1. No category

YAK 576.895.132:574.4
6EK 28.083
H50
Editorial Board:
DSc, prof. E.P. Ieshko (Institute of Biology of Karelian Researchcentre RAS)
E,M Matveeva (Institute of Biology of Karelian Researchcentre RAS)
ll?
PhD A.A. sushchuk (Institute of Biology of Karelian Researchcentre RAS)
H50
NEMATODES OF NATURAL AND TRANSFORMED ECOSYSTEMS.
Collectedscientificpapers.
Petrozavodsk:Karelian ResearchCentreRAS, 201| . ll2 p.
The edition is coflected scientific papers contributed to IX International
Symposium of Russian Society of
Nematologists (27 June - I July, 2011, Petrozavodsk,Republic of Karelia, Russia).
The papers cover issuesof
fundamental and, applied nematology: ecology of populations, assessment
of species diversity, nematode
phylogenetics and taxonomy, estimation of nematod" rot" lo bioindication
of transformation or contamination
of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,actual problems of monitoring, nematodepest
managementand study on
host-parasiteinteractions.
rsBN 978_5_
9274_0468_
|
YAK 576.895.132:574.4
EEK 28.083
The symposiumhas beensupported by
RussianAcademy of Sciences,Department of Biology
RussianFundfor Basic Research(Nell-04-06054,
RussianMinistry of Education (project Jtr p I2gg)
rsBN 978-5-927
4-0468_l
@ Compositeauthors,201I
O Instituteof Biology, Karelian ResearchCentre.RAS. 2011
EFFECTSOF TOXASCAR.TS
LEONTNA(NEMATODA) TNFECTTONON ECONOMIC
FEATURES OF TIIE ARCTIC FOX
L.A., AnikanovaV.S.,GolitsynaN.B.
AnikievaL.V., TyutyunnikN.N.,Bespyatova
St.,Petrozavodsk,
I I Pushkinskaya
Instituteof Biologyof KarelianResearchCentre,RussianAcademyof Sciences,
I 859I 0, Russict,[email protected]. ru
The effects of the nematodeToxascarisleonina infection on the body weight and fir quality of the arctic
fox have been experimentallystudied.At infection dozesof 10 and 100 eggsof T. leonina per host no significant
effect of host infection doze on the body weight and pelt quality of arctic foxes was found. Arctic foxes infected
with 1000 T. leonine eggshad minimal body weight gain and lower fir quality, resultedin a lower pelt price. The
analysisof the effects of T. leonina infection on the courseof pregnancyhas shown that toxacariasiscauses5 Yoof
all abortionsin arctic foxes and 9 % (P>0.99) of casesof cannibalism.The results obtainedsuggestthat the hostparasitesystemAlopex lagopus- T. leonina has a wide range of adaptationpossibilities. L,ow intensity infection
with Z leonina doesnot have a pronouncedpathological effect on the body weight and fur quality. It is also not a
major cause of abnormal pregnancy, but aggravates it. Higher infection dose, 1000 eggs4rost affects the
establishedrelationshipand shifts the balancein host-parasiterelationsto the detriment of the host. Decreasein the
body weight negativelyaffectspelt size and quality.
SURVEYS FOR THE PINE WOOD NEMATODE BURSAPIIELENCIIUS
RUSSIA
XYLOPHILUS
IN
V.L.t, Kozyreva,N.I.2,Ryss,A. Yu.3,
U. Sh.l,Abasov,M.M.t, Ponomarev,
Arbuzova,E. N.t, Magomedov,
Kulinich.O. A.'
I All-RussianPlant
QuarantineCenter,Pog ranichnaya32,Moscowoblast,140150Russia,[email protected]
2TheCenterof Parasitologt,Instituteof EcologltandEvolutionP.1'S,
Moscow,Russia
3ZoologicalInstituteof RAS,St.Petersburg,Russia
The Pine Wood Nematode (PWIQ Bursaphelenchusxylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle is one of the
most important quarantine pests worldwide. This nematode is a major pathogen of conifers where it causes
massivewilting and death of fees. It has been estimatedthat the inffoduction and establishmentof B. xylophilus
into Russiawould have an economic impact amotrrting to 50-112 billion rubles a year. At presentthe PWN is
officially considerednot to be presentin the RussianFederation;however, conditionsare suitablefor the nematode
in much of the Russia.Detection surveysfor the PWN have beenmade in severalregions of Russia,including the
Moscow and Sakhalin regiors plus Krasnoyarsk Zabaykalsky, Primorsky, Khabarovslq Altai Krai and AlAi
Republic. Nematodeswere extractedfrom wood samplesusing the funnel method (24-hour exfractionperiod). The
nematodeswere identified using a molecular diagnosticmethod- FLASH-PCR with 1349 samplesof pine (Pinus
sylvestris,P. sibirica, P.lmrajensis, Pinus pumila), silver fir (Abies alba, A. nephrolepis),fa (Picea laraiensis)
and Kayander larch (Larix cajanderi) being analyzedfor PWNs. Severalnematodespeciesof various taxonomic
groups were extracted from 33.1 % of the 1349 samples.Although B. xylophilus was not found in any of the
samples a closely-related nematode, B. mucronatus, was found in 11.5 % of all the samples.
Busaphelenchus.mucronairr{swas forlnd most often in wood samplesfrom Zabaykalsykrai (50 %). Surveys of
forestplantationsareexpectedto be conductedin future.
IN VITRO STUDY ON NEMATICIDAL
EFFEC OF MELTA AZEDARACH L.
Ardekani,A. S.
