental monitoring in order to point out the
environmental quality and its pollution has been very discussed in the last
years. Carrying out environmental monitoring, especially monitorisation of
air quality, is usually done be using simple indicators, emphasising
concentrations for single pollutants. The same is also observed when
analysing water pollution, i.e. the water quality is usually emphasised by
using several simple indicators.
Another direction is to develop so called aggregated indicators, used for
characterising the air quality and water quality. Such indicators integrate
several single pollutants. As interesting this direction is, as difficult and still
not well clarified is the aggregation way. There are different possibilities to
carry out such an aggregation, one of them is the fuzzy logic based
aggregation.
Because of the advantages brought by using fuzzy logic, this aggregation
possibility has been very discussed on different levels.
In this paper the concrete aggregation possibility by using fuzzy logic will
be presented and some concrete results regarding a new air pollution
indicator API will be presented.
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- ORAL PRESENTATIONS -
III-O-1. QUALITY CONTROL OF DRINKING WATER
IN BRASOV MUNICIPALITY USING FIRST DRAW
AND FULL FLUSH SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Gabriela Vasile1, Alina Catrangiu1, Cristina Dinu1, Nicoleta Damian2,
Gabriela Masau3
1
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND, Pollution Control Department, Podu Dambovitei Street, no. 7173, district 6, code 060652, Bucharest, ROMANIA
2
Transilvania University of Brasov, Department of Product Design,
Mechatronics and Environment, Eroilor Street, no. 29, code 500092,
Brasov, ROMANIA
3
Water Company Brasov, Vlad Tepes Street no. 13, code 500092, Brasov,
ROMANIA
The present study investigates the influence of in-house installation
systems to the tap water quality in Brasov Municipality in order to get an
overview of the current contamination levels of drinking water at the
consumer’s tap. In a sampling campaign organized in March 2013, the
samples were collected from customer’s cold line pipe with first draw (1st
liter taken in the morning from kitchen without previous flush of the tap) and
fully flushed sampling (after flushing five minutes same tap) procedures. In
the monitoring program were included samples from Tarlung Water Plant,
drinking water samples from storage tanks situated in different Brasov
areas, 34 samples from customer’s tap and 12 samples from branch pipes.
The investigated parameters (metals, organic compounds and
microbiological parameters) were those included in Romania Legislation in
accordance with European Drinking Water Directive 98/83/EC.
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The metallic element Al, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb and Zn
were analyzed in tap water samples using inductively coupled plasma
atomic emission spectroscopy technique. The monitoring data show an
influence of the material used in the internal distribution system within the
customer buildings to the tap waters quality. Around 18% of first draw
samples indicated a pollution of drinking water with Ni (2 samples) and Pb
(2 samples). The metal concentrations recorded in tap waters collected
with tap flushing procedure and also the samples collected from branch
pipe were situated in the limit values in all studied cases.
It was notice a decrease of free chlorine concentration in stagnated water
(in most samples, below the limit of detection for the test method)
compared with branch pipe and fully flushed samples. This permits the
development of microorganisms, the stagnated water being unprotected
from the bacteriological point of view.
The present study demonstrate that materials used in water supply
domestic installations have a major contribution in deterioration of water
quality provided by the local distribution network, due to the processes of
water stagnation and lack of maintenance of the internal distribution
materials.
Keywords: tap water, stagnation, metals
References
1. Gabriela Vasile, Cristina Dinu, Liliana Cruceru, Jana Petre, Distribution
water materials and tap water quality, Environmental Engineering and
Management Journal, 2010, 9, 11, 469-475;
2. Best Practice Guide on Sampling and Monitoring Metals in Drinking
Water, ISBN 978-184-339-383-2, 2012, IWA Publishing ;
3. Gabriela Vasile, Cristina Dinu, Liliana Cruceru, Drinking water quality on
customer’s tap –correlation with materials used in domestic distribution
systems and recommendations for quality improvement, International
Symposium “Environment and Industry”, Bucharest, 16-18 October
2011.
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III-O-2. SPE – HPLC/DAD ANALYSIS OF BENTAZONE
AND AZINPHOS-METHYL IN WATER SAMPLE
Vasile Ion Iancu, Jana Petre
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, Bucharest, sector 6, Romania
A simple and reliable method was developed for the determination of
bentazone and azinphos-methyl in water using high-performance liquid
chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) at 254 nm.
Chromatographic separation was carried out on a BDS Hypersil C8 column
(15 0mm x 4mm, 5 µm particles) at 20 0C and 0.8 ml/min flow rate with a
mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile - ultrapure water (80 : 20, v/v).
Satisfactory separation of two pesticides was obtained in 7 minutes by
injecting 10 µl standard solution. The linearity ranges of the calibration
curves ranged from 0.27 µg/ml to 2.47 µg/ml for bentazone and from 0.34
µg/ml to 3.1 µg/ml for azinphos-methyl. The selectivity of the method was
tested by injecting standard solution containing a mixture of azinphosmethyl, bentazone, atrazine, simazine and propazin. These compounds
were separated at differents retention times, this showing the selectivity of
method. The recovery rate was tested using two SPE cartridges: Strata X
(Phenomenex) and LiCrholut EN (Merck). The Strata X cartridges were
found to be more suitable for extracting the two organophosphorus
pesticides from surface water samples. The average recoveries were
95.8% for azinphos-methyl and 105.6% for bentazone.
Keywords: HPLC, bentazone, azinphos-methyl, water
References
1 A.M. Faria, L. Maldaner, C.C. Santana, I.C.S.F. Jardim, C.H. Collins,
Anal. Chim. Acta 2007, 582, 34–40.
2 V. Iancu, J. Petre, L. Cruceru, INT. SY. “ENV. IND.”, 2007, Bucharest,
Romania.
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3 J.M. Marin, E. Gracia-Lor, J.V. Sancho, F.J. Lopez, F. Hernandez, J.
Chromatogr. A, 2009, 1216, 1410–1420.
4 V. I. Iancu, J. Petre, L. Cruceru, J. Env. Prot. Ecol, 2011, 12, 833-840.
III-O-3. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF Β-LACTAMS
ANTIBIOTICS IN WASTEWATER SAMPLES BY SOLID PHASE
EXTRACTION FOLLOWED BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY AND TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Jana Petre, Vasile Ion Iancu, Marcela Niculescu, Gabriela-Geanina Vasile
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei street, Bucharest, sector 6,
Romania
In the present work, an analytical method for the simultaneous
determination of six β-lactams antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin
V, penicillin G, oxacillin and cephalexin) is proposed for the determination
of these compounds in wastewater treatment plants (WWPTs) influents and
effluents. The β-lactams were extracted from water samples using Oasis
HLB cartridges with pre-concentration factors up to 250. The compounds
have been separated using a Zorbax SB-C18 (50 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)
HPLC column and gradient elution with mobile phase consisting of
aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. Detection was performed by mass
spectrometry with a triple quadrupole using an electrospray interface. The
linear range of the standard curve was from 1.0 to 600 ngmL-1 (R2>0.99).
Average recoveries of β-lactams in fortified samples were generally above
74% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 11 %. Limits of
detection were in the range 5-265 ngL-1 and 2-106 ngL-1 for influent and
effluent wastewater samples, respectively. The described method was
applied to the determination of the β-lactams in wastewater samples from a
municipal WWTP.
Keywords: antibiotics, β-lactams, wastewater, WWTPs
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References
1. E. Benito-Peña, A.I. Partal-Rodera, M.E. León-González, M.C. MorenoBondi, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2006, 556, 415-422.
2. J.M. Cha, S. Yang, K.H. Carlson, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1115, 46-57.
3. I. Ferrer, J. A. Zweigenbaum, E. M. Thurman, J. Chromatogr. A, 2010,
1217, 5674-5686.
III-O-4. TYPICAL PROFILE IDENTIFICATION
OF POLLUTION SOURCES BY POLYCYCLIC
AROMATIC SULFUR HETEROCYCLES
Andrei Ciprian Niculae, Jana Petre, Marcela Niculescu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, Bucharest, sector 6, Romania
A semi-quantitative method has been developed for the determination of
typical profiles of PASHs to identify the main sources of soil pollution.
PASHs
compounds
selected
in
this
study
were
2,3dimethylbenzothiophene,
6,7-dimethylbenzothiophene,
naphto[1,2b]thiophene, phenanthro[3,4-b]thiophene, 3-phenylbenzothiophene and 3(naphthyl)benzothiophene. Extraction of soil samples was carried out by
ultrasonication using n-hexane. Final analysis was performed by gas
chromatography using a non-polar capillary column TR-5ms (60 m, 0.25
mm, 0.25 µm) and the detection by high resolution mass spectrometer with
magnetic and electric sector using electronic impact ionization. The linear
range of the standard curve prepared from contaminated soil was from 1.0
to 8.0 ngKg-1 (R2>0.97). Limits of detection ranged from 0.13 ngKg-1 to 2.50
ngKg-1. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to study
the soil profiling polluted by mobile and fixed sources.
Keywords: PASH, soil, pollution sources, profiles
References
1. J.J. Brocks, R. Buick, G.A. Logan, R.E. Summons, Geochim.
Cosmochim Ac, 2003, 67, 4289–4319.
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2. L. Remusat, S. Derenne, F. Robert, H. Knicker, Geochim. Cosmochim
Ac 2005, 69, 3919–3932.
