Chapter 19a – Pronominal Suffixes Introduction You already know that when a pronoun is the direct object of a verb, it is commonly attached to the definite direct object marker (נוּ.ָ)יִשְׁמֹר אֹת. There is, however, another way of indicating this grammatical construction. The pronoun may also be added directly to the verb as a pronominal suffix ()יִשְׁמְרֵ נוּ. נוּ.ָיִשְׁמֹר אֹת יִשְׁמְרֵ נוּ שָׁפַט אֹתְָך טְָך, שְׁפ א Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt he will keep us he will keep us he judged you he judged you Chapter 19b – Pronominal Suffixes Reviewing Type 1 Suffixes In general, verbs use Type 1 pronominal suffixes with an objective translation value. Type 1 Suffixes Type 1 Alternate Objective Translation בִי ָך ְך וֹ ָהּ נוּ כֶם כֶן הֶם הֶן נִי me 1cs 2ms 2fs 3ms 3fs 1cp 2mp 2fp 3mp 3fp א Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt you you הוּ ָה him (it) her (it) us you you ם ן them them Chapter 19c – Pronominal Suffixes Suffixes Attached to the Qal Perfect 3ms Qal Perfect 3ms 1cs 2ms 2fs 3ms 3fs 1cp 2mp 2fp 3mp 3fp א ַנ ִי.ְקטָל ְקט<לְָך ְקטָלְֵך ְקטָלוֹ ְקטָלָהּ ָנוּ.ְקטָל ְקט<לְכֶם לְכֶן,ְקט ְקטָלָם ְקטָלָן Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Translation he killed me he killed you he killed you he killed him (it) he killed her (it) he killed us he killed you he killed you he killed them he killed them Chapter 19d – Pronominal Suffixes The Spelling of the Qal Perfect with Pronominal Suffixes Qal Perfect Without Suffixes 3ms 3fs 2ms 2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp א קָטַל טְלָה,ק ָלְתּ.ַקָט ְקָטַלְתּ לְתִּי.ַקָט טְלוּ,ק ְקטַלְתֶּם ְקטַלְתֶּן לְנוּ.ַקָט Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Qal Perfect Before Suffixes קְטָל ת.ַקְטָל .קְטַ ְלתּ י.ִקְטַלְתּ י.ִקְטַלְתּ וּ.קְטָל קְטַלְנ>וּ Chapter 19e – Pronominal Suffixes Understanding the Process of Adding Suffixes to Qal Perfect Verbs 1. צְאָה,ת( מ.ַ ) מְצָא+ נוּ ➣ תְנוּ.ַמְצָא she (it) found us 2. ָעְתּ.( יַָד. )יְַדעְתּ+ וֹ ➣ יְַדעְתּוֹ you knew him 3. תִּי.ַי( נָת.ִ )נְתַתּ+ ָה ➣ ָיה.ִנְתַתּ I gave her (it) You gave her (it) 4. בְבוּ,ֻ( ס. )סְבָב+ נִי ➣ נ ִי.ֻסְבָב they surrounded me 5. עְנוּ. )יְַדעֲנ>וּ( יַָד+ ם ➣ יְַדעֲנוּם א Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt we knew them Chapter 19f – Pronominal Suffixes Nun-Suffixes with the Imperfect There are three additional suffixes that occur on the Imperfect with some frequency. These suffixes may be called Nun-suffixes because of their distinctive forms. Type 1 Suffix Example Translation 2ms ָך ָךּ.ֶךָּ ב.יִלְכְּ ֶד he will capture you 3ms וֹ/הוּ נּוּ.ֶֶנּוּ ב.יִלְכְּד he will capture him בָהּ/ָה נָּה.ֶנָּה ב.יִלְכְּ ֶד he will capture her 3fs א NunSuffix Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Chapter 19g – Pronominal Suffixes The Spelling of the Qal Imperfect with Pronominal Suffixes Qal Imperfect Without Suffixes 3ms 3fs 2ms 2fs 1cs 3mp 3fp 2mp 2fp 1cp א יְִקטֹל תְִּקטֹל תְִּקטֹל תְִּקטְלִי אְֶקטֹל יְִקטְלוּ לְנָה.תְִּק ֹט תְִּקטְלוּ לְנָה.