Cereal Variety Disease Guide 2015

FACT SHEET
Cereal Variety Disease Guide 2015
By Hugh Wallwork, Principal Cereal Pathologist and Pamela Zwer, Oat Breeder
Summary of 2014 season and
implications for 2015
Some early sown crops and a wet winter encouraged
the development of many diseases in cereal crops in
SA in 2014. Damage to many crops was reduced by the
effective use of fungicides and a dry spring that reduced
later infection of foliar diseases. The same conditions will
have favoured build up crown rot and take-all inoculum
for 2015.
Leaf rust and stem rust in wheat are re-emerging as
high risk diseases with a new virulent strain of leaf rust
detected and an increasing list of long season varieties
susceptible to stem rust being released.
Leaf rust in wheat
A new strain of wheat leaf rust was identified across
South Australia and into Southern Victoria in 2014.
It is most likely that the strain was present in the past
couple of years but went undetected being at a very low
level. The effective use of fungicides to control stripe
rust in Mace would have helped to control the leaf rust.
Several varieties have proven to be more susceptible
to this new strain including Axe, Corack, Grenade CL+,
Mace, Scout, Revenue, Wallup and Wyalkatchem which
have all dropped by 2 or more rating levels. This leaves
South Australian crops much more exposed to leaf rust
damage whilst these varieties are widely grown. Growers
are therefore urged to be even more vigilant than in the
past in removing volunteer wheat, the “green bridge”,
over summer and in having an active plan for applying
fungicides should the need arise.
Stem rust
At the end of 2014 stem rust was observed in variety
trials on the Adelaide Plains and South-East. In January
it was also observed on volunteer barley on the Bellarine
Peninsula in Victoria. Whilst the levels were only low it
highlights the ability of this rust to survive and cause a
problem where susceptible varieties are grown.
Of particular concern are the many new long season
wheats that are susceptible to stem rust. Stem rust, once
established, can be hard to control with fungicides and
crops of these varieties help form a green bridge for
survival of rust through summer especially in the long
Cereal Variety Disease Guide 2015
season areas. Varieties of particular concern are Adagio,
Beaufort, Einstein, Frelon, Mansfield, Ovalo, Preston and
Scenario. Some of these varieties are very new; others
are used by only a few growers. Taken together they may
come to cover an extensive area and present a serious
risk to all growers.
Eyespot
Eyespot was observed more widely than previously
with recordings from Balaklava and the Lower Yorke
Peninsula as well the expected areas of the Lower Eyre
Peninsula, Adelaide Plains, Mid-North high rainfall region
and South–East.
GRDC funded research on eyespot in SARDI is providing
some early indications of differences between varieties
although it is premature to provide formal ratings at this
stage. Early indications however suggest that Trojan and
Emu Rock have some useful resistance whereas Axe,
Cobra, Corack, Mace, Scout, Shield and Wyalkatchem
are all quite susceptible.
Barley has been considered more resistant to eyespot
than wheat and this appears to be the case in a variety
trial at Cummins. At trials near Templars and Tarlee
however the varieties La Trobe and Hindmarsh were
quite susceptible to eyespot. Compass, and to a lesser
extent Scope, appear to be more resistant compared to
these varieties. Other DNA evidence also suggests the
eyespot on the Eyre Peninsula may differ slightly from
that in the Mid-North.
Shorter and/or stronger strawed varieties are likely to
lodge less when infected by eyespot.
Septoria tritici blotch
This disease is becoming more severe in the SouthEast of SA as cropping with cereals intensifies and
early sowing is practised. The septoria population in
the South East and in Western Victoria appears to have
different virulences to those previously observed in more
mainstream areas of SA. The varieties Mace, Phantom
and Wyalkatchem are rated SVS in the long season
South East SA and Western Victoria regions.
Information may be used with acknowledgement.
