TI/Rice Review ECE Department Rice University Agenda 8:55am Overview of TI/Rice Relationship 9:15am Faculty Roundtable (TI-LU) 10am Student Roundtable 11am Demos and Tour Sidney Burrus Richard Baraniuk TI/Rice Relationship • Rice DSP Group organized in late 1960s by Sidney Burrus and Thomas Parks • Numerous DSP textbooks on filter design, FFTs, … – Parks/Jones TI DSP Laboratory Textbook • Several DSP short courses at TI • Culminated in TI’s 1996 gift of $7M in recognition of “Rice’s leadership in DSP” – TI Wing of Duncan Hall – TI Visiting Professorship – TI Fellowship Program ($3M, completed in 1996) ($1.5M endowed) ($2.5M for 10+ year term) TI Visiting Professors 2009 Nick Laneman, Notre Dame + potentially Yonina Eldar, Technion 2006 2005 Ron DeVore, South Carolina Youji Yamada, Ishikawa NCT, Japan Per Mikael Käll, Chalmers, Sweden Tom Parks, Cornell Urbashi Mitra, USC Sheila Hemami, Cornell David Munson, Michigan Mike Orchard, Princeton Doug Jones, Illinois Geoff Davis, Dartmouth 2002 2002 2002 2001 2000 1998 1997 TI Fellows • Regular and Distinguished TI Fellowships – first year, then top up in subsequent years • Offered only to our most outstanding applicants – 5-10 per year • Step function improvement in student quality • Recent TI Fellows in academe (since 2005) – – – – – – – – Rebecca Willett, Duke Clay Scott, Michigan Chris Rozell, Georgia Tech Michael Wakin, Michigan Justin Romberg, Georgia Tech Vinay Ribeiro, IIT-Delhi Mike Rabbat, McGill Ricardo von Borries, UTEP TI Leadership University • Research on emerging DSP and related technologies • In cooperation with MIT and Georgia Tech • Funding $1M / 3 years 1998-2001 Advanced DSP Theory and Algorithms, Wireless, Networking, DSP Laboratory 2002-2004 Advanced DSP Theory and Algorithms, Image Processing, Network Applications, Power Aware Wireless Communications 2005-2007 TI-LU Innovation Fund competition (7 projects) 2008-2010 DSP-enabled Sensors; DSP for 4G and Beyond, Mesh networks, Ad Hoc Networks Connexions • non-profit open education publishing project • goal: make high-quality educational content available to anyone, anywhere, anytime for free on the web and at very low cost in print • open-licensed repository of Lego-block modules that comprise courses/collections • open-source tools enable authors, instructors, and learners to create, rip, mix, burn modules and courses • Creative Commons open-content licenses, XML tools • Partners: TI, IEEE, NI, Hewlett Foundation, … Connexions stanford illinois michigan wisconsin berkeley ohio state ga tech utep rice cambridge norway italy CNX/TI Agenda 8:55am Overview of TI/Rice Relationship 9:15am Faculty Roundtable (TI-LU) 10am Student Roundtable 11am Demos and Tour Richard Baraniuk Traditional Digital Data Acquisition Nyquist rate samples sample JPEG JPEG2000 transmit/store compress sparse / compressible wavelet transform receive decompress What’s Wrong with this Picture? Q: Why go to all the work to acquire N samples only to discard all but K pieces of data? sample transmit/store compress sparse / compressible wavelet transform receive decompress Compressive Sensing (CS) • Directly acquire “compressed” data – replace samples with more general (random) “measurements” – equivalent to sub-Nyquist sampling • Recover signal by convex optimization • Enables design of new cameras, imaging algs, ADCs, sensor arrays and networks, … compressive sensing receive reconstruct transmit/store Kevin Kelly CS Camera Research Vision • New modalities – IR – Hyperspectral – THz, gamma ray, x ray • New geometries – Microscopes (confocal) – 3D cameras – Distributed camera arrays • New algorithms – – – – Graphical model based reconstruction and processing 3D object/scene reconstruction Computer vision applications Joint articulation manifold (JAM) processing DLP-CS Camera single photon detector Dual Visible/Infrared Imaging Vis IR DMD DMD Vis CS Hyperspectral Imaging IR DLP-CS Microscopy DMD Dichroic Mirror Relay Telescope Collection Lens Eyepiece CAM PMT Rotated Mirror Rotated Mirror Emission Filter CS Imaging Lens (f160) 256x256, 2:1 Alignment Mirror #1 Alignment Mirror #2 Excitation Filter Objective Lens Collimating Lens Specimen Plane Micromirrors Raster OFF ON OFF ON ON OFF OFF 16x16 Illumination Beam (from light source) In-Focus Fluorescence (to Detector) 32x32 Discarded Illumination Out-of-Focus Fluorescence Emission Beam Excitation Beam (to Object) CS 32x32 128x128 10:1 Michael Orchard Location-Based Image Representation Prof. Michael T. Orchard •Project Theme Images carry two types of information: a) the Brightness of things and b) the Location of things •Objective - To develop a method for representing images that naturally and efficiently specifies both types of information in a unified framework. •Approach Complex filter banks: •Applications - Magnitudes represent Phases represent Image and Video Coding; Image Denoising; Inpainting; Video Super-resolution •Examples Image Inpainting (work with Gang Hua - currently at TI) Brightness Location Conclusion • Three top open issues in image representation: Location! Location! Location! Farinaz Koushanfar Introduction • Fast non-invasive