3. J.C. Means, J AOAC, 1998, Int 81, 657–672.
4. W. Brack, K. Schirmer, Environ Sci Technol, 2003, 37, 3062–3070.
5. M.C. Barron, E. Holder, Hum Ecol Risk Assess, 2003, 9, 1533–1545.
6. J. Jacobs (1990), Sulfur analogues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(thiaarenes). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
7. S. Sinkkonen, Chemosphere, 1997, 34, 2585–2594.
III-O-5. MONITORING OF SURFACTANTS CONCENTRATION
IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
USING DIFFERENT ANALYTICAL METHODS
Iuliana Paun, Iancu Vasile, Jana Petre, Irina Lucaciu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial EcologyECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, Bucharest,060652,Romania
[email protected]
Surfactants (also called surface active agents or wetting agents) are
organic chemicals which are widely used for industrial, agricultural, and
pharmaceutical applications, in products as diverse as pesticides,
detergent powders, household/industrial/cleaning/disinfectant products,
petroleum products, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. There are hundreds
of compounds that can be used as surfactants and are usually classified by
their ionic behavior in solutions: anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric
(zwiterionic). After use, surfactants are disposed to wastewater-treatment
plants and finally with effluent water to surface waters due to their
incomplete degradation. Moreover, they may be released directly into the
surface waters and can freely circulate in different environmental
compartments including living organisms.
Each surfactant class has its own specific properties and becomes
indispensable to recognize in more detail behavior, fate and effects of
surfactants on aquatic environment.
Surfactant analysis plays a major role worldwide and their content in the
environment should be determined as quickly, precisely and accurately as
possible. Their separation and identification can be challenging due both to
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the diversity of surfactants and the complexity of the sample matrix. This
analytical problem can be solved using sensitive and reliable analytical
techniques at sample preparation step and final determination step.
Usually, colorimetric techniques are the standard methods for the
determination of anionic, nonionic and / or cationic surfactants in aqueous
solutions, but these traditional techniques are susceptible of interferences
on analysis results and these limit severely the application of the
spectrophotometry technique.
This paper highlights appropriate techniques for environmental samples
preparation and analytical methods applied to control and monitoring the
content of anionic, nonionic or cationic surfactants in different aquatic
environmental samples. The overall concentration of surfactants in different
water samples was determined by colorimetric methods and the
chromatographic technique (liquid chromatography) applied at the final
determination step, gives possibility to determine individual types of
surfactants in solvent extracts of environmental samples.
Keywords: surfactants, analytical determination, environmental samples
III-O-6. APPLICATION OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY
FOR ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATES FROM MINE WATER
Ionut Cristea, Laurentiu Dinu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial EcologyECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Bucharest,
sector 6, Romania, Phone: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575; e-mail:
[email protected]; [email protected]
A method for simultaneous analysis of Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, Mg, Si, Ba, Cd, Cr,
Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn and As from mine waters precipitates was
developed employing an NEX CG - Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Spectrometer.
The XRF analysis results were verified with other consecrated method such
AAS and ICP-MS using standardized methodologies, including
pretreatment of samples.
Good correlation of results between methods was achieved (±2-7%).
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Minimum sample preparation (drying, sieving and then prolene cup
preparation) is needed, and up to 4 samples can be analyzed per hour.
Limit of detection for analyzed elements were between 2 and 25 mg/Kg dw.
XRF analysis method was successfully used for analysis of some
precipitates obtained from mine waters using various precipitation methods.
A closed nonferrous metals mine from northern part of Romania was chose
as source of mine water.
Keywords: Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence, mine water
precipitation, metals.
III-O-7. DETERMINATION OF BERYLLIUM
IN STATIONARY SOURCES EMISSIONS
M. Petrescu, E. Bucur, E. Barbu, V. Danciulescu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology – INCD
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei street, sector 6, zip 060652,
Bucharest, Romania
[email protected]
Systemic toxic pollutants such as heavy metals, exerts its actions
on different organs and human body systems, the effect being specific to
this substance.
Their spread in the environment is increasing and their
accumulation in the environment and in the human body is important for
the pathological changes that occur.
Beryllium is an important component of nuclear reactors as a
neutron source with low neutron-absorbing capacity. Beryllium oxide is
used in insulators, resistors, spark plugs and microwave tubes from the
electronics industry.
Little information about atmospheric input of beryllium (Be) into
ecosystems are known, despite its highly toxic behavior. Beryllium is a
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toxic material and an inhalation risk causing sensitization and chronic
beryllium disease (CBD) to receptors[1].
Beryllium and its compounds are included in ,,Class I
carcinogens’’ according to Order 462/1993, and the emission limit value is
0.1 mg/m3 at a mass flow greater that 0.5g/h.
Beryllium emissions are isokinetically sampled from the
source.The particulated emissions are collected in a probe and on heated
filters and the gaseous emissions are collected in a series of chilled
absorbes with absorption solutions.
This paper presents the results obtained by optimizing the
beryllium determination method from stationary sources emissions using
electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and at also
present the performance characteristics of the method[2,3]. The limits of
detection (LOD) were 0.0018 µg/m 3, the linearity ranges under optimized
conditions were 0.05-2 µg/l and the limits of quantification (LOQ) weren
0.0027 µg/m3.
Keywords: stationary sources emissions, Be, ETAAS, isokinetically
References:
1. Mark Sution, Richard K Bibby, Gary Rr., 2012, Evaluation of historical
beryllium abundance in soils, airborne particulates and facilities at
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Science of The Total
Environment, 437,15 October, 373-383;
2. HAGAROVÁ, L. MACHÁČKOVÁ
M. ŽEMBERYOVÁ,V. NÁVOJOVÁ
, 2012, Determination of beryllium various types of natural waters by
electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry’’, Global NEST Journal,
Vol. 14, No 1, 40-47;
3. SR EN 14385:2004 - Stationary source emissions. Determination of the
total emission of As, Cd, Cr,Co,Cu, Mn,Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, V;
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III-O-8. MICROSTRUCTURES AND PROCESSES
FOR BIOTRANSISTORS WITH APPLICATIONS IN
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND FOOD SAFETY
Virgil Emil Ilian1, Lucian Galateanu1, Monica Veca1, Marius Bazu1,
Virgil Liviu Mircea Ilian2, Dragos Varsescu1
1
National Institute for R&D in Microtechnologies, IMT-Bucharest, Romania
2
Euroqualrom Laboratory, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and
Information Technology, Politehnica University Bucharest, Romania
Email address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Environmental monitoring and food safety are major concerns in
the development order of modern society. To achieve these tasks, various
methods for detecting harmful substances were proposed and dedicated
devices were developed. During the recent period of time an increased
interest in using organic semiconductor field effect transistors (OFET) in
biological and chemical detection has arisen. Those sensors are small, with
a good capability of detection at very low concentrations of specific
analytes and reasonably cheap.
In order to fulfill this objective a complex technological process was
developed. After a thorough analysis of available processes, a suitable
technological solution was chosen. The process has two important steps,
one for manufacturing the solid state device and one concerning the
deposition of organic semiconductor film. For the first step, a four mask
process was developed for constructing the field effect transistor,
containing the initial oxidation, diffusion of the gate electrode and growing
the gate oxide, contacts opening and metal deposition of source plus drain
electrodes. The second step is reserved to the deposition of organic
semiconductor film.
To verify and develop the manufacturing processes for OFET, a
specialized structure was designed. This microstructure is of a FET type,
with source and drain electrodes located under the organic semiconductor
(bottom contact configuration). The gate electrode is diffused in the
substrate and the contact is taken out on the surface of the chip. For
achieving the organic semiconductor two thiophene compounds were
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chosen, namely: bisdodecil tetrathiophene (TTE 12) and poly-3hexilthiophen (P3HT). Because the molecular ordering of polymer films
depends on the degree of ordering of the molecules in the solution, for the
P3HT polymer films three solvents were tested, namely: (i)
dichlorobenzene, (ii) chloroform and (iii) tetrahydrofuran. To investigate the
transport properties, seven types of procedures have been developed and
tested, based on the organic semiconductor TTE 12 and P3HT.
Experiments performed on the packaged OFETs shown that the
developed technological processes permit the construction of a sensor for
detecting dangerous substances with multiple applications in environmental
monitoring and food safety.
The development of the technological processes and the
fabrication, with their help, of a biotransistor with organic semiconductor
(OFET), opens a new research direction aiming for multiple applications.
The main goal of our approach is the development of specialized sensors
targeting applications for monitoring the state of the environment and the
presence of hazardous substances in food. Further experiments and
studies will be carried out to create a sensor for the detection of pesticides
at low concentrations (less then 10-7 g/l).
III-O-9. HAZARD CLASSIFICATION OF DANUBE- DANUBE DELTA
(WATER AND SEDIMENT) BASED ON ORGANISMS SENSITIVITY
Stefania Gheorghe, Catalina Stoica, Elena Stanescu, Alina Catrangiu,
Iuliana Paun, Daniela Niculescu, Irina Lucaciu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest - 6, Romania
E-mail: [email protected]
An acute evaluation of toxicity in Danube River - Danube Delta Romanian
sector (1075 – 0 km) was proposed including surface-water and sediment.
The conventional classification of natural waters is based primarily on
chemical and physical parameters. Recently the hazard classification has
included the use of selected microbiotests based on organisms’ sensitivity.
The spatial (11 control points) and temporal (in winter, spring and summer
of 2013) toxicity effects have been assessed using a biotests batery with
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representative species of producers (grean algae Pseudokirchneriella
subcapitata), consumers (rotifers - Brachionus calyciflorus, crustaceeans –
Daphnia magna, Heterocypris incongruent) and decomposers (bacteria Vibrio fischery, protozoans – Tetrahymena thermophile). The physical,
chemical, biological and microbiological characteristics of water and
sediment also have been performed. The preliminary tests results revealed
no acute to slightly toxic effect, respectively Class I and II of hazard. The
sediment samples were more toxic than water. The toxicity results were
directly influenced by organisms sensitivity, sampling locations, season and
climate change issues. The water quality according to hazard classification
was related to pollution classification and biological determinations
(macrozoobenthos, phytoplankton and zooplankton).