Febuary 2015
RMR
RMR
MR
R
R
RMR
MRMS
RMR
R
R
MR
MR
RMR
RMR
Stem
SVS
MS
MRMS
RMR
MR
MRMS
MS
MRMS
MR
RMR
MR^
MR
MR
MRMS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MS
RMR
MR
RMR
MRMS
MRMS
MS
S
R
MRMS
MRMS
RMR
MR^
MR^
MR
MRMS
RMR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
Rust
Stripe
RMR
RMR
RMR
MSS
MS
MRMS
MS
MRMS
MS
RMR
MRMS
MRMS
MR
RMR
MRMS
SVS
RMR
MSS
MR
R
MS
MR
MR
MRMS
S
MRMS
#
CCN
Resistance
S
S
S
MS
RMR
MR
MS
S
MR
S
MS
MR
S
MS
MR
MRMS
MS
S
MS
S
R
MRMS
MS
MR
S
MR
Yellow
leaf spot
MRMS
S
S
MRMS
MR
SVS
MRMS
MRMS
MSS
MRMS
MS
S
MSS
MSS
MSS
MRMS
MRMS
MSS
SVS
MS
SVS
MSS
MSS
MSS
MR
SVS
RMR
R
R
R
MR
R
R
R
R
RMR
MRMS
MR
RMR
MR
R
–
R
R
R
R
R
R
MSS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MR
MR
MR
MRMS
MR
MR
MR
MR
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
, = mixed reaction
^ = some susceptible plants
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RMR
MR
MR
MSS
MRMS
MRMS
MS
Powdery
mildew
MR
MS
MRMS
MRMS
SVS
MRMS
MS
S
MSS
MS
MSS
MS
RMR
MRMS
MSS
MSS
MR
MS
MRMS
MR
MS
MRMS
MSS
S
SVS
MRMS
Provisional rating change for the exotic strain of leaf rust
Leaf
MS#
S#
S#
MR
SVS#
S#
S#
S#
MRMS
MSS#
MS
S#
SVS#
MR,MS
MS
MSS#
RMR
R
MSS#
S#
MRMS#
R
MRMS#
SVS#
S#
S#
R = Resistant, MR = Moderately Resistant, MS = Moderately Susceptible, S = Susceptible, VS = Very Susceptible
Bison
Bogong
Chopper
Fusion
Goanna
Hawkeye
Jaywick
Tahara
Triticale
Aurora
Hyperno
Saintly
Tjilkuri
WID802
Yawa
Durum
Adagio
Axe
Bolac
Cobra
Corack
Correll
Cosmick
Emu Rock
Estoc
Forrest
Gladius
Grenade CLPlus
Impala
Kiora
Kord CL Plus
Mace
Manning
Orion
Phantom
Revenue
Scout
Shield
Trojan
Wallup
Wyalkatchem
Yitpi
Wheat
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
MS
MRMS
S
MSS
MS
MR
Septoria
tritici blotch
MRMS
SVS
MS
MSS
S
MSS
MSS
SVS
S
SVS
S
S
SVS
MS
MSS
MRMS
MR
MS
MS
MS
MSS
MSS
MSS
S
MRMS
MSS
R
MR
MRMS
RMR
MRMS
MR
MR
MR
MRMS
MS
MS
MRMS
MS
MRMS
VS
SVS
VS
VS
VS
VS
Crown
rot
SVS
S
S
S
S
S
S
MS
S
SVS
S
S
S
S
S
S
VS
S
MSS
S
MSS
S
MS
S
S
S
MRMS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MRMS
Common
root rot
MS
MSS
MS
MSS
MS
MS
MSS
MSS
MRMS
MS
MS
MRMS
MSS
MS
MRMS
MS
SVS
MSS
MSS
SVS
S
MRMS
MS
MS
MSS
MS
R
R
R
R
R
–
Flag
smut
MS
S
RMR
S
S
R
SVS
MS
MRMS
MR
RMR
RMR
SVS
MRMS
MR
S
R
S
MRMS
S
MR
S
SVS
SVS
SVS
MR
†
MS
MS
MS
MSS
MSS
MRMS
Black
point †
–
S
MSS
MS
S
MS
–
MS
MS
MR
MS
MS
MRMS
MS
MRMS
MRMS
–
S
MRMS
MS
SVS
MS
MRMS
MS
MRMS
MS
MR
–
MRMS
–
–
S
MSS
MSS
–
–
MSS
MSS
S
–
–
MS
MS
S
R
MSS
SVS
–
–
–
–
MS
MS
MSS
–
–
–
MS
MS
–
–
S
MS
MS
R
–
† Black point is not a disease but a response to certain humid conditions
Tolerance levels are lower for durum receivals
RMR
RMR
RMR
MR
MS
RMR
Root lesion nematodes
P. neglectus
P. thornei
MS
MS
MS
MS
MSS
MRMS
MS
MSS
S
S
MSS
S
MS
MS
MSS
S
S
S
S
SVS
MS
S
MSS
S
S
S
MS
MRMS
MSS
MS
MS
MS
MSS
S
MS
MSS
S
S
MSS
MSS
S
MS
MS
MSS
MSS
MS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MS
MSS
S
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Triticale
Durum
