Nye brannkrav til kabler i Europa
-
Byggevareforordningen - CPR/Construction Products Regulation
Gjeldende og kommende brannkrav til faste
kabelinstallasjoner i bygninger og byggverk på land
Elsikkerhetskonferansen 2015 – Nye brannkrav til kabler i Europa under CPR
26.11.2015
Europacble-Norge TF-CPR
NEK NK20
Ivar Granheim, Nexans Norway AS
1
Cables – Fire requirements
 Dagens situasjon:
– Mange nasjonale test metoder
• I hovedsak basert på IEC 60332-1-2/flame spread /flammehemmet and IEC 603323/fire spread/brannspredning
• IEC 60331-serien for fire resistance/funksjonsdyktig/brannsikker/brannmotstand
– De fleste land har et minimumskrav til flammehemming
• Norge: IEC 60332-1-2/NEK400 og max 50 MJ/m kabelinstallasjon i rømningsveier/TEKGuidance
2
Branneffekter fra kabler

Bidrar til brannspredning

Bidrar til røykutvikling

Bidrar med irriterende og korrosive gasser

Bidrar med brennende dråper
–

Alt i varierende grad avhengig av kabeltype / materialvalg og mengde
Brann i kabler kan medføre at livsviktig utstyr slutter å virke
3
Kommende krav og testmetoder