ResearchCenter,KohgilouyehandBoyerAhmad
Departmentof Plant Protection,AgricultureandNaturalResources
Province,Iran, [email protected]
Impacts of the water extracts of different parts of Melia azedarach L. (meliaceae) on the
Meloidogyne incognita, was determinedunder in vitro condition. Concentrationsof extract from plant parts
6
Nevertheless we found above 40
nematodes are less mobile animals within the marine meiobenthos.
regular occurrencewhere it is possible
speciesin the plankton samples.There are a few locations of their
to find littoral or sub-littoral nematodes.
suspensionin the water
The rains can be critical for the littoral meiobenthos.We have examined
organisms'Most abundantwere
streamduring the heavy shower in a low tide and find a lot of meiobenthic
Such.density is by-order of
nematodesand harpacticoid copepods,about 12 and84 ex./l correspondingly'
adjacentparts of the sea'
the
In
season'
magnitude greaterthan the number of real seaplankton at the same
littoral animals with density about .20
the stream formed freshwater lens containing the washed out
is less than in the stream suspension
;;-.[|1u,, po lit"r, including about L,"*ut"od" per liter. This
The washing out of nematodesand
concentrate,but anyway comparable with the msse-plankton number.
laboratory experimentswe found that
other meiobenthic ani*als ,"L-, to be important dispersal way. In
to move when salinity reducesbelow 5most of the littoral nematode specieslose ieversibty itreir abiliiy
These washed out animals also can be
12 o/oo,and these unmovable animals can be washed out easily.
includedin the planktonicfood chains.
INFLUENCE OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORSON SOII
FLOODPLAIN FORESTS
NEMATODBS OF
Kudrin,A. A.' Lapteva,E' M', Dolgin,M' M'
st', 28,Syktyvkar,Russia'allkudrin@gmail'com
Instituteof biologyKomiSC,RAS,Kommunisticheskaya
of trophic groups and genera of
Influences of some properties of alluvial soil on abundance
studied' It-was shown that two
are
(ccA)
nematodeson basis of the canonical correspondentanalysis
(including soil acidity
parameters
factors,pH andtype of atluvial soils, defining all physicai and chemical
taigazone'
and moisture) influenced soil nematodesof floodplain forests.of a
nematodesabundanceless' It was
influenced
compounds
organic
Carbon content in water-soluble
soils were steady to the change of the
establishedthat the most of nematode genera reveaied in alluvial
and Pratylenchoides responded more
investigated factors. Genera such as Tphelenchus, Acrobelodes
- Mononchus, Dorylaimus, Tobrilus' Eumonchistera'
actively on the changes of pH, the others
moisture conditions'
P r ismatol ai mus, Ap or cilaimu s, ll il sonema andCervi del lus on
MUCRONATUS
BACTERTA ASOCIATED WITH WOOD-INHABITING BURSAPHELENCHUS
NEMATODES
U. Sh'l, Kozyreva,N' I'3
Kulinich,O. A.,, Arbuzova,E.N.', Mazurin,E. S.l,Ryss,A. Yu.2,Magomedov,
tAll-Russian
oblast,140150Russia,okulinich@mail'ru
'-"" -'-*-'- plant QuarantineCenter,Pogranichnaya32,Mosco,w
tin" C/nter of parasitologt,Institwteof Ecologt and EvolutionRAS,Moscow,Russia
- 3Zoological
Instituteof MS, St'Petersburg'Russia
that.bacteriaassociatedwith the
Recentresearchby Chinese scientistshas shown the pathogenicrole
in pine wilt disease(PWD)' The closelypinewood nematode gVfry, Bursaphelenchusxylophilus, play
trees' Our preliminary work shows
related nematodeB. mucronalzs is some times pat'hogenicto-conifer
Burkholderiaxenovorans'
of bacteria,in 8 genera,i .e Achromobactersp., Bacillus subtilis,
;il i0 il;i;r
Pseudomonassp" Rahnella aquatilis'
Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonasfluorescens, Pseudomonis lurida,
with nineteenB' mucronalas isolates from
Rahnella sp., and Stenotrophomonasmaltophitra are associated
was extracted from two B' mucronatus
different regions of Russia. Pseudomonoi 1uor"r""rzs sp-ecies
was also found in all
isolates fuom zabaykalsky and Altai Krai. The bacterium Pseudomonasfluorescen.t
and they proposethat this bacterium is a
B.xylophilus populationsby Chineseresearches(2hao,2008)
generalagentofPWD.
r n , - , . ^ , ^r / , ^ ^ , n
N l0-04-01644a'
The workwas supportedof RussianFoundationfor Basic Research'
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Ao3e
H.H., Auurcauoea8.C.2009. Pons ryMop€IJtbHblx
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v.5.
C.152-159.
BOf.
M.,
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Torcacxapr4{o3IIecqoB. 1984. llflo,q peAarqr,refiB.A. Eepectona.fIeTpo:aeogcr. 109c.
po HA HAJIrrrrr4EcocHoBofr CTBonoBofr
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OECJTEAOBAHT{E
HEMATO,IbI
BURSAPHELENCIIUS
XYLOPHILUS
H. I,I. Ko:rrpera', A. 0. Prtcc3,O. A' KyE. H. Ap6y:o"ut, y. lII. Maroue4o"t, M. M. A6acoat, B. JI. flonorvrapee,
rtlrtttlqt
lBcepoccuilcrcuilqeump KapaHmuHa
pacmeuuil, yn. Iloepanuunan, 32, Mocrcoecxano6n., 140150, Poccun,
[email protected]
z$enmp napcsumorozuuI'III33 PAH, Mocrcea,Poccun
t3oonoeuqecxuiluucmumymPAH, CII6., Poccun
Cocnoeas crBonoBa-r HeMaroAa (CCH) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle
orgocr{Tcq K r{r4cny nau6onee 3naqr{Mbrx KapaHTr.rHHbrxopraHr{sruon. Bug flBrrflercfl. orlacHeftilrl{M
fraroreHoM xBofiHbrx [opoA, cnoco6urru Bbr3brBarb MaccoBoe yBf,AaHIre a ru6enr 4epenren. CCH
-rrBJrrercr a6opnrenou necoB Ceeepnofi Auepnru u 6tuta 3aBe3eHan -flnoulllo, craB TaM npnuunofi
coceH. BuocneAcrBr{H HeMaroAa 6rrra o6napyxeHa ua Taitsage, B IOx. Kopee,
ruaccogofi ."6ar"
B roro-Bocroqnofi qacrr{ Kuras. B 1999 r. rlaroreH BbItBJIeHn flopryrailr.rpoKo paclpocrpa:ntraol
OcHosHbrMr.rflepenocql{KaMpl HeMaroAblf,Brf,rorc.f, qepHble xeofiHrre
*
I,Icnungra.
n i, u s 2008
y cativ p o ga Mo n o ch amu s .