Durum
Durum
Durum
Durum
Durum
Quality
in SA
Red feed
AH
AH
AH
APW
AH
AH
AH
APW
APW
AH
AH
Soft
AH
AH
AH
Feed
Soft / Hay
AH
Feed
AH
AH
APW
AH
APW
AH
Leaf rust*
MR-S
MS-SVS
MR-MS
MS-S
MR-VS
MRMS-S
MS-SVS
MRMS-S
MR-S
MRMS-S
VS
MRMS-S
MR-SVS
MRMS-S
S
VS
R-MR
S-VS
MS-SVS
SVS
R-MRMS
R-MRMS
Spot form
net blotch * net blotch *
MS-SVS
MSS
MR
MS-S
VS
SVS
MS-S
MSS
MR-MRMS MRMS-MSS
MR-MS
MR
MR
MRMS
SVS
MR
MR-MSS
S
MR
S
MS
MR
MR
MSS
MRMS
SVS
R-VS
MRMS
MR
S
MR-MS
MR
MR-SVS
MSS
MR
MS
MR
MS-S
MR
MRMS
MR-MS
S
MR-S
MS-S
Net form
Scald*
MR-S
MS-S
VS
S
MS
R-S
MS
MS
MS-S
R-VS
MS-S
R-VS
MR-MSS
S
MRMS
R-MR
MS-S
MSS
MS-S
S
MR
MSS
mildew
MSS
RMR
R
MRMS
MR
MRMS
S
MRMS
R
MRMS
S
MR
S
SVS
MS
R
R
SVS
RMR
MRMS
R
MSS
Resistance
S
S
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
S
R
S
R
S
VS
S
R
–
S
Powdery
CCN
stripe rust
RMR
RMR
RMR
R
R
R
RMR
RMR
R
MR
MRMS
RMR
RMR
S
–
RMR
R
RMR
RMR
R
R
R
Barley grass
VS
MS
MS
R
R
R
MRMS
MR
MR
MS
R
MRMS
MSS
MS
MS
MSS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MSS
R
MRMS
Covered
smut
Oats
MR-S
MS-S
MR-S
R-S
MR-S
MS-S
MR-S
MS
MS
MR-S
MS-S
S
MR-S
MS-S
S
S
Rust
R
MS-S
MR
MR-MS
MS-S
MS-S
MS-S
MR-MS
S
MR-MS
MS
S
R
MS
S
MS
Leaf *
VS
R
R
MS
MS
R
VS
R
S
MR
R
R
S
R
R
R
I
MI
MT
MI
I
MT
I
MT
I
MT
MT
MT
I
T
MT
I
CCN
Resistance Tolerance
–
MS
–
S
R
S
S
R
S
R
R
MS
–
MR
MR
S
MI
I
MT
I
T
MI
I
MT
I
T
T
MI
I
MT
MT
I
Stem nematode
Resistance Tolerance
MR-S
MR-MS
MR-S
MS-S
R
MR-MS
MR
MR
S
MR
MR
S
R
MR-MS
MR-MS
MR-MS
Bacterial
blight
T = Tolerant, MT = Moderately Tolerant, MI = Moderately Intolerant, I = Intolerant, VI = Very Intolerant, – = Uncertain
Brusher
Dunnart
Forester
Glider
Kangaroo
Mitika
Mulgara
Numbat
Tammar
Tungoo
Wallaroo
Williams
Wombat
Wintaroo
Yallara
stem *
MS
MS
MS
R-MR
R
MS
S
MS
MS
R-MS
R
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
Red leather
leaf
Due to multiple strains of these pathogens, the table provides a range of reactions that may be observed. Different ratings are separated by a -
Bannister
*
R = Resistant, MR = Moderately Resistant, MS = Moderately Susceptible, S = Susceptible, VS = Very Susceptible
Bass
Buloke
Charger
Commander
Compass
Fathom
Flagship
Fleet
GrangeR
Hindmarsh
Keel
La Trobe
Macquarie
Maritime
Moby
Navigator
Oxford
Schooner
Scope
Skipper
Westminster
Wimmera
Barley
MS
MS
MR
MR-S
MR-S
MR-S
MS-S
MS
S
MS
MR-MS
MS
MR-MS
MR
MR-MS
MS
S
MS
MR-MS
MR
MR
MR-MS
S
MS
MR
MR
MR
S
MR-MS
MS
MR-MS
MS
point
MS
MS
MRMS
MSS
MS
S
MSS
MS
MS
MSS
SVS
MSS
MR
MSS
–
MSS
MR
MS
MSS
MSS
MRMS
MRMS
Black
–
MR-MS
–
–
–
–
–
–
MR
–
–
MR
–
–
MR-MS
–
P. neglectus
nematodes
MR
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MRMS
MR
MS
–
–
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
Septoria
avenae
MRMS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MR
MRMS
MR
MR
MR
MR
–
MRMS
MR
MS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
Root lesion nematodes
P.neglectus P. thornei
BYDV*
MS
MS
MS
MS
MS
MSS
MSS
MSS
S
S
S
S
MS
S
MSS
MS
MSS
S
MS
MSS
MRMS
MS