Keywords:
Danube River,
classification
Danube
Delta,
microbiotests,
hazard
III-O-10. MICROBIAL POPULATION DYNAMICS IN DELTAIC AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEMS – CASE STUDY ON SFANTU GHEORGHE BRANCH
Alina Catrangiu 1, 2, Daniela Niculescu1, Irina Lucaciu1, Catalina Stoica1,
Carmen Chifiriuc2, Grigore Mihaescu2
1
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, Bucharest – 6, Romania,
[email protected]
2 University
of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei,
Bucharest-5, Romania, www.bio.unibuc.ro
The aquatic ecosystem – a perfect environment to propagate the microbial
characters.
Nowadays, the water resources are limited to water requirements and they
are not always of proper quality. The microbiological contamination of water
is a current problem with negative effects on population health especially in
the Danube Delta, where, some times, the raw surface water is used as
drinking water source, without any treatment or disinfection process.
In the period January - July 2013, an investigation program of
microbiological water quality of Sfantu Gheorghe Branch has been started.
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11 control sections were selected and the water and sediments samples
were monthly collected in sterile bottles.
The most important parameters for microbiological water quality such as
fecal indicators were analyzed by two methods: membrane filtration method
for water samples and multiple tube method for sediment samples.
The results indicated a high degree of microbiological pollution of aquatic
ecosystems in the first months and it also was observed an indirect
proportionality between bacteriological indicators in water and sediments,
but it’s not a general rule. This phenomenon is based on sedimentation of
microorganisms depending on the environmental conditions. Bacteria
identified were subjected to antibiograms to assess the possibility of
transmission of resistance to antibiotics.
The drinking water analysis emphasized contamination with potential
pathogenic bacteria from surface water that may have adverse effects on
human health.
Keywords: microorganisms, aquatic ecosystem, Danube Delta
III-O-11. LONG- TERM BIOLOGICAL CHANGES ALONG DANUBE
AND DANUBE DELTA SYSTEMS AFTER INDUSTRIALIZATION PERIOD
Catalina Stoica, Stefania Gheorghe, Iuliana Paun, Elena Stanescu,
Cristina Dinu, Jana Petre, Irina Lucaciu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial EcologyECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, Bucharest, 060652, Romania,
tel. +40 (0)21 410 03 77, [email protected]
Over the last 50 years humans have converted the export of fluvial
materials which induced significant changes in biology, chemistry and
morphology of the aquatic systems. The study presents the long-term
changes induced on biotic communities alongside chemical parameters in
Danube and Danube Delta system after industrialization period in the
context of compliance with Water Framework Directive requirements. The
Danube basin has been subject to some important ecological changes,
caused mainly by: hydrotechnical works, the built up of two large reservoirs
(Iron Gates I and II) for hydrotechnical power plants, the conversion of
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floodplains into agricultural lands, opening the Danube-Black Sea canal
which linked Cernavoda to Agigea, multiple uses of chemicals in agriculture
which enrich the Danube waters fertilizers and pollutants, navigation
development, uncontrolled tourism. The survey was done in 16 sampling
sections along Danube and Danube Delta (St. Gheorghe Branch) based on
field experiments over 10-years (2003-2013), researches and national
reports before and after industrialization period.
The main problems identified in the basin were: contamination with
hazardous substances, contamination with substances that enhance the
heterotrophic organism’s growth, oxygen depletion, microbiological
contamination, high nutrient loads and eutrophication. Those changes
affected the aquatic ecosystems of the biocenosis structure reflected by
biodiversity reduction, the loss of the equilibrium between plankton species
– benthos fauna, the algal blooms causing eutrophication, diatoms
abundance, loss of sensitive taxa, high number of endangered species and
the decrease of biological productivity.
The results assessment will allow the present ecological status to
be redefined.
Keywords: Danube, St. Gheorghe Branch, industrialization, biotic
communities, ecological status.
III-O-12. ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNS REGARDING
Ni AND Pb DISTRIBUTIONS AND MOBILITY
IN RIVER SEDIMENTS AFFECTED BY MINING ACTIVITIES
Lidia Kim, Georgiana Cisnovschi, Bogdan Stanescu, Gheorghe Batrinescu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei St., sector 6, 060652, Bucharest,
Romania, Tel.: +40/21/4106716; fax: +40/21/4100575; 4120042;
e-mail: [email protected]
The heavy metal pollution is among the most disseminated environmental
contamination, at least in some regions of Romania, having a particularly
adverse effect on surface water and sediments in affected areas [1].
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This type of contamination could be directly linked to some industrial
activities like smelting and mining.
The main task of this study is to assess the heavy metal outflow from the
contaminated sediment to the aquatic environment, with its subsequent
toxic effect on the living organisms in water [2].
In this paper we study the distribution and mobility of nickel and lead in
sediment samples taken from a highly heavy metals polluted area, the
principal anthropologic input being from existing and former mining
activities.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ecological pollution
degree by determining the mobility and distribution of nickel and lead in
sediments of rivers polluted by industrial human activities [3].
In order to determine the mobile fraction of nickel and lead in sediment
samples we used BCR extraction method that separates three fractions
which differ in the mobility of existing metal chemical species and a method
of leachable extraction fraction by cold extraction method using certified
reference material [4].
Our results show that by applying BCR sequential extraction method on
sediment, it is found that nickel due to its higher mobility than lead, induce
a significant degree of pollution by its migration from sediment to surface
water.
Keywords: sediment, mobility, sequential extraction, heavy metal,
bioavailability
REFERENCES
[1] GREENWAY, G.M., SONG, Q.J., J. Environ. Monit., 4, 2002, p. 300.
[2] MA, M., ZHU, W., WANG, Z., WITKAMP, G.J., Mar. Pollut. Bull., 31,
2003, p. 420-423.
[3] M.B. ARAIN, T.G. GAZI, M.K. JAMALI, H.I. AFRIDI, N. JALBANI, R.A.
SARFRAJ, J.A. BAIG, G.A. KANDHRO, M.A. MEMOU, J. of Haz. Mat.,
160, 2008, p 235-239.
[4] BAEYENS, W., MONTENY, F., LEERMAAKERS, M., BOULLION, S.,
Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 376, 2003, p. 890-901.
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III-O-13 URBAN AIR POLLUTION WITH PARTICULATE MATTER;
DISTRIBUTION OF DIMENSIONAL FRACTIONS
AND CHEMICAL SPECIATION
Elena Bucur, Andrei Vasile, Mihaela Petrescu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology – INCD
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei street, sector 6, zip 060652,
Bucharest, Romania, [email protected]
Due to adverse effects on human health and on the environment, air
pollution with particulate matter (PM), is an area of broad interest to
researches around the world.
Understanding the adverse effects of particles and devising appropriate
control strategies require spatial and temporal information on particulate
matter mass concentration, aerodynamic size and chemical composition.
This paper presents the results obtained in a case study organized in the
fall of 2012 in a residential area with low traffic on the outskirts of Bucharest
in order to determine the ambient air pollution with particulate matter PM
2.5, PM 10 and TSP, and chemical speciation of these particulate matters,
according with Directive 2008/50/EC requirements. During 10-24.09.2012,
daily samples were taken for particulate matter PM 2.5, PM 10 and total
suspended particulates to determine the concentration and mass ratio
between dimensional fractions of particulate matter by gravimetric method
and chemical speciation by ion chromatographic method.
The average concentration of particulate matter in the ambient air for all
three dimensional fractions was below the limit established by national and
European environmental legislation: 33.9 ±10.9µg/m 3 for PM 2.5, 46
±15.1µg/m3 for PM 10 and 73.1 ±20.2µg/m 3 for TSP. PM10 particulate
matter containing an average of 76.6% PM 2.5 and represents 62.3% of
the total particulate matter; PM 2.5 is 47% of TSP. Ion chromatographic
analysis indicated the presence in all three dimensions fractions of the
following ions PO43->NO3->Na+>Ca2+>Cl->K+>F->Mg2+>SO42-; the most
abundant ion was PO43-.
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By analyzing the correlations between the three dimensional fractions of
particulate matter, the Pearson statistical method reveals a good
correlation between low dimensional fractions (R: 0.83 for PM 2.5 and PM
10) and a weaker correlation between PM 2.5 and TSP (R = 0.65); but the
correlation between ions identified in particulate matter was poor.
In conclusion, the correlation indicates the presence of several sources of
particulate matter smaller than 10 μm, with different chemical composition,
at concentrations below the limits. It was also concluded that the weaker
correlation between PM2.5 and TSP happens most probably due to the
resuspension phenomenon.
Keywords: ambient air pollution, chemical speciation, ion chromatography,
particulate matter
III-O-14. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS
FOR MONITORING CO2 EMISSIONS FROM THE ENERGY SECTOR
IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Mona Barbu; Elena Bucur; Mihai Bratu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology –
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumu Podu Dambovitei St., sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
In an economy increasingly globalized a country's energy strategy
is done in the context of changes and developments taking place
worldwide. Due to increasing energy demand, energy has developed
rapidly without the problem of environmental protection. [1].