Kar norassrBaror pacqerbr, gKoHoMuqecxufi yqep6 B cJryqae [poHI{KHoBenvrfl,vI aKKJIHMarIr3arrr{r{ HeMaroAbr B. xylophilus Ha reppr{ropr,ru HaIuefi crpanbl Mo)Ker cocraBurb or 50 4o 112 Iunpa
40
py6lefi B roA. B uacroxrqee BpeMr CCH o$uqr{aJrbHocqflraercq BIIAoM,orcyrcrByloql'IM Ha repp[qacrb reppnropull Pocculr 6laronpuxrHa Ailfl.aAanrallEl{ HeMaroTopr.tnPO, o4uaro 3Haqr{TeJrbHafl
Ir
aui. Kpo*" Toro, yqprrbrBaflrrrupoKoepaclpocrpaHeHne 3Toro rlaroreHa s 6rusnexaul{x crpaHax
lITo 3Tor BI{AMoxer
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npoBoAI{JrI{cr
Panee
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reppl{ropI,ru
r{
pacflpocrpaHeH
$parrraeurapuueo66urr orpaHrrqeHHo
peruonax
PO: flpuuopcrou,
s
Heroropblx
B.
xylophllus
creAoBaHusJrecoHacax,qeuuiHa H€urzqrre
et al. 1994).
Kulinich
u
Kyrnuuu
4p.2008;
KpacrotrpcKoMKpaf,x(Kpyrlur, 20016;
Xa6aposcrorr,r,
o6creAosaHus
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6rrna paspa6orana Me)KBeAoMcrBeHHar
C yuerona Bbr[rerr3no]KeHHoro,
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PoccenlxosHaA3opa,Of V <Pocneco3allrura>u @f Y (B HI4tr'IJIM)'
MarePnalu I{ MeroAbI
Pafionrr o6cneAoeaHns:MocxoscKafl v Caxanuncrax o6tactu, KpacHoapcrufi, 3a6afixalrcrufi,
flpnr'ropcrufi, Xa6aponcrcufi,Anraitcrcui't ypax, Pecny6lnxa Anraft. Heltar:oA BrIAeJIflJIIIH3 ApeBecHbIX
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"o MeroAoMc rrc[oJrb3oBaHueM
MeroAaAl{arHocrl'tKr'r- <[II{P- Flash> (Kylnuuu
MoJIeKyJItpHoro
rnarecKuM
n ap., 2008).
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pa3rI,IqHbIXxsofiHrrx nopoA: co1349 npo6 ApeBecLIHbI
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(P.
sibirica\, cocHbl t<opeficroft
cn6npcrofi
cHbr o6ngroseHHofi (Pinus sylvestris), cocHbl
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(Pinus pumila), rIHxrbI
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KarH4epa (Larix
rrHcrBeHHlIIIu
no*op"ofi (Abies iephrolepis), elu xopeficxofi (Picea korajensis),
cajanderi).
H3 33,1 o
rpyfln BbIAeJIeHbI
HeMaroA pa3rHr{HbIXTaKcoHoMI,IqecKHx
PasHoo6pasurreBr,rAbr
npo6 (ra6n.). Bua B. xylophilus ue o6xapy)KeH'oAHaKonoqrH roBcex rpocMorpeHHbrxApeBecHbrx
-6n"s*opo4crseHHrril
BI,IA- xsofiHas ApeBecuat HeMaroAaB' mucronatus. B
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e ll,5 o/oscex co6paHnux
saperurcrpl{poBaHa
B.
mucronatus
HeMaroAa,
ueJroM,xeofiHas ApeBecHar
npo6. ,{nr cpaBgeHru,s fepuanun qacrora BcrpeqaeMocruBursaphelenchusspp. B npo6ax, 3aceJIeH%o,anHoprerwn-6 o/o.BulB.mucronafusHeorHocl{TcqKKapaHrI'IHHbrxycaqaMg,cocraBJrflna15
u l.lusopvrarlilr o ero naroreHHocrl,Ipa3HopeqllBa.B prge clyiaen gTor BI'IAHeMaroAbI
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rn6em xsofiHHx ceflHIIeBH Aaxe AepeBbeB(Kpyr'nur,
TaK)KeMoxer 6urs naroreHHbrMr,rBbr3brBarb
2001a). t{aule Bcero B. mucronatus olnapyxvBarcfl r o6pasqax ApeBecxHbll'Is 3a6afiKanbcKoroKpat
(s0%).
Ta6luqa.
Perylrrartr
a1ail4gao6pasqon ApeBecHHbIHa Harltt{tae cocHoeoil crnonosoft HeMaroAbI
Bursaphelenchusrylophilus B pa3rnrrnblx perzoHax PO
PeruonP@
A-nraficrcufixpafi
Koacxoqocxuft rpafi
flpnrr,ropcrxii rpafi
Xa6aposcxufi xpail
Mocxoscrar o6lacrr
o6.nacrr
Caxa-nxscrcas
3a6afixanscrufixpaft
Korilqectso
co6pauurx o6pa:uoe
Kor[qecrso o6pasuoa
C BbI'BJICHHbIMI,I HEMATOAAMI,I
IUT,
ll0
40
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) l
zz5
415
r67
57
9vrorcruft AO
t)o
7
llroro:
1349
5l
l6l
29
t2
96
446
%
26.6
22,9
38,8
t7.4
tl
Kor[qecrgo o6pasqonc HeMaroAaMI'l
Bursanhelenchusmucronatu.s
%
TIIT.