תְִּק ֹט נְִקטֹל Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Qal Imperfect Before Suffixes יְִקטְל תְִּקטְל תְִּקטְל תְִּקטְלִי אְֶקטְל יְִקטְלוּ תְִּקטְלוּ נְִקטְל Chapter 19h – Pronominal Suffixes Understanding the Process of Adding Suffixes to Qal Imperfect Verbs א 1. יְִקטֹל + הוּ ➣ יְִקטְלֵהוּ he will kill him 2. יִשְׁמֹר + ָך ➣ יִשְׁמְָרָך he will observe you 3. יִשְׁלַח + ָך ➣ יִשְׁלָחֲָך he will send you 4. יְִראֶה + נָּה.ֶב ➣ נָּה.ֶיְִרא Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt he will see her Chapter 19i – Pronominal Suffixes Adding Suffixes to the Qal Imperative 1. The Imperative 2ms form ְקטֹלis spelled ( קָטְלwith Qamets Hatuf) before a pronominal suffix. שְׁמֹר שְׁפֹט + + ם נִי ➣ ➣ שָׁמְֵרם שָׁפְטֵ נִי (You) observe them! (You) judge me! 2. The Imperative 2fs ( )ִקטְלִיand 2mp ()ִקטְלוּ, both ending in a vowel, do not change before a pronominal suffix. תִּפְשׂוּ ִדְּרשׁוּ + + ם נִי ➣ ➣ תִּפְשׂוּם ִדְּרשׁוּ נִי (You) seize them! (You) seek me! 3. Imperatives with a Pathach stem vowel ( )שְׁמַעlengthen Pathach to Qamets ( )שְׁמָעbefore pronominal suffixes. שְׁמַע גְּאַל א + + נִי ָהּ Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt ➣ ➣ שְׁמָעֵ נִי גְּאָלָהּ (You) hear me! (You) redeem her (it)! Chapter 19j – Pronominal Suffixes Parsing When parsing verbs with pronominal suffixes, you will need to identify the verb and the person, gender and number of the suffix. א יָך.ִנְתַתּ Qal Perfect 1cs ֶנּוּ.יִלְכְּד Qal Imperfect 3ms Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt נָתַן with 2ms suffix לָכַד with 3ms suffix Chapter 19k – Pronominal Suffixes Advanced Information: Summary of Pronominal Suffixes on the Perfect The following chart includes the basic and most frequently attested spellings of pronominal suffixes on Perfect verbs. In this chart, connecting vowels are included and suffixes are placed in one of two categories: (1) those attached to Perfect forms ending in a consonant; and (2) those attached to Perfect forms ending in a vowel. Suffixes after Consonant 1cs 2ms 2fs 3ms 3fs 1cp 2mp 3fp א Objective Translation נִי/ ָאנִי/נִי.ַב b ב ֲָך/בְָך/ָך בְֵך/בְָך הוּ.ָב/הוּ/ו/וֹ בָה/בָהּ נוּ.ָב/נוּ כֶם נִי ָך ְך וֹ/הוּ ָה נוּ כֶם – – you בָם/בַם בָן ם ן them 2fp 3mp Suffixes after Vowel Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt me you you him (it) her (it) us you them Chapter 19l – Pronominal Suffixes Advanced Information: Summary of Pronominal Suffixes on the Imperfect The following chart includes the basic and most frequently attested spellings of pronominal suffixes on Imperfect verbs. In this chart, connecting vowels are included. Type 1 Suffixes with Imperfect 1cs 2ms 2fs 3ms 3fs 1cp 2mp נִי.ֵב/נִי.ַב/נִי b ב ֶָך/בֲָך/בְָך/ָך בְֵך/ְך הוּ.ֵב/הוּ ָה/ָה.ֶב/בָהּ נוּ.ֵב/נוּ ְבכֶם 2fp 3mp 3fp א – בֵם/ם בָן Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Nun-Suffixes Objective with Imperfect Translation נִּי.ֶב ָךּ.ֶב me you you נּוּ.ֶב נָּה.ֶב נּוּ.ֶב him (it) her (it) us you you them them
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