Energy sector is the largest sector in the emissions of greenhouse
gases, responsible for 66,44% of total emissions of greenhouse gases
generated nationwide in 2009. Total energy demand in 2030 will be around
50% higher than in 2003 [1]. European Commission proposes a set of
documents representing the new energy policy of the EU, decrease
emissions of greenhouse gases by 20% by 2020 compared to 1990. [2; 3].
Monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) is the basis for the (EU
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ETS) Romania, has undergone two phases of the EU ETS, first phase was
performed in 2005-2007 in accordance with the Order of 1175/2006 and in
the second first phase, in 2008-2012 in accordance with Decision
589/2007.[4; 5]. In the third phase of monitoring, starting on 01.01.2013 in
all EU Member States nr.601/21.06.2012 rules apply. The paper proposes
an application in the energy sector, for the evaluation of CO 2 emissions
using both calculation data from analytical laboratory investigations
and those determined by direct measurement of the source. From
research carried out it was determined the method for assessing CO 2 is
direct measurement and for reporting and monitoring that both methods
can be used (direct measurement and calculation), the results being
comparable, the differences in uncertainty margin were under 10%,
acceptable for automatic measurements [5; 6] .
Keywords: monitoring, reporting, measuring emissions of greenhouse
gases
References
[1] Romania's Energy Strategy for 2007-2020
[2] Annual Report on the state in Romanian of the environment -2010
(www.anpm.ro)
[3] International Energy Agency-IEA;
[4] Order no. 3420/12.09.2012 approving the procedure for emissions of
greenhouse gases in 2013-2020
[5] Regulation no. 601/2012 on monitoring and reporting of greenhouse
gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European
Parliament
[6] SR EN 14181:2009 - Emissions from stationary sources. Quality
assurance of automated measuring systems
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III-O-15. CORROSIVITY OF ATMOSPHERES
IN RELATION TO AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
Andrei Vasile, Elena Bucur, Mihaela Petrescu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology – INCD
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei street, sector 6, zip 060652,
Bucharest, Romania
[email protected]
Metals, alloys and metallic coatings can suffer atmospheric
corrosion when their surfaces are wetted. The nature and rate of the attack
depends upon the properties of surface-formed electrolytes, particularly
with regard to the level and type of gaseous and particulate pollutants in
the atmosphere and the duration of their action on the metallic surface. The
character of the corrosion attack and the corrosion rate are consequences
of the corrosion system, which comprises the metallic material, the
atmospheric environment, the technical parameters and operation
conditions.
The corrosivity category is a technical characteristic which provides
a basis for the selection of materials and protective measures in
atmospheric environments subject to the demands of the specific
application, particularly with regard to service life. Data on the corrosivity of
the atmosphere are essential for the development and specification of
optimized corrosion protection for manufactured products.
This paper presents the results of a study ordered by the biggest
Cogeneration Plant from Romania, started in November 2012 and finished
in August 2013. The study involves three stages of air quality and
meteorological parameters monitoring. Each stage was 30 days long, and
was developed in represented periods of the year (November, April and
July). The main objective of the study was to establish the potential
influence of the ambient air quality and meteorological parameters, on the
corrosion of metals and alloys. Because the Cogeneration Plant is located
nearby a very big Refinery Plant, another important objective was to
establish the influence of the Refinery Plant on the quality of ambient air
from the area. Because the Cogeneration Plant uses natural gas in order to
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produce electricity so they have a small level of emissions, it was expected
that the Refinery Plant to be the main polluter from the area. The specific
pollutants selected for monitoring are: particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5 and
TSP), metals (Pb, Cd, Ni), oxides (NO2, SO2), anions and cations from
particulate matter (Na+, K+, Ca2 Mg2+ PO43-), and the main important
meteorological parameters: barometric pressure, temperature, humidity
and direction/speed of wind.
The results of the study have been used to frame the ambient air
quality nearby the Cogeneration Plant in a category of corrosivity and to
verify the compliance with the limits imposed by the environmental
legislation. A very good correlation between wind direction blowing from the
Refinery Plant and concentrations has been observed, which indicates that
the main polluter from the area is the Refinery Plant.
Keywords: air pollution, particulate matter, corrosion, cogeneration plant
III-O-16. BIOMASS WASTE GASIFICATION
IN ORDER TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION
Valeriu Danciulescu, Andrei Vasile, Elena Bucur, Mona Barbu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology – INCD
ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei street, sector 6, zip 060652,
Bucharest, Romania
[email protected]
Climate change is a major challenge of our times, described as a
complex area in which we must improve the knowledge and understanding
to take the most appropriate measures, in order to minimize the effects
and, if possible, to restore climate equilibrium.
Due to energy crisis, research was oriented towards finding new
possibilities to produce low cost energy with minimum environmental
impact. One of the most important ways to produce green low cost energy
is by converting residual biomass into energy by transforming biomass into
biogas through anaerobe digestion or through coincineration with solid
fuels.
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This paper presents the results of two case studies developed in
order to calculate the pollution reduction by transforming biomass into
energy through biogas production or coincineration. First case study aims
to estimate the emission decrease of greenhouse gas by using anaerobic
digestion of biomass waste, resulting biogas and sludge. Biogas can be
used as an alternative source of energy and sludge may be used as a soil
amendment and fertilizer in agriculture. It has been observed a reduction of
53-73% of CO2 emission after using biogas to produce electricity. The
sludge from the biogas station corresponds qualitatively to fertilize
agricultural land and can lead to a corresponding reduction in CO2
equivalent to produce 902.4t of NH4NO3. The second case study was
developed in order to establish the level of CO2 emission reduction by
using the biomass with coal in the energy industry. It is also observed a
reduction of CO2 emissions correlated with the amount of biomass used for
coincineration. Both case studies indicate a high reduction of greenhouse
gas after using biomass for direct or indirect production of energy.
Keywords: anaerobic digestion, biogas, air pollution, biomass
III-O-17. VALORIZATION OF SOME WASTE TO OBTAIN
SOUND-ABSOPTION COMPOSITE MATERIALS,
TARGETING THE REDUCTION OF THE NOISE POLLUTION
Mihai Bratu1, Ovidiu Dumitrescu2, Ovidiu Vasile3, Elena Bucur1,
Valeriu Danciulescu1
1
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology–
ECOIND, [email protected], Tel. 0040.723.685.857
2 POLITEHNICA
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry
and Materials Science, Str. Polizu Nr.1, Bucharest
3
POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest, Mechanic Department,
Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest
The noise is a complex of sounds without a periodical character
that affect the biological and psychological health of humans and other
organism from nature. Noise pollution represents the human or animal
exposure to sounds at disturbing, stressful or harmful levels. This paper
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aims to introduce new systems for absorption and attenuation of noise from
industry or from urban and extra-urban transport based on composite
materials made from recycled solid waste. Compared to conventional
materials this new type of composites incorporates various wastes that can
harm the environment.
The absorption coefficient is used to express the capacity of a
material to absorb the sound waves – to transform the kinetic energy of the
sound waves into thermal energy. It is expressed in percents and
represents the proportion between the total sum of energy that is
transmitted and absorbed by the material and the total incidence energy of
sound waves.
This paper presents several types of composites produced using
waste matrix binder. Absorbing capacity of sound for the new composites
varies depending on the proportion of waste used. Also, are presented
correlations between the grading of the reinforcing material that is used, the
density and porosity of the resulted composite and the absorption sound
waves coefficient for composite material samples which are reinforced with
different wastes.
Keywords: noise, sound waves, absorption coefficient, composite material,
wastes.
III-O-18. USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION SOFTWARE
FOR IMPROVING WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY
Catalina Raluca Mocanu, Lacramioara Diana Robescu
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei, nr. 313, sector 6,
Bucharest
[email protected], [email protected]
The aim of this paper is to show the using of numerical software in order to
improve the wastewater treatment plants efficiency from the design phase.
The use of computer simulation programs to evaluate and design
wastewater treatment plants is becoming more prevalent; design engineers
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often implement models without adequate influent characterization and
calibration. In this paper the STOAT (Sewage Treatment Operation and
Analysis over Time) software is considered to simulate a real wastewater
treatment plant, to analyze the solids retention time and the nutrients (N
and P compounds) in the effluent taking into account different activated
sludge models.
Keywords: wastewater treatment, effluent, nutrients, STOAT
References
[1] I Takacs, GG Patry and D Nolasco, 1991, "A dynamic model of the
clarification-thickening process", Water Research 25(10) 1263-1271
[2] DW Tempest, D Herbert and PKJ Phipps, 1967, "Studies on the growth
of Aerobacter aerogenes at low dilution rates in a chemostat",
Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Microbial
Physiology and Continuous Culture, HMSO
[3] Henze, M.; Gujer, W.; Mino, T.; van Loorsdrecht, M., editors (2000)
Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3. Scientific
and Technical Report No. 9. IWA Publishing: London.
[4] Melcer, H.; Dold, P.A.; Jones, R.P.; Bye, C.M.; Takacs, I.; Stensel,
H.D.; Wilson, A.W.; Sun, P.; Bury, S. (2003) Methods for Wastewater
Characterization in Activated Sludge Modeling. 99-WWF-3. Water
Environment Research Foundation and IWA Publishing: Alexandria, VA
and London.