t4
t a 1
6
8
2.8
3.6
I 1.3
47
L
t )
I
61.5
78
)U
1',I I
155
I 1,5
Odcyxaenne Ir BbrBoAbI
OcHoerrsaqcb Ha reKyrrIHX r{ paHee ony6nuxosauHblx AaHHbIx (Ryss et al., 2005), MoxHo 3aKJrIoqgrb, qro sug B. xylophilus Ha reppr{ropuu P@ rroKa He o6Hapyxen. B ro xe BpeMt MbI He Mo}ceM calura6 saxrrbqeHr{e o6 orcyrcrnufl narorena Ha repp}ITopIar,I P(D oKoHqareJIbHbIMH3-3a HeAocraroqHoro
o6relra o6cleAonanufi n orpaufiqeHHocrn nrr6opxlt ApeBecHLIXnpo6. Tar, corJlacHo noAcqery HopBexSKHX6r4onoroB-sKoHoMrrcroB, Heo6xoArMo [poaHaJlu3npoBarb oKoJIo 10000 ApeBecHblx upo6 4m AocroBepHoro 3aKirroqeHhfl o HaJrr.{quurrJrr,rorcyrcrBulr cocuoBofi crsorosofi neuaroAsl Ha repplrropuu Hopne4l
rnu. B cBt3lr c 3rrrM 6bulo 6rt qerecoo6pa:urru o 4alrnefiureM rrpoAonxcnTb MoHr/rropuur CCH Ha reppuTopHr.rP(D. IIpu srou ueo6xoArrMo pyxoBoAcrBoBarbc.{ cneAyrorrrnMrr rpHHrIr{naMH:
A) llpu o6cne4oBaHLIHyAenlrrb oco6oe BHrrMaHuexaofiHuu JrecoHacaxAeHr.uMH cKJraAr{poBaHHbIM JIeCOMaTepI{aJIaM
B rOpOAaXr.roKpecrHocr{x MerarroJrHcoBr{ rropToB, T.K. pacflpocrpaHeHl,Ie o[acHbIX
I'IHBa3lrBHbIXIr KapaHTLIHHbIX
OpfaHr,r3MoBocyruecrBr.flerc{ [perrMyrlecrBeHHo rryreM rrpf,Moro 3aHoca ux
c rIocaAolIHbIM Marepua[oM, JIecoM r,rynaKoBoqHofi rapofi r.r3Apyrkx crpaH. tr4ueuno c ynaroBotruofi rapofi 6ruu 3aHeceHLIraKfie BpeAoHocHbreopfaHn3Mbr, KaK CCH B. xylophilus (:aueceua e flopryra-rrzro c
ynaKoBoqHofi rapofi u: Karax), tceHeBa.rrH3yMpyAHa.r3JrarKaAgrilus planipennis - 3aHeceHan Mocxey,
a:uarcrufi yca't Anoplophora glabripennis (zaaeceH B prA ropoAoB CIIIA n erponeficKr,rx rocyAapcrB H3
Kurax) u r.4.
E) llpu olpeAeneHnu pafioHor Ans o6cle.4oBaHu.rr Ha cocHoByro crBonoByro HeMaroAy K r{ucny
lpuopilrerHblx cJleAyer orHecrr.r qacrb reppuropr{u P(D, pacnonox(eHHyro roxHee ruuporbr Mocroscxofi
o6nacrlr, s oco6eHHocrlr cJleAyer o6parurr BHrrMaHr{eua Kpacuo4apcrczfi xpafi u floprhr (Couu, Hosopoccnficx), rAe KJII'{MarfiqecKI{eycnoBr.It oco6esno 6naronprurHbr An.rraKKJrnMarr.t3arlr{tr3Toro opraHr{3Ma, v ilpr4 erou o6cle4oBaHr{s na CCH HHKorAa He rrpoBoAr{nucb.
B ctpanax EC (a raKxe n P(D) pa:pa6orau prA HopMarrrBHbrx AoKyMeHroB no npoBe,{eHuro KapaHTIIHHbIX Qurocaur.rrapHblx Mepolpuxruit B oqafe ycavefi poga Monochamus - ocHoBHbrx [epeHocqaKoB
HeMaroAbI B. xylophilus. Ha reppxropl4ll P@ o6uraror 6 suloe yca.refi.' M. sutor, M. galloprovincialis,
M. impluviatus, M. nitens, M. saltuarius, M. urussovl. B cryrae o6napyxenus CCH orpeAeJr.flercfl KapaHTvtJj.}l:afl,
$urocaHlarapHa-* 3oHa rr ycraHaBJrr4Baercfl.KapaHTnHHbrfi SnrocaHurapurrft pexorM. B cs.f,gfi c
Bo3Mo)KHbIMpa3neroM HMaro ycaueit onpeAen.nercx 6ySepuar 3oHa (5 xu), r.e. KoHrponrpyeMaf, 3oHa
Bo3MoxGoro o6uapyxeHu{ BpeAI,IreJIfl,rrpv neo6xoguuocrrr rroABeprarcilIaflc{
QurocanurapH;rM rr ApyrnM MepaM 6ops6u. Toltxo BbInoJrHeHHeKapaHTHHHbrxpefnaMesraqufi rro BBo3y recoMarepraaJroB lr3
pafioHon paclpocrpaHeHr{t B. xylophilus cMo)Ker B 3Harrr.rreJrbnoficreuenr4 cAepx€Tb 3aHoc oflacHoro 11aToreHa Ha reppr{Topuro Poccun.
Jft.rreparypa
Kpyetux 14.A. flaroreuuocrb AaJrbneBocror{Horo
ri3oJurracrsorosofi HeMaroAbrBursaphelenchusmucronatus
// Bec:rnnr ABO PAH, 2001a,J\bl, c. 72-76.
KpyenurcLI.A. Hernrarogrr-xcuno6nogTr,r
coceHKopegHr,rxJrecoBH nocaAoKrcra !zulsuero Bocrora Poccuu /l
Bec:rsnr IBO PAH. 20016.J\! 4, c. 59*63.
