Polyculture Development through IMTA:
Sandfish-Milkfish-Seaweed
Zainal Arifin, Sigit A.P. Dwiono,
Muhammad Firdaus & Sri Juwana
Research Centre of Oceanography – LIPI
Surabaya, 13 – 15 April 2015
Background
• Disease outbreak in the culture of
tiger shrimp and white shrimp
resulted in idle earthen ponds all over
Indonesia.
• According to Ministry of Maritime
Affairs and Fisheries, the underused
earthen pond is estimated to 258,000
Ha.
• The disease outbreak was partially
due to monoculture practiced by
fishermen and inadequate water
management.
• Using single species of animal or plant
is considered risky as it may lead to
the spread of pests and diseases
History of Shrimp Culture in Indonesia
Traditional
Traditional
Semi intensive
Intensive
Reduce intensity
Reduced area (Idle Ponds)
Super intensive
MBV, WSSV, TSV
MBV, WSSV, TSV
1986
1994/1999
2001/2002
2005 2006
2009
2011
IMNV
Milkfish
Tilapia
P. monodon
Intensification:
P. monodon
Introduction of
L. vannamei
Large integrated
shrimp farm
IMNV
OUTBREAK
Production drop to 30 %– 40%
Idle Traditional and Intensive Shrimp Farms
in 2011-2012 (Ha)
Locations
Sumatra
Integrated shrimp farm
Ex. Dipasena
Java
Sulawesi
Kalimantan
Total
Idle Traditional
shrimp farm
55,000
-
Idle shrimp farm
(ex intensive)
5,000
16,000
90,000
100,000
65,000
310,000
10,000
2,000
10,000
34,000
Sources: Sutanto, 2012
• According to Ministry of Maritime and Fisheries (2014), the
underused earthen pond is estimated at 258,000 Ha.
Idle Traditional and Intensive Shrimp Farms
Concept of Integrated Polyculture Development
through IMTA: Sandfish-Milkfish-Seaweed
• Three crops cultured simultaneously but different harvest time.
• Sandfish, milkfish and seaweed are of market value. Dried
seacucumber IDR 600.000,-/kg, Milkfish IDR 13.000,-/kg, and dried
seaweed IDR 4.500,-/kg.
• Seacucumber reduced organic matter in the pond, seaweed reduce
inorganic material, milkfish reduce both micro- and macro-algae
and no waste (pond health recovery)
• Low technology, easily adapted by farmer
• The concept is in-line with Blue Economy principles.
Achievement – from laboratory to field
 Hatchery technique of invertebrates (pearl oyster,
abalone, top-shell, swimming crabs, mangrove crabs
and sandfish) has been completed in the last 15 years
 Replicate experiments, both in lab and field condition,
have been done in many parts of Indonesia
 Culture and restocking of some species have been done
 Development of IMTA as an implementation of Blue
Economy concept
Fertilizer
Light
Phytoplankton
Nutrition
Milkfish
Zooplankton
Gracillaria
Detritus
Seacucumber
Seacucumber can reduce organic content in the sediment, sea-weed can reduce inorganic
materials in the sediment and water column, milkfish can graze and reduce micro and macro
algae (seaweed)  Efficient uses of resources, minimum waste, high productivity.
Sandy-Muddy
Earthen Pond, 1 Ha
Pond Preparation
• Pond structure preparation
• Fertilizer
• Seed acclimatization
Production
• Grow out
• Sampling and monitoring
(environment and disease)
Harvesting &
Marketing
• Harvesting
• Post-Harvest Treatment
• Packing & Transportation
Hapa (gogona) for
Nursering Sea
Cucumber seeds
Sea Cucumber Grow Out
Floating (Left) and Fixed (Right) “gogona (hapa)”
Sea Cucumber Juveniles
Production Timeline
Sandfish: 12 months
Milkfish: 6 months
Seaweed: 3 months
Months
Estimated Productivity (1 Ha, 2 Years)
Sandfish
Yield
• 13.000 seeds
• Partial harvest after 10 months
of culture
• Harvest size 200 g individual
Milkfish
• 4.000 fingerlings/cycle (6
months)
• Harvest size 200 g individual
1.820 kg of
Sandfish
12.000 kg of
Gracilaria sp.
Gracilaria sp.
• 1.000 kg sea-weed inoculum/
plant
• Partial Harvesting/ 3 months
1.120 kg of Milkfish
* Survival Rate 70%
Business Calculation (Scenario for 1 Ha, 2 Years)
Total operating cost
Total Revenue
IDR 114.600.000
IDR 291.800.000
* Sandfish (IDR 273.000.000)
Milkfish (IDR 16.800.000)
Gracillaria (IDR 12.000.000)
Management
IDR 27.504.000
Interest
IDR 27.504.000
Investment + Inflation 6% pa
IDR 128.352.000
Gross Profit
IDR 108.440.000*
Technology Dissemination?
Coastal Community
• Overexploitation of coastal resources
(ex: Fish, sea cucumber, etc.)
• Shrimp farming failure
• Idle Ponds (Milkfish & seaweed)
• Low Income
Integrated Polyculture
• Shifting resources exploitation to
“mariculture”
• Reduce idle ponds
• Increase income
Technology Dissemination?
• Sandfish culture training, Sea Ranching
concept in cooperation with WorldFish
Center
• Trial of Integrated polyculture: sandfishmilkfish and seaweed. Under coordination of
Technopark Program.
9 October 2014
21 October 2014
6 November 2014
(December 2014
-March 2015)
Preliminary Meetings
• Discuss the scope of the training
• General explanation of program
“Hapa” construction pactice
Field Practice
• Deployment 2000 sandfish juveniles in
floating “hapa”
• Discussion with member of communitybased management institution.
Monitoring & Evaluation
Sandfish Culture Training
Speech by Dr. Adhuri, the
project initiator
A talk by Mr. Munandar,
Head of Mataram Marine
Bio Industry TIU, RCO –
LIPI.
Dr. Dwiono explaining the
form of floating “hapa” that
will be used in nursery of
sea cucumber
Preparing the floating
‘hapa”
Hanging “hapa” on raft
near Gili Beleq Island
Deployment of sea
cucumber juveniles
Sandfish Culture Training
Dr. Dwiono explaining the culture system
of Sandfish
Discussion with member of communitybased management institution
Training module and Report
• Revitalization of idle brackish water pond, ex shrimp pond
• Introduction of Integrated Polyculture Technology, with Sandfish, Milkfish
and seaweed as main commodities
• Coastal community empowerment, group of 5 people/ location/1 Ha ponds
(Creating job and income).
Plan of Integrated Polyculture
Technopark Program
1 site
1 site
2 sites
2 sites
Integrated Polyculture of Sandfish-Milkfish-Seaweed Site
at Jerowaru, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
Distance + 90 km from MMBI
TIU , approx. + 2 hrs
Integrated Polyculture of Sandfish-Milkfish-Seaweed Site
Sekotong, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
Cendi Manik pond
Cemara pond
Labuan Tereng pond
Distance from MMBI TIU + 65 km
(approx. + 1 hr 30 mn)
Integrated Polyculture of Sandfish-Milkfish-Seaweed Site
Pamenang, North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
Muara Putat pond
Distance from MMBI TIU + 8 km
(approx. + 20 mn)
Integrated Polyculture of Sandfish-Milkfish-Seaweed Site
Labuan Mapin, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara
Distance from MMBI TIU + 165 km
(6 - 8 hrs on car + ferry)
Thank You….