[5] STOAT Tutorial Guide
[6] NTPA 001
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III-O-19. EFFICIENCY OF THE MONITORING INDICES IN EXPLAINING
THE DISSIMILARITY IN THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF LOTIC
SYSTEMS IN DOBROGEA-LITORAL BASINS
Geta Risnoveanu1, Marinela Moldoveanu2, Gabriel Chiriac3
1
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department of Systemic
Ecology and Sustainability, Spl. Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest
e-mail: [email protected]
2
National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management
3
National Administration “Romanian Waters”
Successful implementation of the Water Framework Directive and
achieving its objective of good ecological status of all water bodies depend
on the set of indicators the monitoring system is currently operating, with
respect to their power to capture the change in the ecological state of
aquatic ecosystems and to assist decision makers in identifying priority
actions at different spatiotemporal scales. In this context, assessing the
current status of lotic systems and testing the effectiveness and relative
sensitivity of ecological indicators used by the monitoring system for lotic
water bodies are priorities undertaken to scientifically assist an effective
monitoring system and improve the quality of the decision making for water
bodies. Based on quantitative numerical data provided by the “Romanian
Waters” National Administration (ANAR) concerning the structure of benthic
invertebrate communities, phytobenthos, phytoplankton and the values of
physicochemical parameters in the period 2009 and 2010, the ecological
status of lotic water bodies in Dobrogea-Litoral basins was assessed. The
degree of intra- and inter-annual similarity / dissimilarity in the current state
of water bodies was statistically tested and validated and the key indicators
/ indices explaining the dissimilarity were identified. The results highlight
the importance of integrated approach in the monitoring of water bodies
and the need to refine the methods used in order to better assist managers
to assess ecological status and prioritize the pressures and stressors
acting in basins.
Keywords: monitoring indices, ecological state, lotic systems.
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- POSTERS -
III-P-1. OPTIMIZING THE DETERMINATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE
PESTICIDES USING SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION
Luminita Barbu, Emilia Teaca
SC APA NOVA SA
Introduction
In this paper we studied operating parameters to determine the optimal
conditions for separation and concentration of organochlorine pesticides in
aqueous samples using solid phase microextraction. These parameters are
tested: type of fiber, extraction mode, incubation time and temperature,
stirring speed, extraction time, desorption time, bake out time and
temperature, vial penetration.
Principle SPME
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was developed to address to need to
facilitate rapid sample preparation in the laboratory. In the technique, a
small amount of extracting phase that is dispersed on a solid support (fiber)
is exposed to the sample for a well-defined period of time. In one approach,
a partitioning equilibrium between sample matrix and the extraction phase
is reached. In this case, convection conditions do not affect the amount
extracted. In a second approach that uses short time pre-equilibrium
extraction, if convection or agitation or both are constant, then the amount
of analyte extracted is related to time. Quantitation can then be performed
based on time accumulation of analyte in the coating. SPME is considered
to be complete when the analyte concentration has reached distribution
equilibrium between the sample matrix and the fiber coating. In practice,
this means that once equilibrium has been reached, the extracted amount
is constant within the limits of experimental error and it is independent of
further increases of extraction time.
The distribution coefficient Kfs of the analyte between the fiber coating and
sample matrix is defined as:
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(1)
The equilibrium conditions can be described by equation (2), according to
the law of mass conservation :
(2)
We can combine and rearrange equations (1) and (2) and finally, the
number of moles of analyte n extracted by the coating can be calculated
from equation (3):
(3)
Equation (3) indicates that the amount of analyte extracted onto the coating
(n) is linearly proportional to the analyte concentration in the sample (C0),
which is the analytical basis for quantification using SPME.
Operating parameters
For improving the kinetics of the mass transfer between sample and fiber
we explored these issues:
 In order to achieve maximum efficiency of extraction of the
pesticides from the spiked aqueous solution, three different fibers,
PDMS 100 µm, PDMS 65 µm, PDMS 30 µm were initially
evaluated in this study
 Fiber SPME can be performed in two basic modes: direct
immersion and head space. In direct extraction, the fiber coating is
dipped into the aqueous sample and allows analytes to partition
between the coating and the matrix. In headspace extraction, the
fiber is placed in the headspace above the aqueous matrix during
extraction. Depending on the volatility of compounds is chosen
way of work
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
The effect of incubation temperature was investigated by varying in
the range of 50-90 °C and time in the range 1 – 15 minutes.
 The extraction time was evaluated from 3 to 30 minutes
 The desorption time was evaluated from 1 to 8 minutes
 The bake out time was investigated by varying in the range of 5 –
20 minutes and temperature in the range 200 – 250oC.
 Stirring speed was tested in range 250 – 350 rpm
Studies are accompanied by figures and graphical representations of the
concentration depending on the parameter analysed.
All experiments were carried out in the spiked aqueous solutions (deionized
water enriched with CRM which contains organchlorine pesticides mix in
acetone) using an GC/MS Agilent – MPS Gerstel with automated device
SPME.
SPME advantages
SPME integrates sampling, extraction, concentration and sample
introduction into a single solvent-free step. Analytes in the sample are
directly extracted and concentrated to the extraction fibre. The method
saves preparation time and disposal costs and can improve detection
limits. The additional advantages are that SPME requires small sample
volume. It has been routinely used in combination with gas chromatography
(GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and successfully applied to a
wide variety of compounds, especially for the extraction of volatile and
semi-volatile organic compounds from environmental, biological and food
samples.
Bibliography
1. Gyorgy Vas, Karoly Vekey J. Mass Spectrom. 2004; 39: 233–254
2. Amalia Mitelut, Alina Culetu, Mona Popa, Petru Niculita – Romanian
Biotechnological Letters 2011, Vol. 16, No.6, Supplement
3. Ali Sarafraz-Yazdi, Amirhassan Amiri – Trends in Analytical Chemistry,
2010, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1
4. Rada Djurovic, Mirjana Markovic – J Serb Chem Soc 2007, 72(8-9),
879-887
5. Frank Michel, Klaus Buckendahl – Basics in Solid Phase Micro
Extraction (SPME) and Applications in Food and Environmental
Analysis Euroanalysis 2011, Belgrade Lunch Symposium 13.09.2011
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6. Eddy Y . Zeng, James A . Noblet – Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36,
3385-3392
7. Marco Pacenti,Stefano Dugheri,Pietro Traldi, Filippo Degli Esposti,
Nicola Perchiazzi, Elena Franchi, Massimo Calamante, Ireneo Kikic,
Paolo Alessi, Alice Bonacchi, Edoardo Salvadori, Giulio Arcangeli,
Vincenzo Cupelli – Journal of Automated Methods and Management in
Chemistry Volume 2010, Article ID 972926, 13 pages
doi:10.1155/2010/972926
8. Heather Lord, Janusz Pawliszyn – Journal of Chromatography A, 2000,
885, 153–193
9. Sunanta Wangkarn , Wisitsak Wutiadirek – Mj. Int. J. Sci. Tech. 2007,
01(2), 145-156
10. Lingshuang Cai, Jun Xing, Li Dong, Caiying Wu – Journal of
Chromatography A, 2003, 1015 , 11–21
11. Vicente Andreu, Yolanda Pic – Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2004,.
Vol. 23, 10–11
12. Janusz Pawliszyn – Journal of Chromatographic Science 2000, Vol. 38,
July
III-P-2. LEAD DETERMINATION USING A SYSTEM BASED ON THE
REDUCTION OF NON-FLUORESCENT RESAZURIN TO
FLUORESCENT RESORUFIN
A. Chivulescu1, E. Ocnaru1,2, G. Vasilescu1, M. L. Jecu1, M. Badea-Doni1
1
National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry &
Petrochemistry, 202 Sos. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania,
[email protected], [email protected], tel/fax: +40213163063
2
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical
Chemistry, 90-92 Panduri Avenue, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
The purpose of this paper is to design and implement a flow injection
assembly for the kinetic fluorescence determination of lead. The proposed
method studies the influence of lead on the resazurin - sodium sulphide
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reaction in alkaline environment. Fluorescence measurements were
performed at 590 nm.
The lead sample is injected in a bi-distilled water carrier flow and mixes a
sodium hydroxide flow. The resulting flow then mixes a sodium sulphide resazurin flow. The reaction takes place in a reaction loop. Parameters
such as resazurin, NaOH and Na 2S concentrations, injected volume of
lead, flow rates and length of the reaction loop were studied and optimised.
The method is simple, sensitive, fast, automatic and not very expensive.
III-P-3. CHEMILUMINESCENT REACTIONS FOR MONITORIZATION OF
POTENTIAL TOXIC COMPOUNDS IN WATERS
A. I. Chivulescu1, E. Ocnaru1,2, M. C. Cheregi2, M.-L. Arsene1,
M. Badea-Doni1
1
National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry &
Petrochemistry, 202. Sos. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania,
[email protected], tel/fax: +40-213163063
2
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical
Chemistry, 90-92 Pandury Avenue, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
Chemiluminescence (CL) reaction mechanism describing the effect of thiols
(R-SH) on luminol oxidation is still unknown, although several papers
reported the CL generated by these compounds in reaction with luminol, in
the absence of H2O2 but in the presence of a metallic catalyst in alkaline
media.
With this in mind, a flow injection analysis (FIA) system based on CL
reaction given by luminol and mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of
potassium ferricyanide as co-oxidant, in alkaline medium, was designed
and optimized for several heavy metals determination in waters.