Kynuuuv O. A., PozoctcuuE. A., Parcc A. IO., ,{peuoea H. 8., Ilououapee B.JI. CocHoea.rcrBonoBarrHeMaroocBoeH
3Kcrlpecc-MeroA
ee BbrrBleswsll 3auvrra r.rKapaHTHH
,{a:
pacrenafi, 2008, 11, c.32-33.
Kulinich O.A., Kruglic 1.A., Eroshenko A.5., Kolosova M Z Occurrence and distribution of the nematode
Bursaphelenchus
mucronalezs
in the RussianFar East// RussianJoumal of Nematology,1994,vol.2(2),p.113-119.
Ryss A., P. Vieira, M. Mota & O. Kulinicft. A synopsis of the genus Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937
(Aphelenchida:Parasitaphelenchidae)
with keys to species.Nematology,2005, Vol. 7(3), 393-458.
IICCJIEAOBAHI,Ifl MOPCKI{X HEMATOA HA KOJIJIEKTOPAX ANfl BbIPAIIII,IBAHILfl
TPEFETIIKA B YCJIOBI4flX MAPI,IKYJIbT)TPbI 3AJIITBA IIETPA BEJII{KO| O
(qrroHCKoE MOPE)
JI. C. Eenorypona
Yupecrcdeuue
PoccuilcrcoilAxadeuuu uayx l4ucmumymduoaoauuMopn urrt.A.B. )I{upuyncxoeo,{BO PAH, yn. IlanavescKoeo,I 7, Bnadueocmox69004l, Poccun, LS_B [email protected]
Vcranosra MapllKyJlbrypbr, rBJr{f,cr cy6crparoM AJrfl MopcKr{x opraHr.r3MoB,caMr.rcraHoB.f,Tcq
qacrblo oKpyxcarcqefi cpeAu, H3MeH.rr.f,
Ar4HaMr.rKy,cocraB u ceoficrsa gKocrrcreM. Cepresnofi rexHororHqecKofi npo6lerraofi nx 3xcnnyararlMu flBrflercx 6uoo6pacraHrre ycraHoBoK. B reueHae prga
ne:r s nHcrllryre 6noloruu Mopt IrM. A.B. XupuyHcKofo ABO PAH npoBoA;rrcfl r,rccJreAoBaHu.s
ro
u3yqeHl'Irc fipoqecca 3aceJleHlrt HcKyccrBenHrrx cy6crparoB flpu Bbrpaqr{BaHur.r[pr{MopcKoro rpe6eruxa. OgnonpeueHHo c 3rI{M BeAyrcx pa6oru rro rrccJreAoBaHurococraBa H qucreHHocrN MefionocereHr{rc npr{MopcKoro rpe6erua (fanrqona,
1991; fanuloBa r,r Ap.
SayHr,I, coryrcrByloqefi
42
EAKTEPITA"ITbHASMIIKPOEI4OTA NPEBBCHOfr HEMATONbI BURSAPHELENCHUS
MUCRONATUS
o. A. Kynnnuul,E. H. Ap6y:oua',E.C.Masypunl,
A. Io. Pucc2,y.[IJ.Maroue4oer,
H. I,I.Kosupeea3
tBcepoccuilcxuil
pacmeuuil,yn. Ifoepauuunan,
32, Mocxoecrcaa
o6r., 140150,Poccun,
4eumpRapaHmuHa
[email protected]
^'3oonoauqecxuil
uucmumym
PAH, CII6, Poccun
'qeump napa3umono?ui
nngg PAH, Mocxea
Bulr xBofiHbrx rropoA, Bo36yAr.rreJreM
Koroporo flBrg.ercs. cocHoBas crBoroBas HeMaro.4a
qucny
Bursaphelenchusxylophilus, oruocwrcr K
nau6onee 3KoHoMprqecKlr
:a6onesaHr,rfixsofi3HarrHMErx
Hbrx [opoA B Mr.rpe.EonsnuncrBo crpaH Mrrpa,BKJrro.{as
Poccuro, BHecJrr{
Bw B. xylophilus B nepeqenb
KapaHTrrHHbrx
tr1lccre,{oaanufl.
e P@ no Bbr.rrBJreHr{ro
opraHr,r3Mos.
cocnosofi crsorosofi HeMaroAhr,Harrarbre B 1990-x roAax, noKzr3uurn
orcyrcrBne B. xylophilus il ruupoKoepacilpocrpaHeHneApenecnofixrofinofi neuaro4tt B. mucronatus- ruga, 6nusxopo.qcrBeHHoro
B. xylophilus. BpraB. mucronatus cql{Taercfl
HenarorenHbrM,oAHaKosa6rrc.4enufl nora3aJrrr,qro HeKoropbrerr3oJurrbr3Toro Br,rAaMoryr 6rrrr uaroreHHbrMrrr{ Bbr3brBarb
B pfl.4ecJr} {aeBru6em AepeBbeB.Kaxne Qarropn BJrH{rorHa rraroreHHocrbB}r.qa
B. xylophilu,s,H Mox(er rn4r,nr, B. mucronalerssrresrgarbyB.flAaH[exsofiHsrx AepeBbeB,noAo6HoB. xyloqro (Br{JrrxBofiHbrxnophilus? llocle4nue HccJreAoBaHlrs
raraficxlrx n ropeficKfix yireHhrxrroKa3r,rBaror,
poA), Bbr3breaeN{rri
KoMnneKcoMrraroreHoB,rAe
neuaro.qofi B. xylophilu,s, Ha caMoMAeJreBbr3brBaercfl
HraBeHcrByroqyrcporrbrrrparor r{MeHHorraroreHHble6arrepnu, Haxoplrlrlec.rrHa Kyrr,rKyneHeMaro.{gro(Zhao,2008). I{ersro HarrrrrxuccJre.{oBaHaft
ro Br,rAa
crano r.{3yqeHr.re
nalmpo6uorbrpa3nuqHbrxreorpaQuqecKlrx rr3oJrrroBHeMaroAB. mucronatus, pacilpocrpaHeHHbrxHa reppr{Topun P(D. Haxe AaH aHanl{3
rrpeABapr.rreJrbHbrx
AaHHbrxuo 6axrepuanrnofi uuxpo6uore HeMaro.qB. mucronatus.