Produktets bidrag til brannspredning / brannbelastning
–
Ny test basert på IEC 60332-3/A,B,C,D (EN 50266), som anbefales i noen bygg i dag/NEK400
–
Ny testmetode = EN 50399 (strengere mhp. kabelmontasje ved avstand mellom kablene og
høyere luftgjennomstrøming, fra: 5000 l/min, til: 8000 l/min.
Modifisert til å måle varme- og røykutvikling i tillegg til brannspredning
Observasjon av brennende dråper
Dagens test = EN 60332-1-2 = CPR Brannklasse Eca
4
Brannklassekravene til kabler iht.
NS-EN 13501-6:2014
Gjeldende fra 01.12.2015
01.07.2016
5
Brannklassekravene til kabler iht.
NS-EN 13501-6:2014
Gjeldende fra 01.12.2015
01.07.2016
6
Standards for Reaction to Fire are
completed
Standard
Completion date
EN 50575 Product (umbrella) standard
Published September 2014, publicated
in OJEU 10.07.2015
EN 13501-6 Classification Rules (CEN
TC127)
Available
EN 50399 CPD Fire test method
Available, some refinements
introduced*
CLC TS 50576 Extended Application rules
(for power cables only**)
Published September 2014
EN ISO 1716 (heat of combustion test)
Available
EN 60332-1-2 (bunsen burner test)
Available
EN 61034-2 (smoke density test)
Available
EN/IEC 60754-2 (acidity)
Available
* Improvements for incorporation in EN 50399 amendment have been introduced:
- Testing of flat cables
- Procedure for testing on bundles of small cables
** EXAP rules for data/optical cables are now decided for Optical cables, for copper data cables are under active
development
7
Performance classification, test methods and AVCP
systems for Reaction to Fire
Euroclass
(ca)
Classification
criteria
A
EN ISO 1716
Gross heat of
combustion
B1
B2
C
EN 50399
Heat release
Flame spread
EN 60332-1-2
Flame propagation
D
E
EN 60332-1-2
Flame propagation
Additional
criteria
Assessment and
Verification of Constancy of
Performance system
1+
Smoke production
(s1, s1a, s1b, s2, s3)
EN 50399/EN 61034-2
Acidity
(a1, a2, a3)
EN 60754-2
Flaming droplets
(d0, d1, d2)
EN 50399
initial type-testing and factory
inspection and continuous
surveillance of factory production
control (FPC) with audit testing of
samples by 3rd party notified
product certification body
3
initial type-testing by 3rd party
notified testing laboratory
FPC by manufacturer
4
F
initial type-testing and FPC by
manufacturer
8
Cable supply under the CPR
New obligations for regulators:
• To determine whether to regulate for cables fire performance at national level.
•
It may be focus on other products for the safety level, but it does not matter for the producer, whom has to CE-mark
and make all obligations stated.
•
A National minimum requirement will give less confusion in the market.
•
To determine what class of performance is applicable for a given application
•
To use the common “Euroclass” performance in any new applicable national regulation
•
To determine the equivalence of the new classes to existing national classes (Sintef NBL
A13111 report)
•
To “translate” existing regulatory requirements into new requirements based on the
“Euroclass” performance within the transition/co-existence period
•
Obligations also apply for certain “de facto” regulators (monopoly operators)
9
Sintef report NBL A13111
10
Example from Sweden
11
Example from Sweden
Deviations
12
What consequences to expect from CPR implementation?
Manufacturers and importers
Obligatory CE-marking for all cables for fixed installation in construction, including:
Declaration of Performance (DoP/Ytelseserkæring) i landets språk, oppdatert iht. produktversjon
Marking/Labelling
New obligatory 3rd party certification with continued factory inspections/FPC (ISO 9000, 14000) and
product testing for products with higher fire performance;. i.e. Cca, B2ca
As above for FPC and initial, witnessed Type testing for all Fire classes including Fire class Dca
and Eca, when major changes affect the properties of the cable.
Changes in product portfolio
 Products complying with new fire tests, EN 50399
13
Merking av produktene
14
Attestasjonsnivåer
Gir grunnlag for Ytelses-erklæring (DoP)
System
Task for manufacturer
Task for notified body
4
Initial type testing of product
Factory production control
3
Factory production control
Initial type of testing of product
2
Initial type of testing of product
Factory production control
Certification of factory production control on basis of initial inspection
2+
Initial type testing of product
Factory production control
Testing of samples according prescribed test plan
Certification of factory production control on basis of
initial inspection
continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of production control
1
factory production control
Further testing of samples according prescribed test plan
Certification of product conformity on basis of tasks of the notified body and
the tasks assigned to the manufacturer
Tasks for notified body:
initial type-testing of the product;
initial inspection of factory and of factory production control;
continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of factory production
control;
1+
Factory production control
Further testing of samples according prescribed test plan
Certification of product conformity on basis of tasks of the notified body and
the tasks assigned to the manufacturer
Tasks for notified body:
initial type-testing of the product;
initial inspection of factory and of factory production control;
continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of factory production
control (once a year)
audit-testing of samples taken at the factory, on the market orrdon the
construction site (one sample from each family every 3 year)
15
Cable supply under the CPR
Informasjonsbehov
New obligations for users:
•
To be aware of the new “Euroclass” performance
•
To be aware of the availability of the DoP as a source of information on
product performance
•
To be aware of any applicable regulatory requirements
•
To choose products most suitable for their intended use in construction
works in both “regulated” and “non-regulated” applications
•
Users may need to have a broad understanding of the relationship between
the new common “classes” performance and that expressed through
existing EU and International standards
•
No changes to installation practice should be required due to CPR
16
Examples of Norwegian cable standards involved
NEK 591
NEK 535
NEK 536
CENELEC HD 604-5D
CENELEC HD 603-3J, 5J, 5K, 5M
CENELEC HD 627-4B1/4B2, 7B1/7B2
Cenelec HD 620, 632
And
EN 60364/NEK 400 – Installation Standard
17
Nye brannkrav til kabler i bygninger i Europa
 Branntestene og “språket” blir det samme
 Brann- og sikkerhetskravene forblir forskjellige i forskjellige land

Strengere krav kan fortsatt bli aktuelt i bygg/deler av bygg (feks. Brannklasse Dca)
– hvor det er:
• Mange mennesker
• Vanskelig å evakuere
 Kravsamordning mellom Nordiske land diskuteres
18
Technical requirements
for cables

Electrical properties

Mechanical properties
– Ageing properties

Fire properties

Environmental properties (EF/EMF, chemicals/REACH, RoHS, etc.)

Handling properties
– Due to high risk in fire situations and dangerous
contact/current
19
Difference in amount of smoke between a
standard (Eca-s3d2a3)- and a Low fire hazard
cable (Dca-s2d2a2)
20