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III-P-4 EVALUATING THE RESISTANCE
OF AQUATIC HETEROGENEOUS ECOSYSTEMS
TO CHANGES OF METAL CONTAMINANT LEVELS
O. Spinu, I. Povar
Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 3 Academiei
st., Chisinau, MD 2028, Republic of Moldova, [email protected],
Telephone: (373) 22-739781, Fax: (373) 22-739736
Any buffer system has a certain potential reserve, which controls
equilibrium and keeps one of the equilibrium parameters constant. The lack
of information about the metal buffer properties of ecosystems can be
explained by the absence of the quantitative theory that may predict their
buffer behaviour. The low buffer capacity of ecosystems, that are unable to
preserve a constant equilibrium parameter, leads to disastrous
environmental consequences. We have proved that buffering of intensive
thermodynamic variables in ecosystems significantly differ from the
classical buffering in aqueous solutions. Whereas buffering in a monophase system is controlled by homogeneous equilibria, heterogeneous
equilibria between solid (mineral) and aqueous phases, control such
thermodynamic parameters of ecosystems, as the concentration,
temperature and pressure. An essential characteristic of any buffer is its
buffering capacity “β”, which defines the change of equilibrium
concentration of mobile components, as a result of their addition to or
removal from the system. In this paper, a novel ion-molecular buffer
approach for estimating buffer capacities for natural water – mineral
equilibria has been developed. Using this approach, the buffer capacity
regard with any component of the heterogeneous system can be assessed.
A remarkable proportional relation between different capacities with respect
to ions of the compound distributed between two phases has been
established. The influence of major thermodynamic parameters, as
temperature, pH and main chemical component concentrations of natural
waters upon system buffer capacities has been investigated. It is expected
that such approach will help to predict long-term effects in natural pollutant
diminishing as a remediation option. The obtained results are indented to
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provide researchers with a compulsory tool to set reliable limits of ion
(including metal) levels in ecosystems.
III-P-5. INVESTIGATION OF MONITORING SYSTEMS
FOR WATER QUALITY OF THE DANUBE RIVER
IN THE BORDER REGION ROMANIA – BULGARIA
M. Filipova, Iv. Zheleva, P. Roussev
Ruse University “Angel Kanchev”, Ruse, 7017, Studentska St. 8, Bulgaria,
www.uni-ruse.bg
Based on official data, a comparative analysis of the process of
monitoring the Danube River in Romania and Bulgaria. The aim is to
confirm the positive practices of each country in the cross-border region
and to develop a comprehensive strategy for integrated unified crossborder monitoring of water quality of the Danube.
III-P-6. EFFECTS OF NUTRIENTS POLLUTION
– PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
M. Vasilescu, G. Tevi, F. Grigore, V. Rojanschi
Ecological University of Bucharest, 1G Vasile Milea Avenue, Bucharest,
Romania, [email protected], Telephone: (40) 21-3167932,
Fax: (40) 21-3166337
Nutrient pollution originated from agricultural or household activities, is one
of the main issues our modern world has to deal with. Due to the specific
aspects this type of pollution implies - the uncertain nature of pollution
source, the relative continuous character of the pollution process, the
complex environment system implied (soil, surface waters, and ground
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waters), these issues are difficult to manage and presume an integrated
approach and a strategic perspective. Another aspect that gives this
phenomenon a special status is the transborders pollution character.
Romania, as an EU member, has committed to accomplish the compelling
liabilities derived from European Directives. Integrating the two directives in
Romanian legislation - 2000/60/CE and 91/676/CEE – was achieved by
amending the Law 107/1996 and GD 964/2000. These obligations regard
achieving a balanced ecological and chemical state of waters, through
measures that concern important water management issues: organic
substances pollution, nutrients and hazardous substances pollution. In a
specific approach included in the process of implementing the 91/676/CEE
Directive, Romania has been initially assigned with nitrate vulnerable
areas, for 255 regions, representing 8.64% of the total surface of the
country and, respectively, 13.93% of the total agricultural surface.
Meeting the aforementioned Directives requirements imply technical,
administrative and social proceedings. These arise from the main targets
drafted in the project mainframe „Integrated Control of Nutrient Pollution”,
as follows: (i) reducing nutrients discharge in water bodies; (ii) promoting
behavioral shifts at regional level; (iii) providing support in strengthening
regulation and institutional capacity system.
Theoretically, the educational segment - formative and promoting,
objectified in the project through component 3, defined as “Strategy for
public informing and replication of project interventions”, is designed to
provide the necessary set of knowledge in the field, according to specific
particularities of a complex target group - authorities, population from the
rural environment, of different ages and occupations. The public awareness
program, as part of the „Integrated Control of Nutrient Pollution” project, is
structured in two major directions: providing of appropriate training services
for target audience sections and media coverage - promoting shows,
materials, and press appearances. By combining these instruments, the
knowledge delivered directly to the targeted audience becomes nationally
available.
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III-P-7. AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
OF CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS
Stefania Gheorghe, Irina Lucaciu, Iuliana Paun, Catalina Stoica,
Elena Stanescu, Alina Catrangiu
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest - 6, Romania,
e-mail: [email protected]
All the European norms related to chemicals risk characterization (industrial
chemicals, pharmaceuticals, detergents, pesticides and biocides) require
the aquatic risk evaluation using the sensitivity of living organisms at
different trophic levels as a measure of environmental protection.
Traditionally, Ecological Risk Assessment has been used to investigate the
effects of the release of particular chemical pollutants (toxicants) into the
receiving “environment”. Usually the aquatic risk involve literature data
collecting and laboratory testing (own experimental data) to estimate the
Predicted Exposure Concentrations of chemicals in the water (PEC
aquatic) and the Predicted No-Effect Concentration on organisms (PNEC
aquatic). If the ratio of PEC/ PNEC is < 1, no futher assessment is deemed
necessary.
In Romania the research on aquatic ecological risk of hazardous
chemicals, human farmaceuticals and detergents started in 2009 within
three national projects. In the period of 2009 – 2013, aquatic toxicity
bioassays were performed for 10 human farmaceuticals, 3 industrial
hazardous chemicals and 2 type of surfactants. Ecological effects were
characterised in terms of aquatic risk considering the national and
international data and recognised Risk Assessment methodologies adapted
at our laboratory conditions and indigenous organisms.
The most studied chemicals showed a relatively limited acute toxicity and
the final results have reveled insignificant or low risks on aquatic
organisms. These data have allowed to estimate the admisible limits of
chemicals in natural water in order to complete the national norms
concerning the surface water quality. There are still many gaps in national
chemicals risk assessment concerning the indirect risks, bioacumulation,
recalcitrants metabolites, sinergisms and lak of chemicals consumption
databeses.
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Keywords: toxicity bioassays, aquatic risk assessment, chemicals, PEC,
PNEC
III-P-8. ISOLATION OF KERATINOPHILIC FUNGI FROM SOIL
M. Calin1, 3, I. Raut1, 3, L. Jecu1, O. Dracea2, 3, G. Vasilescu1, V. Lazar3
1 The
National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and
Petrochemistry- ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021, Bucharest,
Romania; [email protected]; Telephone/fax: 004021.316.30.63
2 The National Institute of Research & Development for Microbiology and
Immunology “Cantacuzino”, 103 Independentei Spl .050096, Bucharest,
Romania;
3 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, 91-95 Independentei Spl.,
Bucharest, Romania;
Corresponding author * Luiza Jecu; E-mail: [email protected]
The soil represents an important reservoir of keratinophilic fungi. These
fungi naturally colonize keratinous materials and play a significant role in
the degradation of keratinized residues. Aim of this study was to determine
the prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in farmyards. The isolation of
keratinophilic fungi was performed using the Vanbreuseghem procedure.
Several fungal strains belonging to Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium,
Penicillium and Trichophyton genera were isolated from soil.
III-P-9. THE CONTENT OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOILS AND PLANTS
NEAR THE HIGHWAYS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Tamara Leah
"Nicolae Dimo", Institute of Pedology, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection,
Chisinau
The paper presents the results of determination of total and mobile forms of
Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb in soils and plants near the traffic routes. Research has
highlighted the influence of emissions on the accumulation degree in the
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soils (0-10 cm) and plants of Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb in south direction in the
interval of 5-15 m and 50-100 m distance from the road. Forest in the
neighborhood serves as a barrier to accumulation of microelements,
depositing them in high concentrations in the litter. Accumulation of trace
elements is more intense in vegetables cultivated near the highways, with
high concentrations in leaves (cabbage, tomatoes). The straw cereals
accumulate trace elements below the maximum allowed. It is
recommended that the distance of 100 m from the road (on both sides) to
be grown only industrial crops, excluding the growing of fruit, vegetables
and fodder plants. In these areas it is necessary to apply phytotechnical
measures, soil pH should be maintained at values above 6.2-7.0. On these
soils will be administered increased amounts of organic fertilizers. Do not
allow cattle grazing on the brink of the roadside.
III-P-10. NOVEL ASPECTS OF MICROBIAL DE GRADATION
OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) AND WOOD BLENDS
M. Calin1, I. Raut1, E. Grosu2, M. Doni1, M. L. Arsene1, G. Vasilescu1,
V. Purcar1, L. Jecu1*
1
National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and
Petrochemistry – ICECHIM, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest,
Romania; [email protected]: Telephone/fax: 004021.316.30.63
2
SC ICPE Bistrita SA, Parcului Street 7, Bistrita, Romania, Telephone:
004-021.252.52.50
Corresponding author * Luiza Jecu; E-mail: [email protected]
The accumulation of plastic waste is considered a major contributing factor
to the environmental degradation. Poly[vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is present in
various applications and the degradability of its blends could be improved
by addition of renewable raw materials. Several PVA – wood blends were
prepared and incubated with a fungal strain. The effects produced by
microorganism activity on polymeric substrates were evaluated by SEM
observations, FTIR spectra and mechanical measurements.