Marepuan r{ MeroAbr
xsofiHsrx
s 2010 f. rls ApeBecr.rnrr
flen.arna4qarbH3orsroB HeMaroAB.mucronatus 6sutu BbrAeneHbr
nopoA (cocurr o6rrxnoeeHHoir Pinus sylvestris, cocHbr cu6upcxofi P. sibirica, cocHbr ropeficxofi
P. korajensis, rrrxrbr o6rrrnoseHHoirAbies alba, nuxrst 6eroxopuoi Abies nephrolepis, enn ropeficrofi,
Picea korajensis, rnucrseHHrrrlbr
Ka.nHgepa(Larix cajanderi), co6pauHrrx n Kpacuoxpcrorra,3a6afixa-nscxou, flpuuopcKoM, Xa6aponcxona,A-rrraficroMKpar{xa Pecny6nnre Anrafi. l{4eHrnQuxarluro HeMaroA
MoneKyJurpHbrx
MeroAoB.qrrafHocrl{Ku
lpoBo.{r{Jrr{lropQoloruqecKrlM MeroAoM c rrcnoJrb3oBaHr.reM
c nux 6axrepnr{ KyJrbrr4BH<f[qP- Flash> (KynuHuv rEgp., 2008). Heruaro.qB. mucronara.sr{ BbrAeJreHHbre
poBanuHa rpu6e Botrytis cinerea Ha xapro$eJrbuoMcycJro-arape.
npf,Moro ceKBeHllpoBasugreua 165
l4genru$unaqurc 6arcrepufi nponogurrv c ucrroJrb3oBaHrreM
rRNA. IlpurraeHrrn aunnuSurcarlurcc upafiuepaun 8UA forward 5'- aga gtt tga tcm tgg ctc ag-3' u 5l9B
(3AO CnnroJI, Moreverse5' -gta tta ccg cgg ckg ctg-3'. fla:ree c HHMH]Ke rrpoBoArrJru
ceKBeHr{poBaHHe
cxna). Peaxunouna{ cMecboAsoft lllfP-pearqpru o6reuou 25 rvrxl coAep)Karra:lx t[{P 6y0ep (fiuar'ar,
Mocrcaa),2nrM MgC12, 200urM Kalr(Aorous dNTP, 20nxM KaxAoro us npafirraepoe,2 eg. <<hot-start>
(,{rla,rrar,Mocrcna).TenrneparypHo-BpeMeHHbre
[apaMerpu arunnufuKalll{H BKJIIoSmarTag rroJraMepzBbr
oC - 15 cex, 55
rrrutfi:npeAeHaryparrun95 oC - 5 uun, A€rnee
35 quxnon, cocro.firquxus 95
"C - 30 cer,
oC.
*4
flonyueHHufi
npogym
IIIIP
72'C
30 cer; Suuamusrii AocrrHre372oC 10 unn; xpaHeHuenpu
ua6opa Fermentas(#K0701) <<Gene
JET PCR>. llocreAorareJlbHocrrl nocne
oquuiuu c rcrroJrb3oBaHr{eM
ceKBeHr{poBaHrr.rr
BbrpaBHHBiurE
rrpfi rroMorrluflporpaMMsl BioEdit. BuporHeHnbre nocneAoBareJlbHocrlt
B [pr.rJro)KeHlrpr
BLAST NCBI.
oueHr{Bzurx
Pe:y;rrrarsr u o6cyxAenue
HeMaro.qB. mucronatus
reorpaSuvecKnx I{3oJIflToB
B pe:yl;rare nccJreAoBasuitl9-rw pa3nr/rqHbrx
(ra6n.
poAaM
2).
@arcruuecKlr
Bce o6HapyxeHnsIe
Br,rAoB
orHocrqrrxcs
rc
6
BbrAeJreno
6axrepufi,
Aec-srr,
Pseudomonasfluorescens. Eaxrepuu AaHHoroBvAa
Br{Abrcqr.{TarorcrcailpoSurHsruu, 3a r,rcKrroqeuuexr
HaMr{c r{3oJrrroBHeMaro.4r{s Arrailcroro Kpa{ (pacreHue-xo3quHPinus sylvestris) u 3a6aitBbrAeJreHbr
- xsofiHrre nopogrr). tr4lreuuogTor Br,rA6ar<repuu BbIAeJUIncfi
xurafiKiurbcKofor<pax(pacreHu-f,-xo3.reBa
c TI3oJUIToB
HeMaroAB. xylophilu^srr rrMeHHoc HI{MoHI{ cBfl3blBalorIraroreHcKr{MnrrccJreAoBareJrrMrr
Ha cocHax. finQopuaqux B orHolxeHuu P.fluorescens
Hocrb HeMaroAHo-6axrepuanrHoroKoMrrJreKca
BHAaucnonb3yrorcqB [paKr[Ke B Kaqecrse6uoareHognoii
cropoHbr
6ar<repnu
3Toro
nporr.{Bopeqfiea.
C
rpu6on u 6arrepzfi, a c
KopHr{pacreuufi or 3apaxeHr{r rraroreHHbrMrBl,z.Aav.la
Ta, npe.4oxpaHqrorqefo
74
3HaquMocrr 6arrepufi P.fluorescen,s,KaKocApyrofi cropoHbr,orrlrrbr KrrraficKr{x) {eHbrxAoKa3brBaror
HoBHorono:6yAlrrenflBvtrrraxeofiHrrx
ropoA e Kurae (Zhao et a1.,2008).
Ta6.nuua 1. flepevenr r{3oJrrroBHeMaroAB. mucronar!1.r,KccJreAoBaHHbrx
Ha 6axrepnanrHyrorvruxpo6nory
Peruon P@
I4rolsrrr HeMaroA
(ron)
A7
AI
Anraftcrnft xoafi
All
KDACHO'DCKHI,I KDA}I
3a6afixaarcnnii roafi
IpNrr.ropcrnfi rpai
2-5-t-l
321'
56A
49F
658
731.
