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Mark Wilson
Infrastructure Architect/Technology lead for
Windows Server 2008 and Hyper-V, Fujitsu Services
[email protected]
http://www.markwilson.co.uk/blog/
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interested in Microsoft's Windows Server
technologies - especially Windows Server
2008
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Microsoft’s virtualisation platform
{for the Enterprise}
What is virtualization virtualisation?
Hyper-V architecture
Installation of Hyper-V
Management of Hyper-V
Questions? (and hopefully some answers!)
Stop
Press!
Whilst I was writing this presentation, Microsoft made a Hyper-V
release candidate (RC) available. As a consequence, the contents of
this presentation are based on the beta release – there may be some
variations for RC (and RTM) releases.
Full installation (x64)
UK090922LT
Fujitsu-Siemens S7210
Intel Core 2 Duo T7500 (2.2GHz)
4GB RAM
(joined to my organisation’s
Active Directory)
UK090922VM2
32-bit legacy installation
UK090922VM3
Server core installation (x64)
The technologies {and the opportunity}
“Virtualization essentially lets
one computer do the job of multiple
computers, by sharing the resources of a single computer across multiple environments.
[…]
In essence, virtualization lets you transform hardware into software. Use software
[…] to transform or “virtualize” the hardware resources of an x86-based computer – including
the CPU, RAM, hard disk and network controller – to create a fully functional
virtual machine that can run its own operating system and
applications just like a “real” computer.
Multiple virtual machines share hardware resources without interfering with each other so
that you can safely run several operating systems and applications at
the same time on a single computer”
[Source: VMware website, March 2008]
Server consolidation
Business Continuity
Utilisation
Flexibility
Computerworld
“Although virtualization has been the
buzz among technology providers, only
6% of enterprises have actually deployed
virtualization on their networks, said
Levine, citing a TWP Research report.
That makes the other 94% a wide-open
market.”
The Rise of the Virtual Machine and
the Real Impact It Will Have
“We calculate that roughly 6% of new
servers sold last year were virtualized and
project that 7% of those sold this year will
be virtualized and believe that less than
4% of the X86 server installed base has
been virtualized to date.
Pat Gelsinger, Intel VP Sept. 2007
“Only 5% of servers are virtualized.”
Sales, Sales, Sales,
World Wide
VMwar Micros Other,
Virtualisation
Adoption
e, 4.9,
oft,
0.35,
4.90% 1.75, 0.35%
Non1.75%
virtualized
servers
Sales,
Nonvirtuali
zed
servers
, 93,
93.00%
VMware
Information Week Oct.
2007
“The [virtualisation field] is
nowhere near saturated. IDC
estimates that only 17% of
the worldwide server market
will be virtualised by 2010, up
from 5% in 2005.”
Sales,
World Wide
Virtuali
Virtualisation Adoption
sed
servers
Non, 17,
Virtualised
17.00%
servers
Sales,
NonVirtuali
sed
servers
, 83,
83.00%
Virtualised
servers
Cost
Complexity
Management
Virtual sprawl
Single point of failure
Integration with physical infrastructure
Software licensing and support
Hardware
Performance
Political
Security Concerns
Management
Presentation
Virtualisation
Server
Virtualisation
Desktop
Virtualisation
Application
Virtualisation
Scalable, performant {and secure}
Hypervisor-based virtualisation platform
x64 - not x86
Role for Windows Server 2008 (full or server core)
Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter Editions
SKUs available with and without Hyper-V
Standalone product:
Microsoft Hyper-V Server
Standards based
Hardware requirements:
Hardware assisted virtualisation (AMD-V or Intel VT)
Hardware enabled Data Execution Prevention (DEP):
AMD NX (No eXecute bit)
Intel XD (eXecute Disable)
Hosted virtualisation
Guest 1
Host OS
Hypervisor virtualisation
Guest 2
VMM
Guest 1
Guest 2
VMM
Hardware
VMware Workstation,
VMware (GSX) Server,
Fusion.
Parallels Desktop
(Linux) KVM
Microsoft Virtual PC, Virtual
Server
Hardware
VMware ESX (Server), ESXi
(3i)
Xen
Hyper-V
Scheduler
Memory management
VM State machine
Storage stack
Network stack
Virtualised devices
Binary translation
Drivers
Management API
Provided by:
ISV/IHV/OEM
Parent Partition
VM
Worker
Processes
Hyper-V
Operating System
Microsoft/Citrix (XenSource)
Child Partitions
Applications
Applications
Applications
Windows Server
2003/2008
Non-hypervisor
Aware OS
Xen-enabled
Linux Kernel
User Mode
WMI Provider
VM Service
Windows Server
2008
Windows
Kernel
VSP
Windows
Kernel
Linux
VSC
VSC
IHV
Drivers
VMBus
Kernel
Mode
VMBus
VMBus
Emulation
Hypercall Adapter
Hyper-V
“Designed for Windows Server” Hardware
Ring -1
32-bit (x86) and 64-bit (x64) virtual machines
Large memory support (>32 GB) within VMs
SMP VMs
Integrated cluster support for quick migration and HA
Volume shadow service integration for data protection
Pass-through disk access for VMs
Virtual machine snapshots
New hardware sharing architecture (VSP/VSC/VMBus)
Robust networking: VLANs and NLB
DMTF standard for WMI management interface
Support for full or server core installations
All child partitions are untrusted
Root must be trusted by hypervisor; parent must
be trusted by children
Code in guests can run in all available processor
modes, rings, and segments
Hypercall interface will be well documented and
widely available to attackers
All hypercalls can be attempted by guests
It is possible to detect that you are running on a
hypervisor
The internal design of the hypervisor will be well
understood
No sharing of virtualized devices
Separate VMBus to the parent for each child
partition
No sharing of memory
Each virtual machine has its own address space
VMs cannot communicate with each other, except
through traditional networking
Guests can’t perform DMA attacks because they’re
never mapped to physical devices
Guests cannot write to the hypervisor
Even the parent partition cannot write to the
hypervisor
Providing solutions for both planned and
unplanned downtime
Planned downtime
Quickly move virtualized workloads to service
underlying hardware – “quick migration”
More common than unplanned
Unplanned downtime
Automatic failover to other nodes (hardware or
power failure) – “live migration”
Not as common and more difficult
1.