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III-P-11. Pb (II) REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
BY FLOTATION WITH ATYPICAL COLLECTOR
Maria Gratiela Craioveanu (Ianos)1, Irina Lucaciu2, Stefania Gheorghe2,
Carolina Constantin1, Ligia Stoica1
1 “Politehnica”
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and
Materials Science, 1-7 Polizu Street 011061, Bucharest – 1, Romania,
[email protected], Telephone: (0040) 761.344-529
2
National Research and Development Institute for industrial Ecology –
INCD ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest – 6,
Romania
Lead is present in the aqueous media from different industry. Although
currently is apply different technologies for lead removal, its toxicity to
aquatic organisms and environmental damage justify the performing
research and in order to efficientisation and optimisation and study of new
methods. Among these methods are found the group of adsorptive bubble
separation methods of which flotation is part, and effective method due to
its characteristics: high efficiency, selectivity, adaptability, opportunity to
recover obtained foam in order to processing etc. The condition for the
flotation process achievement is hydrophobicity of species that make the
separation object. In the case of hydrophilic species (Pb(II)aq)
hydrophobisation is achieved through interaction with a collector reagent. In
order to avoid further pollution is required further study of new collectors as
well as evaluating acute toxicity on aquatic organisms both the collector
and the effluent resulted from the flotation process. In this paper are
studied possibility of using caffeic acid (CA)( acid 3-(3,4—
dihidroxifenil)propenoic,C9H8O4) as collector in flotation by: testing of the
surfactants properties, hydrophobic agent function with the formation of the
Pb (II) insoluble complexes. Caffeic acid is considered atypical collector
because the chain is non linear (C>8) and has more polar groups. Using of
CA as collector reagent has considered the fact that it is present in the
plant (medicinal plants (Carissa spinarum L. Root, Ixora javanica flowers
(Bunga Soka flower), Centaurium umbellatum Gil (Tintaura), fruits,
vegetables and spices) in the products obtained from the processing in
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pharmaceutical purposes and it is extracted from the plant debris. Also
were made laboratory experiments in order to establish acute toxicity
indices of the caffeic acid and of the effluents with Pb(II) that were resulted
from the flotation process made for removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous
solutions on aquatic organisms (fish Cyprinus Carpio; Crustaceans:
Daphnia Magna; Algae: Selenastrum Capricornutum; Bacteria:
Vibriofischeri; Other bacteria gram + and gram -). The obtained results (%
R> 99.93) after removal of Pb (II) from aqueous media by flotation with
caffeic acid as collector show the decreasing Pb(II) concentration under the
legal limit, which confirms the collector quality of the CA.
III-P-12. TRANSPOSITION OF EU ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
FOR PROTECTING WATERS IN BULGARIA
Iv. Zheleva M. Filipova, P. Roussev, K. Rayanova
Ruse University, Rousse, 7017, St. Student № 8, Bulgaria,
www.uni-ruse.bg
The chronology and the extent to which Republic of Bulgaria laws
in water protection field correspond to EU legislation is presented in the
paper. The key issues and opportunities for prevention, quality control and
river waters protection from different types of contaminants are analyzed.
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SECTION IV
PRESENTATION OF COMPANIES AND/OR PRODUCTS,
APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT
IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FIELD
- oral presentations
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- ORAL PRESENTATIONS -
IV-O-1. BUREAU VERITAS SUPPORTS CLIENTS AND ENVIRONMENT
THROUGH ENMS CERTIFICATION PROMOTION
Cristi Prescornita – Sales & Marketing officer
BUREAU VERITAS ROMANIA CONTROLE INTERNATIONAL S.R.L.
Bureau Veritas helps its clients to improve their performances by offering
services and innovative solutions in order to ensure that their products,
infrastructures and processes meet standards and regulations.
A quick word on Bureau Veritas with details about geographic footprint,
worldwide organization, products portfolio - focus on “Sustainability &
Climate change Portfolio” and “Resource Management” – containing ISO
50001.
Everything or almost about Energy Management Systems:

Introduction on ISO 50001 - genesis of the standard:
-
weight of energy savings versus other technologies;
-
what is the interest of the companies related to energy
management systems => competitive advantages and significant
savings;
-
why would organizations invest in energy management - Dow
Chemical case study;
-
the meaning of energy management systems - the comprehensive
and systemic approaches of management systems to unlock
energy savings;
-
origin and development of energy management systems
DS 2403:2001 => EN 16001 => ISO 50001;
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
Focus on some key requirements of ISO 50001: energy policy; review
and baseline of energy consumption; relationships between energy
consumption and relevant variables; periodic forecast of energy
consumption; energy consumption influence in design and
procurement; energy management review.

Some benefits of operating an energy management system according
to ISO 50001: objective and exhaustive vision of energy uses and
consumption; understanding the energy consumption and other
impacting variables; projection of future consumption and list of savings
opportunities - future improvements = future investments?;
hierarchy of energy uses and consumption; establish a consumption
baseline; continuous improvement and savings; awareness and
motivational lever for staff, customers, suppliers, collaborators;
reporting tool for stakeholders and proof of commitment for
sustainability; evolution of necessary investments related to course of
cost savings.

Applicable businesses - Choice Hotels case study;

How to start ISO 50001 (implementation lead time will depend on
organization’s maturity, processes complexity, means and internal
competence in Energy).

Some references of Bureau Veritas for energy management training
and certification.

First globally Energy Management System certification - Reliance
Infrastructure Ltd - Dahanu Thermal Power Station – India – issued by
Bureau Veritas 31st January 2011.
With the hope that I’ve sparked at least curiosity if not even interest
I’m just waiting to meet you!
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IV-O-2. S.C. DFR SYSTEMS S.R.L.
DFR company is operating since 1996 and has as main activity the
production and commercialization of the equipments for water treatment
and purification. DFR Systems has continuously developing the range of
products offered to the clients. DFR has been producing equipments for
water disinfection with UV for domestic/industrial use and compact
wastewater treatment plants since January 2005.
With the help of suppliers and employees, DFR Systems offers a
range of equipment including: compact wastewater treatment plants, water
systems with ultraviolet disinfection, grills and screening systems; pumps
for clean or industrial waste; pneumatic obturators for intervention;
chlorination water systems; modular water tanks. Also, DFR SYSTEMS
provides consultancy and training, technical expertise, technical assistance
and designing services to the water treatment marketplace and vacuum
drainage. DFR Systems is a certified body in accordance with ISO
9001:2008, 14001:2005 and 18001:2008.
The list of clients is already very large, including the majority of
Romanian local water authorities and famous companies in all fields of
work (hotel, business/construction, food, alcoholic, beverages and soft
drinks, industrial).
The Compact wastewater treatment plants (named Compact WW)
developed by DFR Systems are realised via a new and innovative concept
(incorporating the MBBR process concept). In order to protect this newly
equipment, DFR Systems has a patent. During several yeas of R&D, DFR
Systems has developed theoretical and experimental researches for
realization of the Compact WW range. Also, SC DFR Systems SRL has 2
patent requests for a flotation installation and 2 registred marks (Compact
WW and MyUV).
DFR Systems is collaborating with a number of other contractors in
various development projects. DFR has a dynamic R&D team and it is
always interested in developing new products and services for it’s clients.
DFR Systems has been participating in research projects since 2007. DFR
contracted four projects in the last years, three of which DFR is the Lead
Partner.
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IV-O-3. NOVAINTERMED S.R.L.
Novaintermed was established in 1994 to supply with the medical
equipment the health care sector which was poorly endowed.
During time will developed and improved our product ranges and solutions
on additional fields like control quality in different kinds of industries,
environment, veterinary.
Its major areas of expertise are:
-
Consultancy and implementation of Turn- Key Projects
-
Distribution of industrial and clinical laboratory equipment and
reagents and of hospital equipment
-
Technical service for industrial and clinical laboratory and for
hospital equipment
A professional team of doctors, biochemists and engineers carry the
activity.
Novaintermed is an ISO certified company by the reputable German TUV
Turingen Certifying Body.
It is ISO 9001; ISO 14001; ISO 18001 and ISO 28000 certified.
Briefing of Turn –Key Projects Romania and abroad between 500.000
EUR and 5.000.000 EUR
2005 - Harmonization of the energy efficiency Acquis –supply Romania
2005 - Supply of equipment for Central Laboratory for Phytosanitary
Quarantine Equipment (ICB02) Final beneficiary was the Central
Laboratory for Phytosanitary Quarantine Bucharest Romania
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2007 - ICB1 - Medical Equipment for Emergency Room of ICU
2009 - Supply of specialized equipment for endowment of 150 school
laboratories and workshops, Lot 1 and Lot 9
2010 - Supply of equipment for support to NCU/PCA and twinning
activities in Azerbaijan
2010 - Equipment for paraclinical Pediatric Respiratory Medicine in the
Field / CCMRP Lot 2 - line of analysis and cultivation of stem cells
for County Hospital Sibiu, Romania
2011 - Establishment of Mobile Laboratories for Pathogens up to Risk
Group 4 in combination with CBRN Capacity Building in subSaharan Africa.
2011 - Supply of laboratory equipments for National Veterinary Institute, in
Zagreb, Croatia.
2011 - Supply of field equipment for National Natural Reservations for the
Ministry of Environment, Romania.
2011 - Supply of rabies vaccines and equipment for surveillance of animal
diseases to The Veterinary Institute of Serbia, EU 09SER01/07/11.
2012 - Supply of laboratory equipments for water analysis to the
Water&Sewer Institution from Galati, Romania.
2012 - Supply of laboratory equipments for precious metal testing for the
Laboratory of precious metal testing from the Authority of
Consumer Protection, Bucharest, Romania.
2012 - Supply of semi-automatic ELISA systems to the Institute of
Transfusional Hematology from Bucharest, Romania.
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IV-O-4. NITECH S.R.L.
Nitech – your partner in laboratory field
Nitech is one of the top Romanian suppliers of high-technology instruments
for general laboratory, diagnostic and research purposes.
