1. science
2. biology

Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Wed, March 26th: Correct 10.3 WS/ 10.4-10.5
notes*/ 10.4-10.5 SG*
Sec. 10.4 KEY CONCEPT
Evidence of common ancestry among species comes
from many sources.
 Evidence for evolution in Darwin’s time came from
several sources.
•
•
•
_________ provide evidence of ____________.
Fossils in ________ layers are more ____________
than those in the upper layers.
The study of _____________ provides evidence of
evolution.
–
–
•
•
populations can show __________ from one
island to another
____________ provides evidence of evolution.
–
–
__________ larvae, _____________ adult body
forms
________ embryos, _________ organisms
The study of ___________ provides evidence of
evolution.
–
–
•
_________ species most closely resemble
nearest ____________ species
_______________ structures are similar in
structure but different in function.
Homologous structures are evidence of a
________ ____________.
The study of anatomy provides evidence of evolution.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
1
Principles of Evolution
Section 4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
–
–
_____________ structures have a similar
function.
Analogous structures are _____ evidence of a
common ancestor.
Sec. 10.5 KEY CONCEPT
New technology is furthering our understanding of
evolution.
 Fossils provide a record of evolution.
•
•
______________ is the study of fossils or extinct
organisms.
Paleontology provides __________ to support
____________.
 Molecular and genetic evidence support fossil and
anatomical evidence.
•
•
•
______________ are sequences providing evidence
of evolution.
–
–
–
___ longer _____________
carried along with ____________ _____
can be clues to a __________ ___________
_____ _______ indicate a very distant common
ancestor.
–
–
control the ______________ of specific structures
found in many organisms
_________ comparisons, or _____________
fingerprinting reveals similarities among cell types of
different organisms.
 Evolution unites all fields of biology.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
2
Principles of Evolution
Section 4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
•
•
Scientists from many fields ____________ to the
understanding of evolution.
The _______ ____________ of evolution are used in
many scientific fields.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
3
Principles of Evolution
Section 4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Section 10.4: Evidence of Evolution
Study Guide
KEY CONCEPT
Evidence of common ancestry among species comes from many sources.
VOCABULARY
biogeography
analogous structure
homologous structure
vestigial structure
MAIN IDEA: Evidence for evolution in Darwin’s time came from several sources.
anatomy
embryology
fossils
geography
In the diagram below, fill in the type of evidence below the examples.
1. Traces of ancient animals are
found in rock layers.
______________________
2. Species in one area may match
species in another area that is
separate but still nearby.
______________________
Evidence for evolution
in Darwin’s time came
from several sources.
3. Two different species may have
larvae that are very similar.
______________________
4. The body parts of different
species may have
homologous structures.
______________________
MAIN IDEA: Structural patterns are clues to the history of a species.
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence or answers
the question.
5. Pelvic bones in snakes are an example of a(n)
a. homologous structure.
b. analogous structure.
c. vestigial structure.
d. fossil.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
4
Principles of Evolution
Section 4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Study Guide A continued
6. What conclusion can you draw from the fact that many modern whale species
have vestigial pelvic and leg bones?
a. The ancestors of whales may have been land mammals.
b. Whales could walk if they wanted to.
c. Whales are preparing to evolve into land mammals.
d. Some day whales will be able to walk and will have legs.
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the correct phrase from the box.
analogous structure
homologous structure
vestigial structure
_______________
7. Feature that is similar in structure in different organisms
but has different functions
_______________
8. Feature that performs a similar function in different
organisms but is not similar in origin
_______________
9. Feature that is not evidence of a common ancestor
_______________ 10. Remnant of an organ or structure that had a function in an
early ancestor
_______________ 11. Examples include the wing of a bat and the hand
of a human
_______________ 12. Examples include the wing of a bird and the wing of an
insect
_______________ 13. Examples include the wing of an ostrich and the appendix
of a human
Sketch it Out
Use Figure 4.4 to sketch a skeleton of a human hand next to the whale fin skeleton
shown below. Draw lines to match the groups of bones that are homologous for
these two structures.
A
B
C
D
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
5
Principles of Evolution
Section 4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Section 10.5: Evolutionary Biology Today
Study Guide
KEY CONCEPT
New technology is furthering our understanding of evolution.
VOCABULARY
paleontology
MAIN IDEA: Fossils provide a record of evolution.
Choose the best answer for the question.
1. What is the study of fossils and extinct organisms called?
a. paleontology
b. geology
c. biology
d. archeology
2. What is a “missing link” in the fossil record?
a. a fossil that contradicts the theory of evolution
b. a transitional fossil that shows how two species are connected
c. a fossil that is physically impossible and cannot exist
d. a fossil that shows a vestigial structure
3. Why are transitional fossils important?
a. They show that even very ancient fossils can be found in old seabeds.
b. They show that artificial selection was being practiced even in
ancient times.
c. They show that there are links between ancient and modern species.
d. They show that the fossil record is constantly growing and being updated.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
6
Principles of Evolution
Section 4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Study Guide A continued
MAIN IDEA: Molecular and genetic evidence support fossil and anatomical evidence.
Match each concept with its contribution to evolutionary theory.
DNA sequence analysis
protein comparisons
homeobox genes
pseudogenes
Molecular Evidence
Contribution to Evolutionary Theory
4.
The more related two organisms are, the more
similar their DNA will be.
5.
Vestigial genetic structures that are carried along
with functional DNA
6.
Sequences of genes that control the development of
specific structures
7.
The basis of molecular fingerprinting, which
compares proteins among cell types
MAIN IDEA: Evolution unites all fields of biology.
Choose whether the statement is true or false.
8. true / false Scientists are still actively studying evolution through
natural selection.
9. true / false Genetic evidence shows that whales never had ancestors
living on land.
10. true / false The principles of evolution also affect the fields of medicine, geology,
geography, chemistry, and ecology.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
7
Principles of Evolution
Section 4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Study Guide A continued
Vocabulary Check
Choose whether the statement is true or false.
11. true / false Paleontologists can never find out anything new.
12. true / false The study of fossils can help us to understand how
evolution occurs.
Sketch it Out
Look at the fossil evidence of whale evolution shown in Figure 5.3 in this section or your
textbook. Sketch one part of the skeletons (such as the skull, forelimbs, hindlimbs, or
ribcages) of each of th of the whale ancestors.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
8
Principles of Evolution
Section 4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Study Guide A
9
Principles of Evolution
Section 4: Evidence of Evolution