Save state
•
2.
Move virtual machine
•
3.
Save entire VM state
VHDs
SAN Storage
Move storage
connectivity from origin
to destination host
Restore state and run
•
•
Restore VM and run
Done
Network Connectivity
One more role {on Windows Server 2008}
Windows Server 2008
{full installation}
Windows Server 2008
{server core installation}
{virtual} Reality
If you start with a physical mess and
virtualise it, you will end up with a virtual
mess
Management is vital
Technology, people and process
Taming the virtual world:
Inventory
Provisioning
Lifecycle
Capacity
Metadata
Hyper-V Manager
WMI and PowerShell
A centralized management application solution for the virtual data center
Maximize Resources
•
Centralized virtual machine deployment and management
•
Intelligent placement of virtual machines
•
Fast and reliable Physical to Virtual (P2V) and Virtual to Virtual (V2V)
conversion
•
Comprehensive service-level enterprise monitoring with Microsoft®
Operations Manager
Increase Agility
•
Rapid provisioning of new and virtual machines with templates and
profiles
•
Centralized library of infrastructure components
•
Take advantage and extend existing storage infrastructure
•
Allow for delegated management of virtual machines
Take Advantage of Skills
•
Familiar interface, common foundation
•
Monitor physical and virtual machines from one console
•
Fully scriptable using Windows PowerShell™
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
V
VM
VM
VM
M
Host
Groups
ContextSensitive
Actions
Virtual
Machine
Views
Centralized
Library
Delegated
Control
Live
Thumbnail
Release candidate 0
available now, along
with management tools
for Vista SP1
Final version within 180
days of Windows Server
2008 RTM date
vNext beta with HyperV support available
now
Due to ship later this
year
Includes support for
managing VMware ESX
Administrator’s
Console
Self Service
Web Portal
Operator’s
Console
Windows PowerShell
Web
Console
Windows
PowerShell
Connector
Virtual Machine Manager
Server
Operations Manager
Server
Management Interfaces
VMware VI3
VMM Library
Server
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
ISO
Template
VHD
Script
Virtual Center Server
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
SAN Storage
ESX Host
VM
VM
VM
VM
Hyper-V:
Microsoft’s new enterprise virtualisation platform
Would you rather have 100% of VMware Virtual Infrastructure’s
features (at a price), or 90% of the functionality (for much less)?
There are some good built-in management tools, but SCVMM
completes the picture (and is useful for multi-server deployments).
In general:
When many machines are consolidated, clustering becomes
critical
Promote standardisation by providing a library of pre-built VMs
Use desired configuration management processes to trap and
correct drift
Remember that VMs still need to be patched, even when they are
turned off
Be prepared for support arrangements and license management
to become more complex
Microsoft virtualisation website:
http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/
Hyper-V featured resources:
http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/servermanager/
virtualization.mspx
How to install Hyper-V:
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/hypervinstall.aspx
VHD specification:
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver/techinfo
/vhdspec.mspx
Hyper-V WMI APIs: http://msdn2.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc136992(VS.85).aspx
Hypercall API:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=91E2E518
-C62C-4FF2-8E50-3A37EA4100F5&displaylang=en
Windows Server Team UK: http://winserverteam.org.uk/
My sites:
markwilson.it (my blog): http://www.markwilson.co.uk/blog/
“Virtual Reality” article:
http://uk.fujitsu.com/POV/articles/2008/virtualisation/
Some good virtualisation blogs:
Windows virtualisation team: http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/
Rakesh M (SCVMM): http://blogs.technet.com/rakeshm/
John Howard: http://blogs.technet.com/jhoward/
Ben Armstrong: http://blogs.msdn.com/virtual_pc_guy/
Clive Watson: http://blogs.technet.com/clive_watson/
Justin Zarb: http://blogs.technet.com/virtualworld/
Andrew Dugdell: http://blog.windowsvirtualization.com/
Virtualization.info: http://www.virtualization.info/
Not just virtualisation:
James O’Neill: http://blogs.technet.com/jamesone/
Steve Lamb: http://blogs.technet.com/steve_lamb/
This slidedeck:
http://cid-1453622c71a8a08e.skydrive.live.com/browse.aspx/Public
To find out more about Fujitsu and Microsoft’s industrialisation initiative
– Accelerated Microsoft – visit http://uk.fujitsu.com/microsoft/
© 2008, Mark Wilson.
Some rights reserved.
C
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Licence.
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