Company profile
Nitech was founded in 2001 in Bucharest. Using our many years of
experience and collaboration with our suppliers as well as our customers,
we have designed a custom made support to suit all requirements and
budget.
Nitech supplies laboratory equipment including necessary services for
commissioning, installation, putting into operation, training, sales and after
sales service for numerous applications in production, research and
development.
We are acting on public and private market sectors in the following
industries:
-
Life Sciences – Environmental (Water & Air monitoring)
-
Agriculture (Food, Feed & Dairy, Oenology) – Plant Pathology
-
Pharmaceutical – Medicine – Bioscience – Research and
Education
-
Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry – Mining – General
Laboratory Needs
Nitech provides: 100% coverage of Romanian territory, 24/24 h sales and
technical assistance, maintenance and service facilities, warehouse,
conference hall.
Our Product Managers and Service Engineers have been trained in
Romania and abroad (Europe, USA) in order to provide specialized
technical support, product selection and training to all our customers.
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Nitech offers to all its customers the most competitive price/quality ratio and
guarantees and certifies that all offered services comply with
ISO 9001:2008, OHSAS 18001:2007, ISO 28001:2007, ISO 14001:2005
and ISO 13485:2004 standards.
Equipment for water and environment quality control laboratory:
 air quality monitoring
 gas liquid chromatography
 liquid chromatography
 accelerated solvent extraction system
 solid phase extraction systems
 nitrogen analysis by Dumas method
 mass spectrometric measurement of isotope relations (IRMS) of
stable isotopes 15N, 13C, 34S, 18O or 2H in connection with
elemental analysis
 purifying systems
 MS gas analyzer
 noise maps evaluation
 determination of temperature/humidity/light intensity
 meteorological stations
 microbiological water determination
 heavy metal analysis
 chemical oxygen demand of microorganism
 molecular absorption and atomic absorption spectroscopy
 microwave digestion systems
 TOC analysis
NITECH S.R.L.
B-dul Bucurestii Noi Nr. 212A, Sector 1, Bucharest, Romania
Phone: + 40 (0)21- 668 68 19
Fax no.: + 40 (0)21- 668 69 30
Subsidiaries: Timisoara, Cluj-Napoca, Iasi
[email protected]
www.nitech.ro
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AUTHORS INDEX
Crt.
no.
0
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
SURNAME AND FIRSTNAME
1
PAG.
2
Alban Doina
Alexie Mihaela
Anghel Ana
Arama Madalina
Arsene M. L.
Aubel T.
Badea-Doni M.
Badescu Valeriu
Badilita V.
Bais A.
Balasescu Ligia-Carmena
Banciu Gheorghe
Barbu Luminita
Barbu Mona
Batrinescu Gheorghe
Bazu Marius
Begy Robert
Birsan Elena
Bratu Mihai
Bucur Elena
Bulat Ludmila
Bumbac Costel
Calin M.
Calinescu Simona
Carstea Alina
Catrangiu Alina
Cheregi M. C.
Chifiriuc Carmen
Chiriac Gabriel
Chivulescu A. I.
102
55, 81
93, 106, 107
93, 106
140, 146
47
139, 140, 146
35, 67, 81
83, 84, 85
25
66
71
136
119, 128, 131
93, 99, 100, 101, 106, 125
121
71
93
128, 132
119, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132
56
33, 34, 35, 58, 67, 82
145, 146
93
36
112, 122, 123, 144
140
123
135
139, 140
159
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
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0
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
1
2
Cisnovschi Georgiana
Coara George
Constantin Carolina
Constantin Lucian
Cook M.
Cosma Constantin
Cosma Cristiana
Craioveanu (Ianos) Maria Gratiela
Crimi Michelle
Crisan Maria
Criste Ionel Virgil
Cristea Ionut
Cuciureanu Adriana
Cucos (Dinu) Alexandra
Cucu Orlando
Damian Nicoleta
Danciulescu Valeriu
Danubianu Mirela
Demetrovici Laurentiu
Dina Madeleine
Dinu Cristina
Dinu Laurentiu
Dragut D. V.
Duca Gh.
Dugan Pamela J.
Dumitrache Ramona
Dumitrescu Ovidiu
Dumitru Oana
Enache Lenuta Jana
Evans Pat
Fazakas J.
Filipova M.
Florescu Sorin Ion
Gaidau C.
Gál K.
160
125
86
147
70, 102, 104
47
68, 71
55, 67, 81
147
64
79
92, 93, 106, 107
53, 55, 79, 81, 118
100, 101
68, 71
46
112
119, 131, 132
102
46
105
96, 112, 124
55, 82, 118
83, 85
50
64
98, 101
132
68
83, 84, 85
64
98
142, 148
67
54
98
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
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0
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
1
2
Galateanu Lucian
Galysh Vita
Gheorghe Stefania
Ghilvacs Madalina Irina
Ghita M.
Godeanu Elena
Gonta A.
Gonta M.
Gradinaru Andreea Ioana
Grigore Florian
Grosu E.
Gurau Dana
Guta Doina
Iambartev V.
Iancu Vasile Ion
Ihos Monica
Ilian Virgil Emil
Ilian Virgil Liviu Mircea
Ionescu Ioana Alexandra
Iordache Mihaela
Janneck E.
Jecu M. L.
Kartel Mykola
Kim Lidia
Kluson Petr
Kosinova Eliska
Kozubek Petr
Krystynik Pavel
Kukacka Jan
Lantzsch J.
Laslu Elena
Lazar V.
Leah Tamara
Lehr Carol
Lhotsky Ondrej
121
41
122, 124, 144, 147
103
83, 84, 85
36
72
50
77, 84, 85
91, 142
146
86, 87
93, 100
50
52, 114, 115, 117
52
121
121
33, 34, 58
95, 96
47
139, 145, 146
41
93, 98, 99, 125
78
44
44
78
44
47
92, 107
145
145
93, 106
44
161
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
0
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
1
2
Lucaciu Irina
Lupascu Tudor
Lupu Andreea Nicoleta
Ma J.
Macovescu Gabriela
Maftuleac A.
Manea Doru Lucian
Manea Elena Elisabeta
Mara Luminita Eleonora
Martinov Dana
Marty Jean Louis
Masau Gabriela
Masin Pavel
Masu Smaranda
Matei E.
Matveevici V.
Meghea Aurelia
Mihaescu Grigore
Milyutin Vitaliy
Mocanu Catalina Raluca
Mocanu L.
Moise A. G.
Moldoveanu Marinela
Neagu Eleonora
Necsoiu Mihai Cristian
Nemecek Jan
117, 122, 123, 124, 144, 147
43, 72, 74
83
54
86, 87
74
31
30, 31
85
62
27
112
78
66, 67
76, 77
50
95
123
41
133
50
76
135
84
31
44
Nicolau Margareta
70, 81, 93, 104, 106
Nicolescu Mircea Adrian
Nicorescu Valeria
Niculae Andrei Ciprian
Niculescu Daniela
Niculescu Marcela
Niculescu Olga
Nitoi Ines
103
67
55, 116
122, 123
54, 115, 116
86, 87
53, 79
162
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
0
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
1
2
Oancea Petruta
Ocnaru E.
Olteanu D. C.
Papp Botond
Pascu L.
Patroescu Viorel
Paun Iuliana
Petre Jana
Petrescu Mihaela
Plamadeala Vasile
Popescu (Hostuc) I-C
Popescu Luisa Roxana
Postolache Carmen
Povar I.
Predica V.
Prescornita Cristi
Purcar V.
Raileanu Malina
Raschman Robert
Raut I.
Rayanova K.
Risnoveanu Geta
Robescu Dan Niculae
Robescu Lacramioara Diana
Rojanschi Vladimir
Roussev P.
Rusu Alexandru
Sacchetti Lorenzo
Sainz Carlos
Scurtu Mihaela
Serafeimidou O.
Simion Demetra
Simion M.
Soare Victoria
Spinu O.
53, 79
139, 140
83
68, 71
54
81, 82
117, 122, 124, 144
52, 114, 115, 116, 117, 124
119, 127, 130
56
48
95, 96
35
141
77
151
146
79
44
145, 146
148
135
26, 31
133
91, 142
142, 148
56
64
68, 71
46
25
54, 86, 87
54
84
141
163
INCD ECOIND – INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM – SIMI 2013
“THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INDUSTRY”
0
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
1
2
Stanescu Bogdan
Stanescu Elena
Stefanescu Mihai
Stoica Catalina
Stoica Ligia
Stoicescu Andrei
Stoiciu F.
Strimbeanu Nicolae
Suciu Liviu
Svab Marek
Talpos Emilia
Teaca Emilia
Teodorescu Cristian
Tevi G.
Timbaliuc N.
Tomus N.
Tricolici Olga
Tulbure I.
Udubasa S. S.
Ungureanu Eleonora Mihaela
Varsescu Dragos
Vasile Andrei
Vasile Gabriela-Geanina
Vasile Ovidiu
Vasilescu G.
Vasilescu M.
Veca Monica
Vosniakos F.
Widmaier A.
Wimmerova Lenka
Xu Q.
Zanbak Caner
Zebrak Radim
Zheleva Iv.
Zidkova Ljuba
93, 98, 99, 101, 125
122, 124, 144
67
122, 123, 124, 144
48, 147
29
83, 84, 85
46
68, 71
44
59
136
70, 102, 104
142
72, 74
48
33, 34, 35
111
83
96
121
127, 130, 131
112, 115
132
139, 145, 146
142
121
25
47
44
54
26
78
142, 148
44
164