chip tomography: rapid non-intrusive characterization of the spatial distribution of silicon variability for complex integrated circuits • Motivation – Miniaturization of CMOS complex chips with billions of gates – CMOS patterns and atomic doping are uncontrollable inherent statistical inter-die and intra-die variations – Variations are not completely random there is a spatial correlation – The characteristics of each IC are unclonable and unique – Many analytical models are proposed, but Example 2: Example 1: post-silicon characterization is missing Invasive measurements Single transistor of spatial variations on a variations – Post-silicon gate characterization and 130nm die [Roy and Asenov, tomography of intrinsically ICs paves Science, 2005] [Friedberg etopaque al., ISQED, 2005] Tomography by compressive sensing • Once the sparse basis is found, random projections onto incoherent basis will not be sparse/compressible – – – – – Random projections are universally incoherent Fewer test measurements No sparsity location information Construction via optimization Highly asymmetrical (most measurements and computing are off chip) Example: [Baraniuk IEEE SP’07] : random Gaussian measurement matrix : discrete cosine transform s: coefficient vector (sparse with K=4) =: is measurement matrix with 4 columns corresponding to the nonzero si’s y: measurements (linear combinations of 4) Test input vector x (N) N measurements Linear Eq. system Fast Test input Tomography vector x (K) K << N measurements L1 norm optimization Tomography Gate-level Models Density estimation – Tomography (k sparse) Density estimation – Tomography (k sparse) • Important new direction: use the post-silicon tomography information to determine the best placement of additional sensors to maximize controllability and observability to the ICs internals Edward Knightly Challenge: Ultra-Low Cost Wireless Networking for Under-Served Communities Wireless ISP for Houston’s East End since late 2004 Over 4,000 users in 3 square kilometers Research platform: programmable and observable Multi-tier architecture Ed Knightly Research Challenges Increased capacity: Multi-* MAC protocols High resilience: exploit network structure Proof-of-concept implementation Advanced services and applications – – – – Quality of service for voice Mobile multimedia Health sensing Location services Understanding community IT needs to drive services – Collaboration with Jerome Crowder (UH) and ethnographic studies Ed Knightly Behnaam Aazhang “Opportunistic and Cooperative” Physical Layer • Layers operate on different timescales – – – – Session Packet Bit Signal • Coherence – Channels – Network R Data S Coherent combining D Research Agenda • Network state information – Topology – Location • Network discovery – Distributed – Network flooding 6 D • Cooperative routing 7 5 1 4 S 2 3 8 Joseph Cavallaro CMC Research Lab • Wireless Systems – Communication theory – VLSI architecture – Networking Research Partners: NSF, State of Texas, Nokia, Xilinx, Texas Instruments, National Instruments Processors in Future Wireless Systems • Architecture Tradeoffs – ASIC Efficiency and Customization – DSP Flexibility and Configurability • Special Function Units (SFUs) • ASIPs (Application Specific Instruction set Processors): – Flexible and Retargetable Compilation – Identify and Exploit Algorithm Parallelism Special-Purpose Architectures for 4G Systems • MIMO Detection – Sphere Detection – Iterative Algorithms • Detection-Decoding • Channel Decoding – Low Density Parity Check Codes – Flexible, Scalable Architecture – Adapts to Code Rates – Data rates up to 1Gbps Ashutosh Sabharwal Wireless open-Access Research Platform (WARP) • Custom hardware: radio daughtercards • Research PHY and MAC WARP System Demo in TI DSP Elite Lab • Cognitive Radios, Distributed Wireless Networks and Testbeds http://youtube.com/profile_videos?user=ricewarp Lin Zhong Efficiency-driven wireless communication Efficiency-driven wireless communication Performance-driven design Energy per bit transceiving Efficiency only at peak performance Distribution of real usage Data rate Objective: Adaptively guarantee efficiency across a broad range of data rates Physical layer Advancement in RF design provides low overhead power-saving modes Coding/modulation for improved hardware activity patterns MAC layer (in the context of 802.11, WARP platform) Use of directional antenna (up to 60% power reduction) Micro power management: idle periods during active data transfers (up 41 to 30% power reduction) Sensitive computing How can computers serve without active user engagement? Mobile phones spend most time idle waiting Bottleneck is their capability to “sense” their physical environment, including users Sense of a modern mobile device RF interfaces, camera, microphone, sensors (e.g. accelerometer) Efficient gathering of the data Inference based efficient DSP User-friendly application of the sense Sensing Energy efficiency Usability 42 Agenda 8:55am Overview of TI/Rice Relationship 9:15am Faculty Roundtable (TI-LU) 10am Student Roundtable 11am Demos and Tour
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