788
706
80A
74p.
Xa6aponcrlrfi rpafi
l69E
I,Ipxyrcr
203F^
636
53A
134
Bmlr
Pacrenue-xogsuH
CocHa(Pirus sp.)
Cocsa ur6upcxas
Cocua (Pinas sp.)
Cocna (Pinus sp.)
XsofiHsre
XaoftHue
XeoftHue
XeofiHne
Xgofinue
flplrrraeuanne
Jleconacaxaenue
Crutaa c JIecoMareDI4aJIaMr{
Jleconacax.uenre
Jleconacaxaesne
Jlecouacaxaenve
I loroytoqnrre
nJIoIuailKH
I lorpyroqlnre
finolraAKfi
florpyloqssre nlrouranKr.I
florpy:o.IubIe
XsofiHHe
XsofiHsre
fluxra 6eror<ooaxA b ies neohro lenis
fluxra 6eroropas A bies nephro lepis
fluxra Abies
IlrcrseHHraua(Lar k sp.\
Ent Picea
JlucrseHrrlrua(Larix so.\
Jlucrnesnur{a (Larix sn.)
Cocna (Pinas sp.)
1','o uIa.IKfi
noroy:oqnste n;loruanKu
llorov:oqrtsre lrJroruanKH
florpy:o.rHsre rurorrlaAKr,r
florpyroqnrre finoruaaKr{
Jlecouacaxaeune
CrutaalecolrareorralrroB
Cr-nal lecouareDr.r:uroB
CMa.{ sarorosKu,[peBecr.rgbl
Crurar garorogKrr JlpeBeclrHbl
Ta6nnqa 2. Bllaosofi cocraB 6arrepuft, BbrAgJreHHhrx
c pa3Jruqnuxr,r3orurroB
HeMaroA
Bursaphelenchus mucronatus
Br-rAosoficocran 6axrepnfi, nrr4ereNubrxc rr3o;rrroB
reuato.n -8. mucronatus
Ac i netobacter lwoffi /i un i i
A. hvdrophila
Achromobacter sp.
Actinobacillus ureae
Aeromonas hvdronhila
Bacillus subtilis
B urkho lderia xenovo rans
Entero bacter inter medius
Enterobacter cloacae
Enterococcuscasseliflavus
Escherichia hermannii
Flavobacterium so.
Pantoea agglomerans
Pseudomonasaeruginosa
Pseudomonascloacae
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomo:nasintermedium
Pseudomonaslurida
Pseudomonasputida
Pseudomonassn.
Rahnella aawatilis
Rahnella sp
Serratia marcescens
flo xaurNn rar{HLrM
T
+
+
+
?
T
+
+
+
T
+
+
+
i
T
+
+
+
+
T
+
Staphyl ococcu s aerugi nosa
Staohvlococcus aur icu laris
Stenotrophomonas maItophi I ia
flo Aannrrrrl Zhao et
a1..2009
+
+
PasHrrea3oJrflTbr
HeMaroAB. mucronalus coAep)KarnpinnuqHbreBr{Abr6axrepufi. Hau6onee qacro
(Zhao et a1.,2009) npn r.r3yrreHuu
6axrepuu pop.aPseudomonas.B panurExrrccJreAoBaHunx
BbrAer.f,nucb
MHKpo6uorHB.mucronatus Br,rflBnreHo
rrrecrHaArlarbBr{AoB6arrepufi. flplr srorrr Br,rAoBoficocraB orofi
6arrepuanrnofi unrcpo6norbrorJrr{qaerc.rr
or raKoBoft,BbrAeJrennofi
B Hacroruee BpeMfl.Hau6onee qacro
75
B o6oux uccJreAoBaHurx Bcrpeqarorcr 6arrrepau, orHoc-silruecr K poly Pseudomonas. Cle4yer orMerl{Tb,
ToJIbKo ua B. xylophilus
uro 6axrepuu P. fluorescens pa:r'ee Ha HeMaroAax B.mucronatus se BburBJr-rrJrr{cb,
(Zhao et al,, 2009). Mlr ne prcKrroqaeM, qro HeKoropbre [3or-srst B.mucronatus v.oryr Hecrla naroreHHble
6axrepun, t,t B TaKoM cJr]qae Hevrarogo-6aKTepnirnbHsrfi rouunerc (8. mucronatus + 6arrepnu) TarcKe Moxer 6rnr BbrcoKo [aroreHHbrM, KaK r.rc Br.rAoMB. xylophilu,s, oAHaKo grfi npof,Bnenus. Bwfia neo6xoAulrlo
HaJruque 6laronpuatHbrx KJrr{MaruqecKr.rxSaxropoe, a rarcKe fioAxoA,xulero pacreHHt-xo3.sltHa.
Jlnreparypa
Rynuuuu O. A., PoeoacunE. A., Porcc A. IO., ,[peuoea H. 8., Ifouoaapee B.JT.CocHonascrBoJroBailHeMaropacreunil, 2008, I l, c.32-33.
ll 3awvrcau KapaHTHH
Aa: ocBoeH3Kc[pecc-MeroAee BburBJreHrrr
Zhao B. G. Bacteria carried by the pine wood nematode and their symbiotic relationship with nematode. In:
ZhaoB.G., Futai K., SutherlandJ.R.,TakeuchiY. (eds.),Pine Wilt Disease,Tokyo: Springer,2008, p. 264-274.
Zhao B.G., Lin F, Guo D., Li R.G., Li 5.N., Kulinich O., RyssL Pathogenicroles the bacteria carried by
Bursaphelenchusmucronalas. Journal of Nematology, 2009, a 1( I ), p. 11- I 6.
IICTOIIHITKI4I4
TIYTI4 @OPMI4POBAHI{q
@AYHbI
MOPCKIIX
IIAPA3I4TI'TTIECKI4X
HEMATOA
M. A. Hnr<utun2
M. B. MapaauroBat,B. B. Aneurr,rH',
'Euonozuqecrcuil
.
MIY uu. M.B. Jlononocoea, Mocrcea,Poccun
Qarcynomem
tHnn
Mocxea, Poccua, [email protected]
6usu*o-xwtuttecKoil 1uonoeuu,uu. A.H. Eenosepcrcoeo,
flapa:nruvecKtre HeMaroAbr B Mope [oirrr.r raK )Ke MHoroqHcrIeHHbI,KaK Ha cyme I,I B npecHblx BoorJluqaercx. llapa:nrbl HzBeMHBrxopraHl{3Ho
raKcoHoMrrrrecrufi cocraB ux Qayn npr,rHrlr{n}rurJrbHo
Aax,
MoB pa3Hoo6pa3Hrr, o6r,eAun.flrorc.s B cucreMe co ceo6oAHoxHByIrIHMH BLIAaMI,Iu [epexoAI,IJrI.{K rlapa3l{Tr,r3MyMHoroKparHo. Orpouuoe xe 6olruuHcrBo MopcKI{x [apa3I,ITI,IqecKIrxHeMaroA orHocl,ITc.nK crlupyprrAo-acKapu4ia4nouy KoMrrneKcy orpflAoB, cBf,3aHHoMyc rIo3BoHoqHbIMHxo3fleBaMl{. BaAos MopcKrrx
6u r srorray KoMrlnercy, HeMHoro. Cpe4u HrIx ecrb
[ap€r3uT[qecKr{x HeMaroA, Koropbre He npnHaAJre)KaJrrr
BHAbr, poAcrBeHHbre H€BeMHbrMrrapa3nraM, Ho y MHoTHX cHcreMaT[qecKoe rIoJIo)I(eHue HetcHo. B nocJreAHeMclyqae TarcKe MoxHo rrpeAnonaraTb rrx aBToxToHHoe,MopcKoe [poucxoxAenHe. CeeAenufi o6
aHaroMHH u eiu6pnonor[qecKoM piBBrrrr.ru MopcKHX [apa3HTI,IqecKI,IxHeMaroA HeAocraroElHo, qro6bl orrpeAenrrrb r{x Mecro B crrcreMe H rrponcxo)KAeHrre,6es npunreveHns MoreKyntpHblx gaHHrrx [1,5].
B nalnerr,rpacllopsxceHvrv olKa3arrncbABa Br,rAaMopcKr,rx [apa3IrTLIqecKHX HeMaTOA:Nematimermis
enoplivora [4] - napasrnr Apyrrrx HeMaroA c Jrrrrop:ilfl Eeroro Mopf, pI Tropltomera sp., vts ceNleficrea Benthimermithidae [3], BHAhr Koroporo {Birfllorcq cneqururn3rrpoBaHHbrMr{[apa3HTaMX MopcKI,Ix 6ecnossoHOqHbIX.
I{elr uacrorulefi pa6orbr - onpeAeJreHueMecra orHX AByx [apa3l{roB cpeAlr Apyrfix HeMaroA, qro6srn upu6nu3urbc.rr K perxenvro npo6leurr flpoucxox,{euur Saynsr MopcKHX [apa3llrnqecKl{x HeMaroA.
poAcr,{na 4ocruxeuux nu6pansoi qenu Mbr nocraBlrJrrr nepeA co6ofi 3aAaqy oflpe.qeJll{Tb6luxafiuzx
BeHHrlKoBu3yqaeMbrx BrlAoB, a rarcKe rrpeAnonox(Lrrb Bo3MolKHbIenyru SoprunponaHut AaHHbrx [apa3l{TLrqecKHxfpynn.
reHbl pn6oI,Is SurccnpoBaHHbrx cm.rproM HeMaroA Mbr BbrAeJrnru IHK 12,6f, avnnu0uqnpon4lu
r{renue
qennofi
reHoB
ocyqepeaKrlnrr.
nocneAoBareJlbnocreft
cocunofi PHK c rroMoulbro rroJrr{Mepa3Hofi
KaK oqfiuleHHbrx cnHpToBbIM ocaxAeHHeM I{ npelapaTI,IBHbIM enexrpoSopecTBJrflJrr{ceKBeHHpoBaHpreM
sovr $parrueHroB, TaK u pexovr6unaHTHbrx rrna3MHA rlocJre KJIoHltpoBaHwx.lpx cpaBHeHI.{t nocneAoBaTenbnocrefi c raKoBbrMrrtApyrr{x HeMaroA Mbr 3apaHee rroAroroBuJru MHoxecrBeHHoe BbIpaBHI,IBaHveI{3
93 fissec'rHsrx fiocneAoBareJlbHocreft pasnnunsrx HeMaroA.
(Duloreneruqecrnfi anaJrr.r3rron) {ennbrx AaHHbrx ycraHoBl{Jr rlpl{HaAnexHocrb N. enoplivora x or'
p.a4y Mermithida, qro yKa3brBaer Ha nepexoA K MopcKr{M xo3{eBaM LIX rpeAKa yxe c$opllupoBaBllrefocf,
KaK rrapa3nT Ha3eMHbrx6ecnossoHoqHbrx. Tanuvr o6parou, BrIepBbIe noJD^IeHbI y6e4urensuble AoKa3aTeJIbCTBarrepexoAa K X(H3HHB MopcKXX XO3qeBaXnapa3uTnqecKllx HeMaTOA,HiBeMHbIXIIO [pOUCXO)K,qeHHrO,3a rrpeAeJIaMI{Or CrlupypuAo-acKapLIAI{AHbIXHeMaroA.
CoeceN{ r{Hoe rroJro)KeH}rey Trophomera sp. Ceueficreo Benthimermithidae o6oco6leso or ruo6srx
Apyrr.rx cerr.reficrsHeMaroA rr cBfl3aHo orArIJreHHbrMpoAcrBoM c MopcKHMI4I4 rIpecHoBoAHbIMrrBIaAaMITor76