root rot
Common
Net form net blotch
Net form net blotch was largely controlled with early and
well-timed applications of fungicides. Virulence on Fleet
was widespread and no new virulences were detected in
2014 so variety ratings for 2015 remain much the same
as in 2014.
Spot form net blotch
The exceptional yield loss to SFNB observed in some
crops in northern districts of SA in 2013 was not repeated
in 2014. A GRDC funded yield loss trial at Wharminda
where SFNB was severe indicated that Hindmarsh (S)
suffered yield loss of around 13% whilst La Trobe (MSS)
which is marginally less susceptible lost 10.4%. Sloop SA
(SVS) lost around 21%.
Oats
It was a good year for oat production as there was little
in the way of disease development. The wet winter
caused some bacterial blight early in the growing season,
but it did not develop. Leaf rust was observed on very
susceptible varieties, but the warm, dry spring was not
conducive for its development.
Explanation for Resistance Classification
R
MR
MS
S
VS
The disease will not multiply or cause any damage on this variety. This rating is only used
where the variety also has seedling resistance.
The disease may be visible and multiply but no significant economic losses will occur. This rating signifies strong adult plant resistance.
The disease may cause damage but this is unlikely to be more than around 15% except in very severe situations.
The disease can be severe on this variety and losses of up to 50% can occur.
Where a disease is a problem this variety should not be grown. Losses greater than 50% are possible and the variety may create significant problems to other growers
Where a ‘-‘ is used then the rating is given as a range of
scores that may be observed depending on which strain
of the pathogen is present.
This classification based on yield loss is only a general
guide and is less applicable for the minor diseases such
as common root rot, or for the leaf diseases in lower
rainfall areas, where yield losses are rarely severe.
Other information
This fact sheet supplements other information available
including the SARDI Sowing Guide 2015 and Crop Watch
email newsletters. Cereal Leaf and Stem Diseases and
Cereal Root and Crown Diseases books (2000 editions)
are also available from Ground Cover Direct or from
Hugh Wallwork in SARDI.
Disease identification
A diagnostic service is available to farmers and industry
for diseased plant specimens.
Samples of all leaf and aerial plant parts should be kept
free of moisture and wrapped in paper not a plastic bag.
Roots should be dug up carefully, preserving as much of
the root system as possible and preferably kept damp.
Samples should be sent, not just before a weekend,
to the following address:
SARDI Diagnostics
Plant Research Centre
Hartley Grove
Urrbrae SA 5064
Further information contact:
[email protected]
Cereal Variety Disease Guide 2015
Information may be used with acknowledgement